1- Tp hp.

Tp hp con
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d:
.2- Tp hp cc s t nhin. Ghi s t nhin
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng bng 601
3- Php cng v php nhn
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng bng 601
4- Php tr v php chia
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng bng 601
5- Lu tha vi s m t nhin
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng bng 601
6. Th t thc hin php tnh
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng bng 601
7 Tnh cht chia ht ca mt tng
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng bng 601
8 Du hiu chia ht cho 2, cho 5
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng bng 601

I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1.

8 Du hiu chia ht cho 3, cho 9

Chuyn 1: So snh hai lu tha

1. so snh hai lu tha, ta thng a v so snh hai lu tha cng c shoc
cng s m.
- Nu hai lu tha cng c s (c s ln hn 1) th lu tha no c s m ln
hn th s ln hn.

Nu m > n th am >
- Nu ai lu tha cngn s m (s m ln hn 0) th lu tha no c c s ln
a (a >1)
hn th s ln hn.
Nu a > b th an > bn
2. Ngoi cch trn, so snh hai lu tha ta cn dng tnh cht bc cu, tnh
(nnhn
> 0)
cht n iu ca php
(a < b th a.c < b.c vi c > 0)
B xung kin thc nng cao:
1. Lu tha ca lu tha: (am)n = am.n
2. Lu tha ca mt tch: ( a.b)n = anbn .
V d: 25.55 = (2.5)5 = 105 = 100 000.

3. Lu tha mt thng: an :bn = (a:b)n , hay

a
a n : bn =
b

V d : 147: 77 = (14 : 7)7 = 27 = 128

4. Lu tha tng:

n
3
a m = a ( m ) V d : 22 = 2( 2) = 28 = 256
n

Bi 1: So snh cc s sau:
a) 2711 v 818
b) 6255 v 1257
36
24
2n
c) 5 v 11 d) 3 v 23n
Bi 2: So snh cc s sau:
a) 523 v 6.522
b) 7.213 v 216
c) 2115 v 275.498.
Bi 3: So snh cc s sau.
a) 19920 v 200315
b) 339 v 1121
Bi 4: So snh hai hiu, hiu no ln hn?
a) 7245 7243 v 7244 7243
Bi 5. Tm xN, bit:
a) 16x < 1284
b) 5x.5x+1.5x+2 100..........0 :218
18 ch s 0
Bi 6: Cho S = 1 + 2+ 22 + 23 + ... + 29.
So snh S vi 5.28.
Bi 7: Gi m l s cc s c 9 ch s m trong cch ghi ca n khng c
ch s 0. Hy so
snh m v 10.98.
Bi 8: Hy vit s ln nht bng cch dng 3 ch s 1,2,3 vi iu kin mi ch s dng mt
v ch mt ln.
Bi tp b sung
Chuyn 2:
Ch s tn cng ca mt tch ca mt lu tha:

I/ L thuyt
1. Tm ch s tn cng ca mt tch.
- Tch cc s l l 1 s l.
- Tch ca mt s l c tn cng l 5 vi bt k s l no cng c tn cng l 5.
- Tch ca mt s chn vi bt k s t nhin no cng l mt s chn.
2. Tm ch s tn cng ca mt lu tha .
- Cc s t nhin c tn cng bng 0,1,5,6 khi nng ln lu tha bt k (khc 0 ) vn gi
nguyn ch s tn cng ca n.
- Cc s t nhin c tn cng bng ch s 3,7,9 nng ln lu tha 4n u c tn cng l
1.
...34n = ...1
...74n = ...1
...94n = ...1
- Cc s t nhin c tn cng bng ch s 2,2,8 nng ln lu tha 4n (n 0) u c tn
cng l 6.
...24n = ...6
...44n = ...6
...84n = ...6
( Ring i vi cc s t nhin c ch s tn cng l 4 hoc 9, khi nng ln lu tha l u
c ch s tn cng l chnh n; khi nng ln lu tha chn c ch s tn cng ln l t l 6 v
1.)
II/ Bi tp
Bi 1: Tm ch s tn cng ca cc s sau.
7430 ; 4931 ; 8732 ; 5833 ; 2335.
Bi 2: Tm hai ch s tn cng ca s 5n.(n>1)
Bi 3: Chng t cc tng hiu sau chia ht cho 10.
a) A = 98.96.94.92 91.93.95.97
b) B = 405n+ 2405 + m (m , n N ; n 0)
Bi 4: Tm ch s tn cng ca cc s sau:
a)

234

56

b)

579

67

Bi 5: Tm cc s l lin tip c tn cng l 7. Hi tch c bao nhiu tha s?

