DUNG CU THUY TINH

Mc tiu:
1. M t cc loi DCTT thng dng, cach s dng cc loi DCTT. 3. Thao tc ng qui trnh s dng, ra cc DCTT. 4. Kim tra-hiu chun c DCTT

Ni dung:
I.DNG C THU TINH: 1. Bnh cha:
C nhiu hnh dng,kch thc khc nhau. Dng pha ho cht, thuc nhum, thuc th, ng mi trng. Mt s loai hay c s dung: Bnh nn, cc c m, bnh cu, cc c chn, chu nhum mu, hp petri

2. Dng c ong th tch:

ng ong chia : ng dung: Dng ong cc cht lng khng cn phai co
chinh xac cao.

c im:
Thn ng chia vch, ming c mo d rt, c loi c np y ong cc dd d bay hi. Thn ng ong cng ln th chnh xc cng km. C nhiu loai tng ng vi cac th tich khac nhau. Trn c ng ong c ghi 20oC nhit tiu chun ong th tch chnh xc nht n vch qui nh.

S dung:
Chon ng ong co th tich gn nht vi th tich cn ong. dd cn ong th tch vo ng ong gn sat vch . t ng ong trn mt bn bng phng. Dng pipet nh git, nh dd n ng vch, ngang tm mt. 4- dd vo l trng ra ng ong.

Cach oc:
dd khng mu th y ca vng khum trng vi vch cn ong

dd co mu th ming ca vng khum trng vi vch cn ong (mt thong cht lng to ra mt vng khum lm)

Bnh nh mc (bnh c ngn):

ng dung: Dung pha cc dd chun, dd mu cn CX cao. c im: Bnh thu tinh dng bu trn, y phng, c nh v di. Trn c c ngn khoang trn nh du dung tch nht nh ca bnh nhit 20oC. C nhiu loai, thng s dng c 5 ml - 5 lt pha ch cc dd c nng chnh xc. C th c nt nhm, nt thu tinh mi pha cc dd bay hi hoc nut nha

Cach s dung :
Chon BM co th tich gn nht vi th tich cn ong va t trn mt phng ngang vi mt Pha ho cht vi mt lng dung mi trong mt cc thu tinh.
(Cht d tan c th cho thng vo bnh v thm dung mi vo).

vo bnh nh mc tip dung mi gn n vch. Dng pipet nho giot t t dung mi cho ti vch . Lc trn u, rt dd va pha vo, l sch. Ra bnh nh mc. Ch : Khng cho dd qu nng , qu lnh vo bnh nh mc v ng ong.

Cach oc:
dd khng mu th y ca vng khum trng vi vch cn ong

dd co mu th ming ca vng khum trng vi vch cn ong (mt thong cht lng to ra mt vng khum lm)

Pipet:
ng dung: Dung ong, hut dung dd co chinh xac cao

Pipet chia (ng ht chia ):

c im: Pha u c ghi th tch ton phn v th tch gia cc vch . Loi chia n tn cng: khi dng loi pipet ny ta phi th ht mi th tch ghi trn pipet. Loi chia khng tn cng: khi dng loi pipet ny ta khng th ht m ch n vch qui nh ng th tch ton phn ghi trn thn pipet.

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Pipet bu:
c im: Pipet bu 2 ngn: dung tch ca pipet tnh t ngn trn n ngn di. Dung tch c o chnh xc v ghi trn bu pipet nhit 200 C ghi trn pipet
(dng loi pipet ny chnh xc nht).

Pipet bu 1 ngn: dung tch ca pipet tnh t ngn trn n u pipet .

Khi pipet b st pha u th th tch s khng chnh xc na..

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Cach s dng:
Ht dd vo pipet bng qu bp. Cm pipet thng ng, ngang mt iu chnh cht lng n vch "O" Th dd vo bnh hoc ng nghim n vch cn dng (pipet cm thng ng, ng nghim cm nghing, u pipet t vo thnh ng nghim)

Ch : Nhng pipet c ghi ch EX hoc TD khng c trng khi dng Nhng pipet c ghi ch IN hoc TC phi trng t nht 1 ln. Nhng pipet c ghi ch Blowoat phi thi ht khi s dng.

