(Trithuctoan, Blogpot - Com) 200 Cau HH Toa Do Phang Tran Si Tung

Trn S Tng
http://trithuctoan.blogspot.com/PP to trong mt phng

TP 01: NG THNG
Cu 1.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho 2 ng thng d1 : x - 7 y + 17 = 0 ,
d2 : x + y - 5 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) qua im M(0;1) to vi d1, d2 mt tam

gic cn ti giao im ca d1, d2 .
Phng trnh ng phn gic gc to bi d1, d2 l:

x - 7 y + 17
x+ y-5
x + 3y - 13 = 0 (D1 )
=
3 x - y - 4 = 0 (D2 )
12 + (-7)2
12 + 12
ng thng cn tm i qua M(0;1) v song song vi D1 hoc D2 .
KL: x + 3y - 3 = 0 v 3 x - y + 1 = 0
Cu 2.
Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy, cho cho hai ng thng d1 : 2 x - y + 5 = 0 .
d2 : 3 x + 6 y 7 = 0 . Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua im P(2; 1) sao cho ng thng

ct hai ng thng d1 v d2 to ra mt tam gic cn c nh l giao im ca hai ng
thng d1, d2.
r
r
d1 VTCP a1 = (2; -1) ; d2 VTCP a2 = (3;6)
uur uur
Ta c: a1.a2 = 2.3 - 1.6 = 0 nn d1 ^ d2 v d1 ct d2 ti mt im I khc P. Gi d l ng
thng i qua P( 2; 1) c phng trnh: d : A( x - 2) + B( y + 1) = 0 Ax + By - 2 A + B = 0
d ct d1, d2 to ra mt tam gic cn c nh I khi d to vi d1 ( hoc d2) mt gc 450
2A - B
A = 3B
= cos 450 3 A2 - 8 AB - 3B 2 = 0
B = -3 A
A2 + B2 22 + (-1)2
* Nu A = 3B ta c ng thng d : 3 x + y - 5 = 0
* Nu B = 3A ta c ng thng d : x - 3y - 5 = 0
Vy c hai ng thng tho mn yu cu bi ton. d : 3x + y - 5 = 0 ; d : x - 3y - 5 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) d1 : x - 7 y + 17 = 0 , d2 : x + y - 5 = 0 , P(0;1) .
S: x + 3y - 3 = 0 ; 3 x - y + 1 = 0 .
Cu 3.
Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hai ng thng d1 : 3x + y + 5 = 0 , d2 : 3 x + y + 1 = 0 v im
I (1; -2) . Vit phng trnh ng thng D i qua I v ct d1, d2 ln lt ti A v B sao cho
AB = 2 2 .
uur
uur
Gi s A(a; -3a - 5) d1; B(b; -3b - 1) d2 ; IA = (a - 1; -3a - 3); IB = (b - 1; -3b + 1)
uur
uur
b - 1 = k (a - 1)
I, A, B thng hng IB = kIA
-3b + 1 = k (-3a - 3)
Nu a = 1 th b = 1 AB = 4 (khng tho).
b -1
Nu a 1 th -3b + 1 =
(-3a - 3) a = 3b - 2
a -1
2
AB = (b - a)2 + 3(a - b) + 4 = 2 2 t 2 + (3t + 4)2 = 8 (vi t = a - b ).

2
5
+ Vi t = -2 a - b = -2 b = 0, a = -2 D : x + y + 1 = 0
5t 2 + 12t + 4 = 0 t = -2; t = -
Trang 1
PP to trong mthttp://trithuctoan.blogspot.com/
phng
+ Vi t =
Cu 4.
Trn S Tng
-2
-2
4
2
a-b =
b = , a = D : 7x - y - 9 = 0
5
5
5
5
Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy, cho hai ng thng d1 : x + y + 1 = 0 ,
d2 : 2 x y 1 = 0 . Lp phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua M(1;1) ct (d1) v (d2) tng

uuur uuur r
ng ti A v B sao cho 2 MA + MB = 0 .
Gi s: A(a; uuur
a1),uuur
B(b; r2b 1).
T iu kin 2 MA + MB = 0 tm c A(1; 2), B(1;1) suy ra (d): x 1 = 0
Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im M(1; 0). Lp phng trnh ng thng (d)
i qua M v ct hai ng thng d1 : x + y + 1 = 0, d2 : x 2 y + 2 = 0 ln lt ti A, B sao cho
MB = 3MA.
uuur
A (d1 )
A(a; -1 - a) uuur
MA = (a - 1; -1 - a)
(
d
)
B
(2
b
2;
b
)
MB = (2b - 3; b)
2
uuur
uuur
uuur
uuur
T A, B, M thng hng v MB = 3MA MB = 3MA (1) hoc MB = -3MA (2)
2 1
A 0; -1)
A - ;-
(1) 3 3 (d ) : x - 5y - 1 = 0 hoc (2) (
(d ) : x - y - 1 = 0
B(4;3)
B(-4; -1)
Cu 5.
Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im M(1; 1). Lp phng trnh ng thng (d)
i qua M v ct hai ng thng d1 : 3x - y - 5 = 0, d2 : x + y - 4 = 0 ln lt ti A, B sao cho
Cu 6.
2 MA 3MB = 0 .
Gi s A(a;3a - 5) d1 , B(b;4 - b) d2 .
uuur
uuur
2 MA = 3MB (1)
uuur
V A, B, M thng hng v 2 MA = 3MB nn uuur
2
MA
=
3
MB (2)
5
5 5
2(a - 1) = 3(b - 1)
a =
+ (1)
A ; , B(2;2) . Suy ra d : x - y = 0 .
2
2(3a - 6) = 3(3 - b)
2 2
b = 2
2(a - 1) = -3(b - 1)
a = 1
+ (2)
A(1; -2), B(1;3) . Suy ra d : x - 1 = 0 .

2(3a - 6) = -3(3 - b)
b = 1
Vy c d : x - y = 0 hoc d : x - 1 = 0 .
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho im M(3; 1). Vit phng trnh ng thng d i
qua M ct cc tia Ox, Oy ti A v B sao cho (OA + 3OB) nh nht.
Cu 7.
PT ng thng d ct tia Ox ti A(a;0), tia Oy ti B(0;b):

M(3; 1) d 1 =
x y
+ = 1 (a,b>0)
a b
3 1 C - si 3 1
+
2 . ab 12 .
a b
a b
a = 3b
a = 6
M OA + 3OB = a + 3b 2 3ab = 12 (OA + 3OB)min = 12 3 1 1
b = 2
a = b = 2
x y
Phng trnh ng thng d l: + = 1 x + 3y - 6 = 0
6 2
Trang 2
Trn S Tng
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, vit phng trnh ng thng D i qua im M(4;1)

v ct cc tia Ox, Oy ln lt ti A v B sao cho gi tr ca tng OA + OB nh nht.
x + 2y - 6 = 0
Cu 8.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im M(1; 2)

9
4
v ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti A, B khc O sao cho
nh nht.
+
OA2 OB 2
ng thng (d) i qua M(1;2) v ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti A, B khc O, nn
x y
A(a; 0); B(0; b) vi a.b 0 Phng trnh ca (d) c dng + = 1 .
a b
1 2
V (d) qua M nn + = 1 . p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacpski ta c :
a b
Cu 9.
1 2 1 3
2 1 9
4
9
4
9
9
4
9
1 = + = . + 1. + 1 +
+ 2
+
.
2
2
2
2
2
b 9 a
10
10
b
a
b
OA
OB
a b 3 a
1 3
2
1 2
20
Du bng xy ra khi : = 1: v
+ = 1 a = 10, b =
d : 2 x + 9 y - 20 = 0 .
3 a
b
a b
9
Cu 10. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, vit phng trnh ng thng D i qua im M(3;1)
v ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti B v C sao cho tam gic ABC cn ti A vi A(2;2).

x + 3y - 6 = 0; x - y - 2 = 0
Cu 11. Trong mt phng vi h ta (Oxy). Lp phng trnh ng thng d qua M(2;1) v to
vi cc trc ta mt tam gic c din tch bng S = 4 .
Gi A(a;0), B(0; b) (a, b 0) l giao im ca d vi Ox, Oy, suy ra: d :
x y
+ =1 .
a b
2 1
2b + a = ab
+ =1
Theo gi thit, ta c: a b
.
ab
=
8
ab = 8
Khi ab = 8 th 2b + a = 8 . Nn: b = 2; a = 4 d1 : x + 2 y - 4 = 0 .
Khi ab = -8 th 2b + a = -8 . Ta c: b2 + 4b - 4 = 0 b = -2 2 2 .
+ Vi b = -2 + 2 2 d : (1 - 2 ) x + 2 (1 + 2 ) y - 4 = 0
+ Vi b = -2 - 2 2 d : (1 + 2 ) x + 2 (1 - 2 ) y + 4 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) M (8;6), S = 12 .
S: d : 3x - 2 y - 12 = 0 ; d : 3 x - 8y + 24 = 0
Cu 12. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im A(2; 1) v ng thng d c phng trnh
2 x y + 3 = 0 . Lp phng trnh ng thng (D) qua A v to vi d mt gc c cos

1
=
.
10
PT ng thng (D) c dng: a( x 2) + b( y + 1) = 0 ax + by 2a + b = 0 (a2 + b2 0)

Ta c: cos a =
2a - b
7a2 8ab + b2 = 0. Chon a = 1 b = 1; b = 7.
10
5(a2 + b2 )
(D1): x + y 1 = 0 v (D2): x + 7y + 5 = 0
Trang 3
phng
Trn S Tng
Cu 13. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im A(2;1) v ng thng d : 2 x + 3y + 4 = 0 .
Lp phng trnh ng thng D i qua A v to vi ng thng d mt gc 450 .
PT ng thng (D) c dng: a( x 2) + b( y - 1) = 0 ax + by (2a + b) = 0 (a2 + b2 0) .

2a + 3b
Ta c: cos 450 =
a = 5b
5a2 - 24ab - 5b2 = 0
5a = - b
13. a2 + b2
+ Vi a = 5b . Chn a = 5, b = 1 Phng trnh D : 5x + y - 11 = 0 .
+ Vi 5a = -b . Chn a = 1, b = -5 Phng trnh D : x - 5y + 3 = 0 .
Cu 14. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy , cho ng thng d : 2 x - y - 2 = 0 v im I(1;1) .
Lp phng trnh ng thng D cch im I mt khong bng
10 v to vi ng thng
d mt gc bng 45 .
Gi s phng trnh ng thng D c dng: ax + by + c = 0 (a2 + b2 0) .

V (
d , D) = 450 nn
2a - b
2
a +b . 5
a = 3b
b = -3a
2
4+c
c = 6
= 10
c = -14
10
-2 + c
c = -8
Vi b = -3a D: x - 3y + c = 0 . Mt khc d ( I ; D) = 10
= 10
c = 12
10
Vi a = 3b D: 3x + y + c = 0 . Mt khc d ( I ; D) = 10
Vy cc ng thng cn tm: 3 x + y + 6 = 0; 3 x + y - 14 = 0 ; x - 3y - 8 = 0; x - 3y + 12 = 0 .
Cu 15. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho im M (0; 2) v hai ng thng d1 , d2 c
phng trnh ln lt l 3x + y + 2 = 0 v x - 3y + 4 = 0 . Gi A l giao im ca d1 v d2 .

Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M, ct 2 ng thng d1 v d2 ln lt ti B , C
( B v C khc A ) sao cho
t gi tr nh nht.
AB 2 AC 2
A = d1 d2 A(-1;1) . Ta c d1 ^ d2 . Gi D l ng thng cn tm. H l hnh chiu
vung gc ca A trn D . ta c:
1
1
AB
1
AC
=
1
1
AH
1
AM 2
(khng i)
khi H M, hay D l ng thng i qua M

AB
AC
AM 2
v vung gc vi AM. Phng trnh D: x + y - 2 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi M(1; -2) , d1 : 3x + y + 5 = 0 , d2 : x - 3y + 5 = 0 .
S: D : x + y + 1 = 0 .
t gi tr nh nht bng
Cu 16. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho ng thng (d ) : x 3y 4 = 0 v ng
trn (C ) : x 2 + y 2 4 y = 0 . Tm M thuc (d) v N thuc (C) sao cho chng i xng qua im
A(3; 1).
M (d) M(3b+4; b) N(2 3b; 2 b)
6
N (C) (2 3b)2 + (2 b)2 4(2 b) = 0 b = 0; b =
5
Trang 4
Trn S Tng
38 6
8 4
Vy c hai cp im: M(4;0) v N(2;2) hoc M ; , N - ;
5 5
5 5
Cu 17. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho im A(1; 1) v ng thng D: 2 x + 3y + 4 = 0 . Tm
im B thuc ng thng D sao cho ng thng AB v D hp vi nhau gc 450 .

r
x = 1 - 3t
D c PTTS:
v VTCP u = (-3;2) . Gi s B(1 - 3t; -2 + 2t ) D .
y = -2 + 2t
15
uuur r
uuur r
t = 13
1
AB.u
1
2
0
( AB, D) = 45 cos( AB; u) =
169t - 156t - 45 = 0
.
r =
AB. u
2
2
t = - 3
13
32 4
22 32
Vy cc im cn tm l: B1 - ; , B2 ; - .
13 13
13 13
Cu 18. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng d : x - 3y - 6 = 0 v im N(3; 4) .
Tm ta im M thuc ng thng d sao cho tam gic OMN (O l gc ta ) c din tch

15
bng .
2
uuur
Ta c ON = (3; 4) , ON = 5, PT ng thng ON: 4 x - 3y = 0 . Gi s M (3m + 6; m) d .
2S
1
Khi ta c SDONM = d ( M , ON ).ON d ( M , ON ) = DONM = 3
2
ON
4.(3m + 6) - 3m
-13
= 3 9m + 24 = 15 m = -1; m =
5
3
-13
-13
+ Vi m = -1 M (3; -1)
+ Vi m =
M -7;
3
3
Cu 19. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho im A(0;2) v ng thng d : x - 2 y + 2 = 0 . Tm
trn ng thng d hai im B, C sao cho tam gic ABC vung B v AB = 2BC .
Gi s B(2b - 2; b), C (2c - 2; c) d .
uuur r
2 6
2 5
5
V DABC vung B nn AB ^ d AB.ud = 0 B ; AB =
BC =
5
5
5 5
c = 1 C (0;1)
5
1
BC =
125c2 - 300c + 180 =

4 7
7
c = C ;
5
5
5
5 5
Cu 20. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hai ng thng d1 : x + y - 3 = 0 , d2 : x + y - 9 = 0 v
im A(1; 4) . Tm im B d1, C d2 sao cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A.

uuur
uuur
Gi B(b;3 - b) d1, C (c;9 - c) d2 AB = (b - 1; -1 - b) , AC = (c - 1;5 - c) .
uuur uuur
(b - 1)(c - 1) - (b + 1)(5 - c) = 0
AB. AC = 0
DABC vung cn ti A
2
2
2
2 (*)
AB = AC
(b - 1) + (b + 1) = (c - 1) + (5 - c)
V c = 1 khng l nghim ca (*) nn
Trang 5
phng
Trn S Tng
(b + 1)(5 - c)
(1)
b - 1 =
c -1
(*)
(5 - c)2
(b + 1)2
+ (b + 1)2 = (c - 1)2 + (5 - c)2 (2)
2
(c - 1)
b = c - 2
T (2) (b + 1)2 = (c - 1)2
.
b = -c
+ Vi b = c - 2 , thay vo (1) ta c c = 4, b = 2 B(2;1), C (4;5) .
+ Vi b = -c , thay vo (1) ta c c = 2, b = -2 B(-2;5), C (2;7) .
Vy: B(2;1), C (4;5) hoc B(-2;5), C (2;7) .
Cu 21. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho cc im A(0; 1) B(2; 1) v cc ng thng c
phng trnh: d1 : (m 1) x + (m 2) y + 2 m = 0 ; d2 : (2 m) x + (m 1) y + 3m 5 = 0 . Chng

minh d1 v d2 lun ct nhau. Gi P = d1 d2. Tm m sao cho PA + PB ln nht.
(m - 1) x + (m - 2)y = m - 2
Xt H PT:
.
(2 - m) x + (m - 1)y = -3m + 5
2
3 1
m -1 m - 2
Ta c D =
= 2 m - + > 0, "m
2 - m m -1
2 2
d1, d2 lun ct nhau. Ta c: A(0;1) d1, B(2; -1) d2 , d1 ^ d2 D APB vung ti P P

nm trn ng trn ng knh AB. Ta c: ( PA + PB)2 2( PA2 + PB2 ) = 2 AB 2 = 16
PA + PB 4 . Du "=" xy ra PA = PB P l trung im ca cung
AB
P(2; 1) hoc P(0; 1) m = 1 hoc m = 2 . Vy PA + PB ln nht m = 1 hoc

m =2.
Cu 22. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho ng thng (D): x 2 y 2 = 0 v hai im A(-1;2) ,
B(3;4) . Tm im M(D) sao cho 2 MA2 + MB2 c gi tr nh nht.

uuur
uuur
Gi s M M (2t + 2; t ) D AM = (2t + 3; t - 2), BM = (2t - 1; t - 4)
2
26 2
Ta c: 2 AM 2 + BM 2 = 15t 2 + 4t + 43 = f (t ) min f (t ) = f - M ; -
15
15 15
Cu 23. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho ng thng d : 2 x - y + 3 = 0 v 2 im A(1; 0), B(2;1) .
Tm im M trn d sao cho MA + MB nh nht.

Ta c: (2 x A - y A + 3).(2 x B - yB + 3) = 30 > 0 A, B nm cng pha i vi d.
Gi A l im i xng ca A qua d A(-3;2) Phng trnh AB : x + 5y - 7 = 0 .
Vi mi im M d, ta c: MA + MB = MA + MB AB .
M MA + MB nh nht A, M, B thng hng M l giao im ca AB vi d.
8 17
Khi : M - ; .
11 11
Trang 6
Trn S Tng
TP 02: NG TRN
Cu 1.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, gi A, B l cc giao im ca ng thng (d):
2 x y 5 = 0 v ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 - 20 x + 50 = 0 . Hy vit phng trnh ng trn

(C) i qua ba im A, B, C(1; 1).
A(3; 1), B(5; 5) (C): x 2 + y 2 - 4 x - 8y + 10 = 0

3
, A(2; 3),
2
B(3; 2), trng tm ca DABC nm trn ng thng d : 3x y 8 = 0 . Vit phng trnh
ng trn i qua 3 im A, B, C.
Tm c C (1; -1) , C2 (-2; -10) .
1
11
11
16
+ Vi C1(1; -1) (C): x 2 + y 2 - x + y +
=0
3
3
3
91
91
416
+ Vi C2 (-2; -10) (C): x 2 + y 2 - x + y +
=0
3
3
3
Cu 2.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng
Cu 3.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ba ng thng: d1 : 2 x + y - 3 = 0 ,
d2 : 3 x + 4 y + 5 = 0 , d3 : 4 x + 3y + 2 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc d1 v

tip xc vi d2 v d3.
Gi tm ng trn l I (t;3 - 2t ) d1.
3t + 4(3 - 2t ) + 5 4t + 3(3 - 2t ) + 2
t = 2
=

5
5
t = 4
49
9
Vy c 2 ng trn tho mn: ( x - 2)2 + ( y + 1)2 =
v ( x - 4)2 + ( y + 5)2 =
.
25
25
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi d1 : x 6 y 10 = 0 , d2 : 3 x + 4 y + 5 = 0 , d3 : 4 x - 3y - 5 = 0 .
Khi : d (I , d2 ) = d ( I , d3 )
10
70 7
S: ( x - 10) + y = 49 hoc x - + y + = .
43
43 43
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hai ng thng D : x + 3y + 8 = 0 ,

D ' :3x - 4 y + 10 = 0 v im A(2; 1). Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc ng
thng D , i qua im A v tip xc vi ng thng D.
Cu 4.
Gi s tm I (-3t - 8; t ) D.. Ta c: d ( I , D ) = IA
3(-3t - 8) - 4t + 10
2
3 +4
= (-3t - 8 + 2)2 + (t - 1)2 t = -3 I (1; -3), R = 5
PT ng trn cn tm: ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 3)2 = 25 .

Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hai ng thng D : 4 x - 3y + 3 = 0 v
D ' : 3 x - 4 y - 31 = 0 . Lp phng trnh ng trn (C ) tip xc vi ng thng D ti im
c tung bng 9 v tip xc vi D '. Tm ta tip im ca (C ) v D ' .
Cu 5.
Gi I (a; b) l tm ca ng trn (C). (C ) tip xc vi D ti im M(6;9) v (C ) tip

xc vi D nn
Trang 7
phng
Trn S Tng
4a - 3b + 3 3a - 4b - 31
54 - 3a
duuu
(rI , D) = d (I , D ')
4a - 3
=
+ 3 = 6a - 85
5
5
4
IM ^ uD = (3; 4)
3(a - 6) + 4(b - 9) = 0
3a + 4b = 54
25a - 150 = 4 6a - 85
a = 10; b = 6
54 - 3a
a = -190; b = 156
b =
4
Vy: (C ) : ( x - 10)2 + ( y - 6)2 = 25 tip xc vi D ' ti N(13;2)
hoc (C ) : ( x + 190)2 + ( y - 156)2 = 60025 tip xc vi D ' ti N(-43; -40)
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, vit phng trnh ng trn i qua A(2; -1) v tip
xc vi cc trc to .
( x - a)2 + ( y + a)2 = a2 (a)
Phng trnh ng trn c dng:
2
2
2
( x - a) + ( y - a) = a (b)
a) a = 1; a = 5
b) v nghim.
Cu 6.
Kt lun: ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 1 v ( x - 5)2 + ( y + 5)2 = 25 .

Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng (d ) : 2 x - y - 4 = 0 . Lp phng
trnh ng trn tip xc vi cc trc ta v c tm trn ng thng (d).
4
Gi I (m;2m - 4) (d ) l tm ng trn cn tm. Ta c: m = 2m - 4 m = 4, m = .
3
Cu 7.
4
4 16
4
m = th phng trnh ng trn l: x - + y + = .
3
3
3
9
m = 4 th phng trnh ng trn l: ( x - 4)2 + ( y - 4)2 = 16 .

Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im A(1;1) v B(3;3), ng thng (D):
3x 4 y + 8 = 0 . Lp phng trnh ng trn qua A, B v tip xc vi ng thng (D).
Cu 8.
Tm I ca ng trn nm
uuurtrn ng trung trc d ca on AB
d qua M(1; 2) c VTPT l AB = (4;2) d: 2x + y 4 = 0 Tm I(a;4 2a)
a = 3
Ta c IA = d(I,D) 11a - 8 = 5 5a2 - 10a + 10 2a2 37a + 93 = 0
31
a =
2
Vi a = 3 I(3;2), R = 5 (C): (x 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25
2
31
31
4225
31
65
Vi a =
I ; -27 , R =
(C): x - + ( y + 27)2 =
2
2
2
4
2
Cu 9.
Trong h to Oxy cho hai ng thng d : x + 2 y - 3 = 0 v D : x + 3y - 5 = 0 . Lp
2 10
, c tm thuc d v tip xc vi D .
5
Tm I d I (-2a + 3; a) . (C) tip xc vi D nn:
phng trnh ng trn c bn knh bng
d (I , D) = R
a-2
10
2 10
a = 6
5
a = -2
Trang 8
Trn S Tng
(C): ( x + 9)2 + ( y - 6)2 =
8
8
hoc (C): ( x - 7)2 + ( y + 2)2 = .
5
5
Cu 10. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 + 4 3 x - 4 = 0 . Tia Oy
ct (C) ti A. Lp phng trnh ng trn (C), bn knh R = 2 v tip xc ngoi vi (C) ti

A.
(C) c tm I(-2 3;0) , bn knh R= 4; A(0; 2). Gi I l tm ca (C).
PT ng thng IA : x = 2 3t , I ' IA I (2 3t;2t + 2) .

y = 2t + 2
uur
uur
1
AI = 2 I A t = I '( 3;3) (C): ( x - 3)2 + ( y - 3)2 = 4
2
Cu 11. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 4 y 5 = 0 . Hy vit
4 2
phng trnh ng trn (C) i xng vi ng trn (C) qua im M ;
5 5
(C) c tm I(0;2), bn knh R = 3. Gi I l im i xng ca I qua M
8 -6
I ; (C):
5 5
8
6
x - +y+ = 9
5
5
Cu 12. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 4 y + 2 = 0 . Vit
phng trnh ng trn (C) tm M(5; 1) bit (C) ct (C) ti hai im A, B sao cho
AB = 3 .
(C) c tm I(1; 2), bn knh R = 3 . PT ng thng IM: 3x - 4 y - 11 = 0 . AB = 3 .

H IM
3x - 4 y - 11 = 0
Gi H ( x; y) l trung im ca AB. Ta c:
3
9
2
2
2
2
IH = R - AH = 2
( x - 1) + ( y + 2) = 4
1
29
x = - 5 ; y = - 10
1 29
11 11

H - ; - hoc H ; - .
5 10
5 10
x = 11 ; y = - 11
5
10
1 29
Vi H - ; - . Ta c R2 = MH 2 + AH 2 = 43 PT (C): ( x - 5)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 43 .
5 10
11 11
Vi H ; - . Ta c R2 = MH 2 + AH 2 = 13 PT (C): ( x - 5)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 13 .
5 10
Cu 13. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): ( x - 1)2 + ( y - 2)2 = 4 v im
K(3;4) . Lp phng trnh ng trn (T) c tm K, ct ng trn (C) ti hai im A, B sao

cho din tch tam gic IAB ln nht, vi I l tm ca ng trn (C).
(C) c tm I(1;2) , bn knh R = 2 . SD IAB ln nht DIAB vung ti I AB = 2 2 .

M IK = 2 2 nn c hai ng trn tho YCBT.
+ (T1 ) c bn knh R1 = R = 2 (T1 ) : ( x - 3)2 + ( y - 4)2 = 4
Trang 9
phng
Trn S Tng
+ (T2 ) c bn knh R2 = (3 2)2 + ( 2)2 = 2 5 (T1 ) : ( x - 3)2 + ( y - 4)2 = 20 .

Cu 14. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, vit phng trnh ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC
1
vi cc nh: A(2;3), B ;0 , C (2;0) .
4
1
im D(d;0) < d < 2 thuc on BC l chn ng phn gic trong ca gc A

4
2
9
1
4 + ( -3)
d
DB AB
4=
khi v ch khi
=
4d - 1 = 6 - 3d d = 1.
2
DC AC
2-d
2
4 + ( -3 )
x +2 y-3
x +2 y -3
=
x + y - 1 = 0 ; AC:
=
3x + 4 y - 6 = 0
3
-3
4
-3
Gi s tm I ca ng trn ni tip c tung l b. Khi honh l 1- b v bn knh
cng bng b. V khong cch t I ti AC cng phi bng b nn ta c:
4
3 (1 - b ) + 4b - 6
b - 3 = 5b b = - 3
= b b - 3 = 5b
2
2
b - 3 = -5b b = 1
3 +4
2
1
R rng ch c gi tr b = l hp l.
2
Phng trnh AD:
1
1
1
Vy, phng trnh ca ng trn ni tip DABC l: x - + y - =
2
2
4
Cu 15. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hai ng thng (d1): 4 x - 3y - 12 = 0 v (d2):
4 x + 3y - 12 = 0 . Tm to tm v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic c 3 cnh nm trn

(d1), (d2) v trc Oy.
Gi A = d1 d2 , B = d1 Oy, C = d2 Oy A(3; 0), B(0; -4), C (0;4) DABC cn nh A
v AO l phn gic trong ca gc A. Gi I, R l tm v bn knh ng trn ni tip DABC
4
4
I ;0 , R = .
3
3
Cu 16. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng thng d: x - y - 1 = 0 v hai ng trn c
phng trnh: (C1): ( x - 3)2 + ( y + 4)2 = 8 , (C2): ( x + 5)2 + ( y - 4)2 = 32 . Vit phng trnh
ng trn (C) c tm I thuc d v tip xc ngoi vi (C1) v (C2).
Gi I, I1, I2, R, R1, R2 ln lt l tm v bn knh ca (C), (C1), (C2). Gi s I (a; a 1) d .
(C) tip xc ngoi vi (C1), (C2) nn II1 = R + R1, II 2 = R + R2 II1 R1 = II 2 R2
(a - 3)2 + (a + 3)2 - 2 2 = (a - 5)2 + (a + 5)2 - 4 2 a = 0 I(0; 1), R =
Phng trnh (C): x 2 + ( y + 1)2 = 2 .

Cu 17. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vi A(3; 7), B(9; 5), C(5; 9),
M(2; 7). Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M v tip xc vi ng trn ngoi tip
DABC.
Trang 10
Trn S Tng
y + 7 = 0; 4x + 3y + 27 = 0.
Cu 18. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn ( C ) : x 2 + y 2 + 2 x = 0 . Vit phng trnh tip
tuyn ca ( C ) , bit gc gia tip tuyn ny v trc tung bng 30o .
(C ) : ( x + 1)2 + y 2 = 1 I (-1; 0); R = 1 . H s gc ca tip tuyn (D) cn tm l 3 .

PT (D) c dng D1 : 3x - y + b = 0 hoc D2 : 3x + y + b = 0
+ D1 : 3 x - y + b = 0 tip xc (C) d ( I , D1 ) = R
b- 3
= 1 b = 2 + 3 .
2
Kt lun: (D1 ) : 3 x - y 2 + 3 = 0
+ (D2 ) : 3 x + y + b = 0 tip xc (C) d ( I , D2 ) = R
b- 3
= 1 b = 2 + 3 .
2
Kt lun: (D2 ) : 3x + y 2 + 3 = 0 .
Cu 19. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 - 6 x - 2 y + 5 = 0 v
ng thng (d): 3 x + y - 3 = 0 . Lp phng trnh tip tuyn vi ng trn (C), bit tip
tuyn khng i qua gc to v hp vi ng thng (d) mt gc 450 .
5.
(C) c tm I(3; 1), bn knh R =
Gi s (D): ax + by + c = 0 (c 0) .
d ( I , D) = 5
a = 2, b = -1, c = -10
D : 2 x - y - 10 = 0
T:
2 a = 1, b = 2, c = -10 D : x + 2 y - 10 = 0 .
cos(d , D) =
2
Cu 20. Trong h to Oxy , cho ng trn (C ) : ( x - 1)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 10 v ng thng
d : 2 x - y - 2 = 0 . Lp phng trnh cc tip tuyn ca ng trn (C ) , bit tip tuyn to vi

ng thng d mt gc 450 .
r
(C) c tm I(1;1) bn knh R = 10 . Gi n = (a; b) l VTPT ca tip tuyn D (a2 + b2 0) ,
V (
D, d ) = 450 nn
2a - b
a2 + b2 . 5
a = 3b
b = -3a
2
4+c
c = 6
= 10
c = -14
10
-2 + c
c = -8
Vi b = -3a D: x - 3y + c = 0 . Mt khc d ( I ; D) = R
= 10
c = 12
10
Vi a = 3b D: 3x + y + c = 0 . Mt khc d ( I ; D) = R
Vy c bn tip tuyn cn tm: 3 x + y + 6 = 0; 3 x + y - 14 = 0 ; x - 3y - 8 = 0; x - 3y + 12 = 0 .
Cu 21. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca hai ng trn
(C1): x 2 + y 2 2 x 2 y 2 = 0 , (C2): x 2 + y 2 8 x 2 y + 16 = 0 .
(C1) c tm I1(1; 1) , bn knh R1 = 2; (C2) c tm I 2 (4; 1) , bn knh R2 = 1.

Ta c: I1I 2 = 3 = R1 + R2
(C1) v (C2) tip xc ngoi nhau ti A(3; 1)
(C1) v (C2) c 3 tip tuyn, trong c 1 tip tuyn chung trong ti A l x = 3 // Oy.
* Xt 2 tip tuyn chung ngoi: (D) : y = ax + b (D) : ax - y + b = 0 ta c:
Trang 11
phng
Trn S Tng
a + b -1
2
2
=2
a
=
a
=
2
2
d ( I1; D) = R1
a +b
4
4
hay
d ( I ; D) = R
4
a
+
b
1
4
7
2
4
+
7 2
2
2
b =
b =
=1
2
2
4
a +b
Vy, c 3 tip tuyn chung: (D1 ) : x = 3, (D2 ) : y = -
2
4+7 2
2
4-7 2
x+
, (D3 ) y =
x+
4
4
4
4
Cu 22. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hai ng trn (C): ( x - 2)2 + ( y - 3)2 = 2 v
(C): ( x - 1)2 + ( y - 2)2 = 8 . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca (C) v (C).
(C) c tm I(2; 3) v bn knh R = 2 ; (C) c tm I(1; 2) v bn knh R ' = 2 2 .

Ta c: II ' = 2 = R - R (C) v (C) tip xc trong Ta tip im M(3; 4).
V (C) v (C) tip xc trong nn chng c duy nht mt tip tuyn chung l ng thng qua
uur
im M(3; 4), c vc t php tuyn l II = (-1; -1) PTTT: x + y - 7 = 0
Cu 23. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hai ng trn (C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 - 2 y - 3 = 0 v
(C2 ) : x 2 + y 2 - 8x - 8y + 28 = 0 . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca (C1 ) v (C2 ) .
(C1 ) c tm I1(0;1) , bn knh R1 = 2 ; (C2 ) c tm I 2 (4;4) , bn knh R2 = 2 .

Ta c: I1I 2 = 5 > 4 = R1 + R2 (C1 ),(C2 ) ngoi nhau. Xt hai trng hp:
+ Nu d // Oy th phng trnh ca d c dng: x + c = 0 .
Khi : d ( I1 , d ) = d ( I 2 , d ) c = 4 + c c = -2 d : x - 2 = 0 .
+ Nu d khng song song vi Oy th phng trnh ca d c dng: d : y = ax + b .
3
7
a= ;b=
4
2
=2
3
3
a2 + 1
a = ; b = -1 + b
4a - 4 + b
4
2
=
7
37
a2 + 1
a2 + 1
a = - 24 ; b = 12
d : 3x - 4 y + 14 = 0 hoc d : 3 x - 4 y - 6 = 0 hoc d : 7 x + 24 y - 74 = 0 .
Vy: d : x - 2 = 0 ; d : 3x - 4 y + 14 = 0 ; d : 3 x - 4 y - 6 = 0 ; d : 7 x + 24 y - 74 = 0 .
d ( I1, d ) = 2
Khi :
d ( I1, d ) = d ( I 2 , d )
-1 + b
Cu 24. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hai ng trn (C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 - 4 y - 5 = 0 v
(C2 ) : x 2 + y 2 - 6 x + 8y + 16 = 0 . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca (C1 ) v (C2 ) .
(C1 ) c tm I1(0;1) , bn knh R1 = 3 ; (C2 ) c tm I 2 (3; -4) , bn knh R2 = 3 .

Gi s tip tuyn chung D ca (C1 ), (C2 ) c phng trnh: ax + by + c = 0 (a2 + b2 0) .
2b + c = 3 a2 + b2
d ( I , D) = R1
D l tip tuyn chung ca (C1 ), (C2 ) 1
2
2
d ( I 2 , D) = R2
3a - 4b + c = 3 a + b
-3a + 2b
T (1) v (2) suy ra a = 2b hoc c =
.
2
+ TH1: Vi a = 2b . Chn b = 1 a = 2, c = -2 3 5 D : 2 x + y - 2 3 5 = 0
Trang 12
(1)
(2)
Trn S Tng
a = 0
-3a + 2b
. Thay vo (1) ta c: a - 2b = 2 a2 + b2
4 .
a = - b
2
3
D : y + 2 = 0 hoc D : 4 x - 3y - 9 = 0 .
+ TH2: Vi c =
Cu 25. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 + 4 3 x - 4 = 0 . Tia Oy ct (C) ti im
A. Lp phng trnh ng trn (T) c bn knh R = 2 sao cho (T) tip xc ngoi vi (C) ti
A.
(C) c tm I(-2 3;0) , bn knh R = 4 . Tia Oy ct (C) ti A(0;2) . Gi J l tm ca (T).
Phng trnh IA: x = 2 3t . Gi s J (2 3t;2t + 2) ( IA) .

y = 2t + 2
uur
uur
1
(T) tip xc ngoi vi (C) ti A nn AI = 2JA t = J ( 3;3) .
2
Vy: (T ) : ( x - 3)2 + ( y - 3)2 = 4 .
Cu 26. Trong
mt phng Oxy, cho ng trn (C):
x 2 + y2 = 1
v phng trnh:
x 2 + y 2 2(m + 1) x + 4my 5 = 0 (1). Chng minh rng phng trnh (1) l phng trnh ca
ng trn vi mi m. Gi cc ng trn tng ng l (Cm). Tm m (Cm) tip xc vi (C).
(Cm) c tm I (m + 1; -2m) , bn knh R ' = (m + 1)2 + 4m2 + 5 ,

(C) c tm O(0; 0) bn knh R = 1,
OI = (m + 1)2 + 4m 2 , ta c OI < R
3
Vy (C) v (Cm) ch tip xc trong. R R = OI ( v R > R) m = -1; m = .
5
1
Cu 27. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho cc ng trn c phng trnh (C1 ) : ( x - 1)2 + y 2 =
v
2
(C2 ) : ( x - 2)2 + ( y - 2)2 = 4 . Vit phng trnh ng thng d tip xc vi (C1 ) v ct (C2 )
ti hai im M , N sao cho MN = 2 2 .
1
(C1 ) c tm I1(1; 0) , bn knh R1 =
trung im ca MN d ( I 2 , d ) = I 2 H =
; (C2 ) c tm I1(2;2) , bn knh R2 = 2 . Gi H l

R22
MN
-
= 2
2
Phng trnh ng thng d c dng: ax + by + c = 0 (a2 + b2 0) .
1
2 a + c = a2 + b2
d ( I1, d ) =
Ta c:
. Gii h tm c a, b, c.
2
2
2
d ( I , d ) = 2
2a + 2b + c = 2 a + b
2
Vy: d : x + y - 2 = 0; d : x + 7 y - 6 = 0 ; d : x - y - 2 = 0 ; d : 7 x - y - 2 = 0
Cu 28. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 6 x + 5 = 0 . Tm im
M thuc trc tung sao cho qua M k c hai tip tuyn ca (C) m gc gia hai tip tuyn
bng 600 .
Trang 13
phng
Trn S Tng
(C) c tm I(3;0) v bn knh R = 2. Gi M(0; m) Oy
AMB = 60 0 (1)
Qua M k hai tip tuyn MA v MB
0
AMB = 120 (2)
V MI l phn gic ca
AMB nn:
(1)
AMI = 300 MI =
(2)
AMI = 600 MI =
IA
sin 30
IA
sin 600
MI = 2R m2 + 9 = 4 m = 7
MI =
2 3
4 3
R m2 + 9 =
V nghim Vy c
3
3
hai im M1(0; 7 ) v M2(0; - 7 )

Cu 29. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C) v ng thng D nh bi:
(C ) : x 2 + y 2 - 4 x - 2 y = 0; D : x + 2 y - 12 = 0 . Tm im M trn D sao cho t M v c vi

(C) hai tip tuyn lp vi nhau mt gc 600.
ng trn (C) c tm I(2;1) v bn knh R = 5 .

Gi A, B l hai tip im. Nu hai tip tuyn ny lp vi nhau mt gc 600 th IAM l na tam
gic u suy ra IM = 2 R=2 5 .
Nh th im M nm trn ng trn (T) c phng trnh: ( x - 2)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 20 .
Mt khc, im M nm trn ng thng D, nn ta ca M nghim ng h phng trnh:
( x - 2)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 20
(1)
x
+
2
y
12
=
0
(2)
y = 3
Kh x gia (1) v (2) ta c: ( -2 y + 10 ) + ( y - 1) = 20 5y - 42 y + 81 = 0
27
y =
5
6 27
Vy c hai im tha mn bi l: M ( 6;3) hoc M ;
5 5
2
Cu 30. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 9 v ng
thng d : x + y + m = 0 . Tm m trn ng thng d c duy nht mt im A m t k

c hai tip tuyn AB, AC ti ng trn (C) (B, C l hai tip im) sao cho tam gic ABC
vung.
(C) c tm I(1; 2), R = 3. ABIC l hnh vung cnh bng 3 IA = 3 2

m -1
m = -5
= 3 2 m -1 = 6
m = 7
2
Cu hi tng t:
a) (C ) : x 2 + y 2 = 1, d : x - y + m = 0
S: m = 2 .
Cu 31. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 9 v ng
thng d : 3 x - 4 y + m = 0 . Tm m trn d c duy nht mt im P m t c th k c

hai tip tuyn PA, PB ti ng trn (C) (A, B l hai tip im) sao cho PAB l tam gic u.
(C) c tm I (1; -2) , bn knh R = 3 . DPAB u PI = 2 AI = 2 R = 6 P nm trn ng
trn (T) c tm I, bn knh r = 6 . Do trn d c duy nht mt im P tho YCBT nn d l tip
Trang 14
Trn S Tng
tuyn ca (T) d ( I , d ) = 6
11 + m
m = 19
=6
.
5
m = -41
Cu 32. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hai ng trn (C ) : x 2 + y 2 - 18 x - 6 y + 65 = 0
v (C ) : x 2 + y 2 = 9 . T im M thuc ng trn (C) k hai tip tuyn vi ng trn (C),

gi A, B l cc tip im. Tm ta im M, bit di on AB bng 4,8.
(C) c tm O ( 0; 0 ) , bn knh R = OA = 3 . Gi H = AB OM H l trung im ca AB

12
9
OA2
. Suy ra: OH = OA2 - AH 2 = v OM =
= 5.
5
5
OH
x 2 + y 2 - 18x - 6 y + 65 = 0
M (C )
x = 4 x = 5
Gi s M ( x; y) . Ta c:
2
2
OM
=
5
y = 3 y = 0
x + y = 25
AH =
Vy M(4;3) hoc M(5;0) .
Cu 33. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 4 . M l im
di ng trn ng thng d : y = x + 1 . Chng minh rng t M k c hai tip tuyn MT1 ,

MT2 ti (C) (T1, T2 l tip im) v tm to im M, bit ng thng T1T2 i qua im
A(1; -1) .
(C) c tm I (1; -2) , bn knh R = 2 . Gi s M ( x0 ; x0 + 1) d .

