Ki Thuat Cao AP Qua Dien AP Trong He Thong Dien

AI HC BCH KHOA Tp.
HCM
KHOA IN IN T
B MN H THNG IN
Nhom mon hoc: CAO AP VAT LIEU
Mn hc
K THUT CAO P
QU IN P TRONG H
THNG IN
________________________________________________
Trao i trc tuyn ti:
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Ti liu
+K thut cao p II TS. HONG VIT
+Bi tp KTCA TS. H VN NHT
CHNG
+Extra High Voltage AC Transmission
Engineering ( 3
rd
edition) Rakosh Das
Begamudre
MC TIU CA MN HC
+NGUN GC, C IM V TC HI
CA CC DNG QU IN P XY
RA TRONG H THNG IN
+CC BIN PHP NGN NGA,
HN CH TC HI CA QU IN P
I VI CC THIT B TRONG H
THNG IN
QU IN P(OVERVOLTAGE) ?
L THNH PHN IN P C THI
GIAN BIN THIN RT NGN ( 10
-6
s)
V BIN LN
NGUN GC SINH RA QU
IN P TRONG H THNG
IN?
HIN TNG PHNG IN ST
QU TRNH NG CT CC THIT B
TRONG H THNG IN
CC S C XY RA TRONG H THNG
CHNG I:
HIN TNG PHNG IN ST
Set la hien tng phong ien trong kh quyen gia
am may dong mang ien tch vi at hoac gia cac
am may dong mang ien tch trai dau nhau. ien
ap gia may dong va at co the at ti tr so hang
chuc, tham ch hang tram trieu volt. Chieu dai trung
bnh cua khe set khoang 3 5 km, phan ln chieu
dai o phat trien trong cac am may dong.
1.1 NGUN GC SINH RA PHNG IN ST
1.2 CC DNG PHNG IN ST
Phng
in st
my-t
Phng in
bn trong
m my
Phng in
my-my
1.3 MT S HNH NH PHNG IN ST
Giai oan 1
Thoat tien xuat phat t may dong mot day sang m
keo dai tng t gian oan ve pha mat at vi toc o
trung bnh khoang 10
5
10
7
m/s. ay la giai oan
phong ien tien ao tng t c goi la tien ao
bac.
1.4 CC GIAI ON PHNG IN ST
Giai oan 1
Kenh tien ao la mot dong plasma mat o ien
tch khong cao lam, khoang 10
13
10
14
ion/m
3
.
Mot phan ien tch am tran vao kenh va phan
bo tng oi eu doc theo chieu dai cua no.
Giai oan 1
Di tac dung cua ien trng cua ien tch am tren
am may va trong kenh tien ao, vung at ben di
se co s tap trung cac ien tch cam ng trai dau.
V tr tap trung ien tch cam ng co the ngay ben
di am may, hay nhng ni co ien dan cao
Giai oan 1
Trong giai oan au, hng phat trien cua cac tia tien
ao la ngau nhien tuan thu theo nguyen tac la phat
trien theo hng co cng o ien trng cao nhat
Giai oan 1
Khi kenh tien ao at en mot o cao nhat nh,
goi la o cao nh hng, th hng phat trien cua
tia tien ao se chu anh hng cua cac vat ben
di mat at, ni co s tap trung ien tch cam
ng cao
Do o, v tr o bo cua dong set co tnh
chon loc
Giai oan 1
cac v tr tap trung ien tch trai dau vi
mat o cao, cng o ien trng cuc bo
trong khong kh tai o cao lam xuat hien s
ion hoa khong kh, tao nen dong tien ao phat
trien t ben di hng len am may, chieu
dai cua kenh tien ao ngc nay co the len
en vai tram m. ay chnh la qua trnh phong
ien on set, tao ieu kien nh hng dong
set vao v tr o
Giai oan 2
Giai oan phong ien chnh, hay phong ien
ngc.
Khi kenh tien ao xuat phat t am may dong
tiep can mat at hay kenh tien ao ngc,
cng o ien trng trong khoang cach kh
tang cao gay ion hoa manh liet khong kh dan
en s hnh thanh dong plasma mi, co mat o
ien tch tang cao hn nhieu so vi ban au
10
16
en 10
19
ion/m
3
.
Giai oan 2
Cac ien tch cam ng di mat
at tran len trung hoa cac ien
tch trong kenh tien ao t am
may.
Cac ien tch cam ng nay tiep
tuc i theo ng cua phong ien
tien ao ban au, tiep tuc hng
len am may, hnh thanh nen
kenh phong ien chnh
Giai oan 2
Mat o ien tch trong kenh
phong ien chnh rat cao, lam ot
nong manh liet kenh phong ien
nay, nhiet o co the len ti 2-3
chuc ngan o C(gap 3 lan nhiet o
be mat mat tri). Chnh v vay,
kenh phong ien chnh sang choi
chang, ma ta thay di dang cac
tia chp.
Giai oan 2
Vi lng nhiet khong lo nay, lp
khong kh xung quanh kenh phong
ien chnh b ot nong, gian n
ot ngot tao ra nhng t song am
manh liet, ma ta goi la sam
Giai oan 2
Khi kenh phong ien chnh len
en am may dong, dong set co
gia tr ln nhat, ay chnh la dong
ngan mach khoang cach kh gia
may va at, co gia tr trong
khoang t 1kA en hang tram kA
Giai oan 3
Giai oan ket thuc
Khi kenh phong ien chnh len
en am may dong, cac ien tch
cam ng t mat at len theo, tran
vao va trung hoa cac ien tch trai
dau tren am may, cac ien tch
(am) con tha tren am may se
theo kenh phong ien chay xuong
mat at.
Dong set co tr giam dan
1-Giai on phng in tin o
1
.
4

