MC LC

MC LC.......................................................................................................................................... 1 DANH MC HNH ........................................................................................................................... 5 DANH MC BNG BIU ............................................................................................................... 7 THUT NG VIT TT ................................................................................................................. 8 LI NI U ................................................................................................................................. 10 CHNG 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1. S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN MNG TH H K TIP NGN ...................... 12 S ra i ca mng th h k tip NGN ................................................................... 12 Cc ng lc thc y s pht trin mng NGN ..................................................... 13 Ci thin chi ph u t ................................................................................................ 14 Xu hng i mi vin thng ...................................................................................... 14 KHI NIM V C IM MNG NGN .................................................................. 15 Khi nim ................................................................................................................. 15 c im mng NGN ............................................................................................... 16 Lp truyn ti ........................................................................................................... 18 Lp iu khin v bo hiu cuc gi ....................................................................... 19 Lp ng dng v dch v ......................................................................................... 19 Lp qun l .............................................................................................................. 19

1.1.1. 1.1.2. a. b. 1.2.

1.2.1. 1.2.2. 1.3.

KIN TRC MNG NGN .............................................................................................. 17

1.3.1. 1.3.2. 1.3.3. 1.3.4. 1.4.

CC THNH PHN TRONG CU TRC MNG NGN ............................................ 20 1.4.2. B iu khin cng phng tin ............................................................................ 21

1.4.1. Cng Media Gateway ..................................................................................................... 20 1.4.3. Cng bo hiu ............................................................................................................... 22 1.4.4. Server phng tin ......................................................................................................... 22 1.4.5. Server ng dng/server c tnh..................................................................................... 23 1.5. CC CNG NGH S DNG TRONG MNG NGN ................................................. 24 Cng ngh chuyn mch .......................................................................................... 24 Cng ngh truyn dn .............................................................................................. 26 Cng ngh truy nhp ................................................................................................ 27 Dch v thoi ............................................................................................................ 29

1.5.1. 1.5.2. 1.5.3. 1.6.

CC DCH V CA MNG NGN ................................................................................ 29

1.6.1.

1.6.2. 1.6.3. 1.6.4. 1.6.5. 1.6.6. 1.6.7. 1.6.8. 1.6.9. 1.6.10. 1.6.11. 1.6.12.

Dch v d liu ......................................................................................................... 29 Dch v a phng tin ............................................................................................ 29 Dch v mng ring o ............................................................................................. 29 Tnh ton mng cng cng ....................................................................................... 29 Bn tin hp nht ....................................................................................................... 30 Mi gii thng tin .................................................................................................... 30 Thng mi in t .................................................................................................. 30 Dch v chuyn cuc gi .......................................................................................... 31 Tr chi tng tc trn mng ................................................................................... 31 Thc t o phn tn .................................................................................................. 31 Qun l ti gia .......................................................................................................... 31

1.7. CC GIAO THC BO HIU V IU KHIN TRONG MNG NGN ....................... 32 Kt lun chng: .............................................................................................................................. 33 CHNG 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 34 2.1. B GIAO THC H.323 ....................................................................................................... 34 2.1.1. Cu trc ca H.323......................................................................................................... 35 2.1.1.1. Thit b u cui...................................................................................................... 35 2.1.1.2. Gatekeeper............................................................................................................... 37 2.1.1.3. Khi iu khin a im MCU ............................................................................... 38 2.1.2. Tp giao thc H.323....................................................................................................... 39 2.1.2.1. Bo hiu RAS.......................................................................................................... 39 2.1.2.2. Bo hiu iu khin cuc gi H.225 ....................................................................... 40 2.1.2.3. Giao thc H.245 ...................................................................................................... 41 2.1.3. cc th tc thit lp cuc gi .......................................................................................... 44 2.1.3.1. Thit lp cuc gi .................................................................................................... 44 2.1.3.2. Khi to lin kt v trao i kh nng .................................................................... 45 2.1.3.3. Thit lp knh truyn o .......................................................................................... 46 2.1.3.4. Cung cp dch v ..................................................................................................... 46 2.1.3.5. Gii phng cuc gi ................................................................................................ 46 2.2. CC GIAO THC KHI TO PHIN SIP ........................................................................ 47 2.2.1. Cc thnh phn ca SIP.................................................................................................. 48 2.2.2. Cc bn tin ca SIP ........................................................................................................ 50 2.2.3. Kh nng tm gi song song ca SIP.............................................................................. 54 2.2.4. Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi ca SIP ............................................................................... 55 2

2.2.5. So snh SIP vi H.323 ................................................................................................... 56 2.2.6. SIP-T .............................................................................................................................. 58 2.3. GIAO THC IU KHIN CUC GI C LP KNH MANG BICC ....................... 59 2.3.1. Tng quan v BICC ....................................................................................................... 59 2.3.2. Kin trc ca BICC ........................................................................................................ 61 2.3.2.1. M hnh mng ......................................................................................................... 61 2.3.2.2. M hnh giao thc BICC ......................................................................................... 63 2.4. GIAO THC IU KHIN GATEWAY TRUYN THNG MGCP V MEGACO ...... 64 2.4.1. MGCP ............................................................................................................................ 64 2.4.1.1. Kin trc v cc thnh phn MGCP ........................................................................ 65 2.4.1.2. Thit lp cuc gi thng qua MGCP....................................................................... 67 2.4.1.3. nh gi MGCP ...................................................................................................... 68 2.4.2. MEGACO ...................................................................................................................... 68 2.5. SIGTRAN GII PHP TRUYN TI BO HIU SS7 QUA MNG IP ...................... 70 2.5.1. Kin trc giao thc SIGTRAN....................................................................................... 71 2.5.1.1. M2UA ..................................................................................................................... 72 2.5.1.2. M2PA ...................................................................................................................... 73 2.5.1.3. M3UA ..................................................................................................................... 75 2.5.1.4. Truyn ti SCCP qua mng IP ................................................................................ 77 2.6. KT LUN CHNG............................................................................................................. 81 CHNG 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 83 3.1. S PHT TRIN MNG NGN TRN TH GII ............................................................. 83 3.1.1. S hnh thnh mng NGN trn th gii ......................................................................... 83 3.1.2. S pht trin mng NGN mt s nc trn th gii ................................................... 84 3.2. NHNG THCH THC KHI A MNG NGN VO HOT NG .......................... 87 3.2.1.Thch thc v cht lng dch v ................................................................................... 87 3.2.2. Thch thc v qun l .................................................................................................... 87 3.2.3. Thch thc trong qu trnh chuyn tip ......................................................................... 87 3.2.4. Thch thc v bo mt ................................................................................................... 88 3.2.5. Thch thc v kinh t ..................................................................................................... 88 3.3. HIN TRNG MNG VIN THNG HIN NAY............................................................ 88 3.3.1. Hin trng mng vin thng Vit Nam hin nay ............................................................ 88 3.3.2. Nhng hn ch ca mng vin thng hin ti ................................................................ 90 3.4. TNH HNH PHT TRIN MNG NGN TI VIT NAM ............................................... 92 3

3.4.1. Gii thiu gii php SURPASS ca Siemens ................................................................ 92 3.4.2. Tnh hnh trin khai mng NGN ti Vit Nam ............................................................... 96 3.4.2.1. Nguyn tc t chc mng th h k tip NGN ....................................................... 96 3.4.2.1.1 Phn vng lu lng ......................................................................................... 96 3.4.2.1.2. T chc lp ng dng v dch v ..................................................................... 97 3.4.2.1.3. T chc lp iu khin..................................................................................... 97 3.4.2.1.4. T chc lp truyn ti ...................................................................................... 98 3.4.2.1.5. T chc lp truy nhp ...................................................................................... 99 3.4.2.2. Kt ni mng NGN vi mng hin ti .................................................................. 100 3.4.2.2.1. Kt ni vi mng PSTN ................................................................................. 100 3.4.2.2.2. Kt ni vi mng Internet .............................................................................. 101 3.4.2.3. Tnh hnh trin khai mng NGN ca VNPT............................................................ 102 3.5. NH HNG PHT TRIN MNG NGN TI VIT NAM ........................................ 105 3.6. KT LUN CHNG....................................................................................................... 108 KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN N ........................................................................ 108 TI LIU THAM KHO.............................................................................................................. 109

DANH MC HNH
Hnh 1.1: Mng hp nht Hnh 1.2: M hnh kin trc mng NGN Hnh 1.3: Kin trc tng th mng NGN Hnh 1.4: Cc giao thc bo hiu iu khin trong mng NGN Hnh 2.1: Kin trc mng H.323 v cc phn t Hnh 2.2: Cu trc thit b u cui H.323 Hnh 2.3: Chng giao thc H.323 Hnh 2.4: Cuc gi c bn khng c Gatekeeper Hnh 2.5: Cc thnh phn trong bo hiu SIP Hnh 2.6: Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi thng qua Proxy Server Hnh 2.7: Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi ch Redirect Server Hnh 2.8: M hnh chc nng ca BICC CS1 Hnh 2.9: M hnh giao thc BICC Hnh 2.10: Quan h gia MG v MGC Hnh 2.11: Thit lp cuc gi gia thu bao A v thu bao B thng qua MGCP.. Hnh 2.12: Qu trnh chun ha MEGACO Hnh 2.13: M hnh kin trc giao thc SIGTRAN Hnh 2.14: M hnh M2UA Hnh 2.15: M hnh M2PA Hnh 2.16: M hnh M3UA Hnh 2.17: M hnh truyn ti SCCP qua mng IP Hnh 2.18: Trng hp thu bao PSTN gi cho mt thu bao H.323 thng qua MG Hnh 2.19: Trng hp ng dng tng i gi chuyn tip Hnh 2.20: Trng hp thu bao PSTN gi vo thu bao SIP thng qua MG Hnh 3.1: Th trng bng thng ca Nht Bn Hnh 3.2: S lng thu bao bng rng NTT Hnh 3.3: M hnh tng quan ca gii php SURPASS Hnh 3.4: Cc bo hiu ca SURPASS Hnh 3.5: M hnh chc nng ca hiQ9200 Hnh 3.6: Cu hnh kt ni lp truyn ti Hnh 3.7: Cu hnh cp mng ng trc quc gia
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Hnh 3.8: Cu hnh kt ni NGN PSTN Hnh 3.9: Cu hnh kt ni NGN Internet PSTN Hnh 3.10: M hnh mng NGN ca VNPT

DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng 2.1: Cc mo u bn tin SIP. Bng 2.1: gii thch mt s trng mo u quan trng Bng 2.3: Cc p ng SIP. Bng 2.4: So snh H.323 vi SIP. Bng 2.5: Cc yu cu lien mng gia SS7 SIP Bng 2.6: Cc bo hiu trong MGCP Bng 2.7: Cc lnh trao i thng tin trong MGCP

THUT NG VIT TT
T vit tt ACM ALL ANM API ATM BCF BICC BIWF BNC CS CSF DSLAM GK GSN GW IAD IAM IN IP ISN ISP ISUP ITU LAN LE MC MP MCU MGCP MGC M2UA M3UA M2PA MTP NGN OAM&P PBX tn ting anh Address Complete Message ATM Adaption Layer Answer message Application Program Interface Asynchronous Transfer Mode Bearer Control Function Bearer Independent Call Control Bearer Inter Working Function Backbone Network Connection Capability Set Call Server Function Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer Gatekeeper Gate Serving Node Gateway Intergrated Access Device Initial Address Message Intelligent Network Internet Protocol Interface Serving Node Interner Service Provider ISDN User Part tn ting vit Bn tin hon tt a ch Lp tng thch ATM Bn tin tr li Giao din lp trnh ng dng Ch truyn khng ng b Chc nng iu khin knh mang Giao thc iu khin cuc gi c lp knh mang Chc nng lm vic lien mng Kt ni mng xng sng Tp kh nng Chc nng dch v cuc gi B ghp knh truy nhp ng thu bao s im phc v cng

Thit b truy nhp tch hp Bn tin khi to a ch Mng thng minh Giao thc internet im phc v giao din Nh cung cp dch v Phn i tng ngi s dng mng tch hp a dch v International Telecommunications Union Hip hi vin thng quc t Local Area Network Mng cc b Local Exchange Tng i ni ht Multipoint Controller B iu khin a im Multipoint Processor B x l a im Multipoint Control Unit Khi iu khin a im Media Gateway Control Protocol Giao thc iu khin Gateway truyn thng Media Gateway Controller B iu khin cng a phng tin MTP2 User Aption layer Lp tng thch ngi s dng MTP2 MTP3 User Adaption Layer Lp tng thch ngi s dng MTP3 MTP2-User Peer-to-Peer Adaptation Layer Lp tng thch ngang hng ngi s dng MTP2 Message Transfer Part Phn truyn dn bn tin Next Generation Network Mng th h k tip Operation, Administration, Maintainance, Vn hnh, qun tr, bo dng v and Performance gim st hot ng Private Branche Xchange Tng i nhnh ring

POTS PRI PSTN QoS RAS RAS RTCP RTP SCN SCP SCCP SCTP SDP SIP SIGTRAN SG SS7 SSP STP SUA SUS SWN TCAP TCP ToS TSN UAC UAS VoIP

Plain Old Telephone Service Primary Rate Interface Public Switch Telephone Network Quality of Sevice Registration, Admision, Status Remote Access Server Real-Time Control Protocol Real-Time Transport Protocol Switch Circuit Network Service Control Point Signal Connection Control Part Stream Control Transport Protocol Session Description Protocol Session Initiation Protocol Signalling Transport Signalling Gateway Signalling System 7 Service Switching Point Signaling Transfer Point SCCP-User Adaptation Layer SUSpend Switch Node Transaction Capabilities Application Part Transmission Control Protocol Type of Sevice Transit Serving Node User Agent Client User Agent Server Voice over IP

