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MC LC

I. GII THIU ...................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Vai tr ca cng ngh thng tin hin nay. ............................................................... 2 2. Gii thiu v phn mm GNS3. ................................................................................ 2 2.1 2.2 I. Tng quan. ........................................................................................................... 2 Cc c im chnh. ............................................................................................ 3

CCH DOWLOAD V CI T PHN MM................................................................. 4 1. Cch download GNS3. ............................................................................................... 4 2. Hng dn ci t GNS3 .......................................................................................... 4

II. HNG DN S DNG PHN MN GNS3 .................................................................... 10 1. Mt s thao tc c bn router, switch ................................................................ 10 2. Cu hnh mng o: ................................................................................................... 13 3. M hnh mng thc t.............................................................................................. 23 III. KT LUN ....................................................................................................................................... 25 IV. TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................................................... 26

Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

I.

GII THIU

1. Vai tr ca cng ngh thng tin hin nay.


Ngy nay CNTT len li, pht huy trong mi lnh vc kinh t_x hi: ngn hng, trng hc, cc ngnh kinh t CNTT l mt cng c khng th thiu, n ng gp 1 phn khng nh vo s pht trin ca c nhn, t chc v cho ton x hi. Mng li internet ngy cng c nhn rng khng ch thnh th m cn c nng thn. p ng c s pht trin nh th cn rt nhiu thit b cng ngh hin i. Vi mt mng li internet rng ln nh th mun qun l v ng dng c cn nhng con ngi c y kin thc v am hiu v lnh vc cng ngh thng tin. Trn thc t, khi hc, tm hiu v chuyn ngnh mng internet ta cn c thc hnh trn nhng thit b tht, mi thit b u c nhng chc nng khc nhau. Tuy nhin nhng thit b s dng cho mng internet rt t tin. V th gip cho vic nghin cu v hc tp c d dng cc hng chuyn v cng ngh thng tin ln trn th gii xy dng mt phn mm rt hu ch l phn mm gi lp router GNS3. GNS3 gip chng ta m phng mt m hnh mng ging vi thc t vi y cc thit b o ging nh thit b tht v c y chc nng nh mt thit b tht bn ngoi.

2. Gii thiu v phn mm GNS3.


2.1 Tng quan. GNS3 (Graphical Network Simulator) l mt chng trnh gi lp h thng mng c giao din ha, cho php m phng cc mng phc tp, do nhm chuyn gia gm Jeremy Grossmann, Benjamin Marsili, Claire Goudjil, Xavier Alt, Alexey Eromenko vit v pht trin. GNS3 cho php chng ta to mt m hnh mng hon chnh v chnh xc. GNS3 lin kt cht ch vi: Dynamips: l mt phn mm dng m phng Router ca Cisco do Christophe Dynagen: To cu hnh mng cho Dynamips
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Fillot vit nm 2005.

Phn mm GNS3
Qemu: To v m phng my o ngun m trn PC.

Nhm 1_D09VT3

VirtualBox (VB): L mt phn mm to my o ngun m mnh m, Sun

Microsystem mua li VB v c tp on Oracle pht trin. GNS3 l mt cng c tuyt vi dnh cho cc k s h thng mng lm vic trong phng Labs, chuyn nghin cu v pht trin h thng mng hay chun on cc vn xy ra trong h thng mng. Cng nh rt ph hp vi tt c nhng ai ang theo hc cc chng ch ca Cisco (CCNA, CCNP, CCIP v CCIE) v chng ch ca Juniper (JNCIA, JNCIS v JNCIE). Ngoi ra, nh VB c tch hp trong GNS3 m cc nh qun tr, k s h thng mng c th tn dng GNS3 thc hin Labs v nghin cu, hc chng ch ca cc hng khc nh Microsoft (MCSA, MCSE), RedHat (RHCT, RHCE) v Novell (CLP). GNS3 m phng tt Cisco Router, nhng n khng h tr vic m phng Switch thuc dng Catalyst ca Cisco, v lin quan n vn h tr b x l ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) trn cc thit b . Tuy nhin vn c th cu hnh chc nng chuyn mch bng cch s dng card NM- 16ESW EtherSwitch trn Router. GNS3 c pht trin bng Python v thng thng qua PyQt v phn giao din ho th s dng th vin Qt, rt ni ting v tnh hu dng ca n trong d n KDE. GNS3 cng s dng k thut SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) cung cp cc biu tng cht lng cao cho vic thit k m hnh mng. GNS3 l chng trnh m ngun m, min ph, chng trnh c th s dng trn nhiu h iu hnh, bao gm c Windows, Linux, v c h iu hnh MacOS X 2.2 Cc c im chnh. - Thit k cht lng cao v cu trc topo mng phc tp - M phng ca nhiu nh tuyn nn tng Cisco IOS, IPS, PIX v ASA firewall. - M phng Ethernet n gin, ATM v Frame Relay Switch. - Kt ni mng o vi th gii thc. - Bt gi tin bng Wireshark.
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Phn mm GNS3
ca h vi GNS3. - Phn mm ny c vit ra nhm mc ch: + Gip mi ngi lm quen vi thit b Cisco. + Kim tra v th nghim nhng tnh nng trong cisco IOS. + Test cc m hnh mng trc khi i vo cu hnh thc t.