IM = ( x0 - 1)2 + ( x0 + 3)2 = 2( x0 + 1)2 + 8 > 2 = R M nm ngoi (C) qua M k c
2 tip tuyn ti (C).
x +1 x -1
Gi J l trung im IM J 0 ; 0
. ng trn (T) ng knh IM c tm J bn
2
2
2
x0 + 1
x0 - 1
( x0 - 1)2 + ( x0 + 3)2
IM
knh R1 =
c phng trnh (T ) : x +y =
2
2
4
2
T M k c 2 tip tuyn MT , MT n (C)
IT M =
IT M = 90 0 T , T (T )
1
{T1, T2} = (C ) (T ) to T1, T2 tho mn h:
x +1
x -1
( x - 1)2 + ( x0 + 3)2
( x - 0 )2 + ( y - 0 )2 = 0
(1 - x0 ) x - (3 + x0 ) y - x0 - 3 = 0 (1)
2
2
4
( x - 1)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 4
To cc im T1, T2 tho mn (1), m qua 2 im phn bit xc nh duy nht 1 ng

thng nn phng trnh T1T2 l x (1 - x 0 ) - y(3 + x0 ) - x0 - 3 = 0 .
A(1; -1) nm trn T1T2 nn 1 - x0 + (3 + x0 ) - x0 - 3 = 0 x0 = 1 M(1;2) .
Cu 34. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): ( x 1)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 25 v im
M(7; 3). Lp phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua M ct (C) ti hai im A, B phn bit sao
cho MA = 3MB.
PM /(C ) = 27 > 0 M nm ngoi (C). (C) c tm I(1;1) v R = 5.
Mt khc:
uuur uuur
PM /(C ) = MA.MB = 3MB2 MB = 3 BH = 3 IH = R 2 - BH 2 = 4 = d[ M ,(d )]
Trang 15
phng
Trn S Tng
Ta c: pt(d): a(x 7) + b(y 3) = 0 (a2 + b2 > 0).

a = 0
-6a - 4b
d [M ,(d )] = 4
=4
12 . Vy (d): y 3 = 0 hoc (d): 12x 5y 69 = 0.
2
2
a = - b
a +b
5
Cu 35. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, lp phng trnh ng thng d i qua im A(1; 2)
v ct ng trn (C) c phng trnh ( x - 2)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 25 theo mt dy cung c di

bng l = 8 .
d: a(x 1)+ b(y 2) = 0 ax + by a 2b = 0 ( a2 + b2 > 0)
V d ct (C) theo dy cung c di l = 8 nn khong cch t tm I(2; 1) ca (C) n d
bng 3.
a = 0
2a - b - a - 2b
d (I,d ) =
= 3 a - 3b = 3 a2 + b2 8a2 + 6ab = 0
3
a
=
b
2
2
a +b
4
3
a = 0: chn b = 1 d: y 2 = 0 a = - b : chn a = 3, b = 4 d: 3x 4 y + 5 = 0.
4
Cu hi tng t:
a) d i qua O, (C ) : x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 6 y - 15 = 0 , l = 8 . S: d : 3 x - 4 y = 0 ; d : y = 0 .
b) d i qua Q(5;2) , (C ) : x 2 + y 2 - 4 x - 8y - 5 = 0 , l = 5 2 .
S: d : x - y - 3 = 0 ; d :17 x - 7y - 71 = 0 .
c) d i qua A(9;6) , (C ) : x 2 + y 2 - 8 x - 2 y = 0 , l = 4 3 .
1
21
S: d : y = 2 x - 12 ; d : y = - x +
2
2
Cu 36. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C) : x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 8y - 8 = 0 . Vit
phng trnh ng thng D song song vi ng thng d : 3 x + y - 2 = 0 v ct ng trn

(C) theo mt dy cung c di l = 6 .
(C) c tm I(1; 4), bn knh R = 5. PT ng thng D c dng: 3x + y + c = 0, c 2 .
V D ct (C) theo mt dy cung c di bng 6 nn:
-3 + 4 + c
c = 4 10 - 1
d ( I,D) =
=4
.
2
c
=
4
10
1
3 +1
Vy phng trnh D cn tm l: 3 x + y + 4 10 - 1 = 0 hoc 3 x + y - 4 10 - 1 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) (C ) : ( x - 3)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 3 , d : 3 x - 4 y + 2012 = 0 , l = 2 5 .
S: D : 3 x - 4 y + 5 = 0 ; D : 3x - 4 y - 15 = 0 .
Cu 37. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) :( x + 4)2 + ( y - 3)2 = 25 v
ng thng D : 3 x - 4 y + 10 = 0 . Lp phng trnh ng thng d bit d ^ (D) v d ct (C)

ti A, B sao cho AB = 6.
(C) c tm I( 4; 3) v c bn knh R = 5. Gi H l trung im AB, AH = 3. Do d ^ D nn
PT ca d c dng: 4 x + 3y + m = 0 .
Ta c: d ( I ,(D1 )) = IH =
AI 2 - AH 2 = 52 - 32 = 4
Trang 16
-16 + 9 + m
42 + 32
m = 27
= 4
m = -13
Trn S Tng
Vy PT cc ng thng cn tm l: 4 x + 3y + 27 = 0 v 4 x + 3y - 13 = 0 .
Cu 38. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 2 y - 3 = 0 v im
M(0; 2). Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua M v ct (C) ti hai im A, B sao cho AB c
di ngn nht.
(C) c tm I(1; 1) v bn knh R = 5 . IM = 2 < 5 M nm trong ng trn (C).

Gi s d l ng thng qua M v H l hnh chiu ca I trn d.
Ta c: AB = 2AH = 2 IA2 - IH 2 = 2 5 - IH 2 2 5 - IM 2 = 2 3 .
uuur
Du "=" xy ra H M hay d ^ IM. Vy d l ng thng qua M v c VTPT MI = (1; -1)
Phng trnh d: x - y + 2 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (C): x 2 + y 2 - 8x - 4 y - 16 = 0 , M(1; 0).
d : 5x + 2 y + 5 = 0
S:
Cu 39. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C) c tm O, bn knh R = 5 v im
M(2; 6). Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua M, ct (C) ti 2 im A, B sao cho DOAB c
din tch ln nht.
Tam gic OAB c din tch ln nht DOAB vung cn ti O. Khi d (O, d ) =
5 2
.
2
Gi s phng trnh ng thng d: A( x - 2) + B( y - 6) = 0 ( A2 + B2 0)
-24 - 5 55
A
B =
5 2
-2 A - 6 B 5 2
47
d (O, d ) =
=
47B2 + 48 AB - 17 A2 = 0
2
2
-24 + 5 55
A2 + B 2
A
B =
47
+ Vi B =
-24 - 5 55
A : chn A = 47 B = -24 - 5 55
47
d: 47( x - 2) - ( 24 + 5 55 ) ( y - 6) = 0
+ Vi B =
-24 + 5 55
A : chn A = 47 B = -24 + 5 55
47
d: 47( x - 2) + ( -24 + 5 55 ) ( y - 6) = 0
Cu hi tng t:
a) (C ) : x 2 + y 2 + 4 x - 6 y + 9 = 0 , M(1; -8) .
S: 7 x + y + 1 = 0; 17 x + 7 y + 39 = 0 .
Cu 40. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 - 6 x + 2 y - 6 = 0 v im
A(3;3) . Lp phng trnh ng thng d qua A v ct (C) ti hai im sao cho khong cch
gia hai im bng di cnh hnh vung ni tip ng trn (C).
(C) c tm I(3; 1), R = 4. Ta c: A(3 ;3) (C).
PT ng thng d c dng: a( x - 3) + b( y - 3) = 0, a2 + b2 0 ax + by - 3a - 3b = 0 .
Gi s d qua A ct (C) ti hai im A, B AB = 4 2 . Gi I l tm hnh vung.
3a - b - 3a - 3b
1
1
Ta c: d ( I , d ) = 2 2 ( = AD = AB)
=2 2
2
2
2
2
a +b
Trang 17
phng
Trn S Tng
4b = 2 2 a2 + b2 a2 = b2 a = b . Chn b = 1 th a = 1 hoc a = 1.
Vy phng trnh cc ng thng cn tm l: x + y - 6 = 0 hoc x - y = 0 .
Cu 41. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hai ng trn (C1): x 2 + y 2 = 13 v (C2):
( x - 6)2 + y 2 = 25 . Gi A l mt giao im ca (C1) v (C2) vi yA > 0. Vit phng trnh

ng thng d i qua A v ct (C1), (C2) theo hai dy cung c di bng nhau.
(C1) c tm O(0; 0), bn knh R1 =
13 . (C2) c tm I2(6; 0), bn knh R2 = 5. Giao im
A(2; 3). Gi s d: a( x - 2) + b( y - 3) = 0 (a2 + b2 0) . Gi d1 = d (O, d ), d2 = d ( I 2 , d ) .

T gi thit R12 - d12 = R22 - d22 d22 - d12 = 12
(6a - 2a - 3b)2
a2 + b2
(-2a - 3b)2
a2 + b2
= 12
b = 0
b2 + 3ab = 0
.
b = -3a
Vi b = 0: Chn a = 1 Phng trnh d: x - 2 = 0 .
Vi b = 3a: Chn a = 1, b = 3 Phng trnh d: x - 3y + 7 = 0 .
Cu 42. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng D: mx + 4 y = 0 , ng trn (C):
x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 2my + m2 - 24 = 0 c tm I. Tm m ng thng D ct ng trn (C) ti

hai im phn bit A, B sao cho din tch tam gic IAB bng 12.
(C) c tm I (1; m) , bn knh R = 5. Gi H l trung im ca dy cung AB.
IH = d (I , D) =
m + 4m
m 2 + 16
5m
m2 + 16
; AH = IA2 - IH 2 = 25 -
(5m)2
2
m + 16
20
m 2 + 16
m = 3
SDIAB = 12 d ( I , D). AH = 12 3m2 - 25 m + 48 = 0
16
m =
3
(C ) : x 2 + y 2 = 1 , ng thng
(d ) : x + y + m = 0 . Tm m (C ) ct (d ) ti A v B sao cho din tch tam gic ABO ln nht.
Cu 43. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn
(C) c tm O(0; 0) , bn knh R = 1. (d) ct (C) ti A, B d (O; d ) < 1

1
1
1
Khi : SOAB = OA.OB.sin
AOB = .sin
AOB . Du "=" xy ra
AOB = 90 0 .
2
2
2
1
Vy S AOB ln nht
AOB = 900 . Khi d ( I ; d ) =
m = 1 .
2
Cu 44. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng thng (d ) :
2 x + my + 1 - 2 = 0 v
ng trn c phng trnh (C ) : x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 4 y - 4 = 0 . Gi I l tm ng trn (C ) . Tm

m sao cho (d ) ct (C ) ti hai im phn bit A v B. Vi gi tr no ca m th din tch tam
gic IAB ln nht v tnh gi tr .
(C ) c tm I (1; 2) v bn knh R = 3.
(d) ct (C ) ti 2 im phn bit A, B d ( I , d ) < R
Trang 18
2 - 2m + 1 - 2 < 3 2 + m2
Trn S Tng
1 - 4m + 4m2 < 18 + 9m2 5m2 + 4m + 17 > 0 m R

1
1
9
Ta c: S
= IA.IB sin
AIB IA.IB =
IAB 2
2
2
3 2
9
Vy: S
ln nht l khi
AIB = 900 AB = R 2 = 3 2 d ( I , d ) =
IAB
2
2
3 2
2 + m2 2m2 + 16m + 32 = 0 m = -4
2
Cu hi tng t:
1 - 2m =
a) Vi d : x + my 2m + 3 = 0 , (C ) : x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 4 y + 6 = 0 .
8
m=0 m=
15
S:
Cu 45. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : x 2 + y 2 + 4 x - 6 y + 9 = 0 v
im M(1; -8) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua M, ct (C) ti hai im A, B phn
bit sao cho tam gic ABI c din tch ln nht, vi I l tm ca ng trn (C).
(C) c tm I(-2;3) , bn knh R = 2 .
PT ng thng d qua M(1; -8) c dng: d : ax + by - a + 8b = 0 ( a2 + b2 0 ).
1
SD IAB = IA.IB.sin
AIB = 2sin
AIB .
2
2
Do : SD IAB ln nht
AIB = 90 0 d ( I , d ) = IA
= 2
2
11b - 3a
a = 7b
= 2 7a2 - 66ab + 118b2 = 0

.
7a = 17b
a2 + b 2
+ Vi b = 1 a = 7 d : 7 x + y + 1 = 0
+ Vi b = 7 a = 17 d :17 x + 7 y + 39 = 0
Cu 46. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 4 y + 6 = 0 v
ng thng D: x + my 2m + 3 = 0 vi m l tham s thc. Gi I l tm ca ng trn (C).

Tm m D ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit A v B sao cho din tch DIAB ln nht.
(C) c tm l I (2; 2); R = 2 . Gi s D ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B.

1
K ng cao IH ca DIAB, ta c:
SDABC = SIAB = IA.IB.sin
AIB = sin
AIB
2
IA
Do SIAB ln nht sin
AIB = 1 DAIB vung ti I IH =
= 1 (tha IH < R)
2
1 - 4m
8
= 1 15m2 8m = 0 m = 0 hay m =
15
m2 + 1
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (C ) : x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 4 y - 4 = 0 , D : 2 x + my + 1 - 2 = 0 .
S: m = -4 .
b) Vi (C ) : x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 4 y - 5 = 0 , D : x + my - 2 = 0 .
S: m = -2
Cu 47. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng d: x 5y 2 = 0 v ng trn (C):

x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 4 y - 8 = 0 . Xc nh ta cc giao im A, B ca ng trn (C) v ng
thng d (cho bit im A c honh dng). Tm ta C thuc ng trn (C) sao cho
Trang 19
phng
Trn S Tng
tam gic ABC vung B.

Ta giao im A, B l nghim ca h phng trnh
x2 + y2 + 2 x - 4y - 8 = 0
y = 0; x = 2
. V x A > 0 nn ta c A(2;0), B(3;1).
y = -1; x = -3
x - 5y - 2 = 0
V
ABC = 900 nn AC l ng knh ng trn, tc im C i xng vi im A qua tm I
ca ng trn. Tm I(1;2), suy ra C(4;4).
Cu 48. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho ng trn ( C ): x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 4 y - 8 = 0 v
ng thng ( D ): 2 x - 3y - 1 = 0 . Chng minh rng ( D ) lun ct ( C ) ti hai im phn bit

A, B . Tm to im M trn ng trn ( C ) sao cho din tch tam gic ABM ln nht.
9
(C) c tm I(1; 2), bn knh R = 13 . d ( I , D) =
< R ng thng ( D ) ct (C) ti
13
1
hai im A, B phn bit. Gi M l im nm trn (C), ta c SD ABM = AB.d ( M , D) . Trong
2
AB khng i nn SD ABM ln nht d ( M , D) ln nht.
Gi d l ng thng i qua tm I v vung gc vi ( D ). PT ng thng d l
3x + 2 y - 1 = 0 .
Gi P, Q l giao im ca ng thng d vi ng trn (C). To P, Q l nghim ca h
2
2
x = 1, y = -1
phng trnh: x + y + 2 x - 4 y - 8 = 0
P(1; 1); Q(3; 5)
x = -3, y = 5
3x + 2 y - 1 = 0
Ta c d ( P, D) =
; d (Q, D) =
13
Vy ta im M(3; 5).
22
13
. Nh vy d ( M , D) ln nht M trng vi Q.
Cu 49. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 4 y - 5 = 0 v A(0;
1) (C). Tm to cc im B, C thuc ng trn (C) sao cho DABC u.

uur
uur
3 7
(C) c tm I(1;2) v R= 10 . Gi H l trung im BC. Suy ra AI = 2.IH H ;
2 2
D ABC u I l trng tm. Phng trnh (BC): x + 3y - 12 = 0
V B, C (C) nn ta ca B, C l cc nghim ca h phng trnh:
2
x2 + y2 - 2 x - 4y - 5 = 0
2
x + y - 2x - 4y - 5 = 0
x + 3y - 12 = 0
x = 12 - 3y
7+ 3 3-3 3 7- 3 3+3 3
Gii h PT trn ta c: B
;
;
;C
hoc ngc li.
2
2 2
2
Cu 50. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): ( x - 3)2 + ( y - 4)2 = 35 v im
A(5; 5). Tm trn (C) hai im B, C sao cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A.
AB = AC
(C) c tm I(3; 4). Ta c:
AI l ng trung trc ca BC. DABC vung cn
IB = IC
ti A nn AI cng l phn gic ca
BAC . Do AB v AC hp vi AI mt gc 450 .
0
Gi d l ng thng
uurqua A v hp vi AI mt gc 45 . Khi B, C l giao im ca d vi
(C) v AB = AC. V IA = (2;1) (1; 1), (1; 1) nn d khng cng phng vi cc trc to
r
VTCP ca d c hai thnh phn u khc 0. Gi u = (1; a) l VTCP ca d. Ta c:
Trang 20
Trn S Tng
a = 3
2 2 + a = 5 1 + a2
1
a = 1 + a 2 22 + 1
5 1 + a2
3
r
x = 5 + t
+ Vi a = 3, th u = (1;3) Phng trnh ng thng d:
.
y = 5 + 3t
uur r
cos ( IA, u ) =
2+a
2+a
9 + 13 7 + 3 13 9 - 13 7 - 3 13
;
;
2
2
2
2
x = 5 + t
1
r 1
+ Vi a = - , th u = 1; - Phng trnh ng thng d:

1 .
y
=
5
t
3
3
3
7 + 3 13 11 - 13 7 - 3 13 11 + 13
Ta tm c cc giao im ca d v (C) l:
;
;
,
2
2

2
2
7 + 3 13 11 - 13 9 + 13 7 + 3 13
+V AB = AC nn ta c hai cp im cn tm l:
;
;
,
2
2
2
2
7 - 3 13 11 + 13 9 - 13 7 - 3 13
v
;
;
2
2
2
2
Ta tm c cc giao im ca d v (C) l:
8
3
Cu 51. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 = 4 v cc im A 1; - ,
B(3;0) . Tm to im M thuc (C) sao cho tam gic MAB c din tch bng
AB = 4 +
Ta c:
20
.
3
64 10
= ; AB : 4 x - 3y - 12 = 0 . Gi M(x;y) v h = d ( M , AB) .
9
3
1
20
4 x - 3y - 12
4 x - 3y + 8 = 0
h. AB =
h=4
=4
2
3
5
4 x - 3y - 32 = 0
4 x - 3y + 8 = 0
14 48
+ 2
M (-2; 0); M - ;
2
25 75
x + y = 4
4 x - 3y - 32 = 0
+ 2
(v nghim)
2
x + y = 4
Cu 52. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 6 y + 9 = 0 v ng
thng d : 3 x - 4 y + 5 = 0 . Tm nhng im M (C) v N d sao cho MN c di nh nht.
(C) c tm I(-1;3) , bn knh R = 1 d ( I , d ) = 2 > R d (C ) = .

Gi D l ng thng qua I v vung gc vi d (D) : 4 x + 3y - 5 = 0 .
1 7
Gi N 0 = d D N 0 ; .
5 5
2 11
8 19
Gi M1, M2 l cc giao im ca D v (C) M1 - ; , M2 - ;
5 5
5 5
MN ngn nht khi M M1, N N 0 .
2 11
1 7
Vy cc im cn tm: M - ; (C ) , N ; d .
5 5
5 5
Trang 21
phng
Trn S Tng
TP 03: CC NG CNIC
x2 y2
Cu 1. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho elip (E):
+
= 1 . A, B l cc im trn (E)
25 16
sao cho: AF1+BF2 = 8 , vi F1, F2 l cc tiu im. Tnh AF2 + BF1 .
AF1+ AF2 = 2a v BF1+BF2 = 2a AF1 + AF2 + BF1 + BF2 = 4a = 20

M AF1 + BF2 = 8 AF2 + BF1 = 12
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, vit phng trnh elip vi cc tiu im
F1(-1;1), F2 (5;1) v tm sai e = 0,6 .
Cu 2.
Gi s M ( x; y) l im thuc elip. V na trc ln ca elip l a =
c
3
=
= 5 nn ta c:
e 0,6
MF1 + MF2 = 10 ( x + 1)2 + ( y - 1)2 + ( x - 5)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 10
( x - 2)2 ( y - 1)2
+
=1
25
16
x2 y2
+
= 1 . Tm to
4
1
cc im A, B thuc (E), bit rng hai im A, B i xng vi nhau qua trc honh v tam
gic ABC l tam gic u.
2 4 3 2 4 3
A ;
, B ;
7
7 7 7
Cu 3.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho im C(2; 0) v elip (E):
Cu 4.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho elip (E):
cho
F1MF2 = 1200 (F1, F2 l hai tiu im ca (E)).
x 2 y2
+
= 1 . Tm cc im M (E) sao
100 25
Ta c: a = 10, b = 5 c = 5 3 . Gi M(x; y) (E) MF1 = 10 F1F22 = MF12 + MF22 - 2 MF1.MF2 .cos

F1MF2
2
3
3
x , MF2 = 10 +
x.
2
2
3
3
3
3 1
(10 3 ) = 10 x + 10 +
x - 2 10 x 10 +
x -
2
2
2
2 2
x = 0 (y= 5). Vy c 2 im tho YCBT: M1(0; 5), M2(0; 5).
2
Cu 5.
Trong mt phng Oxy, cho elip (E) c hai tiu im F1(- 3; 0); F2 ( 3; 0) v i qua im
1
A 3; . Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (E) v vi mi im M trn elip, hy tnh biu
2
P = F1M 2 + F2 M 2 3OM 2 F1M .F2 M .
thc:
(E):
x2
a2
y2
b2
=1
3
a2
1
4b 2
= 1 , a2 = b2 + 3
x2 y2
+
=1
4
1
2
2
2
P = (a + ex M )2 + (a ex M )2 2( x M
+ yM
) ( a 2 - e2 x M
)= 1
Trang 22
Trn S Tng
Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho elip (E): 4 x 2 + 16 y 2 = 64 . Gi F2 l tiu im bn phi

ca (E). M l im bt k trn (E). Chng t rng t s khong cch t M ti tiu im F2 v
8
ti ng thng D : x =
c gi tr khng i.
3
Cu 6.
Ta c: F2 ( 12; 0) . Gi M ( x0 ; y0 ) (E ) MF2 = a - ex0 =

d ( M , D) = x0 -
8
3
8 - 3 x0
3
(v -4 x0 4 )
8 - 3 x0
,
2
MF2
3
=
(khng i).
d ( M , D) 2
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho elip (E): 5x 2 + 16 y 2 = 80 v hai im A(5; 1),

B(1; 1). Mt im M di ng trn (E). Tm gi tr ln nht ca din tch DMAB.
Cu 7.
Phng trnh ng thng (AB): x - 2 y + 3 = 0 v AB = 2 5