Bi 6: Tch 2.22.23.....210 . 52.54.56....514 .
Tn cng bng bao nhiu ch s 0?
Bi 7: Cho S = 1 + 31+ 32 + 33 + ... + 330 .
Tm ch s tn cng ca S, t suy ra S khng phi l s chnh phng.
Bi tp b sung

Chuyn 3
S nguyn t. Hp s
Phn tch mt s ra tha s nguyn t.
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
1. Xc nh s lng cc c ca mt s:
Nu M phn tch ra tha s nguyn t c M = ax.by...cz th s cc c ca M l (x+1)
(y+1)...(z+1).
2. Khi phn tch ra tha s nguyn t, s chnh phng ch cha cc tha s nguyn t
vi s m chn.
3. Tnh cht chia ht lin qua n s nguyn t.
Nu tch ab chia ht cho s nguyn t p th hoc a Mp hoc b Mp.
c bit nu an Mp th a Mp
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng bng 601
2. Cho A = 5 + 52+53+ ...+5100.
a) S A l s nguyn t hay hp s
b) S A c phi l s chnh phng khng?
3. S 54 c bao nhiu c? Vit tt c cc c ca n?
IV/ Bi tp
114. Tm s nguyn t a 4a + 11 l s nguyn t nh hn 30.
115. Cc s sau l s nguyn t hay hp s?
a = 1.3.5.7...13 + 20
b = 147.247.347 13
116. Cho nN* . Chng minh rng s 111....1 2111...1 l hp s
n ch s1 n ch s1
117. Tm s b chia v thng trong php chia:
9**:17 = **, bit rng thngl mt s nguyn t.
118. Cho a,nN*, bit an M5. Chng minh a2+150 M25
119. a) Cho n l s khng chi ht cho 3. Chng minh rng n 2 chia 3 d 1.
b) Cho p l s nguyn ta ln hn 3. Hi p2 + 2003 l s nguyn t hay hp s.
Bi 120. Cho n> 2 v khng chia ht cho 3. Chng minh rng hai s n 2 1 v n2
+
1
khng th ng thi l s nguyn t.
Bi 121: Cho p l s nguyn t ln hn 3.
a) Chng t rng p c dng 6k + 1 hoc 6k + 5.
b) Bit 8p + 1 cng l mt s nguyn t, chng minh rng 4p + 1 l hp s
Bi 122: Cho p v p + 8 u l s nguyn t (p 3). Hi p + 100 l s nguyn t hay hp
s?
Phn tch mt s ra tha s nguyn t
Bi 123: Phn tch cc s sau ra tha s nguyn t bng cch hp l nht:
a) 700;
9000;
210 000
b) 500;
1600;
18 000
Bi 124: Mi s sau c bao nhiu c:
90 ;
540 ;
3675.
Bi 125: Tm cc c ca s:
a) 119
b) 625
c) 200.
Bi 126: Tnh cnh ca mt hnh vung bit din tch ca n l:
a) 5929m2;
b) 32400m2 .
Bi 127: Tnh cnh ca hnh lp phng bit th tch ca n l 1728cm3.
Bi 128: Chng minh rng mt s t nhin khc 0, c s lng cc c l mt s l th s t
nhin l mt s chnh phng.
Bi129: Tm n N* bit:
a) 2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 2n = 210
b) 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2n 1) = 225
Bi tp b sung
1. Chng t cc s sau l hp s:
A. 676767
B. 108 + 107 + 7
C. 175 + 244 + 1321
100
D. 311141111
E. 10 - 7
2. Cho s 360
a) Phn tch s 360 ra tha s nguyn t.

b) S 360 c bao nhiu c.

c) Tm tt c cc c ca 360
3. Cc s sau l s nguyn t hay hp s:
a) 1025
b) 113 + 123 + 133 + 143
4. Chng minh rng bnh phng ca mt s nguyn t khc 2 v 3 khi chia cho 12 u d 1.
5. Tm s n N*, sao cho n3 - n2 + n - 1 l s nguyn t.

I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.

13. c chung v c chung ln nht

III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng bng 601

IV. Bi tp
Bi 130: Cho A l tp hp cc s nguyn t
B l tp hp cc hp s
M l tp hp cc c ca 20
N l tp hp cc c ca 50
a) Tm A B
b) Tm M N
Bi 131: Cho C l tp hp cc s chia ht cho 3
D l tp hp cc s chia ht cho 9
Tm C D.
Bi 132: Tm CLN v C ca ba s 432; 504 v 720.
Bi 133: Mt cn phng hnh ch nht kch thc 630 x 480 (cm) c lt
loi gch hnh
vung. Mun cho hai hng gch cui cng st hai bc tng lin tip khng b ct xn th
kch thc ln nht ca vin gch l bao nhiu? lt cn phng cn bao nhiu vin gch?
Bi 134: Chng minh cc s sau y nguyn t cng nhau:
a) Hai s l lin tip.
b) 2n + 5 v 3n + 7 (n N)
Bi 135: Cho (a, b) = 1, chng minh rng:
a) (a, a b) = 1
b) (ab, a + b) = 1
Bi 136: Cho a, b l hai s t nhin khng nguyn t cng nhau,
a = 4n + 3; b = 5n + 1
(n N).
Tm (a, b).
Bi 137: CLN ca hai s l 45. S ln l 270, tm s nh.
Bi 138: Tm hai s bit tng ca chng l 162 v CLN ca chng l 18.
Bi 139: Tm hai s t nhin nh hn 200 bit hiu ca chng l 90 v CLN ca chng
l 15.
Bi 140: Tm hai s bit tch ca chng l 8748 v CLN ca chng l 27.
Bi 141: Cho a + 5b M7 (a, b N). Chng minh rng 10a + b M7. Mnh
o li c
ng khng?
Bi 142: Mt s t nhin a v 5 ln s c tng cc ch s nh nhau. Chng minh rng a
: 9.
Bi 143: C 64 ngi i tham quan bng hai loi xe: Loi 12 ch ngi v loi 7 ch ngi. Bit
s ngi i va s gh ngi, hi mi loi c my xe?
Bi tp b sung
1.
2.
3.
4.