C
C

G
I
A
I

N

P
H
N
G

N

S
T

(
2
0
-
5
0
m
s
)
2-Giai on phng in ngc 3-Giai on kt thc phng in
Phng th nghim nghin cu v hin tng phng in st
1.5 CC THNG S DNG IN ST
Bieu thc toan hoc c viet nh sau
Trong o : I : hang so co th nguyen la dong ien (kA).
t
1,
t
2
: hang so co th nguyen la thi gian (s).
t
s
: thi gian au song (s).
t
s
: thi gian song (s).
I
( / )
m
ds
a kA s
t
=
o doc au song cua dong set
Xac suat xuat hien dong set co bien o ln hn I
m
(kA)
26
13
,
,
m
m
m
I
I
I
e DB
v
e DN

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Vis
I
s
(
k
A
)
Dong bang
Mien nui
Xac suat xuat hien dong set co o doc au song a(kA/ s)
15,7
7,82
,
,
a
a
a
e DB
v
e DN

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Va
a
(
k
A
/
s
)
Dong bang
Doi nui
1.6 CNG HOT NG CA ST V MT
ST
Cng hot ng ca set la so ngay co dong set
trung bnh trong nam: n (ngay set/nam)
Vung cc: 2-3, on i: 30-50, nhiet i: 75-100, xch
ao 100-150 (ngay set/nam)
Mat o set la so lan set anh trung bnh tren 1 n v
dien tch mat at trong 1 ngay co dong set: m
(lan/km
2
.ngay set)
Mat o set trung bnh trong nm:
m.n (lan/km
2
/nm)
S liu v mt st ti cc a danh
Vit Nam (2007)
Vit Nam (2007)
Vit Nam (2007)
Vit Nam (2007)
Vit Nam (2007)
Vit Nam
Vit Nam (2007)
THE END
AI HC BCH KHOA Tp.HCM
KHOA IN IN T
B MN H THNG IN
Mn hc
K THUT CAO P
9/9/2011 2
Trao i trc tuyn ti:
CHNG II
BO V CHNG ST NH TRC
TIP CHO H THNG IN
/ / / / / / / / / / / /
R
X
(1)
(2)
(3)
Bo phan thu set
(100mm
2
)
Bo phan dan dong set
(50mm
2
)
Bo phan noi at
1
2
3
4
M hnh A.Kopian:
Bng thc nghim trn m hnh v x l d liu theo
nguyn l thng k
H
h
h
x
r
x
R
T s k =H/h
Khi h 30m, k = 20
Khi h >30m, H = 600m
M hnh A.Kopian:
H
h
R=3,5h
Khu vc c xc sut
100% st nh vo ct
thu st: R=3,5h
M hnh A.Kopian:
r
x
Phng php thc nghim
trn m hnh ny a
ra c cng thc xc
nh phm vi bo v ca
ct thu st s c trnh
by phn sau
M hnh A.Kopian:
M hnh A.Kopian:
I. CACH XAC NH PHAMVI BAOVE CUA CTS
1. Pham vi bao ve cua mot CTS(<60m)
Pham vi bao ve cua mot CTS la hnh chop tron xoay co ng
sinh dang hyperbol. o cao h
x
, r
x
c xac nh nh sau:
CTS
Vat c bao ve
Vat khong c bao ve
1, 6
x
x
h h
h p
h h
=
+
x
r
p = 1 khi h 30m.
30
p = khi 30m < h < 60m.
h
s
1. Pham vi bao ve cua mot CTS (<60m)

