CHNG DN NHP I.T VN II.GII HN TI III.MC CH NGHIN CU IV.MC CH YU CU V.

V.THI GIAN THC HIN CHNG II: L THUYT MCH CHNH LU CHNG III:VI MCH TAO. XUNG DUNG 555 I.GII THIU IC 555. II.MCH A HA PHI N DNG IC 555. CHNG IV:PHN TCH- THIT K I.S NGUYN L.. II.PHN TCH THIT K.. 1.MCH CHNH LU .. 3.MCH N N S DNG IC556 4.CC THNG S CA MCH III.THI CNG MCH CHNG IV:KT LUN

CHNG DN NHP
I. t vn : ng c in mt chiu l ng c in hot ng vi dng in mt chiu. ng c in mt chiu ng dng rng ri trong cc ng dng dn dng cng nh cng nghip. Thng thng ng c in mt chiu ch chy mt tc duy nht khi ni vi ngun in, tuy nhin vn c th iu khin tc v chiu quay ca ng c vi s h tr ca cc mch in t Nhng mch in t c thit k nh th no diu chnh tc ca ng c ? tr li cu hi trn th nhm xin gii thiu mt mch diu chnh tc ng c kh hiu qu s dng IC555 II. Gii hn ti: Do thi gian nghin cu v trnh cn hn ch nn ni dung trnh by trong phn n in t cng sut ch trnh by ni dung iu chnh tc ng c C 2 phng php thay i tc ca ng c l : -Thay i tc ng c bng phng php thay i dng in - Thay i tc ng c bng phng php thay i in p( rng xung-pmw) Trong phn ny tp trung nghin cu phng php thay i tc ng c bng phng php thay i in p t ln ng c C rt nhiu mch thay i tc ng c , trong phn ny xin gii thiu mch thay i tc ng c dng IC555 III. Mc ch nghin cu: Mc ch hng u ca mch thay i tc ng c dng ic 555 l nghin cu mch ng dng IC555 thay i in p ng ra t thay i tc quay ca ng c Qua qu trnh nghin cu mch cng to iu kin cho sinh vin h thng li nhng kin thc hc trong b mn in t cng sut qua thy c tm quan trng ca mn hc ny , ng thi gp phn nng cao kh nng ng dng nhng g hc ca sinh vin vo thc tin IV. Mc ch yu cu : Thit k mch in dng thay i tc ng c v o chiu quay

CHNG I I: L THUYT MCH CHNH LU

I.Khi nim v chnh lu: Mt mch chnh lu l mt mch in bao gm cc linh kin in - in t, dng bin i dng in xoay chiu thnh dng in mt chiu.Mch chnh lu c th c s dng trong cc b ngun cung cp dng in mt chiu, hoc trong cc mch tch sng tn hiu v tuyn in trong cc thit b v tuyn. Phn t tch cc trong mch chnh lu c th l cc it bn dn, cc n chnh lu thy ngn hoc cc linh kin khc. Khi ch dng mt it n l chnh lu dng in xoay chiu, bng cch kha khng cho phn dng hoc phn m ca dng sng i qua mch in, th mch chnh lu c gi l chnh lu na chu k hay chnh lu na sng. Trong cc b ngun mt chiu ngi ta hay s dng cc mch chnh lu nhiu it (2 hoc 4 it) vi cc cch sp xp khc nhau c th bin i t xoay chiu thnh mt chiu bng phng hn trng hp s dng mt it ring l. Trc khi cc it bn dn pht trin, ngi ta cn dng cc mch chnh lu s dng n in t chn khng, n chnh lu thy ngn, cc dy bn dn a tinh th seleni Cc my thu thanh v tuyn u tin, ngi ta gi l cc my tinh th, dng mt si ru mo hoc mt kim nhn tip xc nh vo mt im trn mt khi tinh th galena (sunpht ch) to ra mt it tip im, hoc mt b tch sng tinh th. Trong h thng sy t kh, cc b pht hin la c th dng. Hai in cc trong mt v bc kn c th sn sinh ra dng in v c th chnh lu c mt dng in xoay chiu, nhng ch khi chng nhn thy ngn la 1.Mch chnh lu na sng Mt mch chnh lu na sng ch mt trong na chu k dng hoc m c th d dng i ngang qua it, trong khi na kia s b kha, ty thuc vo chiu lp t ca it. V ch c mt na chu k c chnh lu, nn mch chnh lu na sng c hiu sut truyn cng sut rt thp. Mch hnh lu na sng c th lp bng ch mt i t bn dn trong cc mch ngun mt pha.