Gi M ( x0 ; y0 ) ( E ) 5x02 + 16 y02 = 80. Ta c: d ( M ; AB) =
x0 - 2 y0 + 3
1+ 4
x0 - 2 y0 + 3
5
1
Din tch DMAB: S = . AB.d ( M ; AB) = x0 - 2 y0 - 3
2
1
1
p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki cho 2 cp s
; - , ( 5 x0 ; 4 y0 ) c:
2
5
2
1 1
1
9
. 5 x0 - .4 y0 + 5x02 + 16 y02 = .80 = 36
2
20
5 4
5
x0 - 2 y0 6 - 6 x0 - 2 y0 6 - 3 x0 - 2 y0 + 3 9 x0 - 2 y0 + 3 9
5x
4y
8
=
x0 =
=
5
x
8
y
1
3
0
max x0 - 2 y0 + 3 = 9 1
0
x
2
y
=
6
2
0
0
5
y0 = - 5
3
x0 - 2 y0 + 3 = 9
8 5
Vy, max SMAB = 9 khi M ; - .
3 3
x 2 y2
+
= 1 v hai im A(3;2), B(3;
9
4
2) . Tm trn (E) im C c honh v tung dng sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch
ln nht.
Cu 8.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho elp ( E ) :
PT ng thng AB: 2 x + 3y = 0 . Gi C(x; y) (E), vi x > 0, y > 0
x2 y2
+
= 1.
9
4
1
85
85 x y
85 x 2 y 2
170
AB.d (C , AB) =
2 x + 3y = 3.
+
3
2 + = 3
13 9
4
13
2
13 3 2
2 13
x 2 y2
= 1 x = 3 2
+
3 2
9
4
Du "=" xy ra
. Vy C
; 2.
2
2
x = y
y = 2
3 2
S ABC =
Trang 23
phng
Trn S Tng
x 2 y2
+
= 1 v im M(1;1) . Vit phng
25 9
trnh ng thng i qua M v ct elip ti hai im A, B sao cho M l trung im ca AB .
Nhn xt rng M Ox nn ng thng x = 1 khng ct elip ti hai im tha YCBT.
Xt ng thng D qua M(1; 1) c PT: y = k ( x - 1) + 1 . To cc giao im A, B ca D v
Cu 9.
Trong mt phng ta Oxy , cho elip ( E ) :
x 2 y2
( E ) l nghim ca h: 25 + 9 = 1
y = k ( x - 1) + 1
(1)
(2)
(25k 2 + 9) x 2 - 50k (k - 1) x + 25(k 2 - 2k - 9) = 0 (3)

PT (3) lun c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 vi mi k . Theo Viet: x1 + x2 =
Do M l trung im ca AB x1 + x2 = 2 x M
Vy PT ng thng D: 9 x + 25y - 34 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi ( E ) :
50k (k - 1)
25k 2 + 9
50k (k - 1)
9
=2k =- .
2
25
25k + 9
x 2 y2
+
= 1 , M(1;1)
9
4
S: D : 4 x + 9 y - 13 = 0
x2 y2
+
= 1 . Tm im M (E) sao cho
8
2
M c to nguyn.
Trc ht ta c nhn xt: Nu im ( x; y) ( E ) th cc im (- x; y ),( x; - y),(- x; - y) cng
thuc (E). Do ta ch cn xt im M ( x0 ; y0 ) (E ) vi x0 , y0 0; x0 , y0 Z .
y = 0 x = 2 2 (loai)
x02 y02
0
+
= 1 y02 2 0 y0 2 0
M(2;1) .
8
2
y0 = 1 x0 = 2
Vy cc im tho YCBT l: (2;1),(-2;1),(2; -1),(-2; -1) .
Ta c:
x2 y2
+
= 1 . Tm im M (E) sao cho
8
2
tng hai to ca M c gi tr ln nht (nh nht).

x2 y2
+
= 1 . p dng BT Bunhiacpxki, ta c:
8
2
x 2 y2
( x + y )2 (8 + 2) + = 10 - 10 x + y 10 .
2
8
x y
4 10 10
=
+ x + y 10 . Du "=" xy ra 8 2
M
;
.
5
5
x + y = 10
x y
4 10
10
=
+ x + y - 10 . Du "=" xy ra 8 2
M;
5
5
x + y = - 10
Gi s M ( x; y) ( E )
Trang 24
Trn S Tng
x2 y2
+
= 1 v im A(3; 0) . Tm trn
9
3
(E) cc im B, C sao cho B, C i xng qua trc Ox v DABC l tam gic u.
Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s B( x0 ; y0 ), C ( x0 ; - y0 ) vi y0 > 0 .
x02 y02
+
= 1 x02 + 3y02 = 9 . BC = 2 y0 v ( BC ) : x = x 0 d ( A,( BC )) = 3 - x0
9
3
Do A Ox , B v C i xng qua Ox nn DABC cn t A
Ta c:
Suy ra: DABC u d ( A,( BC )) =
3
BC 3 - x0 = 3y0 3y02 = ( x0 - 3)2
2
x = 0
x02 + ( x0 - 3)2 = 9 0
.
x0 = 3
+ Vi x0 = 0 y0 = 3 B(0; 3), C (0; - 3) .
+ Vi x0 = 3 y0 = 0 (loi).
Vy: B(0; 3), C (0; - 3) .

x2 y2
+
= 1 v cc ng thng
9
4
d1 : mx - ny = 0 , d2 : nx+my = 0 , vi m 2 + n2 0 . Gi M, N l cc giao im ca d1 vi (E),

P, Q l cc giao im ca d2 vi (E). Tm iu kin i vi m, n din tch t gic MPNQ
t gi tr nh nht.
x = nt1
x = -mt2
PTTS ca d1, d2 l: d1 :
, d2 :
.
y = mt1
y = nt2
+ M, N l cc giao im ca d1 v (E)
6n
6m
M
;
2
2
9m 2 + 4n2
9m + 4n
+ P, Q l cc giao im ca d2 v (E)
-6n
-6 m
;
, N
2
2
9m 2 + 4n2
9m + 4n
-6m
6n
6m
-6n
P
;
, Q
;

2
2
4m 2 + 9n2 4m 2 + 9n2 4m 2 + 9n2
4m + 9 n
+ Ta c: MN ^ PQ ti trung im O ca mi ng nn MPNQ l hnh thoi.
S = SMPNQ
1
72(m 2 + n2 )
2
2
2
2
= MN .PQ = 2OM .OP = 2 x M + y M . xP + yP =
2
(9m 2 + 4n2 )(4m2 + 9n2 )
p dng BT C-si:
(9m2 + 4n2 )(4m2 + 9n2 )
(9m 2 + 4n2 ) + (4m 2 + 9n2 ) 13 2

= (m + n2 )
2
2
72(m 2 + n2 ) 144
=
. Du "=" xy ra 9m 2 + 4n2 = 4m 2 + 9n2 m = n
13 2
13
(m + n2 )
2
144
Vy: min S =
khi m = n .
13
x2 y2
Cu 14. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy, cho Hypebol (H) c phng trnh:
= 1.
16 9
Trang 25
phng
Trn S Tng
Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) c tiu im trng vi tiu im ca (H) v ngoi tip
hnh ch nht c s ca (H).
(H) c cc tiu im F1(-5;0); F2 (5; 0) . HCN c s ca (H) c mt nh l M( 4; 3),
Gi s phng trnh chnh tc ca (E) c dng:
x2
a2
y2
b2
= 1 ( vi a > b)
(E) cng c hai tiu im F1(-5;0); F2 (5;0) a2 - b2 = 52

M (4;3) ( E ) 9a2 + 16b2 = a2b2
a2 = 52 + b2
a2 = 40
T (1) v (2) ta c h: 2
.
2
2
2 2
b = 15
9a + 16b = a b
(1)
(2)
Vy (E):
x2 y2
+
=1
40 15
x2 y2
= 1.
9
4
Gi s (d) l mt tip tuyn thay i v F l mt trong hai tiu im ca (H), k FM ^(d).
Chng minh rng M lun nm trn mt ng trn c nh, vit phng trnh ng trn
Cu 15. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy , cho hypebol (H) c phng trnh
(H) c mt tiu im F ( 13; 0) . Gi s pttt (d): ax + by + c = 0 . Khi : 9a2 4b2 = c2 (*)

Phng trnh ng thng qua F vung gc vi (d) l (D): b( x - 13) a y = 0
ax + by = -c
To ca M l nghim ca h:
bx - ay = 13b
Bnh phng hai v ca tng phng trnh ri cng li v kt hp vi (*), ta c x2 + y2 = 9
Cu 16. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho parabol (P): y 2 = x v im I(0; 2). Tm to
uuur
uur
hai im M, N (P) sao cho IM = 4 IN .
Gi M ( x0 ; y0 ), N ( x1; y1) l hai im thuc (P), khi ta c: x0 = y02 ; x1 = y12

uuur
uur
uur
IM = ( x0 ; y0 - 2) = ( y02 ; y0 - 2) ; IN = ( y1; y1 - 2) = ( y12 ; y1 - 2); 4IN = (4 y12 ; 4 y1 - 8)
uuur
uur
y 2 = 4 y 2
y = 1 x1 = 1; y0 = -2; x0 = 4
1
Theo gi thit: IM = 4IN , suy ra: 0
1
y0 - 2 = 4 y1 - 8
y1 = 3 x1 = 9; y0 = 6; x0 = 36
Vy, c 2 cp im cn tm: M (4; 2), N (1;1) hay M (36;6), N (9;3) .
Cu 17. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho parabol (P): y 2 = 8 x . Gi s ng thng d i
qua tiu im ca (P) v ct (P) ti hai im phn bit A, B c honh tng ng l x1, x2 .
Chng minh: AB = x1 + x2 + 4 .
Theo cng thc tnh bk qua tiu: FA = x1 + 2 , FB = x2 + 2 AB = FA + FB = x1 + x2 + 4 .

Cu 18. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho Elip (E): x 2 + 5y 2 = 5 , Parabol (P ) : x = 10 y 2 .
Hy vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc ng thng (D) : x + 3y - 6 = 0 , ng thi

tip xc vi trc honh Ox v ct tuyn chung ca Elip (E) vi Parabol (P).
ng thng i qua cc giao im ca (E) v (P): x = 2
4 - 3b = b
b =1
Tm I D nn: I (6 - 3b; b) . Ta c: 6 - 3b - 2 = b
4 - 3b = - b
b = 2
(C): ( x - 3)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 1 hoc (C): x 2 + ( y - 2)2 = 4

Trang 26
Trn S Tng

TP 04: TAM GIC
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho DABC bit: B(2; 1), ng cao qua A c phng
trnh d1: 3x 4 y + 27 = 0 , phn gic trong gc C c phng trnh d2: x + 2 y 5 = 0 . Tm to
im A.
x - 2 y +1
Phng trnh BC:
=
To im C(-1;3)
3
-4
+ Gi B l im i xng ca B qua d2, I l giao im ca BB v d2.
x - 2 y +1
phng trnh BB:
=
2x - y - 5 = 0
1
2
2 x - y - 5 = 0
x = 3
+ To im I l nghim ca h:
I (3;1)
x + 2y - 5 = 0
y = 1
x = 2 x I - xB = 4
+ V I l trung im BB nn: B '
B (4;3)
y
=
2
y
y
=
3
B'
I
B
Cu 1.
+ ng AC qua C v B nn c phng trnh: y 3 =0.

y - 3 = 0
x = -5
+ To im A l nghim ca h:
A(-5;3)
3
x
4
y
+
27
=
0
y = 3
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c ng cao AH, trung tuyn CM
17
v phn gic trong BD. Bit H (-4;1), M ;12 v BD c phng trnh x + y - 5 = 0 . Tm

5
ta nh A ca tam gic ABC.

ng thng D qua H v vung gc vi BD c PT: x - y + 5 = 0 . D BD = I I (0;5)
Gi s D AB = H ' . D BHH ' cn ti B I l trung im ca HH ' H '(4;9) .
Cu 2.
Phng trnh AB: 5 x + y - 29 = 0 . B = AB BD B(6; -1) A ;25

5
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh C(4; 3). Bit phng trnh
ng phn gic trong (AD): x + 2 y - 5 = 0 , ng trung tuyn (AM): 4 x + 13y - 10 = 0 .
Tm to nh B.
Ta c A = AD AM A(9; 2). Gi C l im i xng ca C qua AD C AB.
x -9 y +2
Ta tm c: C(2; 1). Suy ra phng trnh (AB):
=
x + 7y + 5 = 0 .
2 - 9 -1 + 2
Vit phng trnh ng thng Cx // AB (Cx): x + 7 y - 25 = 0
Cu 3.
3
, A(2;3),
2
B(3;2). Tm to im C, bit im C nm trn ng thng (d): 3x y 4 = 0 .
Cu 4.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng
x = t
PTTS ca d:
. Gi s C(t; 4 + 3t) d.
y = -4 + 3t
uuur uuur 2
1
1
3
S = AB. AC.sin A =
AB2 .AC 2 - ( AB. AC ) =
2
2
2
C(2; 10) hoc C(1;1).
Trang 27
t = -2
4t 2 + 4t + 1 = 3
t = 1
phng
Cu 5.
Trn S Tng
Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tam gic ABC bit A(2; 3), B(3; 2), c din tch bng
trng tm G thuc ng thng D : 3x y 8 = 0 . Tm ta nh C.
3
v
2
5 5
2 , trung im M ; - . Phng trnh AB: x - y - 5 = 0 .
2 2
1
3
3
= AB.d (C , AB) = d (C , AB) =
.
2
2
2
Ta c: AB =
S ABC
t - (3t - 8) - 5
t = 1

t = 2
2
2
2
Vi t = 1 G(1; 5) C(2; 10) Vi t = 2 G(2; 2) C(1; 1)
Cu hi tng t:
27
a) Vi A(2;-1) , B(1;- 2) , S ABC =
, G D : x + y - 2 = 0 . S: C(18; -12) hoc C(-9;15)
2
Gi G(t;3t - 8) D d (G, AB) =
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy , cho ng thng d : x + 2 y - 3 = 0 v hai im

A(-1;2) , B(2;1) . Tm to im C thuc ng thng d sao cho din tch tam gic ABC
bng 2.
Cu 6.
AB = 10 , C (-2a + 3; a) d. Phng trnh ng thng AB : x + 3y - 5 = 0 .

a-2
1
1
a = 6
AB.d (C , AB) = 2
10.
=2
2
2
a = -2
10
Vi a = 6 ta c C(-9;6)
Vi a = -2 ta c C(7; -2) .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi d : x - 2 y - 1 = 0 , A(1; 0), B(3; -1) , S ABC = 6 .
S: C(7;3) hoc C(-5; -3) .
SD ABC = 2
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(2; 3), B(3; 2), din tch tam
gic bng 1,5 v trng tm I nm trn ng thng d: 3x - y - 8 = 0 . Tm to im C.
Cu 7.
V CH ^ AB, IK ^ AB. AB =
Gi s I(a; 3a 8) d.
2SD ABC
1
1
3
=
IK = CH =
.
AB
3
2
2
Phng trnh AB: x - y - 5 = 0 .
2 CH =
a = 2
d ( I , AB) = IK 3 - 2a = 1
I(2; 2) hoc I(1; 5).
a = 1
+ Vi I(2; 2) C(1; 1)
+ Vi I(1; 5) C(2; 10).
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(1; 0), B(0;2) , din tch tam
gic bng 2 v trung im I ca AC nm trn ng thng d: y = x . Tm to im C.
Cu 8.
Phng trnh AB : 2 x + y - 2 = 0 . Gi s I (t; t ) d C (2t - 1;2t ) .

1
4
Theo gi thit: SD ABC = AB.d (C , AB) = 2 6t - 4 = 4 t = 0; t = .
2
3
5 8
4
+ Vi t = 0 C(-1;0)
+ Vi t = C ; .
3
3 3
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(3; 5); B(4; 3), ng phn
gic trong v t C l d : x + 2 y - 8 = 0 . Lp phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic
ABC.
Cu 9.
Trang 28
Trn S Tng
Gi E l im i xng ca A qua d E BC. Tm c E(1;1)

PT ng thng BC: 4 x + 3y + 1 = 0 . C = d BC C(-2;5) .
Phng trnh ng trn (ABC) c dng: x 2 + y 2 - 2ax - 2by + c = 0; a2 + b2 - c > 0
4a - 10b + c = -29
1
5
-99
Ta c A, B, C (ABC) -6a - 10b + c = -34 a = ; b = ; c =

2
8
4
-8a + 6b + c = -25
Vy phng trnh ng trn l: x 2 + y 2 - x -
5
99
y= 0.
4
4
Cu 10. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trung im cnh AB l
M(-1;2) , tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic l I(2; -1) . ng cao ca tam gic k t A c
phng trnh 2 x + y + 1 = 0 . Tm to nh C.
uuur
PT ng thng AB qua M v nhn MI = (3; -3) lm VTPT: ( AB) : x - y + 3 = 0 .
4 5
x - y + 3 = 0
To im A l nghim ca h:
A - ; .
3 3
2 x + y + 1 = 0
2 7
M(-1;2) l trung im ca AB nn B - ; .
3 3
2
x
=
+ 2t
r
3
ng thng BC qua B v nhn n = (2;1) lm VTCP nn c PT:
y = 7 + t
3
2
7
Gi s C - + 2t; + t ( BC ) .
3
3
2
2
2
2
t = 0 (loai v C B)
8 10 8 10
Ta c: IB = IC 2t - + t + = + 4
3
3 3 3
t =
5
14 47
Vy: C ; .
15 15
Cu 11. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vi AB = 5 , nh C(-1; -1) ,
ng thng AB c phng trnh x + 2 y - 3 = 0 , trng tm ca DABC thuc ng thng

d : x + y - 2 = 0 . Xc nh to cc nh A, B ca tam gic ABC.
2a - 1
uuur 2 uur
xG = 3
Gi I (a; b) l trung im ca AB, G l trng tm DABC CG = CI
3
yG = 2b - 1
3
2a - 1 2b - 1
Do G d nn
+
- 2 = 0 To im I l nghim ca h:
3
3
a + 2b - 3 = 0
a = 5
I(5; -1) .
2a - 1 2b - 1
b = -1
3 + 3 - 2 = 0
A, B ( AB)
x + 2y - 3 = 0
Ta c
To
cc
im
A,
B
l
cc
nghim
ca
h:
5
5
2
2
IA = IB = 2
( x - 5) + ( y + 1) = 4
Trang 29
phng
Trn S Tng
1
x = 4; y = - 2
1
3
3
1

A 4; - , B 6; - hoc A 6; - , B 4; - .
2
2
2
x = 6; y = - 3
2
Cu 12. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho im G(2;1)
v hai ng thng
d1 : x + 2 y - 7 = 0 , d2 : 5 x + y - 8 = 0 . Tm to im B d1, C d2 sao cho tam gic ABC

nhn im G lm trng tm, bit A l giao im ca d1, d2 .
x + 2y - 7 = 0
x = 1

A(1;3) .
5
x
+
y
8
=
0
y = 3
Gi s B(7 - 2b; b) d1; C (c;8 - 5c) d2 .
x A + x B + xC
xG =
2 b - c = 2
b = 2
3
V G l trng tm ca DABC nn:
.
b - 5c = -8
c = 2
y = y A + yB + yC
G
3
Vy: B(3;2), C (2; -2) .
Cu 13. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(2;1) . ng cao BH c
phng trnh x - 3y - 7 = 0 . ng trung tuyn CM c phng trnh x + y + 1 = 0 . Xc nh

to cc nh B, C. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
AC qua A v vung gc vi ng cao BH ( AC ) : x - 3y - 7 = 0 .
x - 3y - 7 = 0
To im C l nghim ca h:
C(4; -5) .
x + y + 1 = 0
2 + xB
1 + yB
2 + x B 1 + yB
Trung im M ca AB c: x M =
; yM =
. M (CM )
+
+1 = 0 .
2
2
2
2
x - 3y - 7 = 0
To im B l nghim ca h: 2 + x B 1 + yB
B(-2; -3) .
2 + 2 + 1 = 0
14 7
x - 3y - 7 = 0
To im H l nghim ca h:
H ;- .
3
x
+
y
7
=
0
5 5
BH =
8 10
1
1
8 10
; AC = 2 10 SD ABC = AC .BH = .2 10.
= 16 (vdt).
5
2
2
5
Cu 14. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(4; -2) , phng trnh ng
cao k t C v ng trung trc ca BC ln lt l: x - y + 2 = 0 , 3 x + 4 y - 2 = 0 . Tm to

cc nh B v C.
ng thng AB qua A v vung gc vi ng cao CH ( AB) : x - y + 2 = 0 .
b+c 4-b+c
Gi B(b;2 - b) ( AB) , C (c; c + 2) (CH ) Trung im M ca BC: M
;
.
2
2
V M thuc trung trc ca BC nn: 3(b + c) + 4(4 - b + c) - 4 = 0 - b + 7c + 12 = 0 (1)

uuur
BC = (c - b; c + b) l 1 VTPT ca trung trc BC nn 4(c - b) = 3(c + b) c = 7b (2)
1 9 7 1
7
1
T (1) v (2) c = - , b = - . Vy B - ; , C - ; .
4 4 4 4
4
4
Trang 30
Trn S Tng
Cu 15. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A(-1; 4) v cc nh B, C thuc ng
thng D : x - y - 4 = 0 . Xc nh to cc im B, C, bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 18.