Pham vi bao ve cua mot CTS la hnh chop tron xoay co ng
sinh dang hyperbol. o cao h
x
, r
x
c xac nh nh sau:
Vi:
-r
x
ban knh pham vi bao ve.
-h chieu cao cua CTS.
-h
x
chieu cao cua vat c bao ve.
-p he so phu thuoc vao h.
h
a
= h h
x
: o cao hieu dung cua cot thu set.
1, 5 (1 )
0,8
x
x
h
r h p
h
=
0, 75 (1 )
x
x
h
r h p
h
=
, khi h
x
2h/3
r
x
= (1,5h 1,875h
x
).p
, khi h
x
> 2h/3
r
x
= (0,75h 0,75h
x
).p
1. Pham vi bao ve cua mot CTS (<60m)
Trong thiet ke,
e n gian ngi ta
thng thay the
ng sinh dang
hyperbol gii han
khu vc bao ve bi 2
oan thang.
2/3h
h
0,2h
h
h
x
2h/3
0,75ph
1,5ph
1, 5 (1 )
0,8
x
x
h
r h p
h
=
0, 75 (1 )
x
x
h
r h p
h
=
, khi h
x
2h/3
r
x
= (1,5h 1,875h
x
).p
, khi h
x
> 2h/3
r
x
= (0,75h 0,75h
x
).p
1. Pham vi bao ve cua mot CTS: (<60m)
1. Pham vi bao ve cua mot CTS: (>60m)
St khng nhng nh vo nh m cn nh vo phn thn ct gn
nh
0, 5( 60) h h A =
i vi ct thu st c chiu cao t 60m n 100m:
i vi ct thu st c chiu cao t 100m n 250m:
0, 2 h h A =
Nu chiu cao hiu dng h
a
h, th phm vi bo v ca ct thu st
c tnh vi chiu cao hiu chnh h=h-h
7
a
p
p 7
a
0,2h
h
h
x
2h/3
0,75hp
1,5hp
a/2 a/2
r
x
p 7
a
h h
0
=
R
Cot thu set Cot thu set
r
x
r
x
r
0x
r
0x
2. Phamvi bao ve cua hai CTS
Trng hp hai cot co o cao bang nhau
Ta co the xac nh c rang neu hai CTS at cach nhau mot khoang
cach a th chung co the bao ve vat co o cao h
0
at gia chung, vi h
0
c xac nh theo cong thc: h
0
= h a/7p
0,75h 1.5h 0,75h
rx
x
h
x
h
rx
1.5h 1.5h
O
0,75h
O 0,75hO O
1.5h r
OX
R
a
h
o
2. Pham vi bao ve cua hai CTS
Trng hp hai cot co o cao bang nhau
Neu hai cot thu set co o cao khac nhau, v du h
1
< h
2
th pham
vi bao ve cua chung c xac nh nh sau
- Pham vi bao ve pha ngoai hai cot thu set giong nh pham vi
bao ve cua tng cot rieng le.
- Pham vi bao ve gia hai cot thu set co c bang cach qua
nh cot thap (h
1
) ve mot ng thang ngang, no cat ng sinh
cua pham vi bao ve cua cot cao h
2
mot iem , iem nay c coi
nh nh cua cot thu set gia tng h = h
1
va khu vc bao ve gia
cot thap h va h
1
cach nhau khoang a nh gia hai cot co o cao
bang nhau.
2. Pham vi bao ve cua hai CTS
Trng hp hai cot co o cao khac nhau
Khi cong trnh can bao ve chiem mot dien tch rong ln th
ngi ta thng dung mot he thong nhieu cot thu set e bao
ve. e xac nh pham vi bao ve, ngi ta chia he thong cot
thu set thanh tng nhom 3 hoac 4 cot thu set. Ben ngoai dien
tch cua a giac i qua chan cac cot thu set ( hnh tam giac
hoac hnh ch nhat ) pham vi bao ve c xac nh nh gia
tng oi cot thu set vi nhau. Con tat ca cac thiet b co o cao
ln nhat h
x
at trong dien tch cua a giac se c bao ve an
toan neu ieu kien sau c thoa man :
D 8 (h h
x
) p
Trong o:
h : o cao cua cot thu set.
h
x
: o cao ln nhat cua cao trnh.
D : ng knh ng tron ngoai tiep a giac.
3. Pham vi bao ve cua he nhieu CTS (n>2)
1
2 3
4
a
b
r
0X1
r
0X2
D
1
2
3
a
b c
r
X
r
0X12
r
0X13
r
0X23
r
X
3. Pham vi bao ve cua he nhieu CTS (n>2)
RANH CAP LC 22 KV
RANH CAP IEU KHIEN
PHONG THIET B
PHAN PHOI 22 KV
PHONG VAN HANH
2T
60 MVA
1T
60 MVA
2
5
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
7
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
35000
1
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
7
8
,
5
m
B B
A
A
GVHD
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA TP. H CH MINH
KHOA IN - IN T
B MN H THNG IN
Ngy 12/11/2006 Bn v s : 1
Ngi v ng Nh Tn
MT BNG B TR
TRM BIN P 110/22 kV
N MN HC
CAO P
Xa
day
Xa
thanh
gop
RANH CAP LC 22 KV
RANH CAP IEU KHIEN
PHONG THIET B
PHAN PHOI 22 KV
PHONG
VAN HANH
2T
60 MVA
3000 3000 7000 1500 2500 2500 3000 3000 2500 2500 3000 3000 2500 2500 3000 3000 2500 2500 1500 1500 3000 3000 3000 1500 7000 1500 1500
7
8
,
5
m
5
1
,
7
9