Tm s t nhin a, b A = 4a1b chia ht cho 12

Tm hai s t nhin a,b bit tng ca chng l 128 v CLN ca a,b l 16.
Tm hai s t nhin a,b bit tch ca chng l 216 v CLN ca a,b l 6.
Cho hai s nguyn t cng nhau a v b.
Chng minh rng hai s 11a + 2b v 18a + 5b th hoc nguyn t cng nhau hoc c
mt c chung l 19
5. Cho hai s nguyen t cng nhau. Chng inh rng tch ab v tng a + b ca chng cng l
hai s nguyn t cng nhau.
6. Tm cc s t nhin a v b A = 25a2b chia ht cho 36 v s B = a378b chia ht cho
72.

7. Trong mt bui sinh hat ngoi kho c 252 em hc sinh khi lp 6 ; 210 em khi 7; 126
em khi 8. Ngi ta chia u s hc sinh mi khi vo tng nhm. Mi nhm u c hc
sinh 3 khi.
C bao nhiu cch thnh lp nhm, mi cch cho bao nhiu nhm, mi nhm c bao
nhiu ngi v s hc sinh mi khi trong mt nhm l bao nhiu.
14. Bi chung v bi chung nh nht
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
1. Tch ca hai s bng tch ca BCNN vi CLN ca chng.
ab =BCNN(a,b).CLN(a,b)
2. Nu ly BCNN(a,b) chia cho tng s a,b th thng ca chng l nhng s nguyn t cng
nhau.
3. Nu a Mm v a Mn th a MBCNN(m,n). T suy ra:
- Nu mt s chia ht cho hai s nguyn t cng nhau th n chia ht cho tch ca
chng.
- Nu mt s chia ht cho cc s nguyn t i mt cng nhau th n chia ht cho tch
ca chng.
III/ V d: Tm s t nhin nh nht c 3 ch s chia cho 18 ; 30; 45; c s d ln lt l: 8 ;
20; 35.
Gii
Gi s phi tm l a. Ta c: a + 10 chia ht cho 18; 30; 45.
Vy a + 10 BC (18,30,45).
BC (18,30,45) = 2.32.5 = 90.
Suy ra a + 10 = 90k ( kN*).
Hay a = 90k 10.
Vi k = 1 th a = 80 (mi c 2 ch s)
Vi k = 3th a = 170 (c 3 ch s)
Vy s cn tm l 170
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 144: Mt xe ln dnh cho ngi tn tt c chu vi bnh trc l 63cm, chu vi bnh sau l
186cm. Ngi ta nh du hai im tip t cu han bnh
xe ny. Hi bnh trc v bnh
suph ln t nht bao nhiu vng th hai im c nh du li cng tip t mt lc.
Bi 145: Ba hc sinh, mi ngi mua mt loi bt. Gi ba loi ln lt l
1200 ng, 1500
ng, 2 000 ng. Bit s tin phi tr l nh nhau, hi mi hc sinh mua t nht bao
nhiu bt?
Bi 146: Tm cc bi chung ln hn 5000 nhng nh hn 10000 ca cc s 126 ; 140 ; 180.
Bi 147: Mt s t nhin chia cho 12, 18, 21 u d 5. Tm s bit rng n xp
x
1000.
Bi 148: Khi 6 ca mt trng c cha ti 400 hc sinh, khi xp hng 10; 12; 15 u d 3 nhng nu xp hng 11 th khng d. Tnh s hc sinh khi 6.
Bi 149: Tm hai s t nhin a v b bit:
BCNN (a, b) = 300 ; CLN (a, b) = 15
Bi 150: Tm hai s t nhin a v b bit tch ca chng l 2940 v BCNN ca chng
l
210.
Bi 151: Tm hai s a v b bit tng ca BCNN vi CLN ca chng l 15.
Bi 152: Tm s t nhin a nh nht c 3 ch s sao cho chia cho 11 th d 5, chia cho 13
th d 8.
Bi 153: Chng minh rng nu a l mt s l khng chia ht cho 3 th
a2 1 : 6.
Bi 154: Chng minh rng tch ca 5 s t nhin lin tip chia ht cho 120.
Bi tp b sung
1.Tm s t nhin b nht khi chia cho 2; 5; 11 v 26 u d 1.
2. Tm cc s t nhin a, b bit
CLN(a,b) = 5 v BCNN(ab) = 105
3. Tm s t nhin nh nht khi chia cho 8 d 6, chia cho 12 d 10, chia cho 15 d 13 v cxhia
ht co 23.
4. Tm hai s c 3 ch s bit tng ca chng l bi ca 504 v th ng ca s ln chia cho
s nh l bi ca 6.
5. Cho BCN(a,b) = 60 v a = 12. Tm b?