7 1
9
Gi H l trung im ca BC H l hnh chiu ca A trn D H ; - AH =
2 2
2
1
Theo gi thit: SD ABC = 18 BC. AH = 18 BC = 4 2 HB = HC = 2 2 .
2
11
3
x - y - 4 = 0
x= ;y=
2
2
2
2
To cc im B, C l cc nghim ca h:

7
1
3
x - + y + = 8
x = ; y = - 5
2
2
2
2
11 3 3 5
3 5
11 3
Vy B ; , C ; - hoc B ; - , C ; .
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
Cu 16. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho hai ng thng d1: x + y + 5 = 0 , d2:
x + 2 y 7 = 0 v tam gic ABC c A(2; 3), trng tm l im G(2; 0), im B thuc d1 v

im C thuc d2 . Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Do B d1 nn B(m; m 5), C d2 nn C(7 2n; n)
2 + m + 7 - 2n = 3.2
m = -1
Do G l trng tm DABC nn
B(1; 4), C(5; 1)
3 - m - 5 + n = 3.0
n = 1
83
17
338
PT ng trn ngoi tip DABC: x 2 + y 2 - x + y =0
27
9
27
Cu 17. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(4;6) , phng trnh cc
ng thng cha ng cao v trung tuyn k t nh C ln lt l d1 : 2 x - y + 13 = 0 v

d2 : 6 x - 13y + 29 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC .
ng cao CH : 2 x - y + 13 = 0 , trung tuyn CM : 6 x - 13y + 29 = 0 C(-7; - 1)

PT ng thng AB: x + 2 y - 16 = 0 . M = CM AB M(6;5) B(8;4) .
Gi s phng trnh ng trn (C) ngoi tip D ABC : x 2 + y 2 + mx + ny + p = 0.
52 + 4m + 6n + p = 0
m = -4
V A, B, C (C) nn 80 + 8m + 4n + p = 0 n = 6 .
50 - 7m - n + p = 0
p = -72
Suy ra PT ng trn: x 2 + y 2 - 4 x + 6 y - 72 = 0 .
Cu 18. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC, c im A(2; 3), trng tm G(2; 0). Hai
nh B v C ln lt nm trn hai ng thng d1 : x + y + 5 = 0 v d2 : x + 2 y 7 = 0 . Vit

phng trnh ng trn c tm C v tip xc vi ng thng BG.
Gi s B(-5 - b; b) d1; C (7 - 2c; c) d2 .
x + xC + 2 = 6
V G l trng tm DABC nn ta c h: B
B(1;4) , C(5; 1).
yB + yC + 3 = 0
9
Phng trnh BG: 4 x 3y 8 = 0 . Bn knh R = d (C , BG ) =
5
81
Phng trnh ng trn: ( x 5)2 + ( y 1)2 =
25
Trang 31
phng
Cu 19. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c
Trn S Tng
A(-3;6) , trc tm H(2;1) ,
4 7
trng tm G ; . Xc nh to cc nh B v C.
3 3
uuur 2 uur
7 1
Gi I l trung im ca BC. Ta c AG = AI I ;
3
2 2
ng thng BC qua I vung gc vi AH c phng trnh: x - y - 3 = 0
V I l trung im ca BC nn gi s B( x B ; yB ) th C (7 - x B ;1 - yB ) v x B - yB - 3 = 0 .
uuur
uuur
H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC nn CH ^ AB ; CH = (-5 + x B ; yB ), AB = ( xB + 3; yB - 6)
uuur uuur
x - y = 3
x = 1
x = 6
CH . AB = 0 B B
B
B
( xB - 5)( x B + 3) + ( yB - 6) = 0
yB = -2 yB = 3
Vy B (1; -2 ) , C ( 6;3) hoc B ( 6;3) , C (1; -2 )
Cu 20. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; 2),
ng cao
CH : x - y + 1 = 0 , phn gic trong BN : 2 x + y + 5 = 0 . Tm to cc nh B, C v tnh din
tch tam gic ABC.
Do AB ^ CH nn phng trnh AB: x + y + 1 = 0 .
2 x + y + 5 = 0
x = -4
+ B = AB BN To im B l nghim ca h:

B(-4;3) .
y = 3
x + y +1 = 0
+ Ly A i xng vi A qua BN th A ' BC .
Phng trnh ng thng (d) qua A v vung gc vi BN l (d): x - 2 y - 5 = 0 .
2 x + y + 5 = 0
Gi I = (d ) BN . Gii h:
. Suy ra: I(1; 3) A '(-3; -4)
x - 2y - 5 = 0
13 9
+ Phng trnh BC: 7 x + y + 25 = 0 . Gii h: BC : 7 x + y + 25 = 0 C - ; - .
4 4
CH : x - y + 1 = 0
2
2
7.1 + 1(-2) + 25
13
9
450
+ BC = -4 + + 3 + =
, d ( A; BC ) =
=3 2.
4
4
4
72 + 12
Suy ra: S ABC =
1
1
450 45
d ( A; BC ).BC = .3 2.
= .
2
2
4
4
Cu 21. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho D ABC , vi nh A(1; 3) phng trnh ng phn
gic trong BD: x + y - 2 = 0 v phng trnh ng trung tuyn CE: x + 8y - 7 = 0 . Tm to

cc nh B, C.
b +1 1+ b
Gi E l trung im ca AB. Gi s B(b;2 - b) BD E
; CE b = -3
2
2
B(-3;5) . Gi A l im i xng ca A qua BD A BC. Tm c A(5; 1)
x + 8y - 7 = 0
Phng trnh BC: x + 2 y - 7 = 0 ; C = CE BC :
C (7; 0) .
x + 2y - 7 = 0
Cu 22. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC c nh A(3; 4). Phng trnh
ng trung trc cnh BC, ng trung tuyn xut pht t C ln lt l d1 : x + y - 1 = 0 v

d2 : 3 x - y - 9 = 0 . Tm ta cc nh B, C ca tam gic ABC.
Trang 32
Trn S Tng
Gi C (c;3c - 9) d2 v M l trung im ca BC M (m;1 - m) d1 .

2m - c + 3 7 - 2m - 3c
B(2m - c;11 - 2m - 3c) . Gi I l trung im ca AB, ta c I
;
.
2
2
2m - c + 3 7 - 2m - 3c
V I (d2 ) nn 3.
- 9 = 0 m = 2 M(2; -1)
2
2
Phng trnh BC: x - y - 3 = 0 .
C = BC d2 C (3; 0) B(1; -2) .
Cu 23. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c nh A(6; 6), ng
thng d i qua trung im ca cc cnh AB v AC c phng trnh x + y - 4 = 0. Tm ta

cc nh B v C, bit im E(1; -3) nm trn ng cao i qua nh C ca tam gic cho.
Gi H l chn ng cao xut pht t A H i xng vi A qua d H(-2; -2)
PT ng thng BC: x + y + 4 = 0 . Gi s B(m; -4 - m) BC C (-4 - m; m)
uuur
uuur
CE = (5 + m; -3 - m), AB = (m - 6; -10 - m) .
uuur uuur
V CE ^ AB nn AB.CE = 0 (m - 6)(m + 5) + (m + 3)(m + 10) = 0 m = 0; m = -6 .
Vy: B(0; -4), C (-4; 0)
hoc B(-6;2), C (2; -6) .
Cu 24. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(2; 4) . ng thng D
qua trung im ca cnh AB v AC c phng trnh 4 x - 6 y + 9 = 0 ; trung im ca cnh BC

nm trn ng thng d c phng trnh: 2 x - 2 y - 1 = 0 . Tm ta cc nh B v C, bit
7
rng tam gic ABC c din tch bng v nh C c honh ln hn 1.
2
40 31
Gi A l im i xng ca A qua D, ta tnh c A ' ; BC : 2 x - 3y + 1 = 0
13 13
5
Ta gi M l trung im ca BC, th M l giao ca ng thng d v BC nn M ;2 .
2
3t - 1
1
7 1 7
Gi s C
; t (BC ) . Ta c SD ABC = d ( A; BC ).BC =
.BC BC = 13
2
2 2 13
2
3t - 6
13
13
t = 3
C (4;3)
2
CM =

B(1;1) .
+ (t - 2) =
t
=
1
2
2
2
C (1;1) (loai)
Vy: B(1;1) , C(4;3) .
Cu 25. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho DABC c ta nh B(3; 5) , phng trnh
ng cao h t nh A v ng trung tuyn h t nh C ln lt l d1 : 2x 5y + 3 = 0 v

d2 : x + y 5 = 0. Tm ta cc nh A v C ca tam gic ABC.
5b - 3
Gi M l trung im AB th M d2 nn M (a;5 - a) . nh A d1 nn A
;b .
2
x + xB = 2 x M
4a - 5b = 3 a = 2
M l trung im AB: A
A(1; 1).
2 a + b = 5
b = 1
y A + yB = 2 y M
Phng trnh BC: 5x + 2 y - 25 = 0 ;
C = d2 BC C(5; 0).
Cu 26. Trong mt phng to vi h to Oxy, cho D ABC vi AB = 5, nh C(-1; -1) ,
phng trnh cnh AB : x + 2 y - 3 = 0 v trng tm G ca D ABC thuc ng thng

Trang 33
phng
Trn S Tng
d : x + y - 2 = 0 . Xc nh ta cc nh A, B ca tam gic.
Gi I ( x; y) l trung im AB , G( xG ; yG ) l trng tm ca DABC
2x - 1
uuur 2 uur
xG = 3
CG = CI
3
yG = 2 y - 1
3
G d : x + y - 2 = 0 nn c: xG + yG - 2 = 0
2 x - 1 2y - 1
+
-2= 0
3
3
x + 2y - 3 = 0
Ta im I tha mn h: 2 x - 1 2 y - 1
I (5; -1)
+
2
=
0
3
3
2
AB
5
Gi A( x A ; y A ) IA = ( x A - 5) + ( y A + 1) =
= .
4
2
Hn na A AB : x + 2 y - 3 = 0 suy ra ta im A l nghim ca h:
2
x A + 2yA - 3 = 0
xA = 4
xA = 6
2
2
5
1
3
( x A - 5) + ( y A + 1) = 4
y A = - 2
y A = - 2
1
3
1
3
Vy: A 4, - , B 6; - hoc B 4, - , A 6; - .
2
2
2
2
Cu 27. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy , tm to cc nh ca mt tam gic vung cn, bit
nh C(3; -1) v phng trnh ca cnh huyn l d : 3 x - y + 2 = 0 .
To im C khng tho mn phng trnh cnh huyn nn DABC vung cn ti C. Gi I

l trung im ca AB . Phng trnh ng thng CI: x + 3y = 0 .
3 1
72
I = CI AB I - ; AI = BI = CI =
5
5 5
3
19
3 x - y + 2 = 0
A, B d
x = 5; y = 5
2
2
Ta c:
72
3
1
72
AI = BI = 5
x + 5 + y - 5 = 5
x = - 9 ; y = - 17
5
5
3 19 9 17
Vy to 2 nh cn tm l: ; , - ; - .
5 5 5 5
Cu 28. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho im C(2; 5) v ng thng D c phng trnh:
5
3x - 4 y + 4 = 0 . Tm trn D hai im A v B i xng nhau qua I 2; sao cho din tch
2
tam gic ABC bng 15.
3a + 4
16 - 3a
1
Gi A a;
D B 4 - a;
S ABC = AB.d (C , D) = 3 AB AB = 5.
4
2
2
6 - 3a
a = 4
AB = 5 (4 - 2a) +
= 25 a = 0 . Vy hai im cn tm l A(0; 1) v B(4; 4).
2
2
Cu 29. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi B(1; -2) ng cao
Trang 34
Trn S Tng
AH : x - y + 3 = 0 . Tm ta cc nh A, C ca tam gic ABC bit C thuc ng thng

d :2 x + y - 1 = 0 v din tch tam gic ABC bng 1.
Phng trnh BC : x + y + 1 = 0 . C = BC d C(2; -3) .

Gi A( x0 ; y0 ) AH x0 - y0 + 3 = 0 (1);
SDABC =
BC = 2, AH = d ( A, BC ) =
x 0 + y0 + 1
2
x + y + 1 = 2 (2)
1
1 x + y +1
AH .BC = 1 . 0 0
. 2 =1 0 0
2
2
2
x 0 + y0 + 1 = -2 (3)
x = -1
x = -3
T (1) v (2) 0
A(-1;2) . T (1) v (3) 0
A(-3; 0)
y0 = 2
y0 = 0
Cu 30. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A(2;1) , im B nm
trn trc honh, im C nm trn trc tung sao cho cc im B, C c to khng m. Tm

to cc im B, C sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch ln nht.
Gi s B(b;0), C (0; c), (b, c 0) .
uuur uuur
5
DABC vung ti A AB. AC = 0 c = -2b + 5 0 0 b .
2
1
1
SD ABC = AB. AC =
(b - 2)2 + 1. 22 + (c - 1)2 = (b - 2)2 + 1 = b2 - 4b + 5
2
2
5
Do 0 b nn SD ABC t GTLN b = 0 B(0;0), C (0;5) .
2
Cu 31. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(-1; -3) , trng tm
G(4; -2) , trung trc ca AB l d : 3 x + 2 y - 4 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic ABC.
uuur 3 uuur
13 3
Gi M l trung im ca BC AM = AG M ; - .
2 2
2
r
AB ^ d AB nhn ud = (2; -3) lm VTPT Phng trnh AB : 2 x - 3y - 7 = 0 .
Gi N l trung im ca AB N = AB d N(2; -1) B(5;1) C(8; -4) .
PT ng trn (C) ngoi tip DABC c dng: x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0 ( a2 + b2 - c > 0 ).
74
a = 21
2a + 6b - c = 10
23
148
46
8
Khi ta c h: 10a + 2b + c = -26 b = - . Vy: (C ) : x 2 + y 2 x+
y+ =0
7
21
7
3
16a - 8b + c = -80
c = 8
3
Cu 32. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trng tm G(-2, 0) v phng
trnh cc cnh AB, AC theo th t l: 4 x + y + 14 = 0 ; 2 x + 5y - 2 = 0 . Tm ta cc nh

A, B, C.
A(4, 2), B(3, 2), C(1, 0)
Cu 33. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trc tm H(-1;6) , cc im
M (2;2) N (1;1) ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AC, BC. Tm to cc nh A, B, C.
ng thng CH qua H v vung gc vi MN CH : x + y + 5 = 0 .

Trang 35
phng
uuur
Gi s C (a;5 - a) CH CN = (1 - a; a - 4)
uuur
V M l trung im ca AC nn A(4 - a; a - 1) AH = (a - 5; 7 - a)
V N l trung im ca BC nn B(2 - a; a - 3)
Trn S Tng
a = 3
uuur uuur
V H l trc tm DABC nn: AH .CN = 0 (a - 5)(1 - a) + (7 - a)(a - 4) = 0
11 .
a =
2
+ Vi a = 3 C (3;2), A(1;2), B(-1;0)
11 1 3 9 7 5
11
+ Vi a =
C ;- , A - ; ,B - ;
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
Cu 34. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phn gic trong AD v ng
cao CH ln lt c phng trnh x + y - 2 = 0 , x - 2 y + 5 = 0 . im M(3; 0) thuc on AC

tho mn AB = 2 AM . Xc nh to cc nh A, B, C ca tam gic ABC.
Gi E l im i xng ca M qua AD E(2; -1) .
ng thng AB qua E v vung gc vi CH ( AB) : 2 x + y - 3 = 0 .
2 x + y - 3 = 0
A(1;1) PT ( AM ) : x + 2 y - 3 = 0
x + y - 2 = 0
Do AB = 2 AM nn E l trung im ca AB B(3; -3) .
x + 2y - 3 = 0
To im C l nghim ca h:
C(-1;2)
x - 2y + 5 = 0
Vy: A(1;1) , B(3; -3) , C(-1;2) .
Cu hi tng t:
1
a) ( AD ) : x - y = 0 , (CH ) : 2 x + y + 3 = 0 , M(0; -1) . S: A(1;1) ; B(-3; -1) ; C - ; -2

2
Cu 35. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A, ng thng BC c
phng trnh x + 2 y - 2 = 0 . ng cao k t B c phng trnh x - y + 4 = 0 , im

M(-1; 0) thuc ng cao k t C. Xc nh to cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
x + 2y - 2 = 0
To nh B l nghim ca h:
B(-2;2) .
x - y + 4 = 0
Gi d l ng thng qua M v song song vi BC d : x + 2 y + 1 = 0 .
Gi N l giao im ca d vi ng cao k t B To ca N l nghim ca h:
x - y + 4 = 0
x + 2 y + 1 = 0 N(-3;1) .
1
Gi I l trung im ca MN I -2; . Gi E l trung im ca BC IE l ng trung
2
trc ca BC IE : 4 x - 2 y + 9 = 0 .
7 17
4 7
x + 2y - 2 = 0
To im E l nghim ca h:
E- ; C- ; .
5 10
5 5
4 x - 2 y + 9 = 0
3
ng thng CA qua C v vung gc vi BN CA : x + y - = 0 .
5
4 x - 2 y + 9 = 0
13 19
To nh A l nghim ca h:
A - ; .
3
10 10
x + y - 5 = 0
Trang 36
Trn S Tng
13 19
4 7
Vy: A - ; , B(-2;2) , C - ; .
10 10
5 5
Cu 36. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A thuc ng thng d:
x 4 y 2 = 0 , cnh BC song song vi d, phng trnh ng cao BH: x + y + 3 = 0 v trung

im ca cnh AC l M(1; 1). Tm to cc nh A, B, C.
Ta c AC vung gc vi BH v i qua M(1; 1) nn c phng trnh: y = x .
2
x = - 3
2 2
x - 4y - 2 = 0
To nh A l nghim ca h :
A - ;-
y = x
3 3
y = - 2
3
8 8
V M l trung im ca AC nn C ;
3 3
V BC i qua C v song song vi d nn BC c phng trnh: y =
x
+2
4
x + y + 3 = 0
x = -4
BH BC = B :
B(-4;1)
x
y = 1
y = 4 + 2
Cu 37. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c ng cao
BH : 3 x + 4 y + 10 = 0 , ng phn gic trong gc A l AD c phng trnh l x - y + 1 = 0 ,
im M(0; 2) thuc ng thng AB ng thi cch C mt khong bng 2 . Tm ta cc

nh ca tam gic ABC.
Gi N i xng vi M qua AD . Ta c N AC v N (1;1) PT cnh AC : 4 x - 3y - 1 = 0
1
A = AC AD A(4;5) . AB i qua M, A PT cnh AB : 3 x - 4 y + 8 = 0 B -3; -
4
31 33
Gi C (a; b) AC 4a - 3b - 1 = 0 , ta c MC = 2 C(1;1) hoc C
;
.
25 25
Kim tra iu kin B, C khc pha vi AD, ta c c hai im trn u tha mn.
Cu 38. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c im M(1; 1) l trung im
ca cnh BC, hai cnh AB, AC ln lt nm trn hai ng thng d1: x + y - 2 = 0 v d2:
2 x + 6 y + 3 = 0 . Tm to cc nh A, B, C.
15 7
x + y - 2 = 0
A ;- .
4 4
2 x + 6 y + 3 = 0
-3 - 2c
Gi s: B(b;2 - b) d1, C c;
d2. M(1; 1) l trung im ca BC
6
b + c
1
2 = -1
b=
4 B 1 ; 7 , C - 9 ; 1 .
-3 - 2c
4 4
4 4
2 - b + 6
c = - 9
=
1
Cu 39. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho D ABC cn c y l BC. nh A c ta l cc
s dng, hai im B v C nm trn trc Ox, phng trnh cnh AB : y = 3 7( x - 1) . Bit chu
Trang 37
phng
Trn S Tng
vi ca D ABC bng 18, tm ta cc nh A, B, C.
B = AB Ox B(1; 0) , A AB A ( a;3 7(a - 1) ) a > 1 (do x A > 0, y A > 0 ).

Gi AH l ng cao D ABC H (a; 0) C (2a - 1;0) BC = 2(a - 1), AB = AC = 8(a - 1) .
Chu vi D ABC = 18 a = 2 C (3;0), A ( 2;3 7 ) .
Cu 40. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC bit phng trnh cc ng thng
cha cc cnh AB, BC ln lt l 4 x + 3y 4 = 0 ; x y 1 = 0 . Phn gic trong ca gc A

nm trn ng thng x + 2 y 6 = 0 . Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
4 x + 3y - 4 = 0
x = -2
Ta ca A nghim ng h phng trnh:
A(-2;4)
x + 2y - 6 = 0
y = 4
4 x + 3y - 4 = 0
x = 1
Ta ca B nghim ng h phng trnh
B (1; 0 )
x
y
1
=
0
y = 0
Phng trnh AC qua im A(2;4) c dng: a( x + 2) + b( y - 4) = 0 ax + by + 2a - 4b = 0
Gi D1 : 4 x + 3y - 4 = 0; D2 : x + 2 y - 6 = 0; D3 : ax + by + 2a - 4b = 0

T gi thit suy ra ( D2 ; D3 ) = ( D1; D2 ) .
Do
cos(
D2 ; D3 ) = cos(
D1; D2 )
1.a + 2.b
4.1 + 2.3
25. 5
5. a2 + b2
a = 0
a + 2b = 2 a2 + b2 a(3a - 4b) = 0
3a - 4b = 0
a = 0 b 0 . Do D3 : y - 4 = 0
3a 4b = 0: Chn a = 4 th b = 3. Suy ra D3 : 4 x + 3y - 4 = 0 (trng vi D1 ).
Do vy, phng trnh ca ng thng AC l y 4 = 0.
y - 4 = 0
x = 5
Ta ca C nghim ng h phng trnh:
C (5; 4)
x - y -1 = 0
y = 4
Cu 41. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC bit A(5; 2). Phng trnh ng
trung trc cnh BC, ng trung tuyn CC ln lt l x + y 6 = 0 v 2x y + 3 = 0. Tm ta

cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
Gi C (c; 2c + 3) v I (m;6 - m) l trung im ca BC. Suy ra: B(2m - c; 9 - 2m - 2c) .
2m - c + 5 11 - 2m - 2c
V C l trung im ca AB nn: C '
;
CC '
2
2
2m - c + 5 11 - 2m - 2c
5 41
5
nn 2
+3 = 0 m = - I - ; .
2
6
6 6
14 37
19 4
Phng trnh BC: 3 x - 3y + 23 = 0 C ; B - ; .
3 3
3 3
Cu 42. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, bit to trc tm, tm ng trn ngoi tip tam
5 5
gic ABC ln lt l H(2;2), I(1;2) v trung im M ; ca cnh BC. Hy tm to cc
2 2
nh A, B, C bit x B > xC ( x B , xC ln lt honh im B v C).
uuur
uur
4
Gi G l trng tm DABC ta c : GH = -2GI G ;2
3
Trang 38

uuur
uuur
Mt khc v GA = -2GM nn A(-1;1) . Phng trnh BC: 3 x + y - 10 = 0 . ng trn (C)
Trn S Tng
ngoi tip D c tm I(1; 2) v bn knh R = 4 + 1 = 5 . Do (C) : ( x - 1)2 + ( y - 2)2 = 5 .

2
2
x = 2
x = 3
Khi to B ;C l nghim h : ( x - 1) + ( y - 2) = 5
y
=
4
y = 1
3 x + y - 10 = 0
V x B > xC nn B(3;1) ; C(2;4). Vy : A(1; 1); B(3; 1) ; C(2; 4).

