A. PHÇN Më ®çu: ÞNH Møc Trong X©Y Dùng L Mét M N Häc Thuéc Lünh Vùc Khoa Häc Thùc

A.
Phn m u

nh mc trong xy dng l mt mn hc thuc lnh vc khoa hc thc
nghim v l- ng. N xc nh l- ng hao ph cc yu t sn xut ( vt liu, nhn
cng, thi gian s dng my xy dng) lm ra mt n v sn phm. Vic
hnh thnh cc ch tiu nh l- ng trong sn xut v qun l xy dng l mt qu
trnh pht trin v la chn .
Bi th nh mc kinh t, k thut ni chung v nh mc trong xy dng ni
ring c tm quan trng ht sc ln lao. Tr- c ht n l cng c Nh n- c
tin hnh qun l kinh t v t chc sn xut tm v m, l c s php l u
tin v mt k thut v v mt kinh t ca Nh n- c.
Th hai, cc nh mc ny l nhng cng c quan trng tnh ton cc tiu
chun v k thut, v gi tr s dng ca sn phm, v chi ph cng nh- v cc
hiu qu kinh t x hi v.v
Th ba, cc nh mc ny l cc c s kim tra cht l- ng cht l- ng sn
phm v mt k thut, kim tra cc chi ph v hiu qu v mt kinh t x hi
ca cc qu trnh sn xut.
Th t- , cc nh mc ny cn m bo s thng nht n mc cn thit v
mt quc gia cng nh- v mt quc t i vi cc sn phm lm ra to iu
kin thun li cho qu trnh sn xut v tiu th cc sn phm trn th trng .
Th nm, cc nh mc ny cn - c dng lm phng n i snh c s
khi phn tch, la chn cc phng n sn xut ti - u, cc nh mc v chi ph
cn biu din hao ph lao ng x hi trung bnh khi tnh ton v la chn cc
phng n.
Vi ngha v tm quan trng nh- vy, nh mc k thut c nhng cc loi
sau y : - nh mc m rng
- nh mc d ton tng hp
- nh mc d ton
- nh mc sn xut .
T c c s liu thu - c qua qu trnh quan st Lp tPanel bng cn trc
thp CKY. 101 bng phng php Chp nh kt hp ta s tnh ton nh mc
Lao ng qu trnh Lp Panel bng cn trc thp .

B. ph-ng php lun

Tr- c khi i vo nghin cu vic tnh ton nh mc lao ng Lp Panel
bng cn trc thp. Ta cn phi quan tm ti cc nhn t nh h- ng n qu
trnh sn xut. Da vo phiu c tnh ta c th - a ra cc nhn t sau:
- iu kin thi tit : C m- a hay khng ? Nhit ?
- Thnh phn t i :cp bc th, s l- ng, trnh vn ho, tui i, tui
ngh
1. nhn t nh h-ng n qu trnh sn xut
- iu kin, trnh t chc sn xut : B tr cu kin c sn cng gi
chuyn dng, b tr t vn chuyn cu kin t ni sn xut n
cng trnh .
- Vic la chn cn trc thp CKY .101
- Cng c lao ng :dao xy, bay, tng , x beng.

2. thit k iu kin tiu chun
a. iu kin thi tit : 22 23
0
C, c m- a nh.
b. T chc sn xut : Chn cn trc thp CKY.101 c sc nng3-10 tn, tm
vi 13-30m, chiu cao nng 20,8m. Panel - c xp ta vo gi chuyn dng,
b tr trong phm vi lm vic ca cn trc. t vn chuyn cu kin t ni sn
xut n cng trnh.
c. B tr t i cng nhn :
Ta phi da vo hon cnh thc t ca cng vic m thit k thnh phn t i
cng nhn sao cho tn dng - c hp l nng lc ca tng ng- i , thi gian
ngng vic cc b l nh nht.
Ta da vo Bng chp nh kt hp ln quan st th II m lp nn bng sau:
Bc 2 Bc 3 Bc 4 Bc 2 Bc 3 Bc 4
1 2 3 1 1 4
1 Trn, chuyn, ri va 232 2+3 72 160 35 197
2 Mc panel vo cn trc 129 4 129 129
3 iu chnh neo buc 504 4 504 504
4 Nht mch va 140 2+3 50 90 110 30
122 125 211 145 227 158.25
42.18% 40.76% 36.12% 30.29%
3.33 3.5
2.29 2.355
4580000 4710000
Ngng vic cc b ca tng bc th (%)
Ngng vic cc b (%) tng cng tng phng n 82.94% 66.41%
HPL tnh cho 1 ngi th
Thnh phn nhm th theo cc phng n
Phng n 1 Phng n 2
TT Tn phn vic
HPL
(ng.pht)
Cp bc
cng
vic quy
nh
1.099
1.028
Tc tng NSL p/n 2 so vi p/n 1
Tc tng lng bnh qun p/n 2 so vi p/n 1
Bc th bnh qun
Lng bnh qun (ng/ngi/thng)
H s lng bnh qun