6. Cho mt s A chia ht cho 7 v khi chia A ho 4 hoc hoc 6 u d 1. Tm A bit A <

400.
7. Tng s hc sinh khi 6 cua mt trng c khong t 235 n 250 em, khi chia cho 3 d 2,
chia cho 4 th d 3, chia cho 5 d 4, chia cho 6 d 5, chia 10 d 9. tm s hc sinh ca khi 6
Chuyn 4
Nguyn l iricl v bi ton chia ht
Bi 155: Chng minh rng trong 11 s t nhin bt k bao gi cng c t nht hai s c hai
ch s tn cng ging nhau.
Bi 154: Chng minh rng tn ti mt bi ca 13 gm ton ch s 2.
Bi 154: Cho dy s : 10; 102; 103; ...;1020.
Chng minh rng tn ti mt s chia 19 d 1.
Bi 158: Chng minh rng tn ti mt s l bi ca 19 c tng cc ch s bng 19.
Bi 159: Cho ba s l. Chng minh rng tn ti hai s c tng cc ch s
bng 19.
Bi 160: Cho ba s nguyn t ln hn 3. Chng minh rng tn ti hai s c tng hoc hiu
chia ht cho 12.
Bi 161: Chng minh rng trong ba s t nhin bt k lun chn c hai s c tng chia
ht cho 4.
Bi 162: Cho by s t nhin bt k, chng minh rng ta lun chon c ba s c tng chia
ht cho 4.
Bi 163: Cho nm s t nhin bt k, chng minh rng ta lun chn c ba
s c tng
chia ht cho 3.
Bi 164: Cho 5 s t nhin l bt k, chng minh rng ta lun chn c bn s c tng chia
ht cho 4.
Bi 165*: Vit 6 s t nhin vo 6 mt ca mt con sc sc. Chng minh rng khi ta gieo
sc sc xung mt bn th trong 5 mt c th nhn thy bao gi
cng tm c mt
hay nhiu mt tng cc s trn chia ht cho 5.
Bi tp b sung
n tp chng I
Bi 166: Thc hin php tnh bng cch hp l nht.
a) 19 + 19 +...+19 + 77 + 77 + ...+77
23 s hng
19 s hng
b) 1000! . (456.789789 789.456456)
Bi 167: Cho biu thc 252 84: 21 + 7
a) Tnh gi tr biu thc
b) Nu dng du ngoc th c th c nhng gi tr no khc.
Bi 168: Tm x bit:
a) x + (x + 1) + (2+x) +..+(x+30) = 1240
b) 1 + 2 + 3 +...+x = 210
Bi 169: Chin thng ng a vo ma xn nm 1978. Trong h m CAN
l nm no?
Bi 170: Chng minh:
a) 10n + 53 M9
b) 4343 -1717 M10
c) 555..5 chia ht cho 11 nhng khngchia ht cho 125
2n ch s 5
Bi 171: Tm s t nhin nh nht sso cho chia n cho 17 d 5 ; chia n cho 9
Bi 172: Ngy 1 thng 2 nm 2003 l ngy th 7.
a) Hi ngy 1 thng 3 ; ngy 1 thng 4 ca nm ny l ngy th my?
b) Ngy 1 thng 2 nmm 2004 l ngy th my?
Bi 173: Cho A = 4 + 42 + 43 + ...+ 423 + 424 . Chng minh :
A M20 ; A M21 ; A M420
Bi 174: Cho n = 29k vi k N. Vi gi tr no ca k th n l :
a) S nguyn t.
b) L hp s.

CHI nm

d 12

Bi 175: Tm x, y N bit (x+1)(2y-5) = 143.

Bi 176: Cho a l hp s, khi phn tch ra tha s nguyn t ch cha hai s

khc nhau p1 v p2. Bit a3 c tt c 40 c hi a2 c bao nhiu c ?
Bi 177: Tm a N bit 355 chia a d 13 v 836 chia cho a th d .
Bi 178*: Mt s t nhin chia cho 7 th d 5, chia cho 13 th d 4. Nu em
cho 91 th d bao nhiu?
Bi 179: Cho cc s 12 ; 18 ; 27
a) Tm s ln nht c 3 ch s chia ht cho cc s ?
b) Tm s nh nht c 4 ch s chia cho mi s u d 1?
Tm s nh nht c 4 ch s chia 12 d 10 ; chia 18 d 16 ; chia 27 d 25?

nguyn

s chia

Bi tp b sung chng I

Chng II. S nguyn

1. Tp hp Z cc s nguyn. Th t trong Z
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 180.
Bi 180
Bi 183: Cho A = {x Z | x > -9}
B = {x Z | x < - 4}
C = {x Z | x - 2}
Tm A B ; B C ; C A
Bi 181: Vit tp hp ba s nguyn lin tip trong c s 0.
Bi 182: S nguyn m ln nht c 3 ch s v s nguyn m nh nht c 2 ch s c phi
l 2 s nguyn lin tip nhau khng?
Bi 186: Tm cc gi tr thch hp ca a v b:
a) a00 > -111

a99 > - 600

c) cb3 < cba
d) -cba<c85
b)