m
35,23 m
1T
60 MVA
5
5
,
9
2

m
5
5
,
9
2

m
4
8
,
0
9

m
4
8
,
0
9

m
22 m
15 m 22m
Chu thch :
Vung bao ve cao o 6m
1 2 3 4
6
7
5
35,23 m
5
1
,
7
9

m
Vung I
Vung
II
Vung III
Vung IV
Vung V
13,875 m
9,75 m
4,125 m
9,75 m
2,4 m
0,6375 m
1,77 m 5,04 m 9,75 m 4,125 m
36,18 m
32,56 m
6,54 m 2,52 m
GVHD
KHOA IN - IN T
B MN H THNG IN
Ngy 12/11/2006 Bn v s : 3
V Phan T
N MN HC
CAO P
PHM VI BO V CA KIM THU ST
TRM BIN P 110/22 kV Ngi v ng Nh Tn
MSSV:402HT039
Cot anten
Cot en
chieu sang
Cot en
chieu sang
CHU THCH :
- CB : MAY CAT SF6
- DS : DAO CACH LY
- ES : DAO NOI AT
- BI : MAY BIEN DONG IEN
- BU : MAY BIEN IEN AP
- LA : CHONG SET VAN
MAT CAT A-A
MAT CAT B-B
BU
BU BI DS/ES
LA/ES
14m
11m
8m
4000 1500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 4000 3000 2500 3000 3000 4500
BI DS/ES
1500 3000 1000 2500 1000 3000
BU BU BU LA
DS/ES
BI
CB
DS/ES DS/ES DS/ES
CB
LA
LA BU
DS/ES DS/ES
LA BU
7000
N MN HC CAO P
MT CT TRM BIN P 110/22 kV GVHD
KHOA IN - IN T
B MN H THNG IN
Ngy 12/11/2006 Bn v s : 2
Ngi v ng Nh Tn
N MN HC
CAO P
II. CACH XAC NH PHAM VI BAO VE
CUA DCS:
1. Pham vi bao ve cua mot DCS:
DCS
DD
khong
c
bao ve
DD c bao ve
CUA DCS:
a) Trng hp DCS co o treo cao (h) nho hn 30m :
x
x
x
h h
b 1,2h
h h
p
=
+
x
x x
x
x x
h 2
h > h: b 0,6h(1 )p
3 h
h 2
h: b 1,2h(1 )p
3 0,8.h
h
=
s =
Hay
CUA DCS (tt):
b) Trng hp DCS co o treo cao (h) ln hn 30m :
30m h 100m
h 0,29(h-30)
100m h 250m
h 0,2h
< s
A =
< s
=
Pham vi bao ve theo chieu
cao (mat cat ng) giam mot
khoang tnh t nh:
CUA DCS (tt):
2. Pham vi bao ve cua hai DCS:
Khi hai day chong set at cach nhau S = 2B = 4h th moi
iem tren mat at nam gia hai day chong set se c bao
ve an toan. Neu S < 4h th gia hai day chong set co the
bao ve c o cao:
0
S
h h
4p
=
CUA DCS (tt):
Khi day dan 3 pha cua ng day tai ien cung nam tren
mot mat phang ngang th ieu kien e day dan gia hai cot
c bao ve la khoang cach S gia hai day chong set phai
thoa man ieu kien:
4. .( )
DCS DD
s p h h <
CUA DCS (tt):
CUA DCS (tt):
3. Cach xac nh pham vi bao ve cua day
chong set cua ng day tai ien cao ap:
0
31
gh
o =
c
h
lg 4
90
=
o
III. CC YU CU K THUT KINH T
KHI DNG H THNG CTS BO V
CHNG ST NH THNH CHO TRM
BIN P V NH MY IN:
Ct thu st c th t ngay trn cc kt cu cng
trnh (ct x, ng khi, ct n pha) ca TBA
v NM khi tha mt s iu kin nht nh. Vic
t CTS trn kt cu trm ch cho php khi trm
c mc cch in xung ln v in tr ni t
b.VD:
-TBA 110kV tr ln d dng tha mn c yu
cu ny