Nhm 1_D09VT3

Ch : Ngi s dng phi cung cp IOS/IPS/PIX/ASA/JunOS s dng th nghim

I.

CCH DOWLOAD V CI T PHN MM.


1. Cch download GNS3.

s dng GNS3, bn c th download ti : http://www.gns3.net/download Vi ngi dng Windows: Ngi mi s dng GNS3 c ngh ci t gi GNS3 all-in-one , bao gm Dynamips, Winpcap, Qemu/Pemu, Putty, VPCS v Wireshark gip bn khng cn phi ci Python, PyQt v Qt. N cng cung cp tnh nng Explorer tch hp nn bn c th double-click ln tp tin network ch y chng. N cung cp mi th bn cn c th ch y c GNS3 trn my c nhn hay my xa. Vi ngi dng Linux: Ngi dng Linux cn download Dynamips v gii nn vo mt ch thch hp. Ci t nhng gi ph thuc ca GNS3 v sau chy GNS3. Ngi dng cng c th th phin bn binary dnh cho Linux, gip khng cn phi ci Python, PyQt v Qt. GNS3 cng c th c s dng th nghim cc tnh nng ca Cisco IOS, Juniper JunOS hoc kim tra cu hnh m c trin khai trn router tht. Nh tch hp vi VirtualBox m ngy nay ngay c nhng k s h thng v qun tr vin c th tn dng li th ca GNS3 lm nhng th nghim v hc tp trn Redhat (RHCE, RHCT), Microsoft (MSCE, MSCA), Novell (CLP) v nhiu chng nhn nh cung cp khc.

2. Hng dn ci t GNS3

Phn mm GNS3
mc nh bng cch nhn Next. Sau khi hon tt th tc ci t trn mn hnh xut hin

Nhm 1_D09VT3

Kch p chut vo file v a download v v tin hnh ci t bnh thng theo ch

Bc 1 Cu hnh Dynamips Bn kch chut vo biu tng GNS3 trn Desktop vo giao din chnh.

s dng Dynamips trong GNS3, bn phi cu hnh ng dn ti n v cng nn (base port). Nhng thit lp ny s c s dng bi Hypervisor Manager v np tp
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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

tin .net. Truy xut vo phn Preferences (ctrl +shifl +p) trong menu Edit: Bn chon ng dn n th tp tin Dynamips.exe -- nhn Test kim tra. --- nhn OK

Bc 2: Add HDH IOS Vo Exit -> IOS images and hypervisors /IOS images. - Bn c th dowload IOS images v trn internet . - Trn Windows, tp tin nh vo th mc C:\Program Files\Dynamips\images. Thc t th bn c th t tp tin nh bt c ch no bn mun. - Cc tp tin Cisco IOS images c nn li. Nhng tp tin nh nn ny s lm vic tt vi Dynamips*, tuy nhin qu trnh boot s b chm li bi qu trnh gii nn (ging nh trn cc router tht).Trn Linux hoc Mac OS ta nn gii nn chng .

Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

- Chn ng dn n th mc cha IOS, bng cch kch vo images file. y, chn router c2691. Sau khi chn ng dn n IOS xong bn nhn chon Save -> close

Bc 3

Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

- Kch chut vo router C2 1 gi v k o th vo bn cnh. Lc ny bn s thy tab Topology Summary router (Ro) s bo mu ngha l router ang ch Turn off.

2.1 IDLE PC - Khi Start ln bn vo Task manager s thy CPU ln rt cao , iu ny khin my ta b chm li( dng t hp phm alt+ ctrl+ delete hin ln task manager).

Lc ny bn kch phi chut vo router chn Idle PC v ch trong giy lt.

Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

- kch chn t c du * nhn ok.

- By gi bn xem li CPU xung ng k gim 10 % l hiu qu nht.

Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

CPU s dng 61% bi v Dynamips ko bit khi no router o trng thi "idle" (khong thi gian router khng trng thi x l), v lc no router trng ang thc hin cng vic ca n. Lnh idlepc phn tch IOS ang chy tm trong m lnh ca n nhng trng thi "idle", Khi c xc lp, router s trng thi "ng - sleeps", do vy lm gim bt nng lc ca CPU, m vn ko lm gim hiu nng ca virtual router. V th ti u dung lng RAM, khi bn chy nhiu virtual router.

II.

HNG DN S DNG PHN MN GNS3

1. Mt s thao tc c bn router, switch


add thm Interface th bn phi Stop Router sau kick p chut vo Router s xut hin bng nh bn di. Bn kick vo tn ca router (R0) nh hnh sau chn tab Slots v chn add thm bao nhiu serial ty thch v v bn c th add thm c fastethernet

- Nhn ok chp nhn thit lp.Start router ln th bn s c thm serial. - Nh mnh chn NM-4T th mnh s c thm 4 serial. - Kt ni hai Router vi nhau mnh dng cable serial
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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

kt ni Router vo port Switch mnh dng cable Fastethernet

- Bn c th xem mnh kt ni hai router vi nhau bng Interface no c th cu hnh th ta c th lm nh sau: - Trong tab topology summary bn kick vo "+"bn s nhn thy nh hnh bn di

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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

Khi bn cu hnh router th bn cn bt l mnh dang cu hnh cho cng no v n c kt ni vo u.