Ta thy tc tng NSL ca phng n 2 so vi phng n 1 ln hn tc
tng l- ng => Ta s s dng phng n 2 trong t chc thi cng Lp Panel

C.Mt s ph-ng php thu s liu
Trong cng tc nh mc Ta c cc phng php thu s liu sau :
- Ph- ng php chp nh ghi bng th (C.A..T)
- Ph- ng php chp nh kt hp (C.A.K.H)
- Ph- ng php chp nh s (C.A.S)
- Ph- ng php chp nh ngy lm vic
- Ph- ng php bm gi :
+ Ph- ng php bm gi lin tc .
+ Ph- ng php bm gi chn lc .
+ Ph- ng php bm gi i vi cc phn t lin hp .
Trong cc phng php trn ta chn s dng phng php Chp nh kt hp
thu s liu.
Bi phng php ny c kh nng quan st 1 nhm i t- ng bng cch dng
cc - ng th ghi li thi gian thc hin ca tng i t- ng tham gia vo tng
phn t. S i t- ng - c ghi u on th . Ph- ng php ny cng c th
- c s dng theo di 1 qu trnh sn xut m trong qu trnh bao gm c
phn t chu k v phn t khng chu k . l phng php vn nng - c dng
quan st cho 1 nhm i t- ng vi chnh xc 0,5 1 pht, k thut quan
st khng phc tp .
Trong n ny chn phng php Quan st ngoi hin trng lp nh
mc lp t Panel .Bi phng php ny c tnh xc thc cao, d thc hin.
Ph- ng php ny - c thc hin nh- sau :
- Thnh lp nhm nghin cu nh mc, s l- ng t vin tu thuc vo khi
l- ng cn quan st, ng- i ng u phi c kinh nghim v nh mc .
- Tin hnh nghin cu qu trnh sn xut (lp cc danh mc nh mc,
nghin cu cc nhn t tc ng ti qu trnh sn xut cng nh- nng sut lao
ng).
- Thit k - c iu kin tiu chun cho qu trnh sn xut sau tin hnh
quan st thu s liu v tnh ton cc s liu nh mc .

D .l lun v x l s liu
C 3 b- c chnh l :
- Chnh l s b.
- Chnh l cho tng ln quan st.
- Chnh l s liu cho cc ln quan st.

E .Phn chnh l v tnh ton nh mc

Tr- c ht ta c qu trnh Lp t Panel bng cn trc thp l qu trnh bao gm
trong n c phn t chu k ln phn t khng chu k.
Cc phn t chu k bao gm :
- Mc Panel vo cn trc.
- iu chnh, t neo buc.
Cc phn t cn li l phn t khng chu k. Ln l- t ta chnh l cc phn t
chu k tr- c, phn t khng chu k sau vi hai b- c chnh l trung gian v
Chnh l chnh thc.

1 .Chnh l cc phn t chu k
1.1.i vi phn t :Mc panel vo cn trc.
*Ln 1.
T phiu C.A.K.H ta thu - c dy s v hao ph thi gian :
7; 11; 10; 8; 8; 8; 8; 8; 9; 8; 11; 8
Sp xp li dy s theo th t t b ti ln :
7; 8; 8; 8; 8; 8; 8; 8; 9; 10; 11; 11
H s K
o
: K
o
=11/7=1,571
1,3<K
o
<2
> Ta phi chnh l theo phng php s gii hn :
- Kim tra gii hn trn.
- B i tr s ln nht a
max
= 11 (c 2 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 10
8, 2
10
.( ) 8, 2 1, 0.(10 7) 11, 2
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + + + + + + + +
= =
= + = + =
=> >

Gi li gi tr a
max
=11 trong dy s v gii hn trn ca dy l A
max
=11 ;dy s
c a
max
-> a
max
= 11
Sau khi xc nh xong gii hn trn, ta kim tra gii hn d- i.
- Kim tra gii hn d- i.
B i tr s nh nht a
min
= 7 (c 1 con s)

2
max
min 2 min
min min
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 10 11 11
8,82
11
.( ) 8,82 0,9.(11 8) 6,12
6,12 7
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + + + + + + + + +
= =
= = =
=> = < =

Vn gi li gi tr a
min
=7 trong dy s.
- Kt lun:
+ Dy s trn l hp quy cch.
+ S
i
= 12 s