Dch v thoi truyn thng Giao din tc c bn Mng in thoi cng cng Cht lng dch v ng k, cho php, trng thi My ch truy nhp t xa Giao thc iu khin thi gian thc Giao thc truyn vn thi gian thc Mng chuyn mch knh im iu khin dch v Phn ng dng iu khin kt ni bo hiu Giao thc truyn vn iu khin lung Giao thc miu t phin Giao thc khi to phin Truyn vn bo hiu Gate bo hiu H thng bo hiu s 7 im chuyn tip dch v im chuyn tip bo hiu Lp tng thch ngi s dng SCCP Ngng im chuyn mch Phn ng dng kh nng giao dch Giao thc iu khin truyn vn Kiu dch v im phc v chuyn tip My khch tc nhn ngi s dng B phc v tc nhn ngi s dng Thoi trn giao thc IP

LI NI U Trong vi nm tr li y nhu cu v cc dch v vin thng tng mnh mang li nhiu li ch cho cc nh khai thc vin thng cng nh cc nh cung cp thit b vin thng, bn cnh s ra i ca nhiu cng ngh mi vi cc u im ni tri m ra c hi ln cho c ngi s dng ln nh cung cp. Sau nhiu nm hot ng mng PSTN bc l mt s hn ch hu nh khng th khc phc c. Chuyn mch da trn cng ngh TDM cng nhc trong vic phn b bng thng ( Nx64kb/s ) v gp nhiu kh khn khi a ra cc dch v mi, nht l khi trin khai mng th h sau. Mng PSTN cn s u t rt ln, gi thnh ph vn hnh mng ln. Hn na, mng PSTN c nhiu cp khc nhau (Gateway quc t, Toll, Tandem, Host ) nn rt phc tp trong vic phi hp h thng bo hiu, ng b v trin khai dch v mi. Trong khi nhu cu v cc dch v d liu pht trin mnh: Internet ngy cng ph bin, nhng i hi v dch v IP ( IP VPN..), xu th tch hp IP/ATM/MPLS cho mng thng tin ng trc cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin v vin thng th gii dn n s cn thit phi thay i mng. Mng mi ra i phi c bng tn rng, h tr nhiu loi hnh dch v, n gin v cu trc qun l, d dng pht trin dch v v nhanh chng cung cp cho khch hng. Mng th h k tip ra i nhm em li mt cu trc mng mi vi chc nng p ng c hu ht yu cu v ng thi s l nn tng kin to cho cc dch v vin thng tin tin trong tng lai. NGN l mng hi t c thoi, video v c d liu trn cng mt c s h tng da trn nn tng IP lm vic trn c 2 phng tin truyn thng v tuyn v hu tuyn. NGN l s tch hp cu trc mng hin ti vi cu trc mng a dch v trn c s h tng c sn, vi s hp nht cc h thng qun l v iu khin. Cc ng dng c bn nh

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l thoi, hi ngh truyn hnh v nhn tin hp nht nh voice mail, mail v faxmail, cng nh nhiu dch v khc c cung cp cho ngi s dng. Mng NGN c s thay i hon ton v mt kin trc, kin trc phn tn c xy dng thay cho kin trc tp trung nh trong chuyn mch knh trc y. V th m cc chc nng bo hiu v x l bo hiu, chuyn mch, iu khin cuc gi, c thc hin bi cc thit b nm phn tn trong cu hnh mng. to ra cc kt ni gia cc thit b u cui nhm cung cp dch v, cc thit b ny phi trao i thng tin bo hiu v iu khin c vi nhau. Cch thc trao i thng tin bo hiu v iu khin c quy nh trong cc giao thc bo hiu v iu khin c s dng trong mng. Do cc giao thc bo hiu v iu khin trong mng NGN ng vai tr rt quan trng trong vic kt ni trao i thng tin gia cc thit b u cui. Vi nhng nhn nh trn em quyt nh chn ti mng th h k tip NGN v giao thc bo hiu - iu khin lm ti nghin cu, tm hiu v ng dng. Tp chung nghin cu tng quan v mng NGN i su vo tm hiu cc giao thc bo hiu v iu khin trong mng, cc giao thc ng vai tr rt quan trng trong hot ng ca mng NGN, trn c s l thuyt em tm hiu vic ng dng cc giao thc bo hiu v iu khin trong mng vin thng hin nay ti Vit Nam.

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CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V MNG TH H K TIP NGN 1.1. S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN MNG TH H K TIP NGN 1.1.1. S ra i ca mng th h k tip NGN Th trng thng tin vin thng ang thay i mt cch nhanh chng, s thay i ny khng ch lin quan n cc nh sn xut, cc nh nghin cu th trng vin thng m cn ti nhiu i tng trong cc lnh vc khc nhau ca x hi. Phng thc m con ngi trao i thng tin, giao tip vi nhau, kinh doanh vi nhau ang dn dn c thay i cng vi nhng thay i ca nn cng nghip vin thng. Cc ng dy in thoi khng ch cn mang thng tin thoi m cn truyn c s liu v video. Thng tin thoi, s liu, fax, video v cc dch v khc ang c cung cp ti cc u cui l my in thoi, thit b di ng, my tnh c nhn, cc my mc t ngvi cc yu cu v cht lng dch v t pha ngi s dng ngy cng cao. Lu lng thng tin s liu vt xa lu lng thng tin thoi v vn tng khng ngng vi tc gp 10 ln tc tng ca lu lng thng tin thoi. Chuyn mch knh, vn l c trng ca mng PSTN truyn thng trong sut th k qua ang nhng bc cho chuyn mch gi trong mng th h sau v khng cn thch hp na v t ra c nhiu nhc im i vi cc dch v phi thoi: S dng bng tn khng linh hot. Lng ph ti nguyn h thng. Khng c c ch pht hin v sa li. Hiu nng s dng khng cao. tha mn nhu cu ca khch hng, ng ngha vi vic gia tng li nhun, cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng yu cu nhng gii php cng

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ngh mi thay th hoc b sung cho mng PSTN. Cng vi s gia tng nhu cu ca khch hng, cng ngh chuyn mch gi cng gp phn a ngnh cng nghip vin thng chuyn sang mt thi k mi. Cng ngh chuyn mch gi a ra cc gii php chuyn giao thng tin di dng cc gi tin theo phng thc hng kt ni hay phi kt ni trn cc knh o. Mng chuyn mch gi c th c xy dng theo cc giao thc khc nhau: X25, IP,...trong giao thc IP l giao thc ang c quan tm nhiu nht. Mng chuyn mch gi da trn giao thc IP c coi l gii php cng ngh p ng c s gia tng nhu cu ca khch hng. Vi kh nng ca mnh, cc dng lu lng khc nhau c x l hon ton trong sut mng IP, iu ny cho php mng IP c kh nng cung cp cc loi dch v phong ph v a dng, bao gm c cc dch v a phng tin ch khng ring g cc dch v thoi. Nh vy, dp ng cc yu cu t ra, cc nh qun tr mng c 2 s la chn, hoc l xy dng mt c s h tng hon ton mi cho mng IP hoc l xy dng mt mng c kh nng cung cp cc dch v IP bng cch nng cp trn h tng mng PSTN hin c. H tng mng ca th k 20 khng th c thay th ch trong mt sm, mt chiu v v th phng n th hai l s la chn ng n l mng th h k tip NGN Next Generation Network. Nh vy mng th h k tip NGN c hnh thnh, khng phi l mt cuc cch mng m l mt bc pht trin. 1.1.2. Cc ng lc thc y s pht trin mng NGN Yu t hng u l tc pht trin theo hm s m ca nhu cu truyn dn d liu v cc dch v d liu l kt qu ca tng trng Internet mnh m. Cc h thng mng cng cng hin nay ch yu c xy dng nhm truyn dn lu lng thoi, truyn d liu thng tin v

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video c vn chuyn trn cc mng chng ln, tch ri c trin khai p ng nhng yu cu ca chng. Do vy, mt s chuyn i sang h thng mng chuyn mch gi tp trung l khng th trnh khi khi m d liu thay th v tr ca thoi v tr thnh ngun to ra li nhun chnh. Cng vi s bng n Internet trn ton cu, rt nhiu kh nng mng th h mi s da trn giao thc IP. Tuy nhin, thoi vn l mt dch v quan trng v do , nhng thay i ny dn ti yu cu truyn thoi cht lng cao qua IP. Ngoi nhng ng lc v mt k thut th trong kha cnh kinh doanh cng c cc ng lc dn ti s ra i ca mng NGN: a. Ci thin chi ph u t Cng ngh cn bn lin quan n chuyn mch knh truyn thng c ci tin chm tr v chm trin khai kt hp vi nn cng nghip my tnh. Cc chuyn mch knh ny hin ang chim phn ln trong c s h tng PSTN. Tuy nhin chng cha tht s ti u cho mng truyn s liu. Kt qu l ngy cng c nhiu dng lu lng s liu trn mng PSTN n mng Internet v s xut hin mt gii php vi nh hng s liu lm trng tm thit k m ng chuy n m ch tng lai, n n t ng d a trn cng ngh chuy n m ch gi cho c tho i v d li u. Cc giao din m ti tng lp mng cho php nh khai thc la chn nh cung cp c hiu qu nht cho tng lp mng ca h. Truyn ti da trn gi cho php phn b bng tn linh hot, loi b nhu cu nhm trung k kch thc c nh cho thoi, nh gip cc nh khai thc qun l mng d dng hn, nng cp mt cch hiu qu phn mm trong cc nt iu khin mng, gim chi ph khai thc h thng. b. Xu hng i mi vin thng Khc vi kha cnh k thut, qu trnh gii th ang nh hng mnh m n cch thc hot ng ca cc nh khai thc vin thng ln trn th
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gii. Xuyn sut qu trnh c gi l mch vng ni ht khng trn gi, cc lut l ca chnh ph trn ton th gii p buc cc nh khai thc ln phi m ca cc cng ty mi tham gia th trng cnh tranh. Trn quan im chuyn mch, cc nh cung cp thay th phi c kh nng ginh c khch hng a phng nh u t trc tip vo nhng dm cui cng ca ng cp ng. iu ny dn n vic gia tng cnh tranh. Cc mng NGN thc s ph hp h tr kin trc mng v cc m hnh c lut php cho php khai thc. 1.2. KHI NIM V C IM MNG NGN 1.2.1. Khi nim Mng vin thng th h k tip NGN c nhiu tn gi khc nhau, chng hn nh: Mng a dch v: cung cp nhiu dch v khc nhau. Mng hi t: h tr dch v thoi v d liu, cu trc mng hi t. Mng phn phi: phn phi tnh thng minh cho mi phn t trong mng. Mng nhiu lp: t chc nhiu lp mng c chc nng c lp nhng h tr nhau. Cho ti hin nay, mc d cc t chc vin thng quc t v cc nh cung cp thit b vin thng trn th gii u rt quan tm v nghin cu v chin lc pht trin NGN. Song vn cha c mt nh ngha c th no chnh xc cho mng NGN. Do , nh ngha mng NGN nu ra y khng th bao hm ht ngha ca mng th h mi nhng l khi nim chung nht khi cp n NGN.

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Hnh 1.1. Mng hp nht Nh vy, c th xem NGN l s tch hp mng PSTN da trn k thut TDM v mng chuyn mch gi da trn k thut IP/ATM. N c th truyn ti tt c cc dch v vn c ca PSTN ng thi c th cung cp cho mng IP mt lng lu lng d liu ln, nh gim ti cho mng PSTN. Tuy nhin, NGN khng ch n thun l s hi t gia thoi v d liu m cn l s hi t gia truyn dn quang v cng ngh gi, gia mng c nh v di ng. Vn ct li y l lm sao c th tn dng ht li th em n t qu trnh hi t ny. Mt vn quan trng khc l s bng n nhu cu ca ngi s dng cho mt khi lng ln dch v v ng dng phc tp bao gm c a phng tin, phn ln trong s khng c d tnh khi xy dng cc h thng mng hin nay. 1.2.2. c im mng NGN Mng NGN c bn c im chnh: - Nn tng l h thng mng m: Cc khi chc nng ca tng i truyn thng chia thnh cc phn t mng c lp, cc phn t c phn theo chc nng tng ng v pht trin mt cch c lp. Giao din v giao thc gia cc b phn phi da trn cc tiu chun tng ng. Vic phn tch lm cho mng vin thng vn c dn dn i theo hng mi, nh

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kinh doanh c th cn c vo nhu cu dch v t t hp cc phn t khi t chc mng li. Vic tiu chun ha giao thc gia cc phn t c th thc hin ni thng gia cc mng c cu hnh khc nhau. - Mng NGN l do mng dch v thc y, nhng dch v phi thc hin c lp vi mng li: + Chia tch dch v vi iu khin cuc gi. + Chia tch cuc gi vi truyn ti. Mc tiu chnh ca chia tch l lm cho dch v thc s c lp vi mng, thc hin mt cch linh hot v c hiu qu vic cung cp dch v. Thu bao c th t b tr v xc nh c trng dch v ca mnh, khng quan tm n mng truyn ti dch v v loi hnh u cui. iu lm cho vic cung cp dch v v ng dng c tnh linh hot cao. - Mng NGN l mng chuyn mch gi, da trn mt giao thc thng nht: Giao thc IP thc t tr thnh giao thc ng dng vn nng v bt u c s dng lm c s cho cc mng a dch v, mc d hin ti vn cn th bt li so vi cc chuyn mch knh v mt kh nng h tr lu lng thoi v cung cp cht lng dch v m bo cho s liu. Tc t h a y i nhanh chng trong th gii Internet, m n c to iu kin bi s pht trin ca cc tiu chun m s sm khc phc nhng thiu st ny. - L mng c dung lng ngy cng tng, c tnh thch ng cng ngy cng tng, c dung lng p ng nhu cu. 1.3. KIN TRC MNG NGN Xt v mt kin trc th mng NGN c th c chia ra lm bn lp chc nng nh sau.