-TBA 35kV ch cho php t CTS trn kt cu
trm khi R
n
s4 Ohms
BIN P V NH MY IN:
Chn kt cu t CTS phi c ni theo ng
ngn nht vo HT Ni t an ton ca trm ti im
giao ca cc thanh cn bng th, ng thi tng
cng thm cc ni t b sung (cc thanh, cc
tng cng)
BIN P V NH MY IN:
Khi cc iu kin trn khng tha mn th CTS phi t
cch ly vi cc kt cu trong trm v ni t ca CTS
phi c tch ring khi ni t an ton ca trm.
Khong cch trong khng kh gia CTS v cc vt cn
bo v trong trm phi ln.
Tng t, khong cch trong t gia ni t CTS v ni
t an ton trm cng phi ln.
BIN P V NH MY IN:
k
S 0,3 0,1
x A
R l > +
d
S 0, 5
x
R >
l
A
h
VBV
S
k
S
d
R
x
1
Chng 3:
NI T TRONG H
THNG IN
Trao i trc tuyn ti:
3
3.1 KHI NIM
Cc ni t: c ng
thng xung mt t
su t 0,5m n 0,8m
t
Khng kh
chn
su t
0
dy dn dng
s c, dng st
Cc ni t
bng ng hay
thp m km
4
3.1 KHI NIM
Thanh ni t: c chn
trong t su t 0,5m
n 0,8m
t
Khng kh
chn
su t
0
dy dn dng
s c, dng st
Thanh ni t
bng ng hay
thp m km
5
3.1 KHI NIM
Li ni t: do nhiu cc hay thanh
ghp ni vi nhau, chn trong t
su 0,5m n 0,8m
cc thanh ni
t hay dy cp
kt ni thnh
li
Cc ni t
ng ven chu vi
(hc dc theo
ng cho)
6
3.1 KHI NIM
Cc mi ghp k thut
7
3.1 KHI NIM
Ni t lm vic: l ni t im trung
tnh ca my pht, my bin p cng sut,
TI, TUm bo s lm vic ca trang
thit b in lc bnh thng v s c.
Ni t an ton: l ni t v trang thit
b in hoc kt cu kim loi. m bo an
ton cho ngi vn hnh khi c s c r
cch in.
Ni t chng st: l ni t cc b phn
thu st ( KTS, DCS) Nhm tn dng st
vo t, trnh phng in ngc t phn t
n cc b phn mang in.
C
B
R
A
N
Mun in p ti N = 0
R
KTS
8
3.1 KHI NIM
Cu to ca ni t: thng thng c thc hin bng mt h
thng nhng cc bng thp hoc ng ( c th trn hoc dt) ng
vo t, hoc nhng thanh ngang chn vo t. Hoc cc v thanh
ni lin vi nhau v chn vo t.
Trm phn phi: 3 h thng ni t phi c ni ring l.
Trm truyn ti ( >=110 kV): 3 h thng ni t c dng chung.
in tr ni t R
l t s gia in p trn cc
U
v dng in qua n I
. in tr R
bao gm
in tr ca bn thn in cc v in tr tn trong
t.
Khi tn dng mt chiu hay xoay chiu th in tr bn thn in
cc rt b c th b qua.
R
9
3.1 KHI NIM
Khi tn dng mt chiu hay xoay chiu th in tr bn thn in
cc rt b c th b qua.
Hnh : M hnh in cc ni t n gin ( thanh hay cc ni t)
10
3.1 KHI NIM
Khi tn dng st, qu trnh truyn sng trn cc ni t tng t
nh trn ng dy ti in. Do c in cm cn tr dng in i su
vo chiu di in cc nn in th phn b khng u trn in cc.
T < <T
s
( l b): Ni t tp trung. R
x
=R
T >=T
s
( l ln): Ni t ko di ( ni t phn b). R
x
R
R
x
()
t (s)
R
nh hng ca in cm s gim dn theo thi gian. in tr tn