+ T
i
= 104 (Ng-ph).
*Ln 2:
11; 10; 9; 8; 10; 9; 10; 10; 9; 11; 11; 9
Sp xp li dy 12 s theo th t t b ti ln :
8; 9; 9; 9; 9; 10; 10; 10; 10; 11; 11; 11
H s K
o
: K
o
= 11/8 = 1,375
1,3< K
o
< 2
Ta phi chnh l theo phng php s gii hn :
B i tr s ln nht a
max
= 11 (c 3 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
8 9 4 10 4
9,33
9
.( ) 9,33 1, 0.(10 8) 11,33
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ +
= =
= + = + =
=> >

Vn gi li gi tr a
max
=11 trong dy s.
- Kim tra gii hn d- i.`
+ B i tr s nh nht a
min
= 8 (c 1 con s)
2
max
min 2 min
min min
9 4 10 4 11 3
9,91
11
.( ) 9,91 0,9.(11 9) 8,11
8,11 8
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ +
= =
= = =
=> = > =

Loi gi tr a
min
= 8 ra khi dy s.
+ n l- t a
min
= 9 b nghi ng
Gi s b i gi tr a
min
= 9 (c 4 con s)
2
max
min 2 min
min min
10 4 11 3
' 10, 43
7
' ' .( ) 10, 43 1,1.(11 10) 9,33
9,33 9
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+
= =
= = =
=> = > =

Loi gi tr a
min
= 9 ra khi dy s.
S con s b loi l 5 con s, chim 5/12=41,67% > 30% s con s, nn phi
tin hnh b sung s liu.
B sung thm 1 con s 12, ta c dy 13 s mi nh- sau:
8; 9; 9; 9; 9; 10; 10; 10; 10; 11; 11; 11; 12
H s K
o
: K
o
= 12/8 = 1,5
1,3< K
o
< 2

B i tr s ln nht a
max
= 12 (c 1 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
8 9 4 10 4 11 3
9, 75
12
.( ) 9, 75 0,9.(11 8) 12, 45
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + +
= =
= + = + =
=> >

Gi li gi tr a
max
= 12 trong dy s.
- Kim tra gii hn d- i:
Gi s b i tr s nh nht a
min
= 8 (c 1 con s)

2
max
min 2 min
min min
9 4 10 4 11 3 12
10, 08
12
.( ) 10, 08 0,9.(12 9) 7,38
7,38 8
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + +
= =
= = =
=> = < =

Vn gi li gi tr a
min
= 8 trong dy s.
Kt lun:
+ S
i
= 13
+ T
i
= 129 (Ng-ph).
*Ln 3:
T phiu C.A.K.H ta thu - c dy s v hao ph thi gian:
9; 11; 10; 10; 10; 9; 7; 10; 12; 9; 9; 12; 13
Sp xp li dy 13 s theo th t t b ti ln:
7; 9; 9; 9; 9; 10; 10; 10; 10; 11; 12; 12; 13
H s K
o
: K
o
= 13/7 = 1,857
1,3< K
o
< 2
B i tr s ln nht a
max
= 13 (c 1 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
7 9 4 10 4 11 12 2
9,83
12
.( ) 9,83 0,9.(12 7) 14,33
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + + +
= =
= + = + =
=> >

Vn gi li gi tr a
max
=13 trong dy s.
min
= 7 (c 1 con s)

2
max
min 2 min
min min
9 4 10 4 11 12 2 13
10,33
12
.( ) 10,33 0,9.(13 9) 6, 73
6, 73 7
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + + +
= =
= = =
=> = < =

Vn gi li gi tr a
min
= 7 trong dy s.
Kt lun:
+ S
i
= 13
+ T
i
= 131 (Ng-ph).
*Ln 4.
10; 9; 11; 11; 10; 8; 8; 10; 12; 10; 10;10;10
8; 8; 9; 10;10;10;10;10;10;10;11; 11; 12
H s K
o
: K
o
= 12/8 = 1,5
1,3< K
o
< 2
B i tr s ln nht a
max
= 12 (c 1 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
8 2 9 10 7 11 2
9, 75
12
.( ) 9, 75 0,9.(11 8) 12, 45
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + +
= =
= + = + =
=> >

Vn gi li gi tr a
max
=12 trong dy s.
min
= 8 (c 2 con s)

2
max
min 2 min
min min
9 10 7 11 2 12
10, 27
11
.( ) 10, 27 0,9.(12 9) 7,57
7,57 8
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + +
= =
= = =
=> = < =