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Service/Application Plane Application/Feature Servers (SCP, Service Logic), Media Server Management Plane Open APIs (Parlay, Jain, CAMEL, SIP, AIN/INAP) Control & Signalling Plane Subscriber & Service Provisioning, Network Management, Operational Support, Billing Support Call Agents, MGC, Softswitch SIP/SIP-T, H.323 IN/AIN

Inter-Network Switch

Signalling (ISUP, MAP, RANAP, MGCP, MEGACO, SIP) Transport Plane IP Transport Domain: IP Backbone, Routers, Switch, BGs QoS Meehanisms, (RSVP, Diffserv, MPLS...) Interworking Domain: TG (MG), SG, Interworking GW SS7, TDM/ PSTN/SS7/ATM ATM Network IP Other VoIP Network

Non-IP Access Domain: Wireline Access (AG, Access Proxies) Mobile Accesss (RAN AG) Broadband Access (IADs, MTAs)

IP Phones (H.323, SIP, MGCP...), IP Termina, IP PBXs

Non-IP Terminal/ Mobile Network

Hnh1.2. M hnh kin trc mng NGN 1.3.1. Lp truyn ti Chc nng c bn ca lp truyn ti l x l, chuyn vn gi tin. Lp ny bao gm cc thit b m nhim ng m gi, nh tuyn, chuyn gi tin di s iu khin ca lp iu khin v bo hiu cuc gi. Lp truyn ti c phn chia lm ba min con.
- Min truyn ti thng tin theo giao thc IP, min ny bao gm:

Mng truyn dn backbone. Cc thit b mng nh : Router, Switch. Cc thit b cung cp c ch QoS.
- Min lin kt mng: Min lin kt mng vi nhim v chnh l nhn cc d

liu n, chuyn i khun dng d liu cho ph hp thng tin c th truyn thng mt cch trong sut trn ton b mng. Trong min ny l tp hp cc Gateway nh Signaling Gateway, Media Gateway, trong , Signaling Gateway thc hin chc nng cu ni gia mng PSTN v mng IP v tin hnh phin dch thng tin bo hiu gia hai mng ny. Media Gateway thc hin qu trnh chuyn i khun dng d liu gia cc mi

18

trng truyn thng khc nhau.

- Min truy nhp khng da trn giao thc IP: Trong min ny bao gm cc

thit b truy cp cung cp cc cng kt ni cho thit b u cui thu bao, cung cp cc dch v nh POTS, IP, VoIP, ATM FR, xDSL, X25, IP-VPN. 1.3.2. Lp iu khin v bo hiu cuc gi y l lp trung tm ca h thng thc thi qu trnh iu khin, gim st v x l cuc gi nhm cung cp cc dch v thng sut t u cui n u cui (end-to- end) vi bt c loi giao thc v bo hiu no. Thc thi qu trnh gim st cc kt ni cuc gi gia cc thu bao thng qua vic iu khin cc thnh phn ca lp truyn ti -Transport Plane. Qu trnh x l v bo hiu cuc gi v bn cht c ngha l x l cc yu cu ca thu bao v vic thit lp v hu b cuc gi thng qua cc bn tin bo hiu. Lp ny cn c chc nng kt ni cuc gi thu bao vi lp ng dng v dch v - Service and Application Plane. Cc chc nng ny s c thc thi thng qua cc thit b nh Media Gateway Controller ( hay Call Agent hay Call Controller ), cc SIP Server hay Gatekeeper. 1.3.3. Lp ng dng v dch v Lp ng dng v dch v l lp cung cp cc ng dng v dch v nh mng thng minh IN, cc dch v gi tr gia tng.... Lp ny lin kt vi lp iu khin v bo hiu thng qua cc giao din lp trnh m API. Cng chnh nh m vic cp nht, to mi v trin khai ng dng, dch v mng tr nn v cng nhanh chng v hiu qu. Trn lp ny s dng cc thit b nh Application Server, Feature Server. Lp ny cng c th thc thi vic iu khin nhng thnh phn c bit nh Media Server, mt thit b c bit n vi tp cc chc nng nh conferencing, IVR, x l tone... 1.3.4. Lp qun l Lp qun l mng c nhim v cung cp cc chc nng nh gim st

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cc dch v v khch hng, tnh cc v cc tc v qun l mng kh c. N c th tng tc vi bt k hoc c ba lp cn li thng qua cc chun cng nghip v d nh SNMP hoc cc chun ring v cc APIs - giao din lp trnh m. 1.4. CC THNH PHN TRONG CU TRC MNG NGN Xt cu trc tng th cho mng NGN theo MFS:

Hnh 1.3: Kin trc tng th ca mng NGN 1.4.1. Cng Media Gateway MG cung cp phng tin truyn ti thng tin thoi, d liu, fax v video gia mng gi IP v cc mng khc. Trong mng PSTN, d liu thoi c mang trn knh DS0. truyn d liu ny vo mng gi, mu thoi cn c nn li v ng gi. c bit y ngi ta s dng b x l tn hiu s DSP thc hin cc chc nng: chuyn i AD, nn m thoi/ audio, trit ting di, b khong lng, m ha, ti to tn hiu thoi, truyn cc tn hiu DTMF,... MG c cc chc nng sau: - Truyn d liu thoi s dng giao thc thi gian thc ; - Cung cp khe thi gian T1 hay ti nguyn x l tn hiu s (DSP) di
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s iu khin ca MGC. ng thi qun l ti nguyn DSP cho dch v ny; - H tr cc giao thc c nh loop - start, ground - start, E&M, CAS, QSIG v ISDN qua T1; - Qun l ti nguyn v kt ni T1; - Cung cp kh nng thay nng cc card T1 hay DSP; - C phn mm MG d phng; - Cho php kh nng m rng MG v: cng (port), cards, cc nt, m khng lm thay i cc thnh phn khc. 1.4.2. B iu khin cng phng tin MGC l n v chc nng c bn ca chuyn mch mm, v cng thng c gi l tc nhn cuc gi hay B iu khin cng, hay chuyn mch mm. MGC iu khin x l cuc gi, cn MG v SG s thc hin truyn thng. MGC thc hin iu khin MG. Ngoi ra cn giao tip vi h thng OSS v BSS. MGC chnh l chic cu ni gia cc mng c c tnh khc nhau nh PSTN, SS7, mng IP. N chu trch nhim qun l lu lng thoi v d liu qua cc mng khc nhau. Mt MGC kt hp vi MG, SG to thnh cu hnh ti thiu cho chuyn mch mm. Cc chc nng ca MGC: - iu khin cuc gi, duy tr trng thi ca mi cuc gi trn mt MG; - iu khin v h tr hot ng ca MG, SG; - Trao i cc bn tin c bn gia 2 MG-F; - X l bn tin bo hiu SS7 (khi s dng SIGTRAN); - X l cc bn tin lin quan QoS nh RTCP;

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- Thc hin nh tuyn cuc gi (bao gm bng nh tuyn v bin dch); - Ghi li cc thng tin chi tit ca cuc gi tnh cc (CDR- Call Detail Record); - iu khin qun l bng thng Cc giao thc MGC c th s dng: - Giao thc thit lp cuc gi: H.323, SIP; - Giao thc iu khin MG: MGCP, MEGACO/H.248; - Giao thc iu khin SG: SIGTRAN (SS7); - Giao thc truyn thng tin: RTP, RCTP. 1.4.3. Cng bo hiu SG thc hin chc nng cu ni gia mng bo hiu SS7 v cc nt c qun l bi chuyn mch mm trong mng IP. SG lm cho chuyn mch mm ging nh mt nt SS7 trong mng bo hiu SS7. SG c cc chc nng sau:
-

Cung cp mt kt ni vt l n mng bo hiu; Truyn thng tin bo hiu gia MGC v SG thng qua mng IP; Thit lp ng truyn dn cho thoi v cc dng d liu khc. MS l thnh phn la chn ca Softswitch, c s dng x l cc

1.4.4. Server phng tin thng tin c bit. Mt Media Server phi h tr phn cng vi hiu sut cao nht. Cc chc nng ca MS:
-

Chc nng voice-mail c bn ; Hp th fax tch hp hay cc thng bo c th s dng e-mail hay Kh nng nhn dng ting ni nu c; Kh nng hi ngh truyn hnh (Video conference); Kh nng chuyn i thoi sang vn bn (Speech -to- text).

cc bn tin ghi m trc (Pre-recorded Message) ;

-

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1.4.5. Server ng dng/server c tnh Server c tnh l mt server mc ng dng cha mt loi cc dch v ca doanh nghip. Chnh v vy m n cn c gi l Server ng dng thng mi. V hu ht cc Server ny t qun l cc dch v v truyn thng qua mng IP nn chng khng rng buc nhiu vi Softswitch v vic phn chia hay nhm cc thnh phn ng dng. Cc dch v gi tr gia tng c th trc thuc Call Agent, hoc cng c th thc hin mt cc c lp. Nhng ng dng ny giao tip vi Call Agent thng qua cc giao thc nh SIP, H323...Chng thng c lp vi phn cng nhng li yu cu truy nhp c s d liu c trng. Chc nng ca FS: Chc nng c bn ca Feature Server l xc nh tnh hp l v h tr cc thng s dch v thng thng cho h thng a chuyn mch. thy r hn ta xt mt vi v d v dch v c tnh:
-

H thng tnh cc s dng cc b CDR (Call Detail Record - bn

ghi chi tit cuc gi). Chng trnh CDR c rt nhiu c tnh, chng hn kh nng ng dng tc da trn loi ng truyn, thi im trong ngy... Dch v ny cho php khch hng truy cp vo bn tin tnh cc ca h thng qua cuc gi thoi hay truy cp Web yu cu.
-

VPN-Dch v ny s thit lp mng ring o cho khch hng vi Bng thng xc nh (Thng qua mng thu ring tc cao); m bo QoS; Nhiu tnh nng ring theo chun; K hoch quay s ring; Bo mt cc m thoi c truyn dn;

cc c tnh sau:

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1.5. CC CNG NGH S DNG TRONG MNG NGN 1.5.1. Cng ngh chuyn mch Chuyn mch l thnh phn nm trong lp truyn ti ca cu trc NGN, tuy nhin cng ngh chuyn mch s dng y c s thay i ln so vi cc thit b s dng cng ngh TD trc y. Cc cng ngh chuyn mch truyn thng trc kia khng tha mn c a phng tin cng nh nhu cu a dch v bng rng trong tng lai trong khi vic ra i cc cng ngh chuyn mch mi nh IP, ATM hay chuyn mch quang ang v s to nn mt trin vng to ln trong cng ngh chuyn mch. Cng ngh IP: TCP/IP l h giao thc cung cp cc phng tin lin kt cc mng nh vi nhau to ra mng ln hn gi l lin mng. Cu trc phn tng ca TCP/IP gm 4 tng: Lp lin kt d liu v vt l, lp IP, lp TCP/IP gm hai giao thc TCP ( Transmission Control Protocol) v UDP (User Datagram Protocol) trong TCP cung cp kh nng kt ni cn UDP cung cp kh nng phi kt ni, lp ng dng.
ng dng v dch v TCP IP Lin kt d liu v vt l UDP

So snh vi m hnh OSI

ng dng Trnh din Phin Giao vn Mng Lin kt Vt l

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Giao thc IP thc hin truyn thng tin di dng cc n v d liu gi l Datagram. C hai loi khun dng gi tin l IPv4 v IPv6. Trong khi IPv4 ang tr nn li thi v bc l nhiu hn ch th s ra i ca IPv6 l mt bc pht trin tip theo trong cng ngh IP c th p ng cho cc yu cu mi. Cng ngh ATM: ATM l mt h thng truyn dn thng tin dng gi c bit s dng kiu ghp knh khng ng b. Cng ngh ATM xut hin vi mng din rng, a dng v bng rng, tc cao. ATM cng chp nhn loi dch v kt ni trong knh o c to ra truyn cc thng tin dch v. ID kt ni c ch nh khi thit lp knh v ID c gii phng khi kt thc kt ni. Cng ngh MPLS: MPLS l cng ngh mi trong lin lc IP, l s ci tin ca cng ngh IPoA truyn thng. MPLS s dng ch tch hp bi vy n c cc u im ca ATM nh tc cao, QoS m bo iu khin lung mm do cng nh mm do kh nng m rng ca IP. MPLS khng nhng gii quyt c nhiu vn ca mng hin ti m cn h tr c nhiu chc nng mi, do c th ni rng MPLS l cng ngh mng IP xng sng l tng. Cc cng ngh chuyn mch cho mng th h mi l IP, ATM, IP/ATM hay MPLS, iu ny ty thuc vo xu hng trin khai ca cc nh khai thc vin thng. Tuy nhin ni chung l da trn cng ngh chuyn mch gi, cho php thch ng vi nhiu tc v loi hnh dch v khc nhau. Song song vi cc cng ngh chuyn mch trn, chuyn mch quang ang trong giai on nghin cu v trong tng lai s c cc chuyn mch quang lm vic theo nguyn l sau: chuyn mch quang phn chia theo khng gian, theo thi gian v theo bc sng.