ca cc ni t ln nht gn ng vo lc dng st t gi tr cc
i.
T=L
0
.g
0
.l
2
T
s
11
3.1 KHI NIM
Hnh : Qu in p ti cc v tr trn cc thanh ni 20 m v 100m
12
3.1 KHI NIM
Khi tn dng st, ngoi nh hng ca in cm L lm gim
kh nng tn dng st ca htn, cn c nh hng phi tuyn bi
hin tng phng in tia la trong t khi dng st c bin
ln. Vng t quanh in cc tr nn dn in tt, lm tng kh
nng tn dng st, tc lm in tr tn xung gim.
13
3.1 KHI NIM
Hnh: Bn knh ca cc phn on trn thanh ti cc thi im a) 0.2 s v b) 0.5s
a)
b)
14
3.1 KHI NIM
Hnh: Qu in p ti v tr vo dng st v v tr cui trn thanh t a) FEM v b) FDTD
a) b)
15
3.1 KHI NIM
i vi ni t chng st cn phn bit in tr tn xung R
x
vi
in tr tn n nh R
. R
cng chnh l in tr tn dng xoay

chiu ( R
~
) hay dng mt chiu.
x
x
R
R
o
=
Ni t tp trung:
x
< 1, nh hng ca phng in tia la
chim u th
Ni t ko di:
x
1, nh hng ca in cm dc theo chiu
di ca thanh dn trong HTN chim u th
16
3.1 KHI NIM
Mt s phng php o in tr sut t
2
U
a
I
t =
Phng php Wenner
2
4
ln
l U
l
I
d
t
=
Phng php Driven Rod
17
3.2 IN TR TN DNG XOAY CHIU R
~
Khi dng in xoay chiu chy qua in cc tn vo t, to
nn trong t quanh n mt in trng. Mi im trong in
trng k c trn mt t c mt in th nht nh.
U
tx
U
b
Gim U
tx
, U
b
Trn mt t khu vc ni t
c ri mt lp si hoc
gim s chn lch in th.
U
r
/U
Gim in p trn in cc U
hay gim in tr tip t.