Vn gi li gi tr a
min
= 8 trong dy s.
Kt lun:
+ S
i
= 13 con s
+ T
i
= 129 (Ng-ph).
*Ln 5.
10; 10; 11; 11; 11; 10; 10; 10; 14; 11
10; 10;10;10;10; 11; 11;11;11; 14
H s K
o
: K
o
= 14/10 = 1,4
1,3< K
o
< 2

+B i tr s ln nht a
max
= 14 (c 1 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
10 5 11 4
10, 44
9
.( ) 10, 44 1, 0.(11 10) 11, 44
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a <
+
= =
= + = + =
=>

Ta phi loi b gi tr a
max
=14 khi dy s.
Sau khi loi b tr s 14 ta - c dy s mi :
10; 10;10;10;10; 11; 11;11;11
+Gi s b i a
max
= 11 (c 4 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
10 5
' 10
5
' ' .( ' ) 10 1,3.(10 10) 10
'
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a <
= =
= + = + =
=>

Vn phi loi b gi tr a
max
=11 khi dy s. Khi ny s con s b loi l 5,
chim 5/10=50% > 30% s con s. Nn phi tin hnh b sung thm s liu.
B sung thm 1 con s 7, ta - c dy s mi nh- sau:
7; 10; 10;10;10;10; 11; 11;11;11; 14
H s K
o
: K
o
= 14/7 = 2
1,3< K
o
2
+B i tr s ln nht a
max
= 14 (c 1 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
7 10 5 11 4
10,1
10
.( ) 10,1 1, 0.(11 7) 14,1
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a >
+ +
= =
= + = + =
=>

Gi thit l sai, gi li a
max
=14
Gi s b i gi tr nh nht ca dy s l a
min
=7 (c 1 con s). Khi :
2
max
min 2 min
min min
10 5 11 4 14
10,8
10
.( ) 10,8 1, 0.(14 10) 6,8
6,8 7
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ +
= =
= = =
=> = < =

Vn gi li gi tr a
min
= 7 trong dy s.
Kt lun:
+ S
i
= 11 con s
+ T
i
= 115 (Ng-ph).

1.2.i vi phn t :iu chnh, t neo buc
*Ln 1
42; 53; 39; 30; 42; 42; 36; 27; 38; 33
27; 30; 33; 36; 38; 39; 42; 42; 42; 53
H s K
o
: K
o
=53/27=1,96
1,3< K
o
< 2
+B i tr s ln nht a
max
= 53 (c 1 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
27 30 33 36 38 39 42 3
36,56
9
.( ) 36,56 1, 0.(42 27) 51,56
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a <
+ + + + + +
= =
= + = + =
=>

Gi thit l ng, b i gi tr a
max
= 53. Ta - c dy s:
27; 30; 33; 36; 38; 39; 42; 42; 42
+ n l- t gi tr a
max
= 42 b nghi ng
Gi s b i gi tr a
max
= 42 (c 3 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
27 30 33 36 38 39
' 33,83
6
' ' .( ' ) 33,83 1, 2.(39 27) 48, 23
'
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a >
+ + + + +
= =
= + = + =
=>

Vn gi li gi tr a
max
=42 trong dy s.
Gi s b i gi tr nh nht ca dy s l a
min
=27 (c 1 con s). Khi :
2
max
min 2 min
min min
30 33 36 38 39 42 3
37, 73
8
.( ) 37, 73 1,1.(42 30) 24,55
24,55 27
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + + + +
= =
= = =
=> = < =

Vn gi li gi tr a
min
= 27 trong dy s.

Kt lun:
+ S
i
= 9 con s
+ T
i
= 329 (Ng-ph).
*Ln 2.
54; 45; 48; 24; 45; 36; 45; 30; 54; 42; 42; 39
24; 30; 36; 39; 42; 42; 45; 45; 45; 48; 54; 54
H s K
o
: K
o
=54/24=2,25 > 2
Ta phi chnh l dy s theo phng php lch qun phng t- ng i thc
nghim e
tn

- B- c 1: Tnh lch qun phng t- ng i thc nghim e
tn

2 2
1 1
1
( ) ( )
100 100 12.22032 254016
(%) . . 6, 09%
( 1) 504 12 1
n n
i i
i i
tn n
i
n a a
e
n
a
= =
=
= = =

- B- c 2: So snh e
tn
vi lch qun phng t- ng i cho php [e]:
V QTSX c 2 phn t chu k nn [e]= 7%> e
tn
= 6,09%
=>tt c cc con s trong dy u dng - c
Vy dy s trn l hp quy cch:
+ S
i
= 12 con s
+ T
i
= 504 (Ng-ph).