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1.5.2. Cng ngh truyn dn Trong mng th h k tip cng ngh truyn dn c s dng y l SDH v WDM nh cc u im nh kh nng hot ng mm do, linh hot, thun tin cho khai thc v iu hnh qun l chng. Cng ngh SDH v ang c s dng rt rng ri v cc tuyn truyn dn SDH vn ang c tip tc thit lp theo ng xu hng ca cu trc mng mi do , vic s dng cc tuyn ny s gip cho vic trin khai NGN c nhiu thun li. Cng ngh WDM cho php s dng rng bng tn rt ln ca si quang bng cch kt hp mt s tn hiu ghp knh theo thi gian vi di bc sng khc nhau. Nh kh nng truyn dn ca cc tuyn trn mng s c tng ln ng k, p ng y v mt dung lng cho mng. Nh vy, cn pht trin cc h thng truyn dn cng ngh SDH v WDM, hn ch s dng cng ngh PDH. ng thi cn nghin cu pht trin cc phng tin truyn dn tin cy, c nh vy vic hi t cc mng trn nn cng ngh gi mi c th thc hin c. Cc phng tin truyn dn s dng trong NGN. Cp quang: - S dng cng ngh truyn dn quang SDH cho php to nn ng truyn dn tc cao (n*155Mb/s). Cng ngh ny c s dng rng ri nhiu nc cng nh Vit Nam. - Cng ngh WDH thc s tr thnh bc t ph trong cng ngh truyn dn trn mng quang vi kh nng tc ln ti 5Gb/s, 10Gb/s v 20Gb/s. V tuyn

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- Vi ba: Trong h thng vi ba cng ngh SDH cng c pht trin tuy nhin, do nhiu hn ch v mi trng truyn sng m tc khng c cao so vi cng ngh truyn dn quang. - V tinh: Nh s pht trin ca thng tin v tinh trong nhng nm gn y m cc dch v trn rt pht trin vi a dng cc loi hnh nh: DTH tng tc, truy nhp Internet, cc dch v bng rng Ngoi cc ng dng ph bin vi nhu cu thng tin qung b, vin thng nng thn, vi s kt hp s dng cng ngh CDMA gip tng s lng knh truyn, thng tin v tinh s c bit pht trin trong nhng nm ti trong lnh vc thng tin di ng, thng tin c nhn, nh v Cp ng: - y l phng tin truyn dn c bn trong mng truy nhp, do nhng hn ch ca mnh m cp ng ngy nay t c ch . Vi nhng cng ngh truy nhp mi ra i nh xDSL gip khc phc phn no v tc truyn dn nhng li hn ch v khong cch truyn dn. Do vy, trong tng lai cp ng ch cn c s dng trong nhng phm vi nh trong nhng vng mng truy nhp. 1.5.3. Cng ngh truy nhp Vi nhu cu truy nhp cc dch v tin tin yu cu cht lng cao, thi gian p ng dch v ti u chi ph vn hnh kinh t th quan im truyn thng v ng dy thu bao c nhiu thay i. Bn cnh cc phng php truy nhp a knh nh TDM, FDMA, CDMA, SDMA ngi ta kt hp s dng thm cc k thut khc. Trong xu hng pht trin ca mnh, NGN s tch hp nhiu loi hnh mng truy nhp vo mt mi trng truyn dn chung. iu s to ra kh nng truy nhp hiu qu nh cc cng ngh tin tin:

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- Mng truy nhp quang: Mng truy nhp s dng k thut ghp bc sng l mng s dng bc sng mt cch hiu qu bng cch truyn ng thi nhiu tn hiu quang cc bc sng khc nhau trn cng mt si quang. Mng a truy nhp s dng k thut ghp bc sng c chia lm hai loi chnh l: mng WDMA n bc ( hay gi l mng ton quang) v WDM a bc. Trong khi cc mng a truy nhp phn chia theo sng mng ph c chia thnh hai loi l mng SCMA n knh v mng SCMA a knh.Mng truy nhp v tuyn: Nhng loi hnh thng tin v tuyn pht trin mnh nht hin nay l thng tin v tuyn c nh WLL v thng tin v tuyn c nh. - Cc phng thc truy nhp cp ng xDSL in hnh l HDSL, ADSL. - Xu hng pht trin mng truy nhp bng rng: Trong mng truy nhp bng rng th mc tiu l cc dch v bng hp s c kt hp vo cng mt ng truy nhp cc dch v bng rng, nhng trong qu trnh pht trin cc dch v ny c th c truy nhp ring bit. - Truy nhp ring bit cho bng rng: Theo phng thc ny cc dch v bng rng c a ti khch hng qua ng truy nhp ring bit ti tng i ni ht ATM. Nh vy, s khng c s nh hng no n cc dch v mng hin ti. - H thng truy nhp kiu ghp knh: Phng php ny s dng mt lung truy nhp bng rng n nht ti khch hng truyn ti ng thi cc dch v c truyn trn knh o v mch o ATM sau , khi ti thu bao th cc dch v bng hp c tch ra. - Truy nhp mc tiu: Phng php ny gip cho khch hng s dng y nht thit b ATM ca mnh bng cch to kh nng truy nhp ATM y vo mt tng i ATM.

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1.6. CC DCH V CA MNG NGN 1.6.1. Dch v thoi NGN vn cung cp cc dch v thoi khc nhau ang tn ti nh ch cuc gi, chuyn cuc gi, gi ba bn, cc thuc tnh AIN khc nhau, Centrex, Class, Tuy nhin cn lu l NGN khng c gng lp li cc dch v thoi truyn thng hin ang cung cp; dch v th vn m bo nhng cng ngh th thay i. 1.6.2. Dch v d liu Cho php thit lp kt ni thi gian thc gia cc u cui, cng vi cc c t gi tr gia tng nh bng thng theo yu cu, tnh tin cy v phc hi nhanh kt ni, cc kt ni chuyn mch o, v qun l di tn, iu khin cuc gi, Tm li cc dch v d liu c kh nng thit lp kt ni theo bng thng v cht lng dch v QoS theo yu cu. 1.6.3. Dch v a phng tin Cho php nhiu ngi tham gia tng tc vi nhau qua thoi, video, d liu. Cc dch v ny cho php khch hng va ni chuyn, va hin th thng tin. Ngoi ra, cc my tnh cn c th cng tc vi nhau. 1.6.4. Dch v mng ring o Thoi qua mng ring o ci thin kh nng mng, cho php cc t chc phn tn v mt a l, m rng hn v c th phi hp cc mng ring ang tn ti vi cc phn t ca mng PSTN. D liu VPN cung cp thm kh nng bo mt v cc thuc tnh khc mng ca mng cho php khch hng chia s mng Internet nh mt mng ring o, hay ni cch khc, s dng a ch IP chia s nh mt VPN. 1.6.5. Tnh ton mng cng cng Cung cp cc dch v tnh ton da trn c s mng cng cng cho thng mi v cc khch hng. V d nh cung cp mng cng cng c th cung cp kh nng lu tr v x l ring ( chng hn nh lm ch mt trang web, lu tr/ bo v/ d phng cc file s liu hay chy mt ng dng tnh
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ton). Nh mt s la chn, cc nh cung cp dch v mng cng cng c th cung cp cc dch v thng mi c th (nh hoch nh ti nguyn cng ty (ERPEnterprise Resource Planning), d bo thi gian, ha n chng thc,) vi tt c hoc mt phn cc lu tr v x l xy ra trn mng. Nh cung cp dch v c th tnh cc theo gi, ngy, tun, hay theo ph bn quyn i vi dch v. 1.6.6. Bn tin hp nht H tr cung cp cc dch v voice mail, email, fax mail, pages qua cc giao din chung. Thng qua cc giao din ny, ngi s dng s truy nhp (cng nh c thng bo) tt c cc loi tin nhn trn, khng ph thuc vo hnh thc truy nhp (hu tuyn hay v tuyn, my tnh, thit b d liu v tuyn). c bit k thut chuyn i li ni sang file vn bn v ngc li c thc hin server ng dng cn phi c s dng dch v ny. 1.6.7. Mi gii thng tin Bao gm qung co, tm kim v cung cp thng tin n khch hng tng ng vi nh cung cp. V d nh khch hng c th nhn thng tin trn c s cc tiu chun c th hay trn cc c s tham chiu c nhn, 1.6.8. Thng mi in t Cho php khch hng mua hng ha, dch v c x l bng in t trn mng; c th bao gm c vic x l tin trnh, kim tra thng tin thanh ton tin, cung cp kh nng bo mt, Ngn hng ti nh v i ch ti nh nm trong danh mc cc dch v ny; bao gm c cc ng dng thng mi, v d nh qun l dy chuyn cung cp v cc ng dng qun l tri thc. Dch v thng mi in t cn c m rng sang lnh vc di ng. chnh l dch v thng mi in t di ng (mcommerce Mobile Commerce). C nhiu khi nim khc nhau v m-commerce, nhng ta c th hiu y l dch v cho php ngi s dng tham gia vo th trng thng

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mi in t (mua v bn) qua cc thit b di ng cm tay. 1.6.9. Dch v chuyn cuc gi Mt thu bao c th chuyn mt cuc gi thng thng n trung tm phn phi cuc gi bng cch kch chut trn mt trang web. Cuc gi c th xc nh ng n mt agent thch hp, m n c th nm bt c u thm ch c nh (nh trung tm xp hng ging nhau n cc agent. Cc agent c cc truy nhp in t n cc khch hng, cuc gi o Vitual Call Center). Cc cuc gi thoi cng nh cc tin nhn e-mail c th c danh mc, ngun cung cp v thng tin yu cu, c th c truyn qua li gia khch hng v agent. 1.6.10. Tr chi tng tc trn mng Cung cp cho khch hng mt phng thc gp nhau trc tuyn v to ra cc tr chi tng tc (chng hn nh video games) 1.6.11. Thc t o phn tn Tham chiu n s thay i c to ra c tnh cht k thut ca cc s kin, con ngi, a im, kinh nghim, ca th gii thc, nhng ngi tham d v cc nh cung cp kinh nghim o l phn tn v a l. Dch v ny yu cu s phi hp rt phc tp ca cc ti nguyn khc nhau. 1.6.12. Qun l ti gia Vi s ra i ca cc thit b mng thng minh, cc dch v ny c th gim st v iu khin cc h thng bo v ti nh, cc h thng ang hot ng, cc h thng gii tr, v cc cng c khc ti nh. Gi s nh chng ta ang xem ti vi v c chung ca, khng vn g c, ta ch vic s dng iu khin ti vi t xa xem c trn mn hnh ai ang ng trc ca nh mnh. Hoc chng hn nh chng ta c th quan st c ngi nh ca mnh trong khi ang i xa, hoc quan st c ngi trng tr ang chm sc em b nh th no khi ta ang lm vic ti c quan.

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1.7. CC GIAO THC BO HIU V IU KHIN TRONG MNG NGN Kin trc ca mng NGN l kin trc phn tn v th m cc chc nng bo hiu v x l bo hiu, chuyn mch, iu khin cuc gi,c thc hin bi cc thit b nm phn tn trong cu hnh mng. c th to ra cc kt ni gia cc u cui nhm cung cp dch v, cc thit b ny phi trao i cc thng tin bo hiu v diu khin c vi nhau. Cch thc trao i cc thng tin bo hiu v iu khin c quy nh trong cc giao thc bo hiu v iu khin c s dng trong mng. V c bn, trong mng NGN c cc giao thc bo hiu v iu khin sau: H.323 SIP BICC SIGTRAN MGCP, MEGACO/H.248 Cc giao thc ny c th phn thnh 2 loi: cc giao thc ngang hng (H.323, SIP, BICC) v cc giao thc ch t (MGCP, MEGACO/H.248) nh. S khc nhau c bn gia hai cch tip cn ny l ch kh nng thng minh c phn b nh th no gia cc thit b bin ca mng v cc server. S la chn cch no l ph thuc vo chi ph h thng, trin khai dch v, kh thi. Mt gii php tng th s dng u im ca c hai cch tip cn nn c xem xt.

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Hnh 1.4: Cc giao thc bo hiu v iu khin trong mng NGN Kt lun chng: Xu hng mng NGN l xu hng pht trin ca mng vin thng, thng tin hin ti. Ngy cng nhiu cc t chc cc t chc cc hng tp chung vo nghin cu vo vn ny. Chng 1 gii thiu chung v mng NGN, tm hiu v s hnh thnh pht trin mng NGN, khi nim c im ca mng, nhng cng ngh chuyn mch, truyn dn, truy nhp trong mng, kin trc ca mng v nhng dch v m mng cng cp. Trn c s gii thiu v giao thc bo hiu iu khin trong mng, ng thi xc nh cc giao thc cn tp trung nghin cu chng tip theo nh l: B giao thc H323 Cc giao thc khi to phin SIP Cc giao thc iu khin cuc gi c lp knh mang BICC Giao thc iu khin Gateway truyn thng MGCP v MEGACO SIGTRAN- Gii php truyn ti bo hiu SS7 qua mng IP
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CHNG 2 GIAO THC BO HIU V IU KHIN TRONG MNG NGN 2.1. B GIAO THC H.323 Khi cp n thoi IP, tiu chun quc t thng c cp n l H.323. Giao thc H.323 l chun do ITU-T SG 16 pht trin cho php truyn thng a phng tin qua cc h thng da trn mng chuyn mch gi,v d nh Internet. N c ITU_T ban hnh ln u tin vo nm 1996 v gn y nht l nm 1998. H.323 l chun ring cho cc thnh phn mng, cc giao thc v cc th tc cung cp cc dch v thng tin multimedia nh: audio thi gian thc, video v thng tin d liu qua cc mng chuyn mch gi, bao gm cc mng da trn giao thc IP. Tp giao thc H.323 c thit k hot ng trn tng truyn vn ca cc mng c s. Tuy nhin khuyn ngh H.323 rt chung chung nn t c coi l tiu chun c th. Trong thc t, hon ton c th thit k mt h thng hon ton thoi tun th H.323 m khng cn n IP. Khuyn ngh ny ch a ra yu cu v "giao din mng gi" ti thit b kt cui. Ban u H.323 d nh ginh cho X.25, FrameRelay sau l ATM, nhng gi y li l TCP/IP, trong khi c rt t H.323 c vn hnh trn mng X.25 v ATM.