I.

Mch chnh lu ton sng:

Mch chnh lu ton sng bin i c hai thnh phn cc tnh ca dng sng u vo thnh mt chiu. Do n c hiu sut cao hn. Tuy nhin trong mch in khng c im gia ca bin p ngi ta s cn n 4 it thay v mt nh trong mch chnh lu na sng. iu ny
3

c ngha l u cc ca in p ra s cn n 2 it chnh lu, th d nh 1 cho trng hp im X dng, v 1 cho trng hp im X m. u ra cn li cng cn chnh xc nh th, kt qu l phi cn n 4 it. Cc it dng cho kiu ni ny gi l cu chnh lu.

B chnh lu ton sng bin i c 2 na chu k thnh mt in p u ra c mt chiu duy nht: dng (hoc m) v n chuyn hng i ca dng in ca na chu k m (hoc dng)ca dng sng xoay chiu. Na cn li s kt hp vi na kia thnh mt in p chnh lu hon chnh. i vi ngun xoay chiu mt pha, nu dng bin p c im gia, ch cn 2 it ni u lng vi nhau (ngha l anode-vi-anode hoc cathode-vi-cathode)c th thnh mt mch chnh lu ton sng.

II.

Chnh lu cu 1 pha c t lc

Cc i t trong mch chnh lu cu t nhin t khi chng b hng, chng ch hng khi in p 300V DC b chp, khi dng qua i t tng cao lm cho i t b chp hoc t.

in p AC 220V u vo c hai cc, mt cc tip t c gi tr 0V, cc kia c hai pha m v dng o chiu lin tc. - Khi cc trn c pha dng, dng in s i t +220V qua i t D2 => qua R ti => qua D4 ri tr v 0V - Khi cc trn c pha m, dng in i t 0V i qua i t D3 => qua R ti => qua D1 ri tr v in p -220V => Trong mi pha in ch c hai i t mc i xng hot ng, hai i t kia tm thi tt. Nu mt i t bt k b t hoc c hai i t i din b t th in p u ra c dng nhp nh tha cch qung

III.

Datasheet ca diode

IV.

Datasheet ca ic n p

I.

Mch a hi qo xung vung dng ic 555: 1. Mch phi n c bn:

2. IC 555 l mt loi linh kin kh l ph bin by gi vi vic d dng to c xung vung v c th thay i tn s ty thch, vi s mch n gin,iu ch c rng xung. N c ng dng hu ht vo cc mch to xung ng ct hay l nhng mch dao ng khc. y l linh kin ca hng CMOS sn xut .

IC 555 3. Cc thng s c bn ca IC 555 c trn th trng : + in p u vo : 2 - 18V ( Ty tng loi ca 555 : LM555, NE555, NE7555..) + Dng in cung cp : 6mA - 15mA + in p logic mc cao : 0.5 - 15V + in p logic mc thp : 0.03 - 0.06V + Cng sut ln nht l : 600mW 4. * Cc chc nng ca 555: + L thit b to xung chnh xc + My pht xung + iu ch c rng xung (PWM) + iu ch v tr xung (PPM) (Hay dng trong thu pht hng ngoi) 5. S chn IC555:

s chn IC555
9

+ Chn s 1(GND): cho ni GND ly dng cp cho IC hay chn cn gi l chn chung. + Chn s 2(TRIGGER): y l chn u vo thp hn in p so snh v c dng nh 1 chn cht hay ng vo ca 1 tn so p.Mch so snh y dng cc transitor PNP vi mc in p chun l 2/3Vcc. + Chn s 3(OUTPUT): Chn ny l chn dng ly tn hiu ra logic. Trng thi ca tn hiu ra c xc nh theo mc 0 v 1. 1 y l mc cao n tng ng vi gn bng Vcc nu (PWM=100%) v mc 0 tng ng vi 0V nhng m trong thc t mc 0 ny ko c 0V m n trong khong t (0.35 ->0.75V) . + Chn s 4(RESET): Dng lp nh mc trng thi ra. Khi chn s 4 ni masse th ng ra mc thp. Cn khi chn 4 ni vo mc p cao th trng thi ng ra ty theo mc p trn chn 2 v 6.Nhng m trong mch to c dao ng thng hay ni chn ny ln VCC. + Chn s 5(CONTROL VOLTAGE): Dng lm thay i mc p chun trong IC 555 theo cc mc bin p ngoi hay dng cc in tr ngoi cho ni GND. Chn ny c th khng ni cng c nhng m gim tr nhiu ngi ta thng ni chn s 5 xung GND thng qua t in t 0.01uF n 0.1uF cc t ny lc nhiu v gi cho in p chun c n nh. + Chn s 6(THRESHOLD) : l mt trong nhng chn u vo so snh in p khc v cng c dng nh 1 chn cht. + Chn s 7(DISCHAGER) : c th xem chn ny nh 1 kha in t v chu iu khin bi tng logic ca chn 3 .Khi chn 3 mc p thp th kha ny ng li.ngc li th n m ra. Chn 7 t np x in cho 1 mch R-C lc IC 555 dng nh 1 tng dao ng . + Chn s 8 (Vcc): Khng cn ni cng bt l chn cung cp p v dng cho IC hot ng. Khng c chn ny coi nh IC cht. N c cp in p t 2V -->18V (Ty tng loi 555 thp nht l con NE7555) 6. Cu to bn trong v nguyn tc hot ng: 7. -Cu to:

10

cu to bn trong IC 555 Nhn trn s cu to trn ta thy cu trc ca 555 gm : 2 con OPAM, 3 con in tr, 1 transitor, 1 FF ( y l FF RS): - 2 OP-amp c tc dng so snh in p - Transistor x in. - Bn trong gm 3 in tr mc ni tip chia in p VCC thnh 3 phn. Cu to ny to nn in p chun. in p 1/3 VCC ni vo chn dng ca Op-amp 1 v in p 2/3 VCC ni vo chn m ca Op-amp 2. Khi in p chn 2 nh hn 1/3 VCC, chn S = [1] v FF c kch. Khi in p chn 6 ln hn 2/3 VCC, chn R ca FF = [1] v FF c reset. Cu phn p gm 3 in tr 5k ni t ngun vcc xung mass cho ra hai in p chun l 1/3 vcc v 2/3 vcc Opamp (1) l mch khuych i so snh c ng In nhn in p chun 2/3 vcc, cn ng In th ni ra ngoi chn 6. Ty thuc in p ca chn 6 so vi in p chun 2/3 vcc m opamp(1) c in p ra mc cao hay mc thp lm tn hiu R(Reset), iu khin flipflop Opamp(2) l mch khuych i so snh c ng In nhn in p chun 1/3 vcc , cn ng In th ni ra ngoi chn 2. Ty thuc in p ca chn 2 so vi in p chun 1/3 vcc m

11

opamp (2) c ng ra mc thp hay mc cao iu khin tn hiu S (Set) ,iu khin flipflop Mch flip-flop l mch lng n kch mt bn .khi chn set c mc in p cao th in p ny kch i trng thi ca flip-flop ng Q ln mc cao v ng ra Q c mc thp .khi ng Set ang mc cao xung mc thp th mch flip-flop khng i trng thi khi chn R c in p cao th din p ny kch i trng thi ca flip-flop lm ng Q ln mc cao v ng ra Q xung mc thp. khi ng Reset ang mc cao xung thp th mch flip-flop khng i trng thi Mch output l mch khuych i ng ra tng khuych i dng cp cho ti . y l mch khuych i o c ng vo l chn Q ca flip-flop nn khi ng vo Q mc cao th ng ra chn 3 s c mc thp v ngc li Transistor T1 c chn E ni vi in p chun 1,4 v ,l loi transistor PNP, cc B ni ra ngoi bi chn 4 c in p cao hn 1,4 v th T1 ngng dn , nn T1 khng nh hng g dn mch . khi chn 4 c in tr nh thch hp ni mass th T1 dn bo ha ng thi lm mch output dn bo ha v ng ra xung thp. chn 4 cn gi l chn reset c ngha l n reset ic 555 bt chp tnh trng ng vo khc . Do chn 4 dng kt thc xung ra sm khi cn. nu khng dung chc nng reset th ni chn 4 vi vcc d trnh mch b reset do nhiu Transistor T2 c cc C d h ni ra chn 7. Do cc B c phn cc bi mc in p Q nn khi Q mc cao th T2 bo ha v cc C coi nh ni mass . Lc ng ra chn 3 cng mc thp. khi Q mc thp th T2 ngng dn cc C ca T2 xem nh b h.lc ng ra chn 3 mc cao.