*Ln 3
51; 39; 36; 45; 48; 45; 48; 27; 48; 48; 42; 51
27; 36; 39; 42; 45; 45; 48; 48; 48; 48; 51; 51
H s K
o
: K
o
=51/27=1,89
1,3< K
o
2
B i tr s ln nht a
max
= 51 (c 2 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
27 36 39 42 45 2 48 4
42, 6
10
.( ) 42, 6 1, 0.(51 36) 51,56
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a >
+ + + + +
= =
= + = + =
=>

Gi thit sai, gi li gi tr a
max
= 51
+ Gi s b i tr s nh nht a
min
= 27 (c 1 con s)

2
max
min 2 min
min min
36 39 42 45 2 48 4 51 2
45,54
11
.( ) 45,57 0,9.(51 36) 32, 04
32, 04 27
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + + + +
= =
= = =
=> = > =

Gi thit ng, b i gi tr a
min
= 27. Dy s mi l:
36; 39; 42; 45; 45; 48; 48; 48; 48; 51; 51
+ n l- t gi tr a
min
= 36 b nghi ng
min
= 36 (c 1 con s)
2
max
min 2 min
min min
39 42 45 2 48 4 51 2
' 46,5
10
' ' .( ) 46,5 1, 0.(51 42) 34,5
' 34,5 ' 36
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + + +
= =
= = =
=> = < =

Gi thit sai, gi li gi tr a
min
= 36
Kt lun:
+ S
i
= 11 con s
+ T
i
= 501 (Ng-ph).

*Ln 4
57; 30; 42; 48; 48; 42; 51; 51; 33; 30; 48; 39
30; 30; 33; 39; 42; 42; 48; 48; 48; 51; 51; 57
H s K
o
: K
o
= 57/30 = 1,9
1,3< K
o
< 2
B i tr s ln nht a
max
= 57 (c 1 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
30 2 33 39 42 2 48 3 51 2
42
11
.( ) 42 0,9.(51 30) 60,9
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + + + +
= =
= + = + =
=> >

Vn gi li gi tr a
max
=57 trong dy s.
min
= 30 (c 2 con s)

2
max
min 2 min
min min
33 39 42 2 48 3 51 2 57
45,9
10
.( ) 45,9 1, 0.(57 33) 21,9
21,9 33
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + + + +
= =
= = =
=> = < =

Vn gi li gi tr a
min
= 30 trong dy s.
Kt lun:
+ S
i
= 12 con s
+ T
i
= 519 (Ng-ph).

*Ln 5
54; 39; 45; 42; 45; 39; 48; 43; 42; 39; 39; 48; 42
39; 39; 39; 39; 42; 42; 42; 43; 45; 45; 48; 48; 54
H s K
o
: K
o
=54/39=1,38
1,3< K
o
< 2
+B i tr s ln nht a
max
= 54 (c 1 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
39 4 42 3 43 45 2 48 2
42,58
12
.( ) 42,58 0,9.(48 39) 50, 68
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a <
+ + + +
= =
= + = + =
=>

max
= 54. Ta - c dy s:
39; 39; 39; 39; 42; 42; 42; 43; 45; 45; 48; 48
+ n l- t gi tr a
max
= 48 b nghi ng
Gi s b i gi tr a
max
= 48 (c 2 con s)
1
max max 1 min
max max
39 4 42 3 43 45 2
' 37, 72
11
' ' .( ) 37, 72 0,9.(45 39) 43,12
'
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a <
+ + +
= =
= + = + =
=>

max
= 48. Ta - c dy s:
39; 39; 39; 39; 42; 42; 42; 43; 45; 45
+ n l- t gi tr a
max
= 45 b nghi ng
Gi s b i gi tr a
max
= 45 (c 2 con s)

1
max max
1 min
max max
39 4 42 3 43
'' 40, 625
8
'' '' .( ) 40, 625 1,1.(43 39) 45, 025
''
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a >
+ +
= =
= + = + =
=>

Gi thit sai, vn gi li a
max
=45.
+ Gi s b i gi tr nh nht ca dy s l a
min
=39 (c 4 con s). Khi :
2
max
min 2 min
min min
42 3 43 45 2
43,17
6
.( ) 43,17 1, 2.(45 42) 39,57
39,57 39
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ +
= =
= = =
=> = > =

Gi thit ng, b i gi tr a
min
=39. Dy s l:
42; 42; 42; 43; 45; 45
Ta thy s con s b b i l 7/13 > 1/3 nn phi tin hnh b sung thm s
liu. B sung thm 1 con s 30, ta - c dy s mi nh- sau:
30; 39; 39; 39; 39; 42; 42; 42; 43; 45; 45; 48; 48; 54
H s n nh ca dy s: K
o
=54/30=1,8
1,3< K
o
< 2
Ta phi chnh l dy s theo phng php s gii hn.
- Kim tra gii hn trn:
Gi s b i tr s ln nht a
max
= 54 (c 1 con s)
1
max max
1 min
max max
30 39 4 42 3 43 45 2 48 2
43, 46
13
.( ) 43, 46 0,9.(48 30) 59, 66
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + + + +
= =
= + = + =
=> >