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2.1.1. Cu trc ca H.323

Hnh 2.1: Kin trc mng H.323 v cc phn t V chc nng khi nim Media Gateway ca NGN v mng H.323 l tng t nh nhau do phn ny ch cp n cc u cui H323 m cha cp hay c phn t tng ng trong mng NGN cp trn. Nh trn hnh ta thy cu trc ca H323 gm cc phn t nh sau: 2.1.1.1. Thit b u cui

Hnh 2.2:Cu trc thit b u cui H.323 Cc thit b nm ngoi phm vi khuyn ngh H.323

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- Thit b vo ra Video. - Thit b vo ra Audio. - Thit b vo ra s liu. - Giao din mng LAN. - Giao din ngi s dng. Cc phn t nm trong phm vi khuyn ngh H.323 - B m ho v gii m Video. - B m ho v gii m Audio. - B m nhn d liu. - Khi iu khin h thng. Khi iu khin theo chun H.245 S dng knh iu khin H.245 mang cc bn tin iu khin im im iu khin hot ng ca thc th H.323 bao gm : kh nng trao i, m v ng cc knh logic, cc yu cu ch hot ng thch hp, iu khin lung bn tin, pht cc lnh v cc ch th. iu khin bo hiu cuc gi S dng bo hiu cuc gi theo khuyn ngh H.225 thit lp mt kt ni gia hai u cui H.323. Knh bo hiu cuc gi c lp vi knh RAS v knh iu khin H.245. Trong h thng khng c Gatekeeper th knh bo hiu cuc gi c thit lp gia hai u cui H.323 tham gia cuc gi. Cn trong h thng c Gatekeeper th knh bo hiu cuc gi c thit lp gia cc u cui v Gatekeeper hoc gia hai u cui vi nhau, vic la chn phng n thit lp knh bo hiu cuc gi nh th no l do Gatekeeper quyt nh. Chc nng bo hiu RAS S dng cc bn tin H.225 thc hin: ng k, cho php dch v, thay i bng thng, trng thi, cc th tc tch ri gia cc u cui v Gatekeeper.

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2.1.1.2. Gatekeeper Mt min H.323 trn c s mng IP l tp hp tt c cc u cui c gn vi mt b danh. Mi min c qun tr bi mt Gatekeeper duy nht, l trung tm u no, ng vai tr gim st mi hot ng trong min . y l thnh phn tu chn trong h thng VoIP theo chun H.323. Tuy nhin nu c mt Gatekeeper trong mng th cc u cui H.323 v cc Gateway phi hot ng theo cc dch v ca Gatekeeper . Mi thng tin trao i ca Gatekeeper u c nh ngha trong RAS. Mi ngi dng ti u cui c Gatekeeper gn cho mt mc u tin duy nht. Mc u tin ny rt cn thit cho c ch bo hiu cuc gi m cng mt lc mhiu ngi s dng. H.323 nh ngha c nhng tnh cht bt buc ti thiu phi c cho Gatekeeper v nhng c tnh tu chn.
-

Cc chc nng bt buc ti thiu ca mt Gatekeeper gm : Phin dch Cc chc nng tu chn ca Gatekeeper gm c: Bo hiu iu khin

a ch, iu khin cho php truy nhp, iu khin di thng, qun l vng
-

cuc gi, cp php cho cuc gi, qun l cuc gi. Gatekeeper hot ng hai ch : - Ch trc tip: Gatekeeper ch c nhim v cung cp a ch ch m khng tham gia vo cc hot ng kt ni khc. - Ch chn ng: Gatekeeper l thnh phn trung gian, chuyn tip mi thng tin trao i gia cc bn. Gatekeeper phi thc hin cc chc nng sau: - Chc nng dch a ch: Gatekeeper s thc hin chuyn i a ch hnh thc (dng tn gi hay a ch hp th ) ca mt u cui hay Gateway sang a ch truyn dn (a ch IP). Vic chuyn i c thc hin bng cch s dng bn i chiu a ch c cp nht thng xuyn bi cc bn tin ng k.

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- iu khin truy cp: Gatekeeper cho php mt truy cp mng LAN bng cch s dng cc bn tin H.225 l ARQ/ACF/ARJ. Vic iu khin ny da trn s cho php cuc gi, bng thng, hoc mt vi thng s khc do nh sn xut quy nh. N c th l chc nng rng c ngha l chp nhn mi yu cu truy nhp ca u cui. - iu khin rng bng thng: Gatekeeper h tr cc bn tin BRQ/BRJ/BCF cho vic qun l bng thng. N c th l chc nng rng ngha l chp nhn mi yu cu thay i bng thng. - Qun l vng: y ch vng l tp hp tt c cc phn t H.323 gm thit b u cui, Gateway, MCU c ng k hot ng vi Gatekeeper thc hin lin lc gia cc phn t trong vng hay t vng ny sang vng khc. Cc chc nng khng bt buc ca Gatekeeper: - iu khin bo hiu cuc gi - Cho php cuc gi - Qun l bng thng - Qun l cuc gi 2.1.1.3. Khi iu khin a im MCU Khi iu khin a im c s dng khi mt cuc gi hay hi ngh cn gi nhiu kt ni hot ng. Do c mt s hu hn cc kt ni ng thi, nn cc MCU gim st s tho thun gia cc u cui v s kim tra mi u cui v cc kh nng m chng c th cung cp cho hi ngh hoc cuc gi. Cc MCU gm hai phn: B iu khin a im (MC) v B x l a im (MP). B iu khin a im c trch nhim trong vic tho thun v quyt nh kh nng ca cc u cui. Trong khi b x l a im c s dng x l a phng tin (multimedia), cc lung trong sut qu trnh ca mt

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hi ngh hoc mt cuc gi a im. MP c th khng c hoc c rt nhiu v chng c trch nhim trn v chuyn mch cc lung phng tin truyn t v vic x l cc bt d liu m thanh v hnh nh. MC khng phi tng tc trc tip vi cc lung phng tin truyn t, l cng vic ca MP. Cc MC v MP c th ci t nh mt thit b c lp hoc l mt phn ca cc phn t khc ca H.323. 2.1.2. Tp giao thc H.323

Hnh 2.3: Chng giao thc H.323 2.1.2.1. Bo hiu RAS Cung cp cc th tc iu khin tin cuc gi trong mng H.323 c GK. Knh bo hiu RAS c thit lp gia cc u cui v cc GK trc cc knh khc. N c lp vi knh bo hiu cuc gi v knh iu khin H.245. Cc bn tin RAS c truyn qua mng thng qua kt ni UDP, thc hin vic ng k, cho php, thay i bng thng, trng thi v cc th tc hu b cuc gi. Bo hiu RAS gm nhng qu trnh sau: - Tm GateKeeper: Tm GK l mt qu trnh m mt u cui dng xc nh GK no n ng k vi GK . - ng k: ng k l mt qu trnh cho php GW, cc u cui v MCU tham gia vo mt vng v bo cho GK bit a ch truyn vn v a ch b

39

danh ca n. - Qu trnh nh v u cui: Khi cc u cui v GK ch c a ch b danh ca mt u cui th chng c th thc hin nh v u cui thu c a ch truyn vn ca u cui. Cc bn tin nh v gi ti a ch knh RAS ca GK hoc a ch qung b tm kim GK. - Cho php, thay i bng thng, trng thi v hu quan h: Knh bo hiu cuc gi cng c s dng truyn nhng bn tin cho php, thay i bng thng, trng thi, hu quan h. Cc bn tin ny c trao i gia mt u cui v GK iu khin cho php v cc chc nng qun l bng thng. 2.1.2.2. Bo hiu iu khin cuc gi H.225 Trong mng H.323, th tc bo hiu cuc gi c da trn khuyn ngh H.225 ca ITU. Khuyn ngh ny ch r cch s dng v tr gip ca cc bn tin bo hiu Q.931. Mt knh iu khin cuc gi tin cy c thit lp qua mng IP trn TCP cng 1720. Cng ny khi to cc bn tin iu khin cuc gi Q.931 gia 2 u cui cho mc ch kt ni, gim st v ngt kt ni cuc gi. Sau khi khi to thit lp cuc gi. Cc bn tin iu khin cuc gi v cc bn tin gi cho knh bo hiu cuc gi tn ti (keepalive) c chuyn ti cc cng. Nhng cng 1720 c nh trc cho cc cuc gi H.323. H.225 cng ch r vic s dng cc bn tin Q.932 cho cc dch v b sung. Cc bn tin Q.931 v Q.932 thng c s dng trong mng H.323:

Setup: c gi t thc th H.323 ch gi c gng thit lp kt ni ti Call Proceeding: thc th b gi gi bn tin ny ti thc th ch gi ch Alerting: c gi t thc th b gi ti thc th ch gi ch th rng

thc th H.323 b gi qua cng 1720 TCP.

th rng th tc thit lp cuc gi c khi to.

chung bn ch bt u rung.

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Connect: c gi t thc th b gi thng bo rng bn b gi tr Release Complete: c gi bi mt u cui khi to ngt kt ni, n

li cuc gi. Bn tin Connnect c th mang a ch truyn vn UDP/IP.

ch th rng cuc gi ang b gii phng. Bn tin ny ch c th c gi i nu knh bo hiu cuc gi c m hoc ang hot ng.

Facility: y l mt bn tin Q.932 dng yu cu hoc phc p cc

dch v b sung. N cng c dng cnh bo rng mt cuc gi s c nh tuyn trc tip hay thng qua GK. nh tuyn knh bo hiu cuc gi Cc bn tin bo hiu cuc gi c th c truyn i theo 2 cch. Phng php th nht l GK nh tuyn bo hiu cuc gi tc l cc bn tin bo hiu cuc gi s c nh tuyn thng qua GK gia cc u cui. Phng php th hai l cc bn tin bo hiu cuc gi c truyn trc tip gia cc u cui. Trong mng H.323 khng c GK, cc bn tin bo hiu c truyn trc tip gia u cui ch gi v b gi bng cch s dng a ch truyn vn bo hiu cuc gi ca u cui b gi do c th truyn thng trc tip vi nhau. 2.1.2.3. Giao thc H.245 H245 x l cc bn tin iu khin t u cui n u cui gia cc thc th H.323. Cc th tc H.245 thit lp cc knh logic cho vic truyn tn hiu m thanh, hnh nh, d liu v thng tin knh iu khin. Bo hiu H.245 c thit lp gia 2 u cui, mt u cui vi mt MC hoc mt u cui vi GK. u cui ch thit lp duy nht mt knh iu khin H.245 cho mi cuc gi m n tham gia. Mt u cui, MCU, GK c th h tr nhiu cuc gi cng mt lc do vy c nhiu knh iu khin H.245 tng ng. Knh iu khin tin cy to ra qua mng IP s dng cng TCP gn ng, thng tin v cng TCP ny c trong bn tin bo hiu cuc gi cui cng (Connect).

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Knh H.245 c s dng mang cc bn in iu khin t u cui n u cui bao gm kh nng trao i, ng m knh logic, yu cu cc ch chun, cc bn tin iu khin lung, cc lnh v cnh bo. iu khin H.245 cho php phn tch kh nng pht v thu nh cc chc nng c th m phn v d nh quyt nh b m ho no c s dng. Khi GK nh tuyn bo hiu cuc gi th c hai phng php nh tuyn knh iu khin H.245 l knh iu khin H.245 c thit lp trc tip gia cc u cui v GK nh tuyn knh iu khin H.245. Khuyn ngh H.245 nh ngha mt s thc th giao thc c lp tr gip cho bo hiu t u cui n u cui nh sau:
Trao i kh nng

Bao gm nhng bn tin cho php xc nh kh nng trao i d liu v m thanh ca tng u cui tham gia cuc gi. N m bo cho bn thu kh nng nhn v x l thng tin u vo m khng b xung t g. Khi bit c kh nng thu ca u cui nhn, th u cui pht s gii hn ni dung thng tin m n truyn i trong khun kh kh nng thu trn. Ngc li, kh nng truyn cho php u cui nhn la chn ch thu thch hp. Vi tn hiu m thanh, kh nng trao i bao gm cc b gii m tn hiu thoi nh h tiu chun G: G.729 8kbps, G.711 64kbps, G.723 5,3 hoc 6,3 kbps, G.722 48kbps...
Quyt nh master-slave

L cc th tc quyt nh u cui no l ch u cui no l t trong mt cuc gi xc nh. Mi quan h nay c duy tr trong sut thi gian cuc gi. Chng dng gii quyt s xung t gia cc u cui c th xy ra khi cc u cui cng yu cu cc hot ng ging nhau trong cng mt thi im. V d nh hai u cui cng tr thnh MC trong mt hi ngh hoc c hai u cui ang c m mt knh hai chiu.

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 Tr vng

L cc th tc dng xc nh tr gia u cui ngun v u cui ch. Bn tin Round Trip Dela Request o tr v kim tra thc th giao thc H.245 u cui bn kia c cn hot ng hay khng.
Bo hiu knh logic

Knh logic dng mang thng tin t bn pht ti mt hoc nhiu bn thu. N c nh danh bi s hiu knh logic, s hiu ny l duy nht vi mi hng truyn dn.
Cc th tc kt ni nhanh

C hai th tc thit lp knh truyn thng l H.245 v kt ni nhanh. Kt ni nhanh cho php s thit lp kt ni truyn thng cho cc cuc gi c bn im ti im vi ch mt ln trao i bn tin vng (bn tin i t u cui ngun ti u cui ch ri li tr v u cui ngun). Theo cch thit lp ny th bn tin thit lp ban u do u cui ch gi gi i phi c trng faststart (khi ng nhanh). Trong trng faststart c s hiu knh logic, dung lng knh truyn thng v cc tham s cn thit bt u v kt thc truyn dn. u cui b gi s tr li bng mt bn tin H.225 (call proceeding, progress, alerting, hoc connect) bao gm trng faststart, n mang thng tin v cc kh nng c chp nhn ca thit b u cui. Lc ny c u cui ch gi v b gi c th bt u truyn media nu trnh t thit lp cuc gi H.225 chuyn sang trng thi kt ni (khi bn tin connect c truyn t u cui b gi v u cui ch gi).
H245 ngm

Cc bn tin H.245 c th c ng gi trong knh bo hiu cuc gi H.225 thay v to ra mt knh iu khin H.245 ring bit. Phng php ny ci thin c thi gian thit lp cuc gi v thi gian nh v ti nguyn.