8. -Nguyn tc hot ng:

12

Nguyn l hot ng trn mch trn ta bt l H l mc cao v n gn bng Vcc v L l mc thp v n bng 0V. S dng pc FF - RS Khi S = [1] th Q = [1] v = Q- = [ 0]. Sau , khi S = [0] th Q = [1] v =Q- = [0]. Khi R = [1] th = [1] v Q = [0]. Khi S = [1] th Q = [1] v khi R = [1] th Q = [0] bi v Q-= [1], transisitor m dn, cc C ni t. Cho nn in p khng np vo t C, in p chn 6 khng vt qu V2. Do li ra ca Op-amp 2 mc 0, FF khng reset. Khi mi ng mch, t C np qua Ra, Rb, vi thi hng (Ra+Rb)C. * T C np t in p 0V -> Vcc/3: - Lc ny V+1(V+ ca Opamp1) > V-1. Do O1 (ng ra ca Opamp1) c mc logic 1(H). - V+2 < V-2 (V-2 = 2Vcc/3) . Do O2 = 0(L). - R = 0, S = 1 --> Q = 1, /Q (Q o) = 0. - Q = 1 --> Ng ra = 1. - /Q = 0 --> Transistor hi tip khng dn. * T C tip t np t in p Vcc/3 -> 2Vcc/3: - Lc ny, V+1 < V-1. Do O1 = 0. - V+2 < V-2. Do O2 = 0. - R = 0, S = 0 --> Q, /Q s gi trng thi trc (Q=1, /Q=0). - Transistor vn ko dn ! * T C np qua ngng 2Vcc/3: - Lc ny, V+1 < V-1. Do O1 = 0. - V+2 > V-2. Do O2 = 1. - R = 1, S = 0 --> Q=0, /Q = 1. - Q = 0 --> Ng ra o trng thi = 0. - /Q = 1 --> Transistor dn, in p trn chn 7 xung 0V ! - T C x qua Rb. Vi thi hng Rb.C - in p trn t C gim xung do t C x, lm cho in p t C nhy xung di 2Vcc/3. * T C tip tc "X" t in p 2Vcc/3 --> Vcc/3: - Lc ny, V+1 < V-1. Do O1 = 0. - V+2 < V-2. Do O2 = 0. - R = 0, S = 0 --> Q, /Q s gi trng thi trc (Q=0, /Q=1). - Transistor vn dn ! * T C x qua ngng Vcc/3: - Lc ny V+1 > V-1. Do O1 = 1. - V+2 < V-2 (V-2 = 2Vcc/3) . Do O2 = 0. - R = 0, S = 1 --> Q = 1, /Q (Q o) = 0. - Q = 1 --> Ng ra = 1.
13

- /Q = 0 --> Transistor khng dn -> chn 7 khng = 0V na v t C li c np in vi in p ban u l Vcc/3. Ni tm li cc bn c nn hiu l : Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng ca 555, in p trn t C ch dao ng quanh in p Vcc/3 -> 2Vcc/3. (Xem dng c tnh t in phng np trn) - Khi np in, t C np in vi in p ban u l Vcc/3, v kt thc np thi im in p trn C bng 2Vcc/3.Np in vi thi hng l (Ra+Rb)C. - Khi x in, t C x in vi in p ban u l 2Vcc/3, v kt thc x thi im in p trn C bng Vcc/3. X in vi thi hng l Rb.C. - Thi gian mc 1 ng ra chnh l thi gian np in, mc 0 l x in. 9. Cng thc tnh tn s iu ch rng xung ca 555:

10. iu ch rng xung Nhn vo s mch trn ta c cng thc tnh tn s , rng xung. + Tn s ca tn hiu u ra l : f = 1/(ln2.C.(R1 + 2R2))

+ Chu k ca tn hiu u ra : t = 1/f + Thi gian xung mc H (1) trong mt chu k : t1 = ln2 .(R1 + R2).C

14

+ Thi gian xung mc L (0) trong 1 chu k : t2 = ln2.R2.C

NH vy trn l cng thc tng qut ca 555. Ti ly 1 v d nh l : to c xung dao ng l f = 1.5Hz . u tin ti c chn hai gi tr c trng l R1 v C2 sau ta tnh c R1. Theo cch tnh ton trn th ta chn : C = 10nF, R1 =33k --> R2 = 33k (Tnh ton theo cng thc)
VCC

Ra
8 4 RST

U1 7 Rb 6 2

DSCHG

VCC

GND

THR TRG

OUT
CV

3 R1 1,2K

C2 NE555
1 5

D1 LED 0,01uF

0 0

Hnh.b y l mch ng dng ic 555 dng lm mch a hi phi n to xung vung Trong mch , chn ngng (Threshold) s 6 c ni vi chn ny (trigger) s 2 , nn hai chn ny c chung in p l in p trn t C, so vi in p chun l 2/3 v 1/3 bi opamp (1) v opamp(2) ,chn 5 c t nh .1uF ni mass lc nhiu tn s cao c th lm nh hng n in p chun 2/3vcc Chn 4 ni vi ngun +Vcc nn khng dng chc nng reset, chn 7 x in c ni vo gia 2 in tr Ra v Rb to ng x in cho t to ng x in cho t ,ng ra chn 3 c in tr gii hn dng 1,2K v led biu hin mc in p ra ch c th dng trong trng
15

hp tn s dao ng c tr s thp t 20Hztro73 xung v tn s cao hn 40Hz , trng thi sng tt ca led kh c th nhn bit bng mt thng . phn tch nguyn l ca mch cn phi hp mch ng dng hnh.a v himh2.b. 11. Phn tch mch Khi mi ng in th t np t 0 ln : - Op amp (1) c V+ < V- nn R c mc thp(R=0) - Op amp(2) c V+ > V- nn ng s c mc cao (S=1) - Mch F/F c ng S=1 ,R=0 nn Q=1 v Q=0 . lc ng ra chn 3 c mc cao - Transistor T2 c VB =0 nn ngng dn v t C np in vi thi gian np l : T nap=0.69(Ra+Rb).C Khi p trn t tng n mc 1/3vcc th opamp (2) i trng thi, ng S= 0 . Khi S xung thp th F/F khng i trng thi nn in p ng ra vn mc cao Khi in p trn t tng n 2/3vcc th opamp(1) i trng thi, ng R mc cao(R=1) Mch F/F c R=1 nn Q=1 v ng ra chn 3 c in p thp . khi ng T2 dn bo ha v chn 7 ni mass ngn t c np in m phi x in qua RB qua T2 xung mass . T C x in vi hng s thi gian l : T x=0.69.Rb.C Khi in p trn t gim xung di 2/3 vcc th opamp(1) i trng thi R=0 . khi R xung mc thp th F/F khng i trng thi nn in p ng ra vn mc thp.khi in p trn t gim xung n mc 1/3 vcc th opamp(2) i trng thi tc S=1 . nn ng ra chn 3 c mc cao . ng thi T2 mt phn cc nn ngng dn v chm dt giai on x ca t. nh vy mch li tr li trng thi ban u v tip tc np ln t mc in p l 1/3vcc ln n 2/3 vcc. Hin tng trn s tip din lin tc v tun hon. Lu : Khi mi m in t C s t 0V ln 2/3Vcc ri sau t x in l 2/3Vcc xung 1/3 Vcc ch khng x xung 0V .nhng chu k sau ,t s t t 1/3Vcc ln 2/3Vcc ch khng np t 0 na. Thi gian t np l thi gian Vo=+Vcc, led sng . thi gian t x l thi gian Vo=0V,led tt. Thi gian t np v x c tnh theo cng thc : Thi gian np : T np =0,69.(Ra+Rb)C Thi gian x: T x = 0,69.Rb.C
16