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Cach oc: dd khng mu th y ca vng khum trng vi vch cn ong

dd co mu th ming ca vng khum trng vi vch cn ong (mt thong cht lng to ra mt vng khum lm)
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Pipet t ng- Micropipet:

ng dung: Dng ht bnh phm, mu dd co th tich rt nho va chinh xac .

c im: Thng lam bng nha, c nhng nc vn khc nhau iu chnh th tch theo mun. C u nha (u cn) lp vo khi s dng. S dng n v o l "microlit" vit tt l L Thng c hai loi:
Loi 1: c th tch c nh: 1000l, 500ml, 100l, 10l Loi 2: c th tch thay i: thng dng l: 1000 -200l. 50 -5l. 200 -1l.

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Cach s dng:

Xoay nm iu chnh v s th tch cn ht. Lp u nha-u cn vo (u cn phi kh, sch va nn dng mt ln). Ht t t dung dch vo u nha. Th nhanh vo ng nghim (khng dnh git dung dch trong u nha) Ngm u nha vo cc ng cloramin B 5%. Khi s dng trnh tao bt kh lm mt chnh xc.

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Buret:
ng dung: Dng o th tch khi nh lng-hay dung chu yu trong chun xac inh nng cac cht.

c im: Ging nh pipet chia nhng c kho trn thn. C gi , phi kim tra ch nhn ca vi kho cho git thot ra ln hn th tch gia 2 vch. C loi vi buret chia nh l 0,05ml = 50l.

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Cach s dng:
Kim tra kho buret (kho phi trn v kht, khi nc khng b d nc kho) Trng buret bng nc ct. Trng buret bng dd nh dng. dd ln qu vch "O" ca buret. Xa khi trong buret iu chinh dd trong buret v vch "O"(hng cc c m di). Khi chun - m kho cho dd chy nh git t t. Mt theo di s chuyn mu ca dd cn nh lng.

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Cach s dng (tip):

Khi t yu cu: vn cht kho, buret thng ng - c - ghi V. Cho chy ht dd cn li vo bnh cha tho kho. Trng ra buret bng nc ct. Chp mt m giy ln ming buret su chng 5cm trnh bi.

Ch : -Mc c u tin ca dd nn bt u t s "O". -Khng nn cho vao buret dd qua nong hoc lanh

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Cach oc: dd khng mu th y ca vng khum trng vi vch cn ong

dd co mu th ming ca vng khum trng vi vch cn ong (mt thong cht lng to ra mt vng khum lm)
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ng nh git chun (pipet pasteur):

ng dung: Dng ht cc cht lng ri nh dn ra tng git.

c im: ng thuy tinh, mt u bt mt ci m caosu, u kia c l nh. Co loai c np qu bp cao su nh khi ht 20 git tng ng bng 1ml; 1 git = 0,05ml = 50l. Co th lam bng nha

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Cach s dng:

Ht dd vo ng nh git bng qu bp nh. Cm pipet thng ng nh git ( c bt kh phi y ht bt kh ra v ht li).

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4. Dng c lm tiu bn:

4.1. Lam knh: l mt mnh knh hnh ch nht,kch thc thng: 8 x2,5cm, trong sut dng n t git bnh phm a ln KHV. 4.2. Lam ko: n l lam knh nhng mt u c vt 2 gc dng dn mu (lm cho mu khng b trn ra pha ngoi lam knh). 4.3. Lamen: c loi mng hoc dy hnh vung kch thc l 20 x 20mm dng y bung m, y bnh phm khi soi KHV vt knh 40X

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Cc ng nghim: ng dung: dung cha ng dd vi dung tich nho, nui cy VSV trn MT long/thach th cac tinh cht sinh vt

c im: Co nhiu loi khc nhau to, nh, c np hoc khng c np... C loi ng nghim dng ly tm vi tc vng cao (ng nghim dy, ng nghim nha, ng nghim tht y)

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Cc dng c khc:
Ngoi cc dng c trn, cc dng c thu tinh c lin quan ti KN nh: phu thu tinh. mt knh ng h. bnh ht m. Binh tia nc ct Phu thuy tinh. Binh loc chn khng

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II.RA V BO QUN DNG C THU TINH: 1.Ra bnh cha (bnh nn, bnh cu).

Dng c mi:
Ngm dng c vo dung dch HCl 2% /dd H2SO4 loang trong 24gi. Ra lai bng xa phong bng nc thng cho n khi pH trung tinh trng mt ln bng nc ct hoc nc kh cht khong. Sy kh nhit 60 oC sau o ct ni kh mat/bao goi em i kh trung

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Dng c bn:

Hp tit khun. Ra s b 2 ln bng nc thng. Ngm trong dd kim (2 tha bt kim trong 1lt nc) khong 2-3 gi dng chi lng c ra. Ra k bng nc thng - ngm trong nc 30 pht. Trng li bng nc kh cht khong hay nc ct - dc ngc dng c trn gi hay r nha. Sy kh nhit 600C. y nt bng bng m trnh bi hoc vo t m.