Bi 187: Cho ba s nguyn a;b;0. bit a l mt s m v a<b. Hy sp xp 3 s theo

th t tng dn.
Bi 188: Trong cc mnh sau, mnh no ng, mnh no sai?
a) Nu a = b th | a | = | b |
b) Nu | a | = | b | th a = b
c) Nu | a | < | b | th a < b
Bi 189: Tm x bit:
a) | x | + | - 5 | = | 37 |
b) | -6 |.|x| = 54
Bi 190: Tm x, y, z Z bit : | x | + | y | + | z | = 0
Bi 191: Tm x Z, bit:
a) | x | < 10
c) | x | > -3
b) | x | > 21
d) | x | < -1
Bi tp b sung

I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.

2. Php cng hai s nguyn.

Tnh cht php cng hai s nguyn

III/ V d: Tnh tng S = (-351) + (-74) + 51 + (-126) + 149

IV. Bi tp:

192. Cho x {-3; -2; -1; 0; 1; 2;...; 10}

y { -1 ; 1; 0; 1; ...; 5}
Bit : x + y = 3.
193. Tnh nhanh :
a) -37 + 54 + (-70) + (-163) + 256
b) 359 + 181 + (-123) + 350 + (-172)
c) 69 + 53 + 46 + (-94) + (-14) +78
194. Tnh tng cc s nguyn x bit:
a) 17 x 18
b) |x| < 25
195. Cho S1 = 1 + (-3) +5 +(-7) + ...+17
S2 = -2 +4 +(-6) +...+(-18)
Tnh tng S1 + S2
196. Cho x v y l nhng s nguyn t c 3 ch s. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht
ca tng x + y.
197. Chng minh rng s i ca tng hai s bng tng hai s i ca chng.
198.Cho |x| = 5 ; |y| = 11. Tnh x + y
199*. Cho x, y l hai s nguyn cng du . Tnh + y bit |x| + |y| = 10.
200. Tnh tng :
a) S1 = a + |a| vi a Z.
b) S2 = a + |a| + a + |a| + ...+ a vi a Z- v c 101 s hng.
201*. Cho 18 s nguyn sao cho tng ca 6 s bt k trong cc s u l mt s m.
Gii thch v sao tng ca 18 s cng l mt s m? Bi ton cn ng khng nu
thay 18 s bng 19 s.

3. Php tr hai s nguyn

I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d:
IV. Bi tp:
202. Cho a v b cc gi tr trong bng sau. Tm hiu a b. Khng cn thc hin php tnh
cho bit b a.
a
b
a-b
b-a
77
55
-29
1
-13
-6
0
-19
203. Tm x bit (x + 153) (48 193) = 1 2 3 4.
204. Cho |x| = 7 ; |y| = 20 vi x, y Z. Tnh x y
205. Cho |x| 3; |y| 5 vi x,y Z. Bit x y = 2.
Tm x v y ?
206. Tm x Z bit :
a) |x + 8| = 6
b) | x+ a | = a vi a Z.
207. Tm x Z , bit:
1 < | x 2| < 4.
208. Tm x, y Z, bit | x + 35 40 | + | y + 10 11| 0.
209*. Cho x < y < 0 v |x| - |y| = 100. Tnh x y
210. Cho x {-2 ; -1; 0 ; 1; ...; 11}
y { -89; -88; - 87;...; -1; 0 ; 11}
Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr h nht ca x y.
211. Cho x, y Z.
a) Vi gi tr no ca x th biu thc A = 1000 - |x + 5| c GTLN, tm GTLN .
b) Vi gi tr no ca y th biu thc B = |y - 3| + 50 c GTNN, tm GTNN .
c) Vi gi tr no ca x, y th biu thc
C = | x 100 | + | y + 200 | - 1 c GTNN, tm GTNN .

Bi tp b sung
4.Quy tc chuyn v. Quy tc du ngoc
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
IV. Bi tp:
212. Tnh hp l:
a) -2003 + (-21+75 + 2003)
b) 1125 ( 374 + 1125) + (-65 +374)
213. t du ngoc mt cch hp l tnh cc tng i s sau:
a) 942 2567 + 2563 1942
b) 12 - 12 + 11 + 10 - 9 + 8 - 7 + 5 - 4 + 3 + 2 -1
214. Tm x bit:
a) 416 + ( x 45) = 387
b) 11 (x + 84) = 97
c) - (x + 84) + 213 = - 16
215. Chng minh ng thc:
a) - (- a + b + c) + ( b + c 1) = (b c + 6) ( 7 a + b) + c
216. Cho A = a + b 5;
B=-bc+1
C = b c 4;
D=ba
Chng minh A + B = C D
217. Cho a > b ; Tnh |S| bit:
S = - ( a b c ) + ( - c + b + a) ( a + b)
218. Cho M = a + b 1 v N = b + c 1. Bit M > N hi hiu a c dng hay m ?
219. Vit 5 s nguyn vo 5 nh ca mt ngi sao nm cnh sao cho tng ca hai s ti
hai nh lin nhau lun bng 6. Tm 5 s nguyn ?