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ng thi n cho php s ng b gia bo hiu cuc gi v iu khin. C th ng gi nhiu bn tin H.245 vo bt k bn tin H.225 no. Vo mt thi im bt k, mi u cui c th chuyn sang mt kt ni H.245 ring bit. 2.1.3. cc th tc thit lp cuc gi Mt cuc gi tri qua cc bc nh sau:
Thit lp cuc gi. Khi to lin kt v trao i kh nng. Thit lp knh truyn thng nghe nhn. Dch v cuc gi. Kt thc cuc gi.

2.1.3.1. Thit lp cuc gi Trong qu trnh thit lp cuc gi, cc im cui trao i cc bn tin ng tin hnh cc th tc iu khin cuc gi tip theo. im cui A c th gi bn tin Setup n im cui B. Sau khi gi bn tin Setup im cui s phi ch nhn c bn tin Alerting tr li t pha thu bao b gi trong thi gian ch th vi ngi s dng c cuc gi ti. Trong trng hp thoi lin mng s dng gateway th gateway s gi bn tin Alerting khi n nhn c tn hiu chung t pha mng chuyn mch knh SCN. Qu trnh kt thc khi im cui A nhn c bn tin Connect t u cui B. Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi c th c nhng trng hp sau: Cuc gi c bn c hai thit b u cui u khng ng k C hai thu bao u ng k ti mt Gatekeeper Ch c thu bao ch gi ng k vi Gatekeeper Ch c thu bao b gi ng k vi Gatekeeper Hai thu bao cng ng k vi hai Gatekeeper

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Hnh 2.4: Cuc gi c bn khng c gatekeeper 2.1.3.2. Khi to lin kt v trao i kh nng Sau khi c hai im cui thc hin th tc thit lp cuc gi, chng s thit lp knh iu khin H.245 c th trao i kh nng v thit lp knh truyn o. Trong trng hp khng nhn c bn tin Connect hoc mt thu bao gi bn tin Release Complete th knh iu khin H.245 s b ng. Cc thng tin v kh nng c trao i qua bn tin terminalCapabilitySet. y l bn tin u tin c gi xc nh kh nng trao i d liu v m thanh ca mi im cui. Trc khi tin hnh cuc gi mi im cui phi bit c kh nng nhn v gii m tn hiu ca im cui cn li. Bit c kh nng nhn ca im cui nhn, im cui s gii hn truyn thng tin m n truyn i ngc li vi kh nng ca im cui truyn n s cho php im cui nhn chn ch nhn ph hp. Tp hp cc kh nng ca im cui cho nhiu lung thng tin c th c truyn i ng thi v im cui c th khai bo li tp hp cc kh nng ca n bt k lc no. Tp hp cc kh nng ca mi im cui c cung cp trong bn tin terminalCapabilitySet. Sau khi trao i kh nng hai thu bao s thc hin vic quyt nh ch t xc nh vai tr ca hai thu bao trong qu trnh lin lc trnh kh nng
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xung t xy ra khi hai im cui cng thc hin ng thi cc cng vic ging nhau trong khi ch c mt s vic din ra ti mt thi im. 2.1.3.3. Thit lp knh truyn o Sau khi trao i kh nng v xc inh ch t, th tc iu khin knh H.245 s thc hin vic m knh logic truyn thng tin. Cc knh ny l knh H.225. Sau khi m knh logic truyn thng tin th cc im cui s gi i bn tin h2250MaximumSkewIndicaton xc inh thng s truyn. Trong giai on ny cc im cui c th thc hin th tc thay i cu trc knh, thay i kh nng ch truyn cng nh ch nhn. Trong ch truyn mt a ch, mt im cui s m mt knh lo gic n mt im cui khc hoc mt MCU. a ch ca cc knh cha trong bn tin openLogicalChannel v openLogicalChannelAck. Trong ch truyn theo a ch nhm, a ch nhm s c xc inh bi MC v c truyn n cc im cui trong bn tin communicationModeCommand. Mt im cui s bo cho MC vic m mt knh logic vi a ch nhm thng qua bn tin openLogicalChannel v MC s truyn bn tin ti tt c cc im cui trong nhm. 2.1.3.4. Cung cp dch v Dch v cuc gi l nhng s thay i cc tham s cuc gi c tho thun trong 3 giai on trn. Cc dich v cuc gi nh th bao gm c iu chnh bng tn m cuc gi i hi, b sung hoc loi b cc thnh phn tham gia cuc gi hoc trao i trng thi "keep alive gia gateway v /hoc u cui. 2.1.3.5. Gii phng cuc gi Mt thit b u cui c th gii phng cuc gi theo cc bc sau:
(1) Dng vic truyn tn hiu video khi kt thc truyn mt nh, sau

ng tt c cc knh logic phc v vic truyn video.

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(2) Dng vic truyn s liu v ng tt c cc knh logic phc v vic

truyn s liu.
(3) Dng vic truyn tn hiu thoi v ng tt c cc knh logic phc v

vic truyn thoi.

(4) Truyn bn tin endSessionCommand trn knh iu khin H.245 n

im cui bn kia ch th dng cuc gi v dng truyn cc bn tin H.245

(5) Ch nhn c bn tin endSessionCommand t pha im cui bn kia

v sau ng knh iu khin H.245

(6) Nu knh bo hiu cuc gi ang m thit b u cui s gi bn tin

ReleaseComplete ng knh bo hiu cuc gi

(7) Gii phng cuc gi cc lp di.

Trong qu trnh gii phng cuc gi phi tin hnh tun t cc bc t (1) n (7) tr bc (5) c th khng cn nhn bn tin endSessionCommand phc p t pha im cui bn kia. Trong mt cuc gi khng c s tham gia ca gatekeeper ch cn thc hin cc bc t (1) n (6). 2.2. CC GIAO THC KHI TO PHIN SIP SIP l giao thc bo hiu iu khin lp ng dng c dng thit lp, duy tr, kt thc cc phin truyn thng a phng tin (multimedia). Cc phin multimedia bao gm thoi Internet, hi ngh, v cc ng dng tng t c lin quan n cc phng tin truyn t (media) nh m thanh, hnh nh, v d liu. SIP s dng cc bn tin mi (INVITE) thit lp cc phin v mang cc thng tin m t phin truyn dn. SIP h tr cc phin n b v qung b tng ng cc cuc gi im ti im v cuc gi a im. C th s dng nm chc nng ca SIP thit lp v kt thc truyn dn l: nh v thu bao, kh nng thu bao, sn sng ca thu bao, thit lp cuc gi v

47

x l cuc gi. SIP c IETF a ra trong RFC 2543. N l mt giao thc da trn tng v cu trc ca HTTP giao thc trao i thng tin ca World Wide Web- v l mt phn trong kin trc multimedia ca IETF. Cc giao thc c lin quan n SIP bao gm giao thc t trc ti nguyn RSVP, giao thc truyn vn thi gian thc, giao thc cnh bo phin SAP, giao thc miu t phin SDP. Cc chc nng ca SIP c lp, nn chng khng ph thuc vo bt k giao thc no thuc cc giao thc trn. Mt khc, SIP c th hot ng kt hp vi cc giao thc bo hiu khc nh H.323. SIP l mt giao thc theo thit k m do n c th c m rng pht trin thm cc chc nng mi. S linh hot ca cc bn tin SIP cng cho php p ng cc dch v thoi tin tin bao gm c cc dch v di ng. 2.2.1. Cc thnh phn ca SIP

Hnh 2.5: Cc thnh phn trong bo hiu SIP Hai phn t c bn trong h thng SIP l tc nhn ngi s dng (user agent) v cc my phc v mng (network server). Bn ch gi v b gi c nhn dng bng cc a ch SIP.

48

 User agent

User agent l cc ng dng h thng cui khch bao gm UAC (User Agent Client) v UAS (User Agent Server) hay cn gi tng ng l my khch (client), my phc v (server).
- Client (UAC): Khi to cc yu cu SIP v ng vai tr nh tc nhn ch

gi ca ngi dng.
- Server (UAS): Nhn cc yu cu v thay mt cho ngi s dng gi tr

cc p ng, ng vai tr nh tc nhn b gi.

Network server

C hai loi Network server l proxy server v redirect server.

- Proxy server: ng vai tr i din cho cc client. N bao gm c cc

chc nng ca server v client. Mt proxy server thng dch v vit li cc mo u ca cc bn tin yu cu trc khi gi chng n cc server khc. Vic vit li mo u lm cho proxy server ng vai tr nh ni khi to cc yu cu v m bo rng cc p ng s c gi v n thay v n thng client.
- Redirect server: Nhn cc bn tin yu cu ca SIP v gi mt p ng

nh hng li cho client c cha a ch ca server tip theo. Redirect server khng chp nhn cc cuc gi cng nh khng x l hay chuyn tip cc bn tin yu cu ca SIP.

49

2.2.2. Cc bn tin ca SIP Bng 2.1: Cc mo u bn tin SIP

Mo u chung Accept AcceptEncoding AcceptLanguage Call-ID Contact Cseq Date Encryption Expires From RecordRoute Timestamp To Via Mo u thc th ContentEncoding ContentLength ContentType Mo u yu c u Authorization Contact Hide MaxForwards Organization Priority ProxyAuthorization ProxyRequire Route Require ResponseKey Subject Use-Agent Mo u p ng Allow ProxyAuthenticate Retry-After Server Unsupported Warning WWWAuthenticate

SIP l mt giao thc da trn k t vn bn vi c php bn tin v cc trng mo u ng nht vi giao thc truyn siu vn bn HTTP (Hypper Text Transfer Protocol ). SIP c 2 loi bn tin l cc loi bn tin yu cu do cc client to ra v cc bn tin p ng do cc server tr v. Cc bn tin ca SIP truyn trn cng mt kt ni TCP hoc b d liu UDP. Mo u bn tin: Cc mo u bn tin c dng xc nh bn gi, bn b gi, tuyn, kiu bn tin ca cuc gi. C 4 nhm mo u sau:
- Mo u chung : p dng cho cc bn tin yu cu v p ng. - Mo u thc th: Xc nh thng tin v loi v chiu di phn mang bn

50

tin.
- Mo u yu cu: Cho php client thm cc thng tin yu cu ph. - Mo u p ng: Cho php server thm cc thng tin p ng ph.

Cc trng c trong cc mo u c ch ra trong bng Mt vi trng mo u quan trng c gii thch sau y: Bng 2.2: Gii thch mt s trng mo u quan trng
Trng mo To From Subject Via Call- HD Content Content Expires Route Gii thch Xc nh bn nhn yu cu Ch th bn gi yu cu Xc nh bn cht cuc gi Ch th ng i ca yu cu Xc nh duy nht mt li mi c th Xc nh chiu di phn thn bn tin Ch th kiu media ca phn thn bn tin Xc nh ngy, thi gian bn tin Ch th tuyn ca mt yu cu

Cc bn tin yu cu Cc bn tin yu cu c user agent v network server dng nh v, bt u v qun l cuc gi. C su bn tin yu cu. - INVITE: ch th rng thu bao hoc dch v c mi tham gia vo mt phin. N bao gm mt m t phin v i vi cc cuc gi song cng th bn ch gi ch th phng thc truyn thng trong bn tin ny. - ACK: Nhng yu cu ny tng ng vi mt yu cu INVITE. Chng l s xc nhn cui cng t mt h thng cui v chm dt mt giao dch c khi to bi INVITE. - OPTIONS: Bn tin ny cho php truy vn v tp hp cc kh nng ca user agent v network server. Tuy nhin yu cu ny khng c dng thit lp phin. - BYE: Bn ch gi v b gi s dng yu cu ny gii phng cuc gi. Trc khi thc s gii phng cuc gi, user agent gi yu cu ny ti server cnh bo rng n mun gii phng phin lm vic.
51

- CANCEL: Yu cu ny cho php user agent v network server xo b bt k mt yu cu no ang thi hnh. N khng nh hng n cc yu cu c p ng cui cng. - REGISTER: yu cu ny c client dng ng k thng tin nh v vi SIP server. Cc bn tin p ng: Cc bn tin p ng da trn vic nhn v thng dch mt yu cu tng ng. Chng c gi i p ng cc yu cu v ch th cuc gi thnh cng hay tht bi bao gm c trng thi ca server. C 6 lp p ng, m trng thi v cc gii thch ca chng c lit k trong bng.