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2. Ra pipet , buret:

Sau khi dng xong ra ngay di vi nc. Nu pipet bn phi ngm trong ng ng dd sulfocromic trong 24 gi. Nu l buret bn y dung dch sulfocromic ra k di vi nc ngm nc 30 pht trng nc ct sy kh 60oC. Khi dng c dnh hp cht hu c phi ngm dd cn Kali 10%. Trng hp pipet, buret t th phi trng 2-3 ln bng dd nh dng.

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3. Cch pha dung dch sulfocromic.

Loi m c (dng ngm cc dng c thu tinh rt bn) + Kalidicromat (K2Cr2O7): 40g. + Nc ct: 180ml + Acid sulfuric (H2SO4): 180ml. Ho tan kalidicromat trong nc t t acid vo dd trn.

Loi thng thng (cch pha nh trn) + Kalidicromat:50 g + Nc ct: 1000ml. + Acid sulfuric: 50ml.

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4. Cch gi cc kho thu tinh khi b kt:

Cc dng c thu tinh c kho, sau khi dng c ra v lau chi cn thn d b kt, khng m c. trnh kt, hng v sau mi ln dng phi ra sch, lau kh, bi mt loi m thch hp. M bi kho buret: Lanolin, vaselin lng bng nhau un cch thu cho tan ht.

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5. Ra lam knh.

Lam mi: ngm trong hn hp sulfocromic 24 gi. Lam bn: ngm trong dung dch kim 24 gi (lam c du phi lau du trc khi ra). Lam m ngm trong hn hp cn- ete lng bng nhau y hp, lc k 10 pht ly ra lau kh bng gc sch. Cc loi lam trn sau khi ngm c ra di vi nc v ngm trong nc 30 pht, lau tng lam, sy kh, ng gi trnh bi.

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6. Ra lamen:

Lamen c ngm trong mt cc ra ng dd kim ngm trong 2-3 gi, thnh thong lc nh. Ra li nhiu ln bng nc thng. Ra li bng nc ct. Sy kh 600C, ng hp trnh bi.

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7. Ra bm tim:

Khi ly mu xong ngm ngay bm kim tim vo khay nc. Nu pittng b kt, ngm trong dd acid acetic pha long 1/2 (cho acid vo u ampu dc ngc 10 pht). Ngm trong nc oxy gi trong nhiu gi. Nu kim b tc dng dy kim loi thng t mi kim ln. Ch thch: ngoi cc dng c thu tinh thng thng trn ta cn c dng c xc nh t trng ca mt cht gi l ph k tu theo cch chia c tn gi ring.

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- T trng k: o t trng ca nc chia vch t 1,000 - 1,500. - Ph k Banm: c 2 loi: Loi o cc cht lng c t trng ln hn t trng ca nc chia vch t 0-66. Mi vch ng vi mt banm. Loi o cc cht lng c t trong nh hn t trng ca nc chia vch t 0-20. mi vch ng vi mt banm. Ph k o nc tiu (t niu k): chia vch theo t trng t 10001,060.

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Cn k gay lussac (cn k bch phn): chia vch t 0-100 mi vch trn cn k ng vi mt cn. Ngoi ph k cn c b ct nc dng tch mt cht bay hi, thu hi dung mi, tinh ch mt thuc th , n gm c bnh ct c dung tch 1000ml, 500ml, 250ml. Cc loi ng sinh hn: thng, nghing, c bu, xon, ng sinh hn ct chn khng, ng sinh hn ct phn on.

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DCTT sau khi kh trng nu khng s dng ngay nn cho vo ti polyetylen buc cht, bo qun trong t kin sch s, kh ro. Sau khi kh trung cc loi dng c nn:
Que gt, que cy thu tinh s dng trong vng 1 ngy. Hp petri trong vng 3 ngy. ng nghim, bnh non, bnh cu khong 7- 10 ngy nu bo qun tt.

Nu qu lu dng c cn c kh trng li trc khi dng.

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Lng gia: Tr li cc cu sau: 1. Trnh by cc loi dng c thu tinh. 2. Trnh by cch s dng dng c thu tinh. 3. Trnh by cch rav bo qun dng c thu tinh. Phn bit ng sai cc cu sau: 6. Pipet chia khng tn cng l loi pipet chnh xc nht 7. Bnh nh mc l dng c ong th tch chnh xc nht 8. Phi chp m giy ln ming buret trnh bi
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