Vn gi li gi tr a
max
=54 trong dy s.
min
= 30 (c 1 con s)
2
max
min 2 min
min min
39 4 42 3 43 45 2 48 2 54
43, 46
13
.( ) 43, 46 0,9.(54 39) 29,96
29,96 30
tb
tb
a
A a k a a
A a
+ + + + +
= =
= = =
=> = < =

Vn gi li gi tr a
min
= 30 trong dy s.
Kt lun:
+ S
i
= 14 con s

+ T
i
= 595 (Ng-ph).

2. Chnh l cc phn t khng chu k
chnh l cc phn t khng chu k ta phi tin hnh b- c chnh l trung
gian h thng ha s liu tng phn t trong tng gi quan st tr- c ri sau
mi chnh l chnh thc. Vic chnh l trung gian - c thc hin thng qua cc
bng chnh l.

2.1. Chnh l trung gian
Ln QS: 1
Gi I Gi II Gi III Gi IV
1 Trn, chuyn, ri va 64 72 54 60 250
4 Nht mch va 35 45 46 60 186
5 Ch cn trc di chuyn 30 13 15 26 84
6 Ngh gii lao 12 52 60 6 130
7 Thi gian chun kt 21 0 0 21 42
8 Vi phm k lut 7 9 8 0 24
9 Lm tha ng tc 0 7 0 6 13
10 Ngh v ma ro 0 0 6 78 84
Tng cng 169 198 189 257 813
Tn QTSX: LP PANEL BNG CN TRC THP CKY101
S
hiu
Tn phn t Tng cng
Hao ph lao ng tng gi

Ln QS: 2
1 Trn, chuyn, ri va 65 60 60 47 232
4 Nht mch va 29 50 32 29 140
6 Ngh gii lao 55 10 31 7 103
8 Vi phm k lut 10 0 5 9 24
9 Lm tha ng tc 7 10 3 7 27
10 Ngh v ma ro 0 0 0 66 66
Tng cng 230 153 158 211 752
S
hiu
Tn phn t
Tng cng

Ln QS: 3
1 Trn, chuyn, ri va 67 50 75 66 258
4 Nht mch va 35 35 65 60 195
6 Ngh gii lao 13 62 19 18 112
8 Vi phm k lut 4 10 5 10 29
9 Lm tha ng tc 4 11 0 5 20
10 Ngh v ma ro 0 0 0 0 0
Tng cng 191 184 177 189 741
S
hiu
Tn phn t
Tng cng

Ln QS: 4
1 Trn, chuyn, ri va 75 60 78 62 275
4 Nht mch va 19 88 48 56 211
6 Ngh gii lao 18 37 34 18 107
8 Vi phm k lut 1 8 7 0 16
9 Lm tha ng tc 5 5 5 8 23
10 Ngh v ma ro 0 0 0 0 0
Tng cng 201 217 191 189 798
S
hiu
Tn phn t
Tng cng

Ln QS: 5
1 Trn, chuyn, ri va 72 60 70 57 259
4 Nht mch va 42 56 44 24 166
6 Ngh gii lao 37 18 15 0 70
8 Vi phm k lut 4 4 5 0 13
9 Lm tha ng tc 7 3 4 3 17
10 Ngh v ma ro 0 0 0 90 90
Tng cng 204 168 156 191 719
S
hiu
Tn phn t
Tng cng

2.2. Chnh l s liu chnh thc
Ln QS: 1
Ngi.Pht %
1 Trn, chuyn, ri va 250 20.06% m 1.08
2 Mc panel vo cn trc 104 8.35% tm 12
3 iu chnh neo buc 329 26.40% tm 12
4 Nht mch va 186 14.93% m 80
5 Ch cn trc di chuyn 84 6.74%
6 Ngh gii lao 130 10.43%
7 Thi gian chun kt 42 3.37%
8 Vi phm k lut 24 1.93%
9 Lm tha ng tc 13 1.04%
10 Ngh v ma ro 84 6.74%
Tng cng 1246 100%
S
hiu
Tn phn t
Hao ph lao ng
Tng cng
VT sn
phm phn t

Ln QS: 2
Ngi.Pht %
1 Trn, chuyn, ri va 232 16.75% m 1.3
4 Nht mch va 140 10.11% m 62
6 Ngh gii lao 103 7.44%
8 Vi phm k lut 24 1.73%
9 Lm tha ng tc 27 1.95%
10 Ngh v ma ro 66 4.77%
Tng cng 1385 100%
S
hiu
Tn phn t
Hao ph lao ng VT sn
phm phn t
Tng cng