52

Bng 2.3: Cc p ng SIP

Lp cc dch v Mang thng tin M trng thi 100 180 181 182 200 300 301 302 303 305 380 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 413 414 415 420 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 500 501 502 503 504 505 600 603 604 606 Gii thch ang c th ang chung Cuc gi ang c gi i c t vo hng i OK a la chn Chuyn vnh vin Chuyn tm thi Gp ngi khc S dng Proxy Dch v khc Yu cu sai Khng nhn dng c Yu cu bi thng B cm Khng tm thy Phng php khng c php Khng chp nhn Nhn dng proxy c yu cu yu cu b timeout Xung t ri i Chiu di c yu cu thc th yu cu qu ln URL yu cu qu ln Kiu media khng c h tr S m rng li Tm thi cha sn sng Giao dch khng tn ti pht hin vng qu nhiu bc a ch khng mp m ang bn li trong server Khng c thc hin Cng li Dch v khng c GW b time out phin bn SIP khng c h tr Bn hng khng tn ti Khng chp nhn

Thnh cng

Li pha client

Li server

Li chung

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2.2.3. Kh nng tm gi song song ca SIP y l mt trong nhng chc nng chnh ca Proxy server bn cnh chc nng nhn thc v ng k vi dch v nh v thu bao cung cp cc chc nng sau:
nh tuyn ti v tr vt l ca thu bao. Nu thu bao ng k nhiu thit b u cui th cng mt thi im,

Proxy s thc hin gi bn tin Invite ti mi thit b u cui. V d nh khi thu bao ng k hai thit b u cui th cng mt thi im, Proxy c gng tm thu bao cc v tr vt l v nh tuyn cuc gi ti c hai Sip agent. Nu thu bao nhc my Sip user agent 1 v tr li vi bn tin 200 OK, proxy s kt thc qu trnh thit lp cuc gi ti user agent ny v cng kt thc qu trnh thit lp cuc gi ti SIP user agent 2 bng vic gi bn tin yu cu Cancel. C ch tm thu bao trn c th cho php tm kim nhanh chng thu bao trong mng. c p dng cc dch v nh tin tc v giao thng ti my cm tay, hay cc dch v taxi... Do SIP c kh nng cp nht cc v tr ca thu bao, v sn sng ca cc v tr , nn n c th thc hin cc nh tuyn thng minh hn i vi mng PSTN hin nay.

54

2.2.4. Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi ca SIP Cuc gi theo ch Proxy Server

Hnh 2.6: Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi qua Proxy Server Cc bc thit lp cuc gi trong ch Proxy Server c th hin nh trn hnh:
-

Proxy chp nhn yu cu INVITE t bn ch gi (client). Proxy server xc nh v tr ca bn b gi bng cch s dng cc a ch

c cung cp trong bn tin INVITE v cc dch v nh v (thng thng n tham vn server nh v).
- Proxy server gi yu cu INVITE ti a ch m n va xc nh c. -

Bn b gi (server) cnh bo cho ngi s dng bit v p ng li bng Proxy server li p ng li bn ch gi bng bn tin 200 OK. Bn ch gi xc nhn bng bn tin ACK. Bn tin ny c gi qua Proxy

bn tin thnh cng 200 OK.

-

server hoc c gi trc tip ti bn b gi.

Cuc gi theo ch Redirect Server

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Hnh 2.7: Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi ch Redirect Server Cc bc thit lp cuc gi trong ch Redirect server:
-

Redirect server chp nhn yu cu INVITE t bn ch gi v xc nh v Sau khi xc nh c v tr ca thu bao th Redirect server gi trc

tr ca bn b gi.
-

tip a ch va nhn c cho pha ch gi.

- Bn ch gi gi bn tin ACK ti Redirect server hon tt phin giao

dch.
- Bn ch gi gi trc tip yu cu INVITE ti bn b gi.

- Bn b gi p ng bng bn tin 200 OK v bn ch gi xc nhn bng bn tin ACK. 2.2.5. So snh SIP vi H.323 Gia H.323 v SIP c nhiu im tng ng. C hai u cho php iu khin, thit lp v hu cuc gi. C H.323 v SIP u h tr tt c cc dch v cn thit, tuy nhin c mt s im khc bit gia hai chun ny. l

H.323 h tr hi ngh a phng tin rt phc tp. Hi ngh H.323 v

nguyn tc c th cho php cc thnh vin s dng nhng dch v nh bng thng bo, trao i d liu, hoc hi ngh video.

SIP h tr SIP-CGI (SIP-Common Gateway Interface) v CPL (Call

56

Processing Language).

SIP h tr iu khin cuc gi t mt u cui th 3. Hin nay H.323 Bng 2.4: So snh H.323 vi SIP

ang c nng cp h tr chc nng ny.

SIP T chc IETE Quan h kt ni Ngang cp Khi im Da trn mng Internet v Wed. C php v bn tin tng t nh HTTP u cui u cui thng minh SIP Cc Server li Tnh hnh hin nay

H.323 ITU Ngang cp C s l mng thoi. Giao thc bo hiu tun theo chun ISDN Q.SIG. u cui thng minh H.323

Khun dng bn tin Tr thit lp cuc 1.5 RTT ( round trip time, tc chu gi k gi bn tin v nhn bn tin tr li hay xc nhn ) Gim st trng C 2 la chn: ch trong thi gian thi cuc gi thit lp cuc gi hoc sut thi gian cuc gi Bo hiu qung b C h tr ( cho c nhm ) Cht S dng cc giao thc khc lng dch v nh RSVP, OPS, OSP m bo cht lng dch v Bo mt

SIP proxy, redirect, location v H.323 Gatekeeper registration servers Giai on th nghim kh nng dc s dng rng ri. cng hot ng ca cc thit b ca cc nh cung cp khc nhau kt thc. SIP nhanh chng tr nn ph bin hn Text, UTF-8 Nh phn ASN-1 PER 6-7 RTT hoc hn Phin bn 1 v 2: my ch phi gim st trong sut thi gian cuc gi v phi gi trng thi kt ni TCP Hn ch kh nng m rng v tin cy. Khng Gatekeeper iu khin bng thng. H.323 khuyn ngh dng RSVP lu d ti nguyn mng.

ng k ti registrar server, c xc Ch ng k khi trong mng c nhn u cui v m ho gatekeeper, xc nhn v m ho theo chun H.235.

nh v u cui Dng SIP URL nh a ch. nh v u cui s dng E.164 hoc v nh tuyn nh tuyn nh s dng Redirect v tn o H.323 v phng php nh x cuc Location server a ch nu trong mng c gatekeeper. gi Chc nng nh tuyn do gatekeeper m nhim. Tn nng thoi H tr cc tnh nng ca cuc gi H tr cc tnh nng ca cuc gi c c bn bn Hi ngh Hi ngh c s, qun l phn tn c thit k nhm h tr rt nhiu tnh nng hi ngh, k c thoi, hnh nh v d liu, qun l tp trung ->

57

To tnh nng v dch v mi Kh nng m rng Tch hp vi web

D dng, s dng SIP-CGI v CPL D dng Rt tt, h tr click-to-dial

MC c th tc nghn H.450.1 Hn ch Km

2.2.6. SIP-T Do vn lm vic lin mng gia SIP v PSTN t ra ngy cng cp thit. Nn nhm IETF tp trung nghin cu tm gia nhng vn cn b sung cho giao thc SIP hin ti khi lm vic lin mng vi mng in thoi truyn thng PSTN. Mt khc mt thuc tnh rt quan trng ca bt k mt mng in thoi SIP no l s trong sut mi dch v thoi truyn thng nh ch cuc gi, free phone c trin khai vi cc giao thc mng PSTN nh bo hiu s 7 phi c cung cp bi SIP. Mt thuc tnh quan trng khc ca mng in thoi SIP l kh nng nh tuyn ca cc yu cu SIP. Mt yu cu SIP dng thit lp cuc gi phi cha y thng tin trong header ca n cho php n c nh tuyn ti ch bi Proxy server. Cc tham s chnh ca mt cuc gi nh s b gi phi c truyn ti t bn tin bo hiu s 7 sang cc yu cu ca SIP. SIP-T (SIP Telephone) c gng cung cp mt phng thc tch hp bo hiu thoi vo bn tin SIP. N tho mn hai thuc tnh trn thng qua cc k thut l ng gi v dch. mt gateway SIP-ISUP, bn tin SS7-ISUP c ng gi trong SIP nhng thng tin cn thit cho cc dch v khng b loi b trong cc yu cu ca SIP. Tuy nhin, Proxy server ci m chu trch nhim cc quyt nh nh tuyn, khng i hi phi hiu ISUP, do ng thi nhng thng cn thit nht c dch t mt bn tin ISUP sang cc mo u tng ng ca SIP quyt nh cc yu cu ca SIP s c nh tuyn

58

nh th no. Trong khi SIP thun ty c mi cng c cn thit cho vic thit lp v kt thc cuc gi. N khng c mt c ch no mang nhng thng tin trong thi gian cuc gi nh truy xut ISUP INF/INR. Do cn phi c mt s cung cp vic truyn nhng thng tin tu bin ca lp ng dng trn. Bng 2.5: Cc yu cu lin mng gia SS7-SIP
Cc yu cu lin mng gia SS7-SIP Trong sut bo hiu ISUP Cc chc nng ca SIP-T ng gi bn tin ISUP trong bn tin SIP Kh nng nh tuyn bn tin SIP ph Dch cc thng tin ca thuc vo ISUP ISUP vo mo u ca SIP Chuyn tip cc bn tin bo hiu ca S dng phng php ISUP trong thi gian cuc gi INFO

2.3. GIAO THC IU KHIN CUC GI C LP KNH MANG BICC 2.3.1. Tng quan v BICC Song song vi xu hng pht trin mng NGN, th cc nh iu hnh mng tin hnh nghin cu pht trin cc giao thc bo hiu iu khin cuc gi mi cho cc mng bng thng rng m in hnh y l IP. Mt trong nhng xut a ra l tch bit chc nng iu khin cuc gi v chc iu khin knh mng trong mng PSTN/ISDN. Giao thc ISUP ng nht nh hin nay trong bo hiu s 7 c sa i theo quan im . Kt qu, xut hin mt giao thc mi BICC. 39BICC do ITU-T pht trin cho php tng thch vi 100% mng hin ti v lm vic c trn bt k mi trng no khc c th truyn thoi vi cht lng chp nhn c. N c nhng c im sau:
Thc hin chc nng iu khin cuc gi, c lp vi cc giao thc iu

khin knh mang.

N mang nhng thng tin bt buc cho php cc u cui tm c s

59

tng quan gia iu khin cuc gi v knh mng.

N cng c cc chc nng kt hp vi knh mang nh kho, loi b

ting vng c th c thc hin bi iu khin knh mang, v bo hiu cho loi b ting vng c thc hin bi giao thc iu khin cuc gi.
BICC cung cp cc dch v ISDN bng hp qua mng xng sng bng

rng m khng nh hng g n cc giao din vi cc mng ISDN bng hp hin c v cc dch v u cui n u cui.
Giao thc bo hiu iu khin cuc gi BICC c vit da trn bo

hiu ISUP bng hp.

Giao thc bo hiu iu khin cuc gi BICC da trn cc giao thc bo

hiu iu khin knh mang khc nhau nh IP, DSS2, AAL 1, AAL 2...
BICC c th khng bit giao thc iu khin knh mang hin ang s

dng. Cc thng tin bt buc c s dng tham chiu cho knh mang. BICC nh ngha cc tp chc nng sau:

BICC CS1:
- Cc qu trnh thit lp knh mang forward v backward. - Truyn vn thng tin iu khin cuc gi s dng MTP SS7 hay ATM. - H tr hu ht cc dch v bng hp hin c. - a ra khi nim mi Kt ni mng xng sng (BNC Backbone

Network Connection) c hoc khng c m phn v m ho. v cho php dng li cc BNC ri.
- Phn tch gii phng cuc gi v kt ni mng xng sng BNC. - Cc kiu truyn vn knh mang c h tr l : AAL 1 v AAL2.

BICC CS2:
- BICC CS2 c xy dng trn BICC CS1 - Xy dng da trn BICC CS2, c m tng cho tng i ni ht. - H tr knh mang IP.

60

- H tr truyn vn bo hiu IP. - H tr cu trc ALL1. - H tr chc nng im dn xp cuc gi CMN.

2.3.2. Kin trc ca BICC 2.3.2.1. M hnh mng

Hnh 2.8: M hnh chc nng ca BICC CS1 Hnh trn th hin y m hnh chc nng ca mt mng BICC vi cc thut ng sau: - Chc nng iu khin knh mang BCF: C 4 loi BCF c nh ngha l BCF- N, BCF-T, BCF-G v BCF-R. Cc BCF-N, BCF-T v BCF-G cung cp chc nng iu khin chuyn mch knh mang, kh nng truyn thng vi CSF ca n, v cc tnh nng bo hiu cn thit cho vic thit lp v gii phng knh mang vi BCF ngang hng vi n. BCF-R cung cp tnh nng iu khin chuyn mch knh mang v chuyn tip cc yu cu bo hiu iu khin knh mang cho BCF tip theo hon thnh th tc bo hiu iu khin knh mang t u cui n u cui. - Chc nng lm vic lin mng knh mang (BIWF): l thc th chc nng cung cp chc nng iu khin knh mang v chc nng chuyn mch trong im dch v. Mt BIWF cha 1 BCF. - im dn xp cuc gi (CMN): Mt thc th chc nng cung cp cc tnh
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nng ca CSF m khng gn vi 1 thc th BCF no. - Chc nng dch v cuc gi CSF): c 4 kiu CSF c nh ngha: Chc nng ca im dch v cuc gi (CSF-N) l cung cp cc hot ng iu khin dch v ca node gn vi dch v bng hp bng cc h lm vic lin mng vi bng hp v knh mang c lp vi bo hiu, bo hiu cho CSF ngang hng vi cc thuc tnh cuc gi v lin kt vi chc nng iu khin knh mang ca node truyn vn cc dch v knh mang bng hp qua mng backbone. Chc nng chuyn tip dch v cuc gi (CSF-T): cung cp kh nng chuyn tip dch v cn thit cho vic thit lp v duy tr cuc gi mng backbone v knh mang tng ng bng vic chuyn tip bo hiu gia cc CSF ngang hng, ng thi vin ti BCF-T ca n truyn vn cc dch v knh mang bng hp qua mng backbone. Chc nng cng dch v cuc gi (CSF-G) cung cp cc hot ng cn thit ca mt gateway dch v thit lp v duy tr mt cuc gi mng backbone bng cch chuyn tip bo hiu gia cc CSF ngang h ng v vin ti BCF-G ca n truyn vn cc dch v knh mang bng hp gia cc mng backbone vi nhau. Chc nng dn xp dch v cuc gi (CSF-C) cung cp tnh nng dn xp cuc gi v cc hot ng cn thit thit lp v duy tr cuc gi mng backbone bng vic chuyn mch bo hiu gia cc CSF ngang hng. CSF-C khng kt hp vi bt k BCF no, n ch c chc nng iu khin cuc gi. - im phc v cng (GSN): cung cp chc nng gateway gia hai min mng. Thc th chc nng ny cha CSF-G, v mt hay nhiu BIWF tng tc vi cc GSN khc, trong min mng backbone khc v cc ISN, TSN khc trong min mng backbone ca n.