18
i vi in cc ni t n gin: cng thc xc nh in tr
tn tn s cng nghip ca mt s dng in cc thng dng
(Bng 4.1, 4.2)
~
4
ln
2
tt
c
l
R
l d
t
=
Cc chn ni:
0
2 1 4
(ln ln )
2 2 4
2
tt
c
l t l
R
l d t l
l
t t
t
+
= +
= +
Cc chn chm:
2
0
ln
2
tt
t
l
R
l dt
t
=
Thanh chn chm:
0
8
(ln ln )
2 . 4
tt
V
D D
R
D d t
t
t t
= +
Thanh hnh xuyn chn chm:
2
0
ln
2
tt
t
kL
R
L dt
t
=
Thanh c hnh dng c bit:
d
dang trn
b
b
dang gc
d=0,95b
dang dp
d=0,5b
do tt m
k =
in tr sut tnh ton ca t:
19
~
i vi in tr ni t ca t hp nhiu in cc:
Hiu ng mn che lm mo dng vng
ng th gia hai in cc, lm gim kh
nng tn ca h thng ni t.
c trng cho hiu ng mn che,
ngi ta dng h s
~
.
~
l h s s dng
khi tn dng in xoay chiu tn s cng
nghip. y l i lng ton hc th hin
bn cht vt l l hiu ng mn che.
R
1
R
2
R
3
B qua hiu ng mn che R
t
= R
1
//R
2
//R
3
Xt n hiu ng mn che R
th~
=R
t
/
~
> R
t ~
~
1
td
th
R
R
q = s
20
~
H s s dng ph thuc vo vo loi in cc, s lng v cch
b tr chng. N c th tra cu trong cc bng s hoc cc ng
cong cho trong cc ti liu hng dn(SBT PL 4 n PL 7).
Xt t hp thanh v cc
cc n
R
c
, R
t
: in tr ca tng cc ring l v thanh.
c
,
t
h s s dng ca cc v thanh trong t hp
12 m
3 m
c
= 0.7 ,
t
= 0.74
VD
c t
c t c t
th
c t
c t t c
c t
R R
n R R
R
R R
R R n
n
q q
q q
q q
= =
+
+
21
3.3 IN TR TN NI T CHNG ST
3.3.1 in tr tn xung ca dng ni t tp trung
Kch thc tht ca in cc c th
thay th bng kch thc ca khu vc
phng in tia la.
R
x
=
x
R
~
(
x
< 1 )

x
= f(I
s
,
): c trng cho phng

in trong t v gin n in cc ni
t.
Khi chiu di ca in cc tng ln
th
x
tng ln do nh hng ca in
cm.
Phng in trong t
E > E
p()
I
S
Bin ln
E = E
p()
Nu ni t l t hp R
thx
= R
tx
/
x
>R
tx
x
: th hin hiu ng mn che ca t hp
khi tn dng in xung.
22
Trnh t tnh ton in tr tn xung ca mt t hp ni t tp trung
B1: Chn k
m
(ni t chng st) .
tt
= k
m
.
o
B2: Tnh R
~
ca tng loi in cc ring l. (R
~c
, R
~t
)
B3: Tnh R
x
ca tng loi in cc rring l (R
xc
, R
xt
)
- Tnh dng st phn b qua mi in cc ring l
- Tnh
x
: c th tra bng hoc tnh bng cng thc
R
xc
=
xc
R
~c
; R
xt
=
xt
R
~t
B4: in tr tn xung ca c t hp
1 1
xc
xt
xc xt
th
xc
x xc xt x
xt
R
R
R R
n
R
R
R n R
R
n
q q