Cu 43. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti C c din tch bng 10,
9
phng trnh cnh AB l x - 2 y = 0 , im I(4; 2) l trung im ca AB, im M 4; thuc
2
cnh BC. Tm ta cc nh A, B, C bit tung im B ln hn hoc bng 3.
Gi s B(2 yB ; yB ) AB A(8 - 2 yB ; 4 - yB ) . Phng trnh CI: 2 x + y - 10 = 0 .
uur
uuur
Gi C ( xC ;10 - 2 xC ) CI = 5 4 - xC ; AB = 20 yB - 2 .
x y - 4 yB - 2 xC = -6
(1)
1
S ABC = CI . AB = 10 4 yB + 2 xC - xC yB - 8 = 2 C B
(2)
2
xC yB - 4 yB - 2 xC = -10
4 - xC = k ( 2 yB - 4 )
uuur
uuur
V M BC CM = k MB 11
9 2 xC yB - 6 yB - 5 xC + 16 = 0 (3)
+
2
x
=
k
y
C
B
2
2
y = -1 - 2
x y - 4 yB - 2 xC = -6
T (1) v (3): C B
B
(loi, v yB 3 )
2 xC yB - 6 yB - 5 xC + 16 = 0 yB = -1 + 2
x y - 4 yB - 2 xC = -10
y = 3
T (2) v (3): C B
B
(tho)
2 xC yB - 6 yB - 5 xC + 16 = 0
xC = 2
Vy A(2; 1), B(6; 3), C(2; 6).
Cu 44. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, cc nh A, B thuc
ng thng d: y = 2, phng trnh cnh BC:
3 x - y + 2 = 0 . Tm to cc nh A, B, C
bit bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC bng
3.
B = d BC B(0; 2). Gi s A(a;2) d ,(a 2) , C (c;2 + c 3) BC ,(c 0) .

uuur
uuur
uuur
AB = (- a; 0), AC = (c - a; c 3), BC = (c; c 3) AB = a , AC = (c - a)2 + 3c2 , BC = 2 c
uuur uuur
uuur uuur
AB. AC = 0
DABC vung A v r = 3 AB. AC = 0 1

AB + BC + AC
. 3
S = pr
2 AB. AC =
2
c = a 0
a(c - a) = 0
2
2
2
2
3
a = 3+ 3
a (c - a) + 3c = a + 2 c + (c - a) + 3c
c = a = 3 + 3
A(3 + 3;2), C (3 + 3;5 + 3 3)

A(-3 - 3;2), C (-3 - 3; -1 - 3 3)
c = a = -3 - 3
Cu 45. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, tm to cc nh ca tam gic vung cn ABC, c
phng trnh hai cnh AB : x - 2 y + 1 = 0 , AC : 2 x + y - 3 = 0 v cnh BC cha im

8
I ;1 .
3
Trang 39
phng
Trn S Tng
Ta c: AB ^ AC DABC vung cn ti A A(1;1) .

Gi M(x ; y) thuc tia phn gic At ca gc
BAC . Khi M cch u hai ng thng AB,
AC. Hn na M v I cng pha i vi ng thng AB v cng pha i vi ng thng
x - 2y + 1 2 x + y - 3
=
5
5
AC, tc l:
( x - 2 y + 1) - 2 + 1 > 0 x + 3y - 4 = 0
3
(2 x + y - 3) 16 + 1 - 3 > 0
r
x - 2y + 1 = 0
At ^ BC nBC = (3; -1) BC : 3x - y - 7 = 0 ; B = AB BC :
B(3;2) ;
3 x - y - 7 = 0
2 x + y - 3 = 0
C = AC BC :
C (2; -1) .
3 x - y - 7 = 0
Cu 46. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A, bit cc nh A,
B, C ln lt nm trn cc ng thng d: x + y - 5 = 0 , d1: x + 1 = 0 , d2: y + 2 = 0 . Tm to

cc nh A, B, C, bit BC = 5 2 .
Ch : d1 ^ d2 v DABC vung cn ti A nn A cch u d1, d2 A l giao im ca d v
ng phn gic ca gc to bi d1, duuu
2 A(3; 2).
r
uuur
Gi s B(1; b) d1, C(c; 2) d2. AB = (-4; b - 2), AC = (c - 3; -4) .
uuur uuur
AB. AC = 0
b = 5, c = 0
A(3;2), B(-1;5), C (0; -2)
Ta c: 2

.
b = -1, c = 6
A(3;2), B(-1; -1), C (6; -2)
BC = 50
Cu 47. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC cn ti nh C bit phng trnh
14 5
ng thng AB l: x + y 2 = 0 , trng tm ca tam gic ABC l G ; v din tch ca
3 3
65
tam gic ABC bng
. Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
2
5 1
Gi H l trung im ca AB CH ^ AB CH: x - y - 3 = 0 H ; - C(9;6) .
2 2
uuur
uuur 13 13
Gi A(a; 2 - a) AB B(5 - a; a - 3) AB = (5 - 2a;2a - 5); CH = - ; -
2
2
65
1
65
a = 0
SV ABC =
AB.CH =
8a2 - 40a = 0
2
2
2
a = 5
Vi a = 0 A(0;2); B(5; -3)
Vi a = 5 A(5; -3), B(0;2)
PT ng trn (C) ngoi tip DABC c dng: x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0
a =
+
=
4b c
4
(C) qua A, B, C nn 10a - 6b + c = -34 b =

18a + 12b + c = -117
c =
137
59
66
(C ) : x 2 + y 2 xy+
=0
13
13
13
Trang 40
-137
26
-59
26
66
13
(a2 + b2 - c > 0)
Trn S Tng
Cu 48. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho D ABC c phng trnh cnh AB: x + y 3 = 0 , phng
1
trnh cnh AC: 3 x + y 7 = 0 v trng tm G 2; . Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua
3
trc tm H v hai nh B, C ca tam gic ABC.
A = AB AC A(2;1) . Gi s B(m;3 m), C (n;7 3n) .
1
2 + m + n = 6
m = 1
G 2; l trng tm DABC nn:
B(1; 2), C(3; 2)
3
1 + 3 - m + 7 - 3n = 1 n = 3
uuur uuur
AH ^ BC
H l trc tm DABC uuur uuur H(10;5) .
BH ^ AC
PT ng trn (S) qua B, C, H c dng: x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0 (a2 + b2 - c > 0)
2a + 4b + c = -5
a = -6
Do B, C, H (S) 6a - 4b + c = -13
b = -2 . Vy (S): x 2 + y 2 12 x 4 y + 15 = 0 .
20a + 10b + c = -125 c = 15
Cu 49. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho im A(0; 2) v ng thng d: x 2 y + 2 = 0 .
Tm trn d hai im B, C sao cho tam gic ABC vung ti B v AB = 2BC.

2 6
4 7
B ; ; C1(0;1); C2 ;
5 5
5 5
Cu 50. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung cn ngoi tip ng trn
(C ) : x 2 + y 2 = 2 . Tm to 3 nh ca tam gic, bit im A thuc tia Ox.
A l giao ca tia Ox vi (C) A(2; 0) .

Hai tip tuyn k t A n (C) l: x + y - 2 = 0 v x - y - 2 = 0 .
V DABC vung cn nn cnh BC tip xc vi (C) ti trung im M ca BC
M l giao ca tia i tia Ox vi (C) M ( - 2; 0 ) .
Phng trnh cnh BC: x = - 2 . B v C l cc giao im ca BC vi 2 tip tuyn trn
To 2 im B, C l: ( - 2;2 + 2 ) , ( - 2; -2 - 2 ) .
Cu 51. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trung im ca cnh BC l
im M(3; -1) , ng thng cha ng cao k t nh B i qua im E(-1; -3) v ng

thng cha cnh AC i qua im F(1;3) . Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC, bit rng
im i xng ca nh A qua tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l im D(4; -2) .
Gi H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC, ta chng minh c BDCH luuu

hnh
r bnh hnh nn M
l trung im ca HD suy ra H(2; 0) . ng thng BH c VTCP l EH = (3;3) VTPT l
r
nBH = (1; -1) BH : x - y - 2 = 0
r
r
+ AC vung gc vi BH nn nAC = uBH = (1;1) AC : x + y - 4 = 0
r
r
+ AC vung gc vi CD nn nDC = uAC = (1; -1) DC : x - y - 6 = 0 .
x + y - 4 = 0
+ C l giao ca AC v DC nn ta C l nghim ca h:
C (5; -1)
x - y - 6 = 0
+ M l trung im ca BC nn B(1; -1) . AH vung gc vi BC AH : x - 2 = 0
x - 2 = 0
+ A l giao im ca HA v AC nn ta A l nghim ca h
A(2;2) .
x + y - 4 = 0
Trang 41
phng
Trn S Tng
Vy: A(2;2) , B(1; -1) , C(5; -1) .

Cu 52. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, bit B v C i xng
nhau qua gc ta . ng phn gic trong ca gc

ABC l d : x + 2 y - 5 = 0 . Tm ta
cc nh ca tam gic bit ng thng AC i qua im K(6;2)
Gi s B(5 - 2b; b), C (2b - 5; - b) d , O(0; 0) BC

Gi I i xng vi O qua phn gic trong gc
ABC nn I(2;4) v I AB
uur
uuur
Tam gic ABC vung ti A nn BI = (2b - 3; 4 - b) vung gc vi CK = (11 - 2b;2 + b)
b = 1
(2b - 3)(11 - 2b) + (4 - b)(2 + b) = 0 -5b2 + 30b - 25 = 0
b = 5
+ Vi b = 1 B(3;1), C (-3; -1) A(3;1) B (loi)
31 17
+ Vi b = 5 B(-5;5), C (5; -5) A ;
5 5
31 17
Vy A ; ; B(-5;5); C (5; -5)
5 5
4 7
5 5
hai ng phn gic trong BB: x - 2 y - 1 = 0 v CC: x + 3y - 1 = 0 . Chng minh tam gic
ABC vung.
Gi A1, A2 ln lt l im i xng ca A qua BB, CC A1, A2 BC.
Tm c: A1(0; 1), A2(2; 1) Phng trnh BC: y = -1 B(1; 1), C(4; 1)
uuur uuur
AB ^ AC A vung.
Cu 53. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A ; v phng trnh
Cu 54. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho phng trnh hai cnh ca mt tam gic l
5x - 2 y + 6 = 0 v 4 x + 7 y - 21 = 0 . Vit phng trnh cnh th ba ca tam gic , bit rng

trc tm ca n trng vi gc to .
Gi s: ( AB) : 5x - 2 y + 6 = 0 , ( AC ) : 4 x + 7 y - 21 = 0 A(0;3) .
ng cao BO i qua B v vung gc vi AC ( BO ) : 7 x - 4 y = 0 B(-4; -7) .
Cnh BC i qua B v vung gc vi OA ( BC ) : y + 7 = 0 .
Cu 55. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(1; 3) v hai ng trung
tuyn ca n c phng trnh l: x 2 y + 1 = 0 v y 1 = 0 . Hy vit phng trnh cc cnh

ca DABC.
(AC): x + 2y 7 = 0; (AB): x y + 2 = 0; (BC): x 4y 1 = 0.
Cu 56. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B(-12;1) , ng phn
1 2
gic trong gc A c phng trnh d : x + 2 y - 5 = 0 . G ; l trng tm tam gic ABC.
3 3
Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.
Gi M l im i xng ca B qua d M (-6;13) ( AC ) .
uuur uuur
Gi s A(5 - 2a; a) d C (8 + 2a;1 - a) . Do MA, MC cng phng a = -2 C(4;3)
Vy: (BC ) : x - 8y + 20 = 0 .
Trang 42
Trn S Tng
Cu 57. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B(2; -1) , ng cao xut
pht t A v ng phn gic trong gc C ln lt l d1 : 3 x - 4 y + 27 = 0 , d2 : x + 2 y - 5 = 0 .

Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC.
ng thng BC qua B v vung gc vi d1 (BC ) : 4 x + 3y + 5 = 0 .
4 x + 3y + 5 = 0
To nh C l nghim ca h:
C(-1;3) .
x + 2y - 5 = 0
Gi B l im i xng ca B qua d2 B(4;3) v B ( AC ) .
ng thng AC i qua C v B ( AC ) : y - 3 = 0 .
y - 3 = 0
To nh A l nghim ca h:
A(-5;3) .
3x - 4 y + 27 = 0
ng thng AB qua A v B ( AB) : 4 x + 7 y - 1 = 0 .
Vy: ( AB) : 4 x + 7y - 1 = 0 , (BC ) : 4 x + 3y + 5 = 0 , ( AC ) : y - 3 = 0 .
Cu 58. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn, cnh y BC c phng trnh
d1: x + y + 1 = 0 . Phng trnh ng cao v t B l d2: x - 2 y - 2 = 0 . im M(2; 1) thuc

ng cao v t C. Vit phng trnh cc cnh bn ca tam gic ABC.
uuur
B(0; 1). BM = (2;2) MB ^ BC. K MN // BC ct d2 ti N th BCNM l hnh ch nht.
8 1
PT ng thng MN: x + y - 3 = 0 . N = MN d2 N ; .
3 3
2 5
7
NC ^ BC PT ng thng NC: x - y - = 0 .
C = NC d1 C ; - .
3
3 3
AB ^ CM PT ng thng AB: x + 2 y + 2 = 0 .
AC ^ BN PT ng thng AC: 6 x + 3y + 1 = 0
Cu 59. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic c phng trnh hai cnh l
AB : 5 x 2 y + 6 = 0 v AC : 4 x + 7 y 21 = 0 . Vit phng trnh cnh BC, bit rng trc tm

ca n trng vi gc ta O.
AB: 5x 2y + 6 = 0; AC: 4x + 7y 21 = 0 A(0;3)
Phng trnh ng cao BO: 7x 4y = 0 B(4; 7)
A nm trn Oy, vy ng cao AO nm trn trc Oy BC: y + 7 = 0.
Cu 60. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh cnh AB:
x - y - 2 = 0 , phng trnh cnh AC: x + 2 y - 5 = 0 . Bit trng tm ca tam gic G(3; 2).
Vit phng trnh cnh BC.
A = AB AC A(3; 1). Gi B(b; b - 2) AB, C (5 - 2c; c) AC .
3 + b + 5 - 2c = 9
Do G l trng tm ca DABC nn
1 + b - 2 + c = 6
Phng trnh cnh BC: x - 4 y + 7 = 0 .
b = 5
c = 2 B(5; 3), C(1; 2)
Cu 61. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(2; 7) v ng thng AB ct
uuur
uuur
trc Oy ti E sao cho AE = 2EB . Bit rng tam gic AEC cn ti A v c trng tm l
13
G 2; . Vit phng trnh cnh BC.
3
Trang 43
phng
Trn S Tng
uuur 2 uuur
Gi M l trung im ca BC. Ta c AG = AM M(2; 3). ng thng EC qua M v c
3
uuur
uuur
uuur
8
VTPT AG = 0; - nn c PT: y = 3 E(0; 3) C(4; 3). M AE = 2 EB nn B(1; 1).
3
Phng trnh BC: 2 x - 5y + 7 = 0 .
Cu 62. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho D ABC c nh A(1;2), phng trnh ng trung
tuyn BM: 2 x + y + 1 = 0 v phn gic trong CD: x + y - 1 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng

thng BC.
t +1 3- t
im C CD : x + y - 1 = 0 C (t;1 - t ) . Suy ra trung im M ca AC l M
;
.
2
2
T A(1;2), k AK ^ CD : x + y - 1 = 0 ti I (im K BC ).
Suy ra AK : ( x - 1) - ( y - 2) = 0 x - y + 1 = 0 .
x + y -1 = 0
Ta im I tha h:
I ( 0;1)
x - y + 1 = 0
Tam gic ACK cn ti C nn I l trung im ca AK ta ca K(-1;0) .
x +1 y
ng thng BC i qua C, K nn c phng trnh:
= 4 x + 3y + 4 = 0
-7 + 1 8
Cu 63. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh ng phn gic
trong gc A l (d1): x + y + 2 = 0 , phng trnh ng cao v t B l (d2): 2 x y + 1 = 0 ,

cnh AB i qua M(1; 1). Tm phng trnh cnh AC.
uuuur
Gi N l im i xng ca M qua (d1) N AC . MN = ( x N - 1, yN + 1)
uuuur r
Ta c: MN / / nd1 = (1; 1) 1( x N - 1) - 1( yN + 1) = 0 x N - yN = 2 (1)
1
1
Ta trung im I ca MN: x I = (1 - x N ), yI = (-1 + yN )
2
2
1
1
I (d1) (1 - x N ) + (-1 + y N ) + 2 = 0 x N + y N + 4 = 0 (2)
2
2
Gii h (1) v (2) ta c N(1; 3)
Phng trnh cnh AC vung gc vi (d2) c dng: x + 2y + C = 0.
N ( AC ) 1 + 2.(-3) + C = 0 C = 7. Vy, phng trnh cnh AC: x + 2y + 7 = 0.
Cu 64. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A, phng trnh cc
cnh AB, BC ln lt l x + 2 y - 1 = 0 v 3 x - y + 5 = 0 . Vit phng trnh cnh AC bit AC

i qua im M(1;3).
r
r
ng thng AC c VTPT: n1 = (1;2) . ng thng BC c VTPT n2 = (3; -1) .
ng thng AC qua M(1; 3) nn PT c dng: a( x - 1) + b( y + 3) = 0 (a2 + b2 0)
DABC cn ti nh A nn ta c: cos( AB, BC ) = cos( AC , BC )
3-2
3a - b
22a2 - 15ab + 2b2 = 0 a =
1
2
b a= b
2
11
12 + 22 32 + 12
a2 + b2 32 + 12
1
Vi a = b , chn a = 1, b = 2 ta c AC: x + 2 y + 5 = 0 (loi v khi AC//AB)
2
2
Vi a = b , chn a = 2, b = 11 ta c AC: 2 x + 11y + 31 = 0 .
11
Cu hi tng t:
Trang 44
Trn S Tng
a) AB :12 x - y - 23 = 0 , BC : 2 x - 5y + 1 = 0 , M(3;1)
b) AB : 2 x - y + 6 = 0 , BC : x - 3y - 2 = 0 , M(3;2) .
S: AC : 8x + 9 y - 33 = 0 .
S: AC : x + 2 y - 7 = 0 .
Cu 65. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c im A(2; 3), ng phn gic
trong gc A c phng trnh x - y + 1 = 0 , tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l I(6; 6)
v din tch tam gic ABC gp 3 ln din tch tam gic IBC. Vit phng trnh ng thng
cha cnh BC.
Gi (C) l ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. (C) c tm I(6;6) v bn knh R = IA = 5
(C): ( x - 6)2 + ( y - 6)2 = 25
Gi D l giao im ca (C) vi ng thng x - y + 1 = 0 D(9;10)
uur
Ta c: ID ^ BC ID = (3; 4) l VTPT ca BC Phng trnh BC c dng :
3x + 4 y + m = 0
Theo bi ta c SD ABC = 3SDIBC d ( A, BC ) = 3d (I , BC ) 18 + m = 3 42 + m
m = -54
m = -36
Vy c hai ng thng tha YCBT : 3 x + 4 y - 54 = 0 v 3 x + 4 y - 36 = 0
Cu 66. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trc tm H(-1; 4) , tm ng
trn ngoi tip I(-3; 0) v trung im ca cnh BC l M(0; -3) . Vit phng trnh ng
thng AB, bit im B c honh dng.
uuur
uuur
Gi s N l trung im ca AC. V DABH ~ DMNI v HA // MI nn HA = 2 MI A(-7;10)
2
2
Ta c: IA = IB, IM ^ MB To im B tho h: ( x + 3) + y = 116 B(7; 4) .