Ln QS: 3
Ngi.Pht %
1 Trn, chuyn, ri va 258 18.79% m 1.35
4 Nht mch va 195 14.20% m 75
6 Ngh gii lao 112 8.16%
8 Vi phm k lut 29 2.11%
9 Lm tha ng tc 20 1.46%
10 Ngh v ma ro 0 0.00%
Tng cng 1373 100%
Tng cng
S
hiu
Tn phn t
Hao ph lao ng VT sn
phm phn t

Ln QS: 4
Ngi.Pht %
1 Trn, chuyn, ri va 275 19.02% m 1.25
4 Nht mch va 211 14.59% m 66
6 Ngh gii lao 107 7.40%
8 Vi phm k lut 16 1.11%
9 Lm tha ng tc 23 1.59%
10 Ngh v ma ro 0 0.00%
Tng cng 1446 100%
S
hiu
Tn phn t
Hao ph lao ng VT sn
phm phn t
Tng cng

Ln QS: 5
Ngi.Pht %
1 Trn, chuyn, ri va 259 18.12% m 1.15
4 Nht mch va 166 11.62% m 68
6 Ngh gii lao 70 4.90%
8 Vi phm k lut 13 0.91%
9 Lm tha ng tc 17 1.19%
10 Ngh v ma ro 90 6.30%
Tng cng 1429 100%
Tng cng
S
hiu
Tn phn t
Hao ph lao ng VT sn
phm phn t

3. Chnh l s liu cho cc ln quan st
a. i vi phn t :Trn chuyn ri va.
Ta c bng s liu sau :
Ln quan st S phn t quan st Hao ph lao ng
1 1.08 250
2 1.3 232
3 1.35 258
4 1.25 275
5 1.15 259

Ta c :
1
5
207,11
1,08 1,3 1,35 1, 25 1,15
250 232 258 275 259
t = =
+ + + +
(ng- i pht/m )

b. i vi phn t :Mc Panel vo cn trc.
1 12 104
2 13 129
3 13 131
4 13 129
5 12 115

Ta c :

2
5
9,60
12 13 13 13 12
104 129 131 129 115
t = =
+ + + +
(ng- i pht/ tm)
c. i vi phn t :iu chnh t neo buc
1 12 329
2 12 504
3 12 501
4 12 519
5 13 595

Ta c :
3
5
38, 70
12 12 12 12 13
329 504 501 519 595
t = =
+ + + +
(ng- i pht/tm)

d. i vi phn t :Nht mch va.
1 80 186
2 60 140
3 75 195
4 66 211
5 68 166

Ta c:
4
5
2,54
80 60 75 66 68
186 140 195 211 166
t = =
+ + + +
(ng- i pht/m )

4. Tnh ton nh mc.
4.1. Tnh thi gian tc nghip T
tn
.
Ta tnh thi gian tc nghip da vo cc phn t to sn phm. C 4 phn t
to sn phm trn ta tnh chnh l sau nhiu ln quan st.
Sn phm thu - c sau 5 ln quan st - c biu din nh- sau :
+ Trn chuyn ri va : 6,13 m
3

+ Mc Panel vo cn trc: 63 tm
+ iu chnh, t neo buc: 61 tm
+ Nht mch va: 349 m

V qu trnh sn xut l Lp Panel nn ta ly phn t iu chnh, t neo
buc lm gc.
+/ Xc nh h s chuyn n v:
1
2
3
4
6,13
0,1005
61
63
1, 0328
61
1
349
5, 7213
61
K
K
K
K
= =
= =
=
= =

+/ Thi gian tc nghip :
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
. . . .
0,1005.207,11 1, 0328.9, 60 1.38, 70 5, 7213.2,54
83,96
tn
tn
tn
T K t K t K t K t
T
T
= + + +
= + + +
=

Ng- i pht/ tm panel
Hay T
tn
= 1,40 (Gi cng/tm Panel).