Lu thit lp. Bn ch cn kick vo biu tng seve network file ->save

Ch : Mi cu lnh bn s dng cu hnh cho Router trong GNS3 u c s dng nh Router tht v dng IOS tht nhng Switch trong GNS3 l switch trong sut bn khng th thc thin cu hnh Switch
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Phn mm GNS3 2. Cu hnh mng o:


Ni router o vi card mng PC :

Nhm 1_D09VT3

ni Router vi my tnh, trn my tnh ta to interface loopback. Mycomputer kch chut phi chn manager

Kch chut vo device Manager chn tn con PC ca bn

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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

Kch chut phi vo tn con PC ca bn ( aviSHO-PC) chn add legacy hardwave

Sau chn next ->

Tip tc chn next-> chn network adapter

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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

Next

Bn i trong thi gian t pht n hin ra mt list danh mc bn kch chut vo v chn Microsoft -> Microsoft loopback adater

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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

Next->next ->finish. Vo My Network Places, ta thy c thm 1 biu tng ca card mng loopback v a mi thm vo.

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Phn mm GNS3
loopback s tin li hn.

Nhm 1_D09VT3

V card loopback khi cn gn dy, card vn trong trng thi up. Nn dng card

Ko biu tng hnh m my (cloud), y chnh l PC. Ta vo Configure chnh sa vi thng s.

Click C1, th NIO Ethernet, chn dng c ch Loopback Driver..

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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

Click Add, Apply, OK.

Chn kt ni dy t PC (cloud), bm v s hin nio_gen_eth, chn ci ny v ko ln router. t IP cho router v PC, ta c th t PC ping ln router thnh cng v ngc li.

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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

Mt s ci t m rng khc: Bn mun thay i icon m my thnh PC , nhn cho ging PC tht. Ta vo Edit, Sympol Manager

Chn biu tng hnh computer, click du > , biu tng c a sang phi, Name : t ty , Type : chn Cloud, nhn Apply, OK.
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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

Ta b m my i, gi biu tng PC abc l my tnh, ta cu hnh nh lc ny ( tc l phi chut ln PC C1, chn configure ). Start router ln, v ni dy vo PC nh hnh. Nu bn mun kt ni nhiu PC vi nhiu router, trong khi ta ch c 1 PC tht. Ta c th dng Vware to ra cc my tnh o, v kt ni vi router o, nhng iu ny tn nhiu ti nguyn ca PC . Nu bn ch n gin, cn PC ping kim tra, th vic to ra cc PC o trn chnh GNS3 l iu tuyt vi : u tin bn vo http://wiki.freecode.com.cn/doku.php?id=wiki:vpcs ti vpcs-0.21 v my. Lu u cng c. Bn to c 9 PC o tt c. V d ta cn to thm 2 PC o cho s sau :

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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

M file vpcs.exe ln, dng lnh show :

Gi s ta dng VPCS1(pc1) ni router R1 v VPCS2(pc2) ni router R3. Bn t IP cho 2 PC o ny :

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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

192.168.10.2 l IP ca PC1, 192.168.10.1 l IP ca router R1, 24 l subnetmask Sau bn mun t cho PC2, t VPCS1 2 chuyn sang t IP cho PC2. Ta t IP xong, gi ti phn cu hnh v kt ni 2 PC o vo 2 router o. Phi chut vo PC1, chn configure, chn C1, th NIO UDP, ci t :

Local port : 30000 Remote host 127.0.0.1 Remote port 20000 Add, Apply, OK. Tng t vi PC2, nhng : Local port : 30001 Remote host 127.0.0.1 Remote port 20001 Cc thng s remote v local, gip ta phn bit cc PC. Ta gn cp t cc PC vi router :

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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

V tng t vi C2.

3. M hnh mng thc t.

Ta thc hin ping gia cc phn t trong mng vi nhau, Trong phn ny con PC l PC tht tc l my tnh ca bn, t Kt qu m phng
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PC ping n a ch

192.168.1.1 -> kt ni thnh cng bn c th gi v nhn gi tin nh mng thc t.

Phn mm GNS3
show run R2:

Nhm 1_D09VT3

Ping t R1 n Pc:

Ping t Pc n R1:

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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

III.

KT LUN

Sau khi tm hiu v GNS3 nhm chng em thy GNS3 l mt l mt chng trnh gi lp h thng mng c giao din ha, cho php m phng cc mng phc tp, to mt m hnh mng hon chnh v chnh xc c ng dng trong thc t.

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Phn mm GNS3

Nhm 1_D09VT3

IV.

TI LIU THAM KHO


2, http://www.gns3.net/download

1, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAt9VhLhKSY

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