= =
+
+
n : s cc
x
: h s s dng xung
ca t hp. (
x
<
~
)
23
BT 1:
Chng ta c mt thanh st trn di
40 m ng knh 20 mm. Hi dng
ni t no sau y, c in tr tn
xoay chiu nh nht? Bit ni t
c chn su 0.8 m trong t. t
c in tr sut o vo ma ma l
100 m.
a)
b)
c)
l
1
l
2
= 2l
1
BT 2:
Cho mt h t hp phc nh hnh gm
5 cc, mi cc di 3 m, ng knh 30
mm, ng cc dc theo thanh dng trn
ng knh 20 mm di 12 m. C t hp
nm su trong t 0.8 m c in tr sut
o lc kh ro l 120 m. B qua hiu
ng mn che. Tnh in tr tn xoay
chiu ca t hp.
24
BT 3:
BT 4:
Cho mt h t hp phc nh hnh gm 3
cc, mi cc di 3 m, ng knh 25 mm,
ng cc dc theo thanh dng trn ng
knh 15 mm di 12 m. C t hp nm su
trong t 0.5 m c in tr sut o lc kh
ro l 150 m. Tnh in tr tn xoay chiu
v tn xung ca t hp.
Xc nh in tr xoay chiu v xung kch ca ba thanh ni
t lm bng thp dt 4x40 mm2, mi thanh di 15 m chn
su trong t 0.8 m. in tr sut t o vo ma m l 200
m. Gi s dng st chy qua h thng ni t l 120 kA.
I
s
= 100kA
( )( )
1500
320 45
t
tt t
l
I
o
=
+ +
I
s
I
t
25
3.3.2 in tr tn xung ca ni t ko di bng thanh ngang
a. Khi b qua qu trnh phng in trong t ( ln, i
s
nh)
i
s
l
U
(0)
U
(l)
i
s
L
0
L
0
L
0
L
0
g
0
g
0
g
0
g
0
g
0
0
0
~
0.2 ln 0.31 /
1
1/
l
L H m
r
g m
R l
| |
=
|
\ .
= O
Phng trnh truyn sng qua in cc c dng:
0
0
u i
L
x t
i
g u
t
c c
c c
c
Dng st c dc u sng
khng i i
s
(0,t) = at
26
s
nh)
in p ti v tr bt k theo thi gian t:
1
2
1
0
1
2
1
0
1
( , ) 2 1 os
1
(0, ) 2 1
k
k
t
T
k
t
T
k
a k x
u x t t T e c
g l k l
a
u t t T e
g l k
t

=
(
| |
| |
= + ( |
|
|
\ .
(
\ .

(
| |
= + ( |
|
(
\ .
Tng tr tn xung u vo ti mt thi im bt k t:

1
2
1
0
2 (0, ) 1 1
(0, ) 1 1
(0, )
k
t
T
k
s
T u t
Z t e
i t g l t k

=
(
| |
= = + ( |
|
(
\ .

2
0 0 1
1
2 2
;
k
L g l T
T T
k t
= = Hng s thi gian ca qu trnh truyn
sng iu ha bc 1 v bc k
27
s
nh)
Mt cch gn ng khi dng st t tr s cc i (t = T
s
)
th tng tr xung du vo c tr s ln nht.
s
1
s
2
1
0 s
2 1 1
(0, ) 1 1
d
k
T
T
d
k
d
T
Z T e
g l T k

=
(
| |
( = + |
|
(
\ .

Trng hp T
s
/T
1
> 3
2
1 1
s
2
1
0 s s
0
s
2 1 1
(0, ) 1 1
3
(0, )
3
d
k
d d
d
ds
T T
Z T R
g l T k T
L l
Z T R
T
t
( (
= + = +
( (

= +
28
b. Khi xt n qu trnh phng in trong t
Phng in dc theo chiu di thanh lm cho khu
vc phng in thu hp dn, dn n in dn tn xung
khng cn l hng s. H phng trnh truyn sng tr
nn khng tuyn tnh v c gii bng phng php
gn ng hoc phng php s.
ng vi mt tr s v I
s
nht nh c mt tr s
gii hn ca chiu di in cc m vt qu gii hn
, tng tr xung khng gim khi tng chiu di in
cc na

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AI HC BCH KHOA Tp.

1.5 CC THNG S DNG IN ST

1.5 CC THNG S DNG IN ST

1. Pham vi bao ve cua mot CTS (<60m)

nh hng ca in cm s gim dn theo thi gian. in tr tn

cng chnh l in tr tn dng xoay

hay gim in tr tip t.

): c trng cho phng

Tng tr tn xung u vo ti mt thi im bt k t:

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