in p ng ra chn 3 c dng hnh vung vi chu k l : T = T np + T x Do thi gian np v thi gian x khng bng nhau (T np > T x) nn tn hiu hnh vung ra khng i xng . Tn s ca tn hiu hnh vung l : F = 1 / T = 1 / (0,69.(Ra+2Rb).C) 3.Dng sng ra ti cc chn:

Hnh.c Hnh c l dng in p ti cc chn 2-6,chn 7 v chn 3,trong khong thi gian in p tng l thi gian t np ,khong thi gian in p gim l thi gian t x. khi kho st dng in p ti cc chn cn lu :khi mi m in th t C s np t 0V ln n 2/3Vcc ,nhng khi x ch x n 1/3Vcc. tnh chu k ca tn hiu , ngi ta ch tnh cc ln np sau ch khng xt cc ln np u tin. Khi t np th chn 7 c in p cao hn 2-6,nhng khi t x th chn 7 gim nhanh xung 0V-do T2 trong Ic chy bo ha ch khng gim theo hm s m trn t C.

17

VCC

Ra

VCC

Rb D2 DIODE 6 2

DSCHG

RST
OUT 3 R1 1,2K

GND

THR TRG

C2 NE555

CV

U1

D1 LED 0,01uF

0 0

Khi c diot D ,thi gian t C np lm diot phn cc thun c in tr rt nh nn coi nh ni tt Rb. Thi gian np in ca t c tnh theo cng thc : Tnp =0,69RaC Khi t C x in th diot c phn cc ngc nn t vn x in qua Rb . thi gian x in ca t c tnh theo cng thc : T x =0,69.Rb.C Nu chn tr s Ra bng Rb th mch s to ra tn hiu hnh vung i xng . Thc ra ,trong mch in hnh.c khi t np dng in qua Ra v in tr thun ca diot, nn thi gian np vn ln hn thi gian x mt t

18

CHNG IV. PHN TCH - THIT K

I.

S ngyn l :
U1 VIN

D1

D2 C4 C

LM7812/TO

GND

OUT

R4

S1

1k

Q1

Q3 Q2SC1815

D3

D4

Q2SC1815

0
R5 1k MG1

R1

R3

14

RST

VCC

DSCHG

13 5 12

GND

RST

1 R2 1k 2 6

10

1k U2

0U3

MOTOR SERVO R7 9

DSCHG THR

OUT

OUT

S2

1k R6

Q2

Q4 Q2SC1815

THR TRG NE555

TRG

CV

C5 C

CV

Q2SC1815 1k

NE555

C3 C C1 1n

0
C2 1n

11

0 0 0

II.Nguyn l hot ng: Khi mi cp ngun cho mch in p xoay chiu qua mch chnh lu s chuyn thnh dng 1 chiu n nh c tr s l 12 V. in p 12V ny s phn cc cho in tr 15k v 1k lm cho mch a hi phi n hot ng. ng thi in p ny cng s phn cc cho mch a hi n n sn sng hot ng khi c xung m kch vo t mch a hi phi n. Khi c xung m kch vo mch a hi n n t mch a hi phi n th ng ra ca mch a hi n n s c xung dng ra , rng xung dng ng ra khng ph thuc vo rng ca xung m m ph thuc vo cc linh kin trong mch (tc l ph thuc vo bin tr 10K v t 1uf ) . Khi c xung dng ng ra mch a hi n n th n s iu khin lm cho BJT dn cho dng in i qua motor lm motor hot ng.