Bi tp b sung
5. Php nhn hai s nguyn
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
1- Lu tha bc chn ca mt s nguyn m l mt s nguyn dng.
- Lu tha bc l ca mt s nguyn m l mt s nguyn m.
2. a b ac ab nu c > 0
a b ac ab nu c < 0
3. Gi r tuyt i ca mt tch bng tch cc gi tr tuyt i:
| a. b|
= |a|.|b|
4. Vi a Z th a2 0 ( du = xy ra khi v ch khi a = 0 )
III/ V d: Tm a, b Z bit a,b = 24 v a + b = - 10.
Gii
Ta thy ab > 0 nn a, b cng du
a + b = -10 nn a, b cng du m
Do a. b = 24 = (-1).(-24) = (-2).(-12)= (-3).(-8) = (-4).(-6)
Trong cc trnghp trn th ch c (-4) + (-6) = -10
Vy a = - 4; b = -6 hoc a = - 6; b = - 4
V d 2: Tm tt c cc cp s nguyn sao cho tng bng tch
Gii
Gi hai s cn tm l x v y
Ta c xy = x + y
xy x y = 0
xy x y + 1 = 1
x(y 1) (y 1) = 1

 (y 1)(x 1) = 1

y 1= x 1= 1
y 1= x 1 = 1

x = 2; y = 2
x = 0; y = 0

IV. Bi tp:
220. Tm x Z bit:
a) x(x+3) = 0
b) (x 2)(5 x) = 0
c) (x-1)(x2 + 1) = 0
221. Thu gn cc biu thc sau:
a) 7x 19x + 6x
b) ab ba
222. Cho A = (5m2 8m2 9m2)(-n3 + 4n3)
Vi gi tr no ca m v n th A 0
223. Tm x bit:
a) 12(x 5) + 7(3 x) = 5
b) 30(x + 2) 6(x 5) 24x =100
224. Tm x Z bit:
a) | 2x 5 | = 13
b) 7x + 3| = 66
c) | 5x 2| 0
225. Tm x Z bit:
a) (x 3) (2y + 1) = 7
b) (2x + 1) (3y 2) = - 55.
226. Tm x Z sao cho :
(x- 7) (x + 3) < 0
227. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc sau mt cch h l:
a) 125.(-61).(-2)3.(-1)2n (n N*)
b) 136.(-47) + 36.(-304)
c) (-48).72 + 36.(-304)
228. Tm x Z bit:
a) (x +1) + ( x+3) + (x + 5) + ... + (x + 99) = 0
b) (x -3) + ( x - 2) + (x - 1) + ... + 10 + 11 = 0
229. Cho m v n cc s nguyn dng:
A=

2+4+6+...+2m
m

B=

2+4+6+...+2n
n

Bit A < B hy so snh m v n

230*. Cho 16 s nguyn. Tch ca 3 s bt k lun l mt s m. Chng minh rng tch
ca 16 s l mt s dng.
231. B du ngoc v thu gn biu thc:
a) (a + b)(a + b)
b) (a b)(a b)
c) (a + b)(a b)
232. Chng minh rng trong 3 s nguyn lin tip th bnh phng ca s gia hn tich hai
s kia ng 1 n v.
233. Cho a = - 20 ; b c = - 5, hy tm A bit
A2 = b(a c) c(a b)
234. Bin i tng thnh tch:
a) ab ac + ad
b) ac + ad bc bd
235. Cho a, b , c Z. Bit ab ac + bc c2 = -1
Chng minh a v b l hai s i nhau.
236*. Tm x, y Z bit :
a) xy + 3x 7y = 21
b) xy + 3x 2y = 11

Bi tp b sung
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.

6. Bi v c ca mt s nguyn

10

1. Cc tnh cht v chia ht (hay khng chia ht) i vi s t nhin vn ng vi s

nguyn.
2. Nu al bi ca b th - a cng l bi ca b. Nu b l c ca a th -b cng l c ca a.
Do nu s nguyn m c k c t nhin th c thm k c m ( l cc s i ca cc c t
nhin).
3. Ch :
- Trong tp hp s Z , mt s chia 3 d 1; d 2 c biu di bi cng thc 3k + 1; 3k + 2
hoc gp li l 3k 1.
- S l c vit l 2k + 1 hoc 2k 1
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
237. Cc s sau c bao nhiu c?
a) 54
;
b) 196.
238. Chng minh rng nu a Mb th |a| M|b|
239. Vi n Z, cc s sau l chn hay l?
A = (n 4)(n 15)
B = n2 n 1
240. Co a, b , x , y Z trong x , y khng i nhau. Chng minh rng nu ax by
th ay bx Mx + y
241. Tm cc gi tr nguyn dng nh hn 10 ca x v y sao cho
3x 4y = -21 (Phng trnh iphng)
242. Cho S = 1 3 + 32 33 + ... + 398 399.
a) Chg minh rng S l bi ca 20
b) Tnh S, t suy ra 3100 chia cho 4 d 1.
243. Tm s nguyn dng n sao cho n + 2 l c ca 111 cn n 2 l bi ca 11.
244. Tm n Z ;
a) 4n 5 Mn
b) -11 l bi ca n 1
c) 2n 1 l c ca 3n + 2.
245. Tm n Z sao cho :
n 1 l bi ca n + 5 v n + 5 l bi ca n 1
246*. Tm n Z :
a) n2 7 l bi ca n + 3
b) n + 3 l bi ca n2 7