-3 x + 3( y + 3) = 0
Vy: Phng trnh AB : 3 x + 7y - 49 = 0 .
Cu 67. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(3; 3), B(2; 1), C(11; 2). Vit
phng trnh ng thng i qua A v chia DABC thnh hai phn c t s din tch bng 2.
3x + 2 y 15 = 0; 2 x + 5y 12 = 0 .
Cu 68. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho 2 ng thng
d1 :2 x + 5y + 3 = 0 ;
d2 :5 x - 2 y - 7 = 0 ct nhau ti A v im P(-7;8) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d3 i qua

29
.
2
Ta c A(1; -1) v d1 ^ d2 . PT cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi d1 , d2 l:
P to vi d1 , d2 thnh tam gic cn ti A v c din tch bng
D1: 7 x + 3y - 4 = 0 v D2: 3x - 7y - 10 = 0
d3 to vi d1 , d2 mt tam gic vung cn d3 vung gc vi D1 hoc D2..
Phng trnh ca d3 c dng: 7 x + 3y + C = 0 hay 3x - 7 y + C = 0

Mt khc, d3 qua P(-7;8) nn C = 25 ; C = 77.
Suy ra : d3 : 7 x + 3y + 25 = 0 hay d3 :3 x - 7 y + 77 = 0
Theo gi thit tam gic vung cn c din tch bng
Trang 45
29
cnh huyn bng
2
58
phng
Suy ra di ng cao A H =
Trn S Tng
58
= d ( A, d3 )
2
58
( thch hp)
2
87
Vi d3 : 3x - 7 y + 77 = 0 th d ( A; d3 ) =
( loi )
58
Vi d3 : 7 x + 3y + 25 = 0 th d ( A; d3 ) =
Cu 69. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho 4 im A(1;0), B(2;4), C(1;4), D(3;5). Tm to
im M thuc ng thng (D) : 3x - y - 5 = 0 sao cho hai tam gic MAB, MCD c din
tch bng nhau.
x = t
Phng trnh tham s ca D:
. M D M(t; 3t 5)
y = 3t - 5
7
7
SMAB = SMCD d ( M , AB). AB = d ( M , CD ).CD t = -9 t = M (-9; -32), M ;2
3
3
Cu 70. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c phng trnh 2 cnh AB, AC
ln lt l x + 2 y - 2 = 0 v 2 x + y + 1 = 0 , im M(1;2) thuc on BC. Tm ta im D

uuur uuur
sao cho DB.DC c gi tr nh nht.
Phng trnh BC c dng: a( x - 1) + b( y - 2) = 0, a2 + b2 > 0 .

a + 2b
2a + b
a = -b
a = b
a2 + b2 . 5
a2 + b2 . 5
-2 1
Vi a = - b : chn b = -1, a = 1 BC: x - y + 1 = 0 B(0;1), C ; M khng thuc
3 3
on BC.
Vi a = b : chn a = b = 1 BC : x + y - 3 = 0 B(4; -1), C (-4; 7) M thuc on BC.
uuur uuur uur uur uur uur
BC 2
BC 2
Gi trung im ca BC l I(0;3) .Ta c: DB.DC = (DI + IB).( DI + IC ) = DI 2 4
4
uuur uuur
Du "=" xy ra D I . Vy DB.DC nh nht khi D(0; 3).
DABC cn ti A nn cos B = cos C
Cu 71. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho im A(2;3), B(3;2), tam gic ABC c din tch
3
; trng tm G ca DABC nm trn ng thng (d): 3x y 8 = 0 . Tm bn knh
2
ng trn ni tip D ABC.
bng
Gi C(a; b), (AB): x y 5 =0 d(C; AB) =

a - b = 8 (1)
a-b-5 =3
;
a - b = 2 (2)
S
(1), (3) C(2; 10) r = =
p
2+
S
3
(2), (3) C(1; 1) r = =
p
2 +2
a-b-5
2
2SDABC
AB
a+5 b-5
Trng tm G
;
(d) 3a b =4 (3)
3
3
3
65 + 89
5
Cu 72. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng 96 . Gi M(2;0) l
Trang 46
Trn S Tng
trung im ca AB, phn gic trong ca gc A c phng trnh: d : x - y - 10 = 0 . ng

3
thng AB to vi d mt gc a tha mn cos a = . Xc nh cc nh ca tam gic ABC .
5
Gi M ' i xng vi M(2;0) qua d : x - y - 10 = 0 M '(10; -8) .
PT ng thng AB qua M(2;0) c dng: a( x - 2) + by = 0 .
AB to vi d : x - y - 10 = 0 mt gc a
a-b
a2 + b2 2
= cos a =
3
a = 7b
5
b = 7a
Vi a = 7b AB: 7 x + y - 14 = 0 . AB ct d ti A A(3; -7) B(1; 7) AB = 10 2

uuur
uuuur
1
1
SD AM ' B = AB.d ( M ', AB) = 48 = SD ABC AC = 2 AM ' C (17; -9)
2
2
Vi b = 7a AB: x + 7 y - 2 = 0 . AB ct d ti A A(9; -1) B(-5;1) AB = 10 2
uuur
uuuur
1
1
SD AM ' B = AB.d ( M ', AB) = 48 = SD ABC AC = 2 AM ' C (11; -15)
2
2
Vy, A(3; -7), B(1;7), C (17; -9) hoc A(9; -1), B(-5;1), C (11; -15) .
Cu 73. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A. nh B(1; 1). ng thng
AC c phng trnh: 4 x + 3y - 32 = 0 . Trn tia BC ly im M sao cho BC .BM = 75 . Tm

5 5
.
2
ng thng (AB) qua B v vung gc vi (AC) ( AB) : 3x - 4 y + 1 = 0 A(5;4) .
Gi
E rl giao
im
uur uuu
uuur uuu
r ca ng trn ngoi tip ca tam gic AMC vi BA th ta c:
BA.BE = BM .BC = 75 ( v M nm trn tia BC ) tm c E(13;10) .
nh C bit bn knh ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AMC bng
V DAEC vung ti A nn CE l ng knh ca ng trn ngoi tip DAMC EC = 5 5 .

Do C l giao ca ng trn tm E bn knh r = 5 5 vi ng thng AC.
4 x + 3y - 32 = 0
x = 2; y = 8
To ca C l nghim ca h

.
2
2
x = 8; y = 0
( x - 13) + ( y - 10) = 125
Vy: C(2;8) hoc C(8;0) .
Cu 74. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, phng trnh ng thng
BC: 3x - y - 3 = 0 , cc nh A v B nm trn trc honh v bn knh ng trn ni tip

tam gic ABC bng 2. Tm to trng tm G ca tam gic ABC.
To im B l nghim ca h: 3 x - y - 3 = 0 B(1; 0) .
y = 0
ng thng BC c h s gc k = 3 nn
ABC = 60 0 ng phn gic trong BE ca tam
3
3
3
nn c phng trnh: y =
x.
3
3
3
Tm I (a; b) ca ng trn ni tip DABC thuc BE v d ( I , Ox ) = 2 nn: b = 2 .
gic ABC c h s gc k =
+ Vi b = 2 a = 1 + 2 3 I(1 + 2 3;2) .
+ Vi b = -2 a = 1 - 2 3 I(1 - 2 3; -2) .
ng phn gic trong AF c dng: y = - x + m . V AF i qua I nn:
+ Nu I(1 + 2 3;2) th m = 3 + 2 3 ( AF ) : y = - x + 3 + 2 3 A(3 + 2 3; 0) .
Trang 47
phng
Trn S Tng
Do AC ^ Ox nn AC c phng trnh: x = 3 + 2 3 . T suy ra C(3 + 2 3;6 + 2 3) .

4+4 3 6+2 3
Suy ra to trng tm G
;
.
3
3
+ Nu I(1 - 2 3; -2) th m = -1 - 2 3 ( AF ) : y = - x - 1 - 2 3 A(-1 - 2 3; 0) .
Do AC ^ Ox nn AC c phng trnh: x = -1 - 2 3 . T suy ra C ( -1 - 2 3; -6 - 2 3 ) .

-1 - 4 3 6 + 2 3
Suy ra to trng tm G
;
.
3
3
4+4 3 6+2 3
-1 - 4 3 6 + 2 3
Vy c hai im tho YCBT: G
;
;
hoc G
.
3
3
3
3
Cu 75. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A. nh A c to l cc s
dng, hai im B, C nm trn trc Ox, phng trnh cnh AB : y = 3 7( x - 1) . Bit chu vi
ca DABC bng 18, tm to cc nh A, B, C.
Ta c: B = ( AB) Ox B(1; 0) . Gi s A ( a;3 7(a - 1) ) ( a > 1 v x A > 0, y A > 0 ).

Gi AH l ng cao ca DABC H (a;0) C (2a - 1;0) .
BC = 2(a - 1), AB = AC = 8(a - 1) . PD ABC = 18 a = 2 C (3;0), A ( 2;3 7 ) .

Vy: A ( 2;3 7 ) , B(1; 0) , C(3;0) .
Trang 48
Trn S Tng

TP 05: T GIC
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang vung ABCD vung ti A v D c y ln l

CD, ng thng AD c phng trnh d1 : 3x - y = 0 , ng thng BD c phng trnh
Cu 1.
d2 : x - 2 y = 0 , gc to bi hai ng thng BC v AB bng 450. Vit phng trnh ng

thng BC bit din tch hnh thang bng 24 v im B c honh dng.
r
D = d1 d2 D(0; 0) O . VTPT ca ng thng AD v BD ln lt l n1 = (3; -1) ,
1
r
n2 = (1; -2) . Ta c: cos
ADB =
ADB = 450 AD = AB.

2
V (
BC , AB) = 450 nn
BCD = 450 DBCD vung cn ti B DC = 2AB.
1
3.AB2
S ABCD = 24 ( AB + CD ) AD =
= 24 AB = 4 BD = 4 2 .
2
2
2
uuur
8 10 4 10
xB
8 10
2 xB
Gi B xB ; d2 , x B > 0 . BD = x B + = 4 2 x B =
B
;
2
5
5
ng thng BC i qua B v vung gc vi d2 Phng trnh BC l: 2 x + y - 4 10 = 0 .

Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh thang cn ABCD (AB// CD, AB < CD). Bit
A(0; 2), D(2; 2) v giao im I ca AC v BD nm trn ng thng c phng trnh
d : x + y - 4 = 0 . Tm ta ca cc nh cn li ca hnh thang khi gc
AOD = 450 .
Cu 2.
I d I ( x; 4 - x ) . AD = 2 5; IA = 2 x 2 - 4 x + 4 ; ID = 2 x 2 - 8x + 40
IA2 + ID 2 - AD 2
x = 2
= cos
AID
2IA.ID
x = 4
uur
ID uur
+ Vi x = 2 IA = 2, ID = 4 2 ID = - .IB
IB
Trong D AID c:
B ( 2 + 2;2 + 2 ) , C ( 2 + 4 2;2 + 4 2 )
+ Vi x = 4 B ( 4 + 3 2;2 + 2 ) , C ( 4 + 4 2; -2 2 ) .
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 2 v 2 im
A(0; 4), B(4; 0). Tm ta 2 im C v D sao cho ng trn (C) ni tip trong hnh thang
ABCD c y l AB v CD.
Cu 3.
(C ) : ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 2 c tm I(1; -1) v R = 2 .

PT cnh AB: x - y - 4 = 0 . PT cnh CD c dng: x - y + c = 0; c -4
CD tip xc vi (C) d ( I , CD ) = R
1+1+ c
= 2 c = 0 PT cnh CD: x - y = 0
2
Nhn thy cc ng thng x = 0, x = 4 khng phi l tip tuyn ca (C).
Gi s phng trnh cnh AD c dng: kx - y - 4 = 0 (k 1) .
Ta c: d ( I , AD ) = R k - 3 = 2(k 2 + 1) k 2 + 6k - 7 = 0 k = -7
-1 -1
1 1
PT cnh AD: 7 x + y + 4 = 0 D ; . PT cnh BC: x + 7 y - 4 = 0 C ; .
2 2
2 2
Cu 4.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c din tch bng 4. Bit
Trang 49
phng
Trn S Tng
A(1; 0), B(0; 2) v giao im I ca hai ng cho nm trn ng thng y = x . Tm ta

cc nh C v D.
uuur
Ta c: AB = (-1;2) AB = 5 . Phng trnh AB: 2 x + y - 2 = 0 .
I (d ) : y = x I (t; t ) . I l trung im ca AC v BD nn: C (2t - 1;2t ), D(2t;2t - 2)
4
Mt khc: S ABCD = AB.CH = 4 (CH: chiu cao) CH =
.
5
4
5 8 8 2
6t - 4
4
t = C ; ,D ;
Ngoi ra: d (C; AB) = CH

=
3 3 3 3
3
5
5
t
=
0
C
(
-1; 0), D(0; -2)
5 8 8 2
Vy C ; , D ; hoc C (-1;0), D(0; -2) .
3 3 3 3
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi S ABCD = 4 , A(2; 0), B(3; 0), I = AC BD , I d : y = x .
S: C (3; 4); D(2; 4) hoc C (-5; -4); D(-6; -4) .
b) Vi S ABCD = 4 , A(0; 0), B(1; 2), I = AC BD , I d : y = x - 1 .

-2 -8 1 -14
S: C(2; 0), D(3; 2) hoc C ; , D ;
3 3 3 3
Cu 5.
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c hai nh A(0; 1), B(3; 4) nm
trn parabol (P): y = x 2 - 2 x + 1 , tm I nm trn cung AB ca (P). Tm ta hai nh C, D

sao cho tam gic IAB c din tch ln nht.
I nm trn cung AB ca ( P) nn I (a; a2 - 2a + 1) vi 0 < a <3.

Do AB khng i nn din tch DIAB ln nht khi d ( I , AB) ln nht
Phng trnh AB: x - y + 1 = 0 .
d ( I , AB) =
a - a2 + 2a - 1 + 1
2
- a2 + 3a
2
- a2 + 3a
2
(do a (0;3))
3 1
3
I ;
2 4
2
7
D 0; - .
d ( I, AB) t GTLN f (a) = - a2 + 3a t GTLN a =
1
Do I l trung im ca AC v BD nn ta c C 3; - ;
1
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c tm I ; 0 . ng
2
thng cha cnh AB c phng trnh x 2 y + 2 = 0 , AB = 2AD. Tm to cc nh A, B,
C, D, bit nh A c honh m.
A(2;0), B(2;2), C (3;0), D(1; 2) .
Cu 6.
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD. Bit AB = 2 BC , ng

4
thng AB i qua im M - ;1 , ng thng BC i qua im N(0;3) , ng thng AD i
3
1
qua im P 4; - , ng thng CD i qua im Q(6;2) . Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca
3
hnh vung ABCD.
Cu 7.
Trang 50
Trn S Tng
4
D thy ng thng AB khng song song vi trc Oy PT AB c dng: y = k x + + 1 .
3
k
Phng trnh DC: y = k ( x - 6) + 2 , BC: x + ky - 3k = 0 , AD: x + ky - 4 + = 0 .
3
k
4
4 - - 3k
- k - 1 - 6k + 2
3
V AB = 2 BC nn d ( P, BC ) = 2d ( M , DC )
= 3
1 + k2
1 + k2
1
k=
10k - 12 = 6 - 44k
3 .

10
k
12
=
44
k
6
k = - 3
17
1
1
13
1
1
1
35
+ Vi k = th AB : y = x + , DC : y = x , BC : x - y - 1 = 0 , AD : x + y = 0.
3
3
9
3
3
3
9
3
3
13
3
52
+ Vi k = th AB : y = - x + , DC : y = - x +
,
17
17
17
17
17
3
9
3
71
BC : x - y +
= 0 , AD : x - y = 0.
17
17
17
17
Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c cc cnh AB, BC, CD,
DA ln lt i qua cc im M (4;5), N (6;5), P(5;2), Q(2;1) v din tch bng 16. Vit
phng trnh cc cnh ca hnh ch nht ABCD.
Cu 8.
PT cnh AB c dng: a( x - 4) + b( y - 5) = 0 (a2 + b2 0) .

PT cnh BC: b( x - 6) - a( y - 5) = 0 .
Din tch hnh ch nht: S = d (P, AB).d (Q, BC ) =
a - 3b
2
a +b
-4b + 4a
2
a +b
= 16
a = -1, b = 1
(a - 3b)(a - b) = 4(a2 + b2 )
.
1
a = - , b = 1
3
Vy: AB : - x + y - 1 = 0 hoc AB : - x + 3y - 11 = 0 . T suy ra PT cc cnh cn li.

Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c phng trnh cnh AB:
x - 2 y - 1 = 0 , ng cho BD: x - 7 y + 14 = 0 v ng cho AC i qua im M(2; 1). Tm
to cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
B = BD AB B(7;3) . PT ng thng BC: 2 x + y 17 = 0 .
A AB A(2a + 1; a), C BC C (c;17 - 2c), a 3, c 7 .
Cu 9.
2a + c + 1 a - 2c + 17
I
;
l trung im ca AC, BD.
2
2
I BD 3c - a - 18 = 0 a = 3c - 18 A(6c - 35;3c - 18)

uuur uuur
c = 7 (loai)
M, A, C thng hng MA, MC cng phng c2 13c + 42 = 0
c = 6
Vi c = 6 A(1; 0), C(6; 5) , D(0; 2), B(7; 3).
Cu hi tng t:
a) ( AB) : x - y + 1 = 0 , ( BD ) : 2 x + y - 1 = 0 , M(-1;1) .
1 2
2 1
S: A - ; , B(0;1), C (1;0), D ; -
3 3
3 3
Trang 51
phng
Trn S Tng
Cu 10. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 12, tm I
9
, trung im ca mt cnh l giao
2
im ca (d) v trc Ox. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht, bit y A > 0 .
thuc ng thng (d ) : x - y - 3 = 0 v c honh x I =
9 3
I ; . Gi M = d Ox l trung im ca cnh AD, suy ra M(3;0). AB = 2 IM = 3 2 .
2 2
S
12
S ABCD = AB. AD = 12 AD = ABCD =
= 2 2.
AB
3 2
AD ^ (d )
M AD , suy ra phng trnh AD: x + y - 3 = 0 .
Li c MA = MD = 2 . Vy ta A, D l nghim ca h phng trnh:

x + y - 3 = 0
y = -x + 3
x = 2
x = 4
hoc
. Vy A(2;1), D(4;1),
2
2
2
2
y = 1
y = -1
( x - 3) + y = 2
( x - 3) + y = 2
x A + xC
x
=
x = 2 xI - x A = 9 - 2 = 7
9 3
I
2
I ; l trung im ca AC, suy ra:
C
2 2
yC = 2 yI - y A = 3 - 1 = 2
y = y A + yC
I
2
Tng t I cng l trung im BD nn ta c: B(5;4).
Vy ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht l A(2;1), B(5; 4), C (7;2), D(4; 1) .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Gi thit nh trn vi tm I = d1 d2 , d1 : x - y - 3 = 0 v d2 : x + y - 6 = 0 , M = d1 Ox
S: . A(2;1), B(5; 4), C (7;2), D(4; 1) .
Cu 11. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im I (6; 2) l giao im
ca 2 ng cho AC v BD. im M (1; 5) thuc ng thng AB v trung im E ca cnh

CD thuc ng thng D: x + y 5 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng AB.
I (6; 2); M (1; 5). D : x + y 5 = 0, E D E(m; 5 m); Gi N l trung im ca AB.

x N = 2 x I - x E = 12 - m
I trung im NE
N (12 m; m 1)
y
=
2
y
y
=
4
5
+
m
=
m
1
N
I
E
uuuur
uur
MNr uu
=r (11 m; m 6);
IE = (m 6; 5 m 2) = (m 6; 3 m)
uuuu
MN .IE = 0 (11 m)(m 6) + (m 6)(3 m) = 0
m 6 = 0uuuu
hay
r 14 2m = 0 m = 6 hay m = 7
+ m = 6 uuuu
MNr = (5; 0) PT (AB) l y = 5
+ m = 7 MN = (4; 1) PT (AB) l x 4y + 19 = 0.
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi I(2;2) , M(3;1) , E D : x + 2 y - 4 = 0 .
S: x - y + 4 = 0 hoc 3x - 5y + 14 = 0
Cu 12. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c cc ng thng AB, AD
ln lt i qua cc im M (2;3), N (-1;2) . Hy lp phng trnh cc ng thng BC v CD,

5 3
bit rng hnh ch nht ABCD c tm l I ; v di ng cho AC bng 26 .
2 2
r
Gi s ng thng AB c VTPT l nAB = (a; b) (a2 + b2 0) , do AD vung gc vi AB nn
r
ng thng AD c vtpt l nAD = (b; - a) . Do phng trnh AB, AD ln lt l:
Trang 52
Trn S Tng
AB : a( x - 2) + b( y - 3) = 0; AD : b( x + 1) - a( y - 2) = 0 .
Ta c AD = 2d ( I ; AB) =
a - 3b
a2 + b2
; AB = 2d ( I ; AD ) =
7b + a
a2 + b2
a = -b
3a2 - ab - 4b2 = 0
4b
a =
a2 + b2
3
Gi M', N' ln lt l im i xng ca M, N qua I suy ra M (3;0) (CD ), N (6;1) ( BC )

r
r
+ Nu a = - b , chn a = 1, b = -1 suy ra nAB = (1; -1), nAD = (1;1)
r
PT ng thng CD c VTPT l nAB = (1; -1) v i qua im M (3;0) : (CD) : x - y - 3 = 0
r
PT ng thng BC c VTPT l nAD = (1;1) v i qua im N (6;1) : (BC ) : x + y - 7 = 0
Do : AC 2 = AB 2 + AD 2 26 =
(a - 3b)2 + (7b + a)2
4b
r
r
, chn a = 4, b = 3 suy ra nAB = (4;3), nAD = (3; -4)
3
r
PT ng thng CD c VTPT l nAB = (4;3) v i qua im M (3;0) : (CD ) : 4 x + 3y - 12 = 0
r
PT ng thng BC c VTPT l nAD = (3; -4) v i qua im N (6;1) : ( BC ) : 3 x - 4 y - 14 = 0
+ Nu a =
Vy: (BC ) : x + y - 7 = 0 , (CD) : x - y - 3 = 0

hoc ( BC ) : 3x - 4 y - 14 = 0 , (CD ) : 4 x + 3y - 12 = 0 .
Cu 13. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c cnh bng 5 n v, bit to
nh A(1; 5), hai nh B, D nm trn ng thng (d): x - 2 y + 4 = 0 . Tm to cc nh

B, C, D.
B, D d
C i xng vi A qua ng thng d C(3; 1).
AB = AD = 5 B(2; 1), D(6; 5).
Cu 14. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng thng D: x + y 1 = 0 , cc im A( 0; 1), B(2;
1). T gic ABCD l hnh thoi c tm nm trn ng thng D. Tm ta cc im C, D.