19

III.Phn tch thit k : 1. Mch chnh lu Trong s d trn ta s dng IC556 vi 2 mc ch l : Mch 1 l mch a hi phi n to ra xung vung kch khi cho mch 2 Mch 2 l mch a hi n n vi mc ch l iu chnh rng xung dng ng ra thng qua bin tr

Do mch s sng in p DC 12v nn phi c mch chnh lu t in p xoay chiu mt pha sang in p DC12v

D6 1 D1 1N4007 D3 3

C6 1000uF D2 1N4007 D4 1N4007

1N4007

7812

0 0

Mch chnh lu

Trong mch chnh lu trn gm 4 diot ghp li vi nhau thnh 1 cu diot vi mc ch l chnh lu dng in xoay chiu thnh dng in 1 chiu nhng dng din mt chiu ng ra ca cu diot vn cn nhp nh cha c phng (hnh 1)

20

 dng in dc phng ta c th mc thm t c tr s l 1000uF v TL7812 to ra din p 12Vdc ng ra. Nh vy t din p xoay chiu mt pha ng vo ta x l thng qua mch chnh lu d thu c din p 1 chiu 12v ng ra 2.Mch a hi phi n s dng ic 556(mch 1):
VCC

R1 15K

14 VCC

U2A 1 R3 1K

DSCHG

RST
OUT

2 6

THRES TRG

NE556

3
C2 0,01uF

C1 1uF

Vi nguyn l hot ng c gii thiu chng II ta c dng sng mt s chn nh sau : Dng sng chn 5:

CV
0

21

V8

t
Mc ch ca mch trn l kch khi cho mch da hi phi n pha sau khi c in p thp ng ra 3.Mch n n s dng ic 556(mch 2):

22

VCC

RV1 10K

10

U1A

GND

OUT

13 12

DSCHG
TRG

THRES
CV 3

C4 1uF

NE556
8

RST

0 0

C3 0,01uF

Vi nguyn l dc gii thch chng II , ta c mt s dng sng cc chn khi c din p thp kch vo chn 8 t mch a hi phi n

V8

23

V9

4.Cc thng s ca mch: Khi mi cp in th t np theo hm m ng thi vi thi gian t np l ng ra chn 5 c xung dng . vy thi gian xung dng tn ti ng ra c tnh theo cng thc: T np =0,69.16.10^-3 =0,01104(s) Khi t x th in p ng ra c mc thp v thi gian tn ti ca mc thp ng ra l: T x =0.69.1.10^-3 = 6,9.10^-4(s) Nh vy chu k xung vung chn 5 l: T=0,01104+6,9.10^-4 =0,01173 (s) Khi c xung m kch vo chn 8 th ng ra chn 9 c mc in p cao ,thi gian xung dng tn ti ng ra ph thuc vo bin tr theo cng thc: T x =1.1.RT.1.10^-6

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V8

V9

t
Nh vy khi c xung m kch khi vo chn 8 th ng ra chn 9 s c mc in p cao qua cu phn th phn cc cho TRANSISTOR dn . Transistor c cng dng nh l mt cng tc iu khin cho ng c. Nh vy thng qua bin tr RT ta c th iu chnh c in p t vo ng c v tc ca n hon ton ph thuc vo cch iu chnh bin tr. Nu chn bin r c gi tr l 10 K th dng sng nh sau: T x=1,1.10.10^-3=0,011(s)

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V8

V9

t
Nu chnh bin tr n mc ti a th in p trung bnh cc i t ln ti l:
1 0,01173
0 , 011

12.dt =11,3(v)
0

Tn s hot ng ca mch :
1 f= 0,01173 =85,3(Hz)

Datasheet ca TIP31

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II.

Thi cng mch:

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KT LUN: Nh vy trong qu trnh phn tch v thi cng mch nhm nghin cu phn ln nhng vn ct li ca ti,nhng do thi gian nghin cu v kin thc cn hn ch nn khng trnh khi s thiu st mong qu thy c v cc bn nhit tnh ng gp kin n c hon chnh hn . Chng ta c th m rng v pht trin ti thng qua vic iu chnh tc ng c xoay chiu, ng c 3 pha

TI LIU KHAM KHO

-VI MCH V MCH TO SNG-TNG VN ON -GIO TRNH K THUT XUNG CN BN V NNG CAO -GIO TRNH IN T CNG SUT -Cc trang web: Google.com.vn Alldatasheet.com.vn Ebook.com

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