Mx+ y

M M
Bi tp b sung
7. n tp chng II
V d: Tm x, y, z bit :
x y = - 9 ; y x = 10 ; z + x = 11
V d: Cho x Z hy so snh x2 v x3
Ch : so snh A v B ta thng xt hiu A B .
Nu A B > 0 th A > B ; Nu A B < 0 th A < B
Bi tp:
247. Tnh gi tr ca bi thc A vi x = - 43; y = 17
A = - 125(x + x + ...+ x y y ... y)
(x c 8 s hng, y c 8 s hng)
248. Cho biu thc B = 1
10 100. Hy in vo c trng du ca cc php tnh cng,
tr, nhn , chia v thm du ngoc (nu cn) B l s nguyn ln nht, s nguyn nh
nht.
249. Tm x Z bit 2 |x| 5
250. Tm x Z
a) 3x + 5 = 41
b) 52 - | x | = 80
c) |7x + 1| = 20
251. Cho A = {6 ;7; 8; 9 }
; B = { - 1; - 2; - 3; 4; 8}
a) C bao nhiu hiu dng a b vi a A; b B
b) C bao nhiu hiu chi ht cho 5
c) C bao nhiu hiu l s nguyn m ?
252. S (-3)20 + c phi l tch ca hai s nguyn lin tip khng ?

11

253. Tm x Z bit (x + 5)(3x 12) > 0

254. Tm x Z bit (x3+ 5)(x3 + 10)(x3 + 30) < 0
255. Tm x, y Z bit (x 7)(xy + 1) = 9
256. Cho a, b, c, d Z .
Bit tch ab l s lin sau ca tch cd v a + b = c + d.
Chng minh rng a = b
257. Tm hai s nguyn m tch ca chng bng hiu ca chng.
I/ Kin thc c bn

Chuyn Phng trnh iphng

II/ V d: 1
V d: Tm hai s t nhin x v y sao cho
2x + 5y = 19
Cch 1: V x,y N 5y 19 y < 4
Mt khc v 19 l s l nn 2x + 5y l s l
2x l s chn v 5y l s l:
Do y = 1 hoc y = 3.
Vi y = 1 ta c: 2x + 5.1 = 19
2x = 14
x =7
Vi y = 3, ta c: 2x + 5.3 = 19
2x = 4
x=2
Vy vi x = 7 v y = 1 ; x = 2 v y = 3
Cch 2: T (1) ta c:

19 - 15y
y-1
= 10 - 3y +
2
2
y-1
x N th
N hay y = 2n + 1 vi n N, do x = 7 5n 0
2
x=

n = 0 hoc n = 1. Tng ng ta c x, y.
V d 2: Trm tru trm c. Tru ng n nm, tru nm n ba, l kh tru gi, ba con
mt b. Hi s tru mi loi?
Bi tp:
Chng III. Phn s
Bi 1. M rng khi nim v phn s. Hai phn s bng nhau.
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: Tm x, y Z bit :

x
3
=
v x < y < 0
15
y

IV. Bi tp:
258. Trong cc s sau, s no l phn s:

-5
7

43
1

5
(a Z)
a-3

9
(a Z) ;
a 5
2

7: 2a
(a Z)
10

259. Cho n N, hi sau n gi th kim g quay c bao nhiu vng? Vi gi tr no ca n

th vng quay l s t nhin.
260. Vit cc phn s di y di dng phn s c mu s dng, bit a Z

3
-4

-5
a-3

vi a < 3

6
2

-a -1

261. T ba s 2, 10, 50, trong c 1 s c dng hai ln hy vit cc cp phn s bng

nhau
262. Trong cc phn s sau, nhng phn s no bng nhau?

12

15
-17
6
28
3
;
;
;
;
60
5
15
-20
12
263. Tm x Z , bit :
a)

111
91
<x<
37
13

264. Cho A =

b)

-84
108
< 3x <
14
9

3n- 5
n+4

Tm x Z A c gi tr nguyn.
265. Tm n Z cc phn s sau c gi tr nguyn:

12 ; 15
n
n-2

266. Tm x Z, bit :
a)

x-1= 8
9
3

267. Tm x, y Z bit:
a)

x = 9
7
y

v x > y

8
n+1
b)

-x = -4
9
x
b)

-2 = y
x
5

c)

x = 18
4
x+1

v x < y < 0

268. Tm x, y Z bit:

x - 4 = 4 v x y = 5
y-3 3
Bi 2. Tnh cht c bn ca phn s. Rt gn phn s
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 3. Quy ng mu s nhiu phn s. So snh phn s
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
4. Chuyn
Mt s phng php c bit so snh hai phn s
Bi 5. Php cng phn s. Tnh cht c bn php cng phn s
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 6. Php tr phn s.
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:

13

Bi 7. Php nhn phn s. Tnh cht c bn ca php nhn phn s.