Gi I(a;uur
b) l tm ca hnhuurthoi. V I D nn a + b 1 = 0 hay b = 1 a (1).
Ta c: AI = (a; b + 1) v BI = (a 2; b 1) . Do AI ^ BI a(a - 2) + (b + 1)(b - 1) = 0
(2)
T (1) v (2) a2 - 2a = 0 a = 0 a = 2 .
Vi a = 0 th I(0; 1) C(0;2) v D(2;1). Vi a = 2 th I(2; 1) C(4; 1) v D(2; 3).
Vy c hai cp im tha mn: C(0;2) v D(2;1) hoc C(4;1) v D(2;3).
Cu 15. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD vi A(1;0), ng cho BD
c phng trnh d : x y + 1 = 0 . Tm to cc nh B, C, D , bit BD = 4 2 .
AC ^ BD Phng trnh AC: x + y - 1 = 0 . Gi I = AC BD I(0;1) C ( -1;2 )

2
BD = 4 2 IB = 2 2 . PT ng trn tm I bn knh IB = 2 2 : x 2 + ( y - 1) = 8
2
2
2
B(2;3), D(-2; -1)
To B, D l nghim ca h : x + ( y - 1) = 8 x = 4
y = x + 1 B(-2; -1), D(2;3)
x - y + 1 = 0
Cu 16. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD bit phng trnh ca mt ng cho
l d : 3 x + y - 7 = 0 , im B(0;3). Tm ta cc nh cn li ca hnh thoi bit din tch

hnh thoi bng 20.
Trang 53
phng
Trn S Tng
Ta c B(0; -3) d A, C d. Ph.trnh BD: x - 3y - 9 = 0 . Gi I = AC BD I(3; -2)

D(6; -1) . BD = 2 10 . Gi A(a;7 - 3a) d .
S ABCD = d ( A, BD ).BD
a - 3(7 - 3a) - 9
12 + 32
A (2;1); C1(4; -5)

a = 2
.2 10 = 20
1
a = 4
A2 (4; -5); C2 (2;1)
Cu 17. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c tm I(3;3) v AC = 2 BD .
4
13
im M 2; thuc ng thng AB , im N 3; thuc ng thng CD . Vit
3
3
phng trnh ng cho BD bit nh B c honh nh hn 3.
5
Ta im N i xng vi im N qua I l N 3; N nm trn ng thng AB.
3
ng thng AB i qua M, N c PT: x - 3y + 2 = 0 IH = d (I , AB) =
Do AC = 2 BD nn IA = 2IB . t IB = a > 0 .
1
IA
1
IB
1
IH 2
3-9+2
10
10
1
1
5
+ 2 = a= 2
2
8
a
4a
t B( x; y ) . Do IB = 2 v B AB nn ta B l nghim ca h:
14
2
2
x = 5
5y 2 - 18y + 16 = 0
( x - 3) + ( y - 3) = 2
x = 4 > 3
y = 2
x = 3y - 2
x - 3y + 2 = 0
y = 8
5
14 8
Do xB < 3 nn ta chn B ; . Vy, phng trnh ng cho BD l: 7 x - y - 18 = 0 .
5 5
Cu hi tng t:
1
a) I(2;1) , AC = 2 BD , M 0; , N(0;7) , x B > 0 .
S: B(1; -1)
3
Cu 18. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c ng cho BD nm trn
ng thng D : x - y - 2 = 0 . im M(4; -4) nm trn ng thng cha cnh BC, im
N(-5;1) nm trn ng thng cha cnh AB. Bit BD = 8 2 . Tm ta cc nh ca hnh

thoi ABCD, bit im D c honh m.
Ly M l im i xng vi M qua BD M (-2;2) .
ng thng AB qua N(-5;1) v M (-2;2) Phng trnh AB : x - 3y + 8 = 0 .
x - y - 2 = 0
Ta im B l nghim ca h:
B(7;5) .
x - 3y + 8 = 0
Gi s D(d ; d - 2) D , do BD = 8 2 (d - 7)2 + (d - 7)2 = 128 d = -1 D(-1; -3) .
Gi I l tm ca hnh thoi I(3;1) , khi ng thng AC qua I v vung gc vi BD
Phng trnh AC : x + y - 4 = 0 .
x + y - 4 = 0
Ta im A l nghim ca h:
A(1;3) C(5; -1) .
x - 3y + 8 = 0
Cu 19. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c phng trnh hai cnh AB v
AD ln lt l x + 2 y - 2 = 0 v 2 x + y + 1 = 0 . im M(1;2) thuc ng thng BD. Tm ta

cc nh ca hnh thoi.
Trang 54
Trn S Tng
4 5
x + 2y - 2 = 0
Ta nh A l nghim ca h:
A - ;
2 x + y + 1 = 0
3 3
( d ) : x - y + 3 = 0
x + 2y - 2
2x + y + 1
PT cc ng phn gic gc A l:
=
1
.
5
5
( d 2 ) : 3 x + 3 y - 1 = 0
Trng hp (d1 ) : x - y + 3 = 0 .
ng thng (BD) i qua M v vung gc vi (d1) nn (BD ) : x + y - 3 = 0 .
Suy ra B = AB BD B(4; -1) , D = AD BD D(-4; 7) .
4 13
Gi I = BD (d1) I (0;3) . V C i xng vi A qua I nn C ; .
3 3
Trng hp (d2 ) : 3 x + 3y - 1 = 0 .
ng thng (BD) i qua M v vung gc vi (d2 ) nn ( BD ) : x - y + 1 = 0 .
2 1
Suy ra B = AB BD B(0;1) , D = AD BD D - ; .
3 3
1 2
2 1
Gi I = BD (d2 ) I - ; . V C i xng vi A qua I nn C ; - .
3 3
3 3
4 5
4 13
Vy: A - ; , B(4; -1) , C ; , D(-4;7)
3 3
3 3
4 5
2 1 2 1
hoc A - ; , B(0;1) , C ; - , D - ;
3 3
3 3 3 3
Cu 20. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD ngoi tip ng trn (C) c
phng trnh ( x - 2)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 8 v im A thuc ng thng (d): x - 2 y + 3 = 0 . Tm ta

cc nh A, B, C, D, bit rng BD = 2 AC v honh ca im A khng nh hn 2.
(C) c tm I(2; -1) , bn knh R = 2 2 , IB = 2IA .

1
1
1
5
1
Trong tam gic vung IAB ta c:
+ 2=
= IA = 10 IB = 2 10 .
2
2
2
8
IA
IB
IH
4 IA
Gi s A(2t - 3; t ) d v x A 2 . Ta c IA = 10 (2t - 5)2 + (t + 1)2 = 10 t = 2
Suy ra A(1;2) , do I l trung im AC nn C(3; -4) .

Gi D l ng thng qua I v vung gc vi AC D : x - 3y - 5 = 0 .
Ta c B, D D v IB = ID = 2 10 To ca B, D l cc nghim ca h:
x - 3y - 5 = 0
x = 8; y = 1

B(8;1), D(-4; -3) hoc B(-4; -3), D(8;1) .
2
2
x = -4; y = -3
( x - 2) + ( y + 1) = 40
Vy: A(1;2) , B(8;1), C (3; -4), D(-4; -3) hoc A(1;2) , B(-4; -3), C (3; -4), D(8;1) .
5 5
2 2
B ln lt nm trn cc ng thng d1 : x + y - 3 = 0 v ng thng d2 : x + y - 4 = 0 . Tm
ta cc nh ca hnh vung.
uur
uur
5 1
5 3
Gi s A(a;3 - a) d1; B(b; 4 - b) d2 IA = a - ; - a ; IB = b - ; - b
2 2
2 2
Cu 21. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c tm I ; , hai im A,
Trang 55
phng
Trn S Tng
IA = IB
a = 2 a = 1
ABCD vung tm I nn uur uur
b = 1 b = 3
IA.IB = 0
Vi a = 2; b = 1 A(2; 1); B(1; 3), C(3; 4); D(4; 2).
Vi a = 1; b = 3 A(1; 2); B(3; 1), C(4; 3); D(2; 4).
Cu 22. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD ngoi tip ng trn (C):
( x - 2)2 + ( y - 3)2 = 10 . Xc nh to cc nh A, C ca hnh vung, bit cnh AB i qua

im M(3; 2) v im A c honh xA > 0.
(C) c tm I(2; 3) v bn knh R = 10 .

PT AB i qua M(3; 2) c dng ax + by + 3a + 2b = 0 (a2 + b2 0) .
| 2a + 3b + 3a + 2b |
a = -3b
Ta c d ( I , AB) = R 10 =
10(a2 + b2 ) = 25(a + b)2
.
b = -3a
2
2
a +b
Vi a = -3b AB: 3x - y + 7 = 0 . Gi A(t;3t + 7),(t > 0) .
Ta c IA = R 2 t = 0; t = -2 (khng tho mn).
Vi b = -3a AB: x - 3y - 3 = 0 . Gi A(3t + 3; t ), (t > -1) .
t = 1
Ta c IA = R 2
A(6; 1) C(2; 5).
t = -1 (loai)
3 1
2 2
ln lt i qua cc im M(-4; -1) , N(-2; -4) . Tm to cc nh ca hnh vung bit B
c honh m.
Gi M, N l cc im i xng vi M, N qua I M (7;2) , N (5;5) . Ta c: N AB.
Cu 23. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c tm I ; . Cc ng thng AB, CD
1
Phng trnh AB: 2 x - 3y + 5 = 0 . Gi H l hnh chiu ca I ln AB H ;2
2
2a - 3b = -5
B AB
a = -1
2
Gi B(a; b), a < 0 . Ta c

B(-1;1) .
1
2 13
HA
=
HI
b
=
1
a
+
(
b
2)
=
2
4
Khi A(2;3), C (1; -2), D(4; 0) .

Cu 24. Trong mt phng ta Oxy , cho hnh vung ABCD trong A thuc ng thng
d1 : x + y - 1 = 0 v C , D nm trn ng thng d2 : 2 x - y + 3 = 0 . Tm ta cc nh ca
hnh vung bit hnh vung c din tch bng 5.
-7
Gi s A(a;1 - a) d1 . Ta c S ABCD = 5 d ( A, d2 ) = 5 a = 1 hoc a =
.
3
+ Vi a = 1 A(1; 0) Phng trnh cnh AD : x + 2 y - 1 = 0 D(-1;1) .
C d2
Gi s C ( x; y) . Ta c:
C(0;3) hoc C(-2; -1)
DC = 5
1 3
Vi C(0;3) Trung im I ca AC l I ; B ( 2;2 )
2 2
1 1
Vi C(-2; -1) Trung im I ca AC l I - ; - B ( 0; -2 )
2 2
Trang 56
Trn S Tng
-7 10
-1 7 -4 1
-7
A ; . Tng t nh trn ta tm c: D ; ,C ; ,
3
3 3
3 3 3 3
-10 4
-1 7
2 13
-4 16
B
;
hoc D ; , C ; , B ; .
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
Vy c 4 hnh vung ABCD tha mn yu cu bi ton: A(1; 00, B(2;2), C (0;3), D(-1;1)
+ Vi a =
-7 10 -10 4 -4 1 -1 7
hoc A(1; 0), B(0; -2), C (-2; -1), D(-1;1) hoc A ; , B
; ,C ; , D ;
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
-7 10 -4 16 2 13 -1 7
hoc A ; , B ; , C ; , D ;
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Cu 25. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy , cho im E(1; -1) l tm ca mt hnh vung, mt
trong cc cnh ca n c phng trnh d : x - 2 y + 12 = 0 . Vit phng trnh cc cnh cn li

ca hnh vung.
Gi s cnh AB nm trn ng thng d : x - 2 y + 12 = 0 . Gi H l hnh chiu ca E ln
ng thng AB H(-2;5) AH = BH = EH = 45 .
x - 2 y + 12 = 0
A, B d
x = 4; y = 8
Ta c:

A(4;8), B(-8;2)
2
2
x = -8; y = 2
AH = BH = 45
( x + 2) + ( y - 5) = 45
C(-2; -10) Phng trnh cc cnh cn li: AD : 2 x + y - 16 = 0 ; BC : 2 x + y + 14 = 0 ;
CD : x - 2 y - 18 = 0 .
Cu 26. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD bit cc im M(2; 1); N(4;
2); P(2; 0); Q(1; 2) ln lt thuc cnh AB, BC, CD, AD. Hy lp phng trnh cc cnh ca
hnh vung.
r
Gi s ng thng AB qua M v c VTPT l n = (a; b) (a2 + b2 0)
r
VTPT ca BC l: n1 = (-b; a) .
AB c dng: a(x 2) +b(y 1)= 0
ax + by 2a b =0
BC c dng: b(x 4) +a(y+ 2) =0 bx + ay +4b + 2a =0
-b
3b + 4a
b = -2 a
Do ABCD l hnh vung nn d(P; AB) = d(Q; BC)
=
b = -a
a2 + b2
a2 + b2
b = 2a: AB: x 2y = 0 ; CD: x 2y 2 =0; BC: 2x +y 6= 0; AD: 2x + y 4 =0
b = a: AB: x + y+ 1 =0; BC: x y + 2= 0; AD: x y +3 =0; CD: x + y+ 2 =0
Phng trnh
Cu 27. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 8 x + 6 y + 21 = 0 v
ng thng d : x + y - 1 = 0 . Xc nh ta cc nh hnh vung ABCD ngoi tip (C) bit

A d.
(C) c tm I(4, 3), bn knh R = 2. Ta thy I d . Vy AI l mt ng cho ca hnh
vung ngoi tip ng trn. Ta c: x = 2 v x = 6 l 2 tip tuyn ca (C) nn:
Hoc l A l giao im cc ng (d) v x = 2 A(2; 1)
Hoc l A l giao im cc ng (d) v x = 6 A(6, 5)
A(2, 1) B(2, 5); C(6, 5); D(6, 1) A(6, 5) B(6, 1); C(2, 1); D(2, 5)
Cu 28. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c A(-2;6) , nh B thuc
ng thng d : x - 2 y + 6 = 0 . Gi M, N ln lt l hai im trn 2 cnh BC, CD sao cho

Trang 57
phng
Trn S Tng
2 14
BM = CN. Xc nh ta nh C, bit rng AM ct BN ti im I ; .
5 5
Gi
s
B(2 y - 6; y ) d .
Ta
thy
D AMB = DBNC
uur uur
AI ^ BI IA.IB = 0 y = 4 B(2; 4)
Phng trnh BC : 2 x - y = 0 C (c;2c) , AB = 2 5, BC = (c - 2)2 + (2c - 4)2
AB = BC c - 2 = 2 C (0; 0); C (4;8)
V I nm trong hnh vung nn I , C cng pha vi ng thng AB C(0;0) .
Cu 29. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD trn on AC ly im M sao cho
AC = 4AM v N l trung im ca cnh CD. Chng minh rng BMN l tam gic vung cn.
Goi a l di cnh hnh vung ABCD . Chn h ta Oxy sao cho A(0; 0), B(a; 0) ,
uuuur 1 3 uuur 3 -1
1 1
1
C(a;a) v D(0; a) M a; a , N a; a MN = a; a , MB = a; a
4 4
2
4 4
4 4
uuuur uuur
5
T c MN .MB = 0 v MN = MB = a
DBMN vung cn ti M .
8
Cu 30. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh vung c nh A(-4;5) v mt ng cho c
phng trnh D : 7 x - y + 8 = 0 . Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca hnh vung.
V A D nn ng cho BD nm trn D.
PT ng thng d i qua A c dng: a( x + 4) + b( y - 5) = 0 ( a2 + b2 0 )
d hp vi BD mt gc 450
7a - b
2
a = 3, b = -4

.
2
a = 4, b = 3
50 a2 + b2
( AB) : 3 x - 4 y + 31 = 0 , ( AD ) : 4 x + 3y + 1 = 0 .
1 9
Gi I l tm hnh vung I - ; C(3;4)
2 2
(BC ) : 4 x + 3y - 24 = 0 , (CD ) : 3x - 4 y + 7 = 0
Cu 31. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c nh A(4;5) , ng cho BD c
phng trnh y - 3 = 0 . Tm to cc dnh cn li ca hnh vung .
ng cho AC vung gc vi BD nn PT c dng: x + c = 0 . AC i qua A nn c = -4 .

( AC ) : x - 4 = 0 I(4;3) .
ng trn (C) ngoi tip hnh vung ABCD c tm I(4;3) , bn knh R = AI = 2
Phng trnh (C): ( x - 4)2 + ( y - 3)2 = 4 .
y = 3
x = 6, y = 3
To cc im B, D l cc nghim ca h:

.
2
2
x = 2, y = 3
( x - 4) + ( y - 3) = 4
Vy: B(6;3), C (4;1), D(2;3) hoc B(2;3), C (4;1), D(6;3)
Cu 32. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c M l trung im ca BC, phng
trnh ng thng DM : x - y - 2 = 0 , nh C(3; -3) , nh A nm trn ng thng

d : 3 x + y - 2 = 0 . Xc nh to cc nh cn li ca hnh vung .
4t - 4
2.4
t = 3

.
t = -1
2
2
A(3; -7) hoc A(-1;5) . Mt khc, A v C nm v hai pha i vi DM nn ch c A(-1;5)
Gi s A(t;2 - 3t ) d . Ta c: d ( A, DM ) = 2d (C , DM )
Trang 58
Trn S Tng
tho mn.
uuur
uuur
Gi D(m; m - 2) DM AD = (m + 1; m - 7) , CD = (m - 3; m + 1) .
uuur uuur
(m + 1)(m - 3) + (m - 7)(m + 1) = 0
DA.DC = 0
ABCD l hnh vung nn
2
2
2
2 m=5
DA = DC
(m + 1) + (m - 7) = (m - 3) + (m + 1)
uuur uuur
D(5;3) ; AB = DC B(-3; -1) .
Vy: A(-1;5) , B(-3; -1) , D(5;3) .
Chn thnh cm n cc bn ng nghip v cc em hc sinh c tp ti liu ny.

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Trang 59

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Trn S Tng

http://trithuctoan.blogspot.com/PP to trong mt phng

Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho 2 ng thng d1 : x - 7 y + 17 = 0 ,

d2 : x + y - 5 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) qua im M(0;1) to vi d1, d2 mt tam

Phng trnh ng phn gic gc to bi d1, d2 l:

Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy, cho cho hai ng thng d1 : 2 x - y + 5 = 0 .

d2 : 3 x + 6 y 7 = 0 . Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua im P(2; 1) sao cho ng thng

Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hai ng thng d1 : 3x + y + 5 = 0 , d2 : 3 x + y + 1 = 0 v im

AB = (b - a)2 + 3(a - b) + 4 = 2 2 t 2 + (3t + 4)2 = 8 (vi t = a - b ).

Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy, cho hai ng thng d1 : x + y + 1 = 0 ,

d2 : 2 x y 1 = 0 . Lp phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua M(1;1) ct (d1) v (d2) tng

A(1; -2), B(1;3) . Suy ra d : x - 1 = 0 .

PT ng thng d ct tia Ox ti A(a;0), tia Oy ti B(0;b):

http://trithuctoan.blogspot.com/PP to trong mt phng

Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, vit phng trnh ng thng D i qua im M(4;1)

Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im M(1; 2)

v ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti B v C sao cho tam gic ABC cn ti A vi A(2;2).

vi cc trc ta mt tam gic c din tch bng S = 4 .

Gi A(a;0), B(0; b) (a, b 0) l giao im ca d vi Ox, Oy, suy ra: d :

2 x y + 3 = 0 . Lp phng trnh ng thng (D) qua A v to vi d mt gc c cos

PT ng thng (D) c dng: a( x 2) + b( y + 1) = 0 ax + by 2a + b = 0 (a2 + b2 0)

7a2 8ab + b2 = 0. Chon a = 1 b = 1; b = 7.

Cu 13. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im A(2;1) v ng thng d : 2 x + 3y + 4 = 0 .

Lp phng trnh ng thng D i qua A v to vi ng thng d mt gc 450 .

PT ng thng (D) c dng: a( x 2) + b( y - 1) = 0 ax + by (2a + b) = 0 (a2 + b2 0) .

Cu 14. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy , cho ng thng d : 2 x - y - 2 = 0 v im I(1;1) .

Lp phng trnh ng thng D cch im I mt khong bng

Gi s phng trnh ng thng D c dng: ax + by + c = 0 (a2 + b2 0) .

Cu 15. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho im M (0; 2) v hai ng thng d1 , d2 c

phng trnh ln lt l 3x + y + 2 = 0 v x - 3y + 4 = 0 . Gi A l giao im ca d1 v d2 .

khi H M, hay D l ng thng i qua M

Cu 16. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho ng thng (d ) : x 3y 4 = 0 v ng

http://trithuctoan.blogspot.com/PP to trong mt phng

im B thuc ng thng D sao cho ng thng AB v D hp vi nhau gc 450 .

Tm ta im M thuc ng thng d sao cho tam gic OMN (O l gc ta ) c din tch

Cu 19. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho im A(0;2) v ng thng d : x - 2 y + 2 = 0 . Tm

Cu 20. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hai ng thng d1 : x + y - 3 = 0 , d2 : x + y - 9 = 0 v

im A(1; 4) . Tm im B d1, C d2 sao cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A.

phng trnh: d1 : (m 1) x + (m 2) y + 2 m = 0 ; d2 : (2 m) x + (m 1) y + 3m 5 = 0 . Chng

d1, d2 lun ct nhau. Ta c: A(0;1) d1, B(2; -1) d2 , d1 ^ d2 D APB vung ti P P

P(2; 1) hoc P(0; 1) m = 1 hoc m = 2 . Vy PA + PB ln nht m = 1 hoc

B(3;4) . Tm im M(D) sao cho 2 MA2 + MB2 c gi tr nh nht.

Tm im M trn d sao cho MA + MB nh nht.

http://trithuctoan.blogspot.com/PP to trong mt phng

Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, gi A, B l cc giao im ca ng thng (d):

2 x y 5 = 0 v ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 - 20 x + 50 = 0 . Hy vit phng trnh ng trn

A(3; 1), B(5; 5) (C): x 2 + y 2 - 4 x - 8y + 10 = 0

Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ba ng thng: d1 : 2 x + y - 3 = 0 ,

d2 : 3 x + 4 y + 5 = 0 , d3 : 4 x + 3y + 2 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc d1 v

Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hai ng thng D : x + 3y + 8 = 0 ,

= (-3t - 8 + 2)2 + (t - 1)2 t = -3 I (1; -3), R = 5

PT ng trn cn tm: ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 3)2 = 25 .

Gi I (a; b) l tm ca ng trn (C). (C ) tip xc vi D ti im M(6;9) v (C ) tip

Kt lun: ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 1 v ( x - 5)2 + ( y + 5)2 = 25 .

m = 4 th phng trnh ng trn l: ( x - 4)2 + ( y - 4)2 = 16 .

Trong h to Oxy cho hai ng thng d : x + 2 y - 3 = 0 v D : x + 3y - 5 = 0 . Lp

http://trithuctoan.blogspot.com/PP to trong mt phng

(C): ( x + 9)2 + ( y - 6)2 =

Cu 10. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 + 4 3 x - 4 = 0 . Tia Oy

ct (C) ti A. Lp phng trnh ng trn (C), bn knh R = 2 v tip xc ngoi vi (C) ti

(C) c tm I(-2 3;0) , bn knh R= 4; A(0; 2). Gi I l tm ca (C).

PT ng thng IA : x = 2 3t , I ' IA I (2 3t;2t + 2) .

Cu 12. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 4 y + 2 = 0 . Vit