4.2. xc nh cc loi hao ph thi gian trong ca lm
vic.
Theo bi, cc loi hao ph lao ng thu - c t phng php chp nh
ngy lm vic, c th nh- sau:
t
ck
= 6%; t
nggl
= 9%; t
ngtc
: 12%, 11%, 16%, 14%, 13%
Ta c :
1
12 11 16 14 13
13, 2%
5
n
i
i
t
t
n
=
+ + + +
= = =

Lp bng tnh :
12 11 16 14 13
-1.2 -2.2 2.8 0.8 -0.2 0
1.44 4.84 7.84 0.64 0.04 14.8
i
t
i
t t
2
( )
i
t t

2
2
1
( )
14,8
3, 7
1 4
n
i
i
t t
S
n
o
=

= = = =

xc nh xem s ln chp nh ngy lm vic ch- a ta biu din im
A(5 ; 3,7) ln mt phng to c cc - ng th trn hnh v sau :

Ta thy im A nm v bn phi - ng - ng th ng vi c =3%, c ngha
l sai s ca kt qu thc nghim nh hn kt qu cho php. Do rt ra kt
lun :
- S ln chp nh ngy lm vic thc hin l .
- Sai s thc nghim ly bng gi tr c =2,5%.
- c l- ng khong ca t
ngcn
l:
13, 2 0,025.13, 2
ngtc
t t t c = =
Hay [12,87;13,53]
ngtc
t e . Tuy nhin trong tnh ton ta ly gi tr trung bnh
t
ngcn
=13,2%.
4.3. tnh nh mc lao ng
Ta thy t
ngcn
= 13,2% > 10% nn ta phi tn dng thi gian ngng thi cng
cho cng nhn ngh gii lao.
Gi phn tn dng l x (x=1/n; n nguyn d- ng)

min min
. ; 6, 25%
tt
ngtc nggl ngtc nggl nggl
t t x t t t = > =
9 x.13,2 6,25

9 6, 25 2,75 5
13, 2 13, 2 24
x

s = =
Chn
1
5
x =
1
9 .13, 2 6,36% 6, 25%
5
tt
nggl
t = = >

(100 ( ))
(1 )
ngtc tt
ngtc ck nggl
tn ngtc
T
t t t
T x T
= +
+

83,96 13, 2
15, 44
100 ( ) 100 (6 13, 2 9)
tn ngtc
ngtc
ck ngtc nggl
T t
T
t t t

= = =
+ + + +
(ng- i pht/ tm
panel)
15, 44
(100 (6 9)) 13,63%
1
83,96 (1 ).15, 44
5
tt
ngtc
t = + =
+

Do nh mc lao ng l:
M
l
100 83,96 100
113, 44
100 ( ) 100 (6 13, 63 6,36)
tn
tt tt
ck ngtc nggl
T
t t t

= = =
+ + + +
(ng- i pht/
tm panel) hay 1,89 (gi cng/ tm panel)

4.4. tnh n gi nhn cng

Tnh tin l- ng :
Cn c vo Quyt nh 6168/Q-UBND nm 2012 cng b n gi xy dng
cng trnh trn a bn thnh ph H Ni Phn xy dng lp t: Mc l- ng
ti thiu vng tnh trong bng gi nhn cng - c tnh vi mc l- ng p dng
trn a bn vng I ca H Ni l 2.000.000 ng/1 thng theo Ngh nh
70/2011/N-CP ngy 22/08/2011 ca Chnh ph.
T i cng nhn gm 6 ng- i, c cu gm:
+ 1 th bc 2
+ 1 th bc 3
+ 4 th bc 4
H s l- ng, tra theo nhm I - cng nhn xy dng lp ghp cu kin hin
trng, bc 2 l 1,83; bc 3 l 2,16; bc 4 l 2,55.
Ta c tin l- ng c bn - c tnh theo cng thc:
22 8
i i g
bq
i
n L
L
n

=

Trong :+ n
i
l s cng nhn bc i
+ L
i
l thang l- ng ca ngnh XD.
Thay s:
(1 1,83 1 2,16 4 2,55) 2000000
26875
6 22 8
g
bq
L
+ +
= =

(ng/ gi
cng)
n gi cng nhn bnh qun :

b
ng
=L
g
bq
x M
l
= 26.875 x 1,89 = 50.794 (ng/ gi cng)

Tnh tin cng :
TC=TL .( 1+P )
Trong :+ TL l tin l- ng c bn
+ P l cc khon ph cp theo tin l- ng .
Theo bng l- ng A6 theo n gi xy dng khu vc H ni ta c cc khon
ph cp sau:
+ Ph cp l- u ng: 20% tin l- ng ti thiu
+ Ph cp khng n nh sn xut: 10% tin l- ng c bn
+ Mt s khon l- ng ph: 12% tin l- ng c bn
+ Mt s khon chi ph c th khon trc tip cho ng- i lao ng: 4%
tin l- ng c bn
+ Ph cp lm vic ngoi tri: 5% tin l- ng ti thiu
+ Tin n tr- a: 120.000/ng- i/thng
Vy tin cng l:
TC = 26.875x(1+0,1+0,12+0,04)x22x8 + (0,2+0,05)x2.000.000 + 120.000
TC = 6.579.800 (ng/ng- i/ thng)

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