I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 8. Chuyn : Tng cc phn s vit theo quy lut
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 9. Php chia phn s
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 10. Hn s. S thp phn. Phn trm.
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 11. Ba bi ton c bn v phn s.
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
12. Chuyn
Ton cng vic lm ng thi
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 13. Chuyn
Ton v tnh tui.
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
14. n tp chng

14

1. Cho A =

x +5
. Tm x :
x +2

a) C gi tr l mt s nguyn b) A c gi tr ln nht
2. Tm cp s nguyn (x;y) bit;
x -1 1
1
3x +1 2 y 2
+ =
+
= v x - y = -1
a)
b)
9
3 y +2
18
12 9
3. Cho A =

2x +5
. Tm x Z :
2x 1

a) A l phn s ?
b) A l mt s nguyn
c) Tm x A c gi tr ln nht, nh nht?
4. Tm s nguyn x bit;
a)

x 2 x x + 1 2x + 1 3
3
10
6
12
+
+
+
= b)
+

=
2
3
4
6
8
2x + 1 4 x + 2 6x + 3 26

5. Chng minh
a)

1 1
1
1
<
+
+ ... +
<1
2 51 52
100

6. Cho S =

b)

7
1
1
1
5
<
+
+ ... +
<
12 21 22
40 6

6
6
6
+
+ ... +
15 16
19

a) Chng minh rng 1 < S < 2

b) T cu a hy suy ra S Z
7. Cho A =

4n +1
. Tm n Z :
2n +3

a) A l mt s nguyn
b) Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca A?
8. Tm hai s nguyn a v b bit rng :

a 1
1
=
.
7 2 b +1

1
1
n

=
a a + n a(a + n)
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
S1 =
1. 2 2. 3
99.100
2
2
2
+
+ ... +
S3 =
10.12 12.14
999.1000

9. a) Chng minh:

S2 =

4
4
4
+
+ ... +
1.5 5.9
2001.2005

10. Tm xN sao cho

5
5
5
2005
+
+ ... +
=
1.6 6.11
(5 x +1)(5 x + 6) 2006
2
2
2
+
+ ... +
11. Cho P =
1.3 3.5
(2n +1)(2n + 3)
Chng minh P < 1, n N*
12. a) Chng minh n N, n > 1 ta c

1
1 1
1
1
> 2>
+
n -1 n n
n -1 n

15

b) p dng cu (a) hy chng minh

13. Tnh gi tr biu thc : S =

99
1 1
1
99
> 2 + 2 + ... +
>
2
100 2 3
100
202

1
1
1
+
+ ... +
1.4 4.7
2002.2005

p dng tnh:
P=

3
3
3
+
+ ... +
1.6 6.11
96.101

Q=

1
1
1
+
+ ... +
1.2.3 2.3.4
98.99.100

14. Tnh gi tr biu thc sau:

1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
+ 2 + 3 + ... + 2006
B = + 2 3 + ... + 100 101
2 2
2
2
3 3
3
3
3
1 1
1
1+ +
+ ... +
3
5
999
C=
1
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
+
1.999 3.997
997.3 999.1
A = 1+

15. Chng minh rng:

a)

1 1
1
1
+ 3 + ... +
<
2
2
5 6
2007
4

Phng GD
Qun Cu giy

b)

1 1
1
1
+ 3 + ... +
>
2
2
5 6
2007
5

KTCL Hc sinh gii vng II nm 2005 - 2006

Mn Ton 6 - thi gian 120 pht

Bi 1( 4):
Tnh nhanh:
A = 1 + 3 - 5 -7 + 9 + 11 ... - 397 - 399
B = 2100 - 299 - 298 - ... - 22 - 21 - 1
Bi 2 (4):
S 36 chia cho s nguyn a ri tr i a. Ly kt qu ny chia cho a ri tr i a. Li ly
kt qu ny chia cho a ri tr i a. Cui cng c s -a. Tm s a?
Bi 3(3):
Cho bit a + 4b chia ht cho 13, (a,bN). Chng minh 10a + b chia ht cho 13.
Bi 4 ( 3):
Cho phn s

57643
. Hy tm mt s nguyn sao cho khi t s cng vi s v mu
85357

s tr i s ta c phn s bng

7
.
6

Bi 5 ( 6):
Cho gc BOC bng 750 . A l mt im nm trong gc BOC. Bit gc BOA bng 40 0.
a) Tnh gc AOC.
b) V OD l tia i ca OA. So snh hai gc BOD v COD.

M
1) Cho biu thc A =

2n + 2
vi n Z.
2n 4

a) Vi gi tr no ca A th A l phn s.

16

b) Tm gi tr ca A A l s nguyn.
2. Rt gn phn s :
a) M =

9 4.27 5.36.34
38.814.234.8 2

b) N =

4 6.95 + 69.120
84.312 611

1
1
v
(n Z n > 0). Chng t rng;
n
n +1
1
1
1
1
.
=
.
n n +1
n n +1

3. Cho hai phn s

p dng tnh:
a)

1
1
1
1
+
+
...
2.3
3.4 4.5
99.100

b)

1
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
+
+
+
30 42 56 72 90 110

1
132

17