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- im phc v giao din (Interface Serving Node ISN): l mt thc th chc nng cung cp giao din vi mng chuyn mch knh, n bao gm chc nng CSF- N v mt hay nhiu BIWF. - im chuyn mch (SWN): cung cp chc nng chuyn mch trong mng backbone. Thc th chc nng ny bao gm mt BCF-R. SWN tng tc vi cc SWN v BIWF khc trong min mng backbone ca chng. - im phc v chuyn tip (TSN): cung cp tnh nng chuyn tip gia hai SN. Thc th chc nng ny bao gm CSF-T v h tr mt hai nhiu BIWF. TSN tng tc vi cc TSN, GSN v ISN trong min mng ca chng.

2.3.2.2. M hnh giao thc BICC

63

Hnh 2.9: M hnh giao thc BICC

-

Khi th tc BICC bao gm cc chc nng ca cc phn t CSF. Cc chc nng giao thc ca phn t BCF trong m hnh chc nng c phn b chc nng mapping v khi iu khin knh mang. Cc chc nng khc c trong phn t BCF. V d nh iu khin chuyn mch khng c th hin trn hnh.
-

Thc th BICC gi v nhn cc s kin bo hiu knh mang t BCF Thc th BICC gi v nhn cc bn tin BICC thng qua giao din

thng qua giao din chung ti khi chng nng mapping.

-

chung ti b chuyn i truyn vn bo hiu STC. 2.4. GIAO THC IU KHIN GATEWAY TRUYN THNG MGCP V MEGACO 2.4.1. MGCP MGCP l giao thc iu khin cc cng VoIP t cc thit b iu khin cuc gi nh MGC hay Call Agent. S pht trin ca MGCP c m rng do nh hng ca s xung t gia cc phn kin ngh cho vic tch ri ha kin trc GW. MGCP l s b sung ca c hai giao thc SIP v H.323, c thit k c bit nh
64

mt giao thc bn trong gia cc MG v cc MGC cho vic tch ho kin trc GW. Trong , MGC x l cuc gi bng vic giao tip vi mng IP qua truyn thng vi mt thit b bo hiu a ch ging nh H.323 GK hoc SIP Server v vi mng chuyn mch knh qua mt GW bo hiu tu chn. MGC thc hin y chc nng ca lp bo hiu trong H.323 v nh mt H.323 GK. MG c nhim v chuyn i gia dng tn hiu analog t cc mch in thoi, vi cc gi tin trong mng chuyn mch gi. MGCP hon ton tng thch vi VoIP GW. N cung cp mt gii php m cho truyn thng qua mng v s cng tn ti vi H.323 v SIP. 2.4.1.1. Kin trc v cc thnh phn MGCP MGCP da trn m hnh Client/Server. Ging nh cc giao thc khc, MGCP s dng giao thc SDP m t phng thc truyn thng v s dng RTP/RCTP cho vic vn chuyn v gim st truyn tin. MGCP nh ngha cc thc th im cui (Endpoint-E) v cc kt ni (Connection-C). E l cc ngun d liu c th l vt l hoc logic. Vic to ngun vt l i hi phi thit lp phn cng, chng hn nh giao tip qua mt GW v kt thc mt kt ni ti mng chuyn mch knh PSTN, cn ngun logic to ra t phn mm nh ngun ting ni. Kt ni c th l kt ni im im hoc a im, c th c thit lp qua rt nhiu thnh phn mang trn mng, nh gi tin thoi dng RTP trn mng TCP/UDP, dng AAL2 cho mng ATM. Cc hot ng ca MGCP l cc bo hiu (Signal-S) gi t MGC ti MG v cc kt qu (Event-E) do MG gi ti MGC. Quan h gia MG v MGC (hay CA) c th hin trn hnh .

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Hnh 2.10: Quan h gia MG v MGC Qu trnh thit lp gia hai u cui ti cc Gateway cng c qun l bi MGC din ra nh sau: - MGC gi CreatConnection ti GW u tin. GW s nh v cc ti nguyn cn thit v gi tr cc thng tin cn thit cho kt ni nh a ch IP, cng UDP, cc tham s cho qu trnh ng gi. Cc thng tin ny c chuyn tip qua MGC. - MGC gi CreatConnection ti GW th hai cha cc thng tin chuyn tip trn. GW ny tr v cc thng tin m t phin ca n. - MGC gi lnh ModifyConnection ti u cui th nht. Qu trnh kt ni thnh cng sau khi hon tt cc bc trn. MGCP nh ngha 3 bo hiu: Bng 2.6: Cc bo hiu trong MGCP
Khai bo Xa kt ni Khi ng li qu trnh Cc s kin c quan st trn Gateway Xa mt kt ni, gii phng ti nguyn Xa mi dch v ti u cui, khi to li tin trnh kt ni

MGCP cng nh ngha 8 lnh trao i thng tin gia cc MGC vi cc u cui:

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Bng 2.7: cc lnh trao i thng tin trong MGCP

Cu hnh kt cui Yu cu khai bo To kt ni Sa kt ni Xa kt ni Kim ton u cui Kim ton kt ni Thng bo thm d MGC cho Gateway bit tn lut m ho tn hiu. Trong trng hp ting ni l lut hoc lut A. Yu cu Gateway gi cc thng bo v cc s kin din ra mt u cui no M mt kt ni gia hai u cui Thay i cc tham s trong mt kt ni c m trc ng mt kt ni. Lnh ny c th c gi bi MGC, Gateway. p ng ca lnh ny tr v cc thng tin tng hp trong sut qu trnh kt ni MGC tm kim thng tin v trng thi ti mt ucui no MGC gi yu cu tr v cc thng s trong mt kt ni c m a s kin thng bo

2.4.1.2. Thit lp cuc gi thng qua MGCP

Hnh 2.11: Thit lp cuc gi gia thu bao A v thu bao B thng qua MGCP

Khi my in thoi A c nhc ln Gateway A gi bn tin cho MGC. - Gateway A to m mi quay s v nhn s b gi. - S b gi c gi cho MGC. - MGC xc nh nh tuyn cuc gi nh th no: - MGC gi lnh cho Gateway B. - Gateway B chung my B. - MGC gi lnh cho Gateway A v B to phin kt ni RTP/RTCP.

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2.4.1.3. nh gi MGCP Cc u im ca MGCP l: MGCP c bit hu ch i vi cc ng dng trin khai ln, cc h thng phc tp. N cho php tch hp tt vi mng SS7, to s thun tin cho qu trnh iu khin v x l cc cuc gi. MGCP phn tch ring bit hai chc nng chnh l chc nng iu khin lung phng thc v chc nng bo hiu nn vic thi hnh d dng hn. Tuy nhin n vn c nhc im l tr nn qu phc tp i vi cc ng dng nh. Ngoi ra n ch tp trung vo vic chuyn i gia cc lung phng thc. Giao thc ny c hon thin trong chun H.248/ Megaco thng 11/2000 vi s hp tc gia hai t chc ITU v IETF. 2.4.2. MEGACO MEGACO/H248 l phin bn tip theo ca MGCP. Trn hnh v m t qu trnh chun ho giao thc gia MediaGateway v Call agent. IPDC c xut bi Level3 v mt nhm cc nh sn xut khc vo nm 1998. Song song vi IPDC cc nh nhin cu thuc Bellcore cng a ra mt giao thc tng t l SGCP (Simple gateway control Protocol th nhng khc vi IPDC, SGPC ch thc hin c trn cc thit b th nghim ch khng thng mi ho c. Sau IETF xut MGCP nh l mt giao thc m kt hp c nhng tng ca hai giao thc ni trn, sau IETF cng vi ITU pht trin tip thnhMAGECO/H248. MEGACO l trung tm ca vic thc hin gii php thoi qua gi VoIP. N c th tch hp tr thnh sn phm nh tng i trung tm, my ch truy nhp mng. Modem cp, PBX, in thoi IP...

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Hnh 2.12: Qu trnh chun ha MEGACO MEGACO cung cp mt gii php ton din cho vic iu khin cc MG. Cng nh vi cc th h trc ca vic iu khin cc cng truyn thng MEGACO cng hot ng trn nguyn tc l ton b s thng minh trong qu trnh x l cuc gi u thuc v MGC. MG s khng nh c cc thng tin ca trng thi cuc gi, n ch cung cp kh nng kt ni cho cc dng media khc nhau di s iu khin ca MGC, v kh nng tch sng ri truyn ti cc loi tn hiu khc nhau m kt hp mt cch tng ng vi cc dng media . MEGACO xem cc MG nh mt tp hp cc u cui m mi ci s i din cho mt loi dng media xc nh. Mt u cui c th c mt thc th vt l c nh chng hn nh mt ng analog hay mt khe thi gian trong mt giao din TDM, hoc c th l mt thc th logic nh mt dng lu lng gi VolP. Cc u cui logic c th c thit lp hoc c gii phng bi cc lnh ca MEGACO. MEGACO c thit k tr thnh mt giao thc c th m rng. Kh nng m rng ny khc phc c nhiu nhc im chnh ca cc giao thc iu khin cng truyn thng trc y nh MGCP, v n gii quyt c nhng i hi ca giao thc thoi gi VoIP, v bi v n cng cp phng thc thc hin c nhng dch v in thoi analog a dng ph
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thuc vo nhiu nc khc nhau. MEGACO l mt phng thc truyn ti khng ph thuc vo cc giao thc khc, mc d c tnh k thut ca n cha mt vi phc lc m t vic s dng c TCP/IP v UDP/IP nh nhng tu chn truyn ti nhng phn ln cc hot ng ca chuyn mch mm u ph hp vi vic s dng truyn ti da trn c s IP ca MEGACO. 2.5. SIGTRAN GII PHP TRUYN TI BO HIU SS7 QUA MNG IP SIGTRAN l giao thc tin cy truyn ti cc bn tin SS7 qua mng IP. Cu trc gm 2 thnh phn: giao thc truyn ti chung cho cc lp giao thc SS7 v module tng thch gi lp cc lp thp hn ca giao thc. V d nu m un x l SS7 trong Softswitch x l bn tin MTP lp 3, th giao thc sigtran cung cp cc chc nng tng ng vi cc chc nng ca MTP lp 2. Nu n x l mc ISUP v SCCP, th giao thc sigtran cung cp chc nng ging nh MTP lp 2 v lp 3, tng t i vi TCAP. Do SIGTRAN l mt tp cc giao thc gi lp (thc hin adaptation) SS7 trong mng IP. SIGTRAN cung cp tt c cc chc nng cn thit h tr cho bo hiu SS7 qua mng IP, bao gm: iu khin lung Phn phi tun t cc bn tin trong cc lung iu khin c lp. Ch ra im bo hiu ngun v ch. Ch ra knh thoi. Pht hin li, truyn li v cc th tc sa sai khc. Khi phc li cc thnh phn nm trong cc ng chuyn tip. iu khin trnh nghn trn Internet. Xc nh trng thi ca cc thc th trn mng (ang phc v, ngng
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phc v). H tr c ch bo mt bo v cc thng tin bo hiu. M rng kh nng h tr v bo mt v cc yu cu pht trin v sau. 2.5.1. Kin trc giao thc SIGTRAN

Hnh 2.13: M hnh kin trc giao thc SIGTRAN M hnh kin trc SIGTRAN bao gm 3 phn t: - Giao thc IP - Giao thc truyn vn bo hiu chung: y l mt giao thc h tr mt tp chung cc chc nng truyn vn cho truyn vn bo hiu. - Mt lp tng thch h tr cc dch v c bn, c yu cu bi cc giao thc ng dng bo hiu c th. C rt nhiu giao thc lp tng thch c nh ngha bi IETF: M2PA, M2UA, M3UA, SUA v IUA. Nhng ch c mt giao thc c thc hin ti mt thi im. Tp giao thc SIGTRAN da vo giao thc truyn vn SCTP. SCTP ging TCP nhng c thm mt s tnh nng nh a lung v a tuyn to cu hnh d phng, phc hi hay message framing (ng gi v truyn theo bn tin, khng truyn theo 1 nhm byte nh TCP). Cc giao thc trong SIGTRAN u s dng SCTP mc truyn ti.

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Nu nh khng c cc bin php b tr, bn cht ban u ca mng IP l khng m bo v khng tin cy, trong khi cc mng SS7 li c nhng tiu chun rt cht v cht lng, tin cy v kh dng. ITU - T a ra cc tiu chun m bo truyn cc bn tin SS7 qua mng IP nh sau: - Cc th tc bo hiu peer-to-peer yu cu khong thi gian p ng t 500 ms ti 1200 ms. - Khng c c qu 1 bn tin b mt trong 10 triu bn tin do li truyn dn. - Khng c c qu 1 bn tin sai tun t trong 10 t bn tin do li truyn dn. - Khng c c qu 1 bn tin cha li m khng xc nh c bi giao thc chuyn ti hoc 1 bn tin trong 1 t bn tin theo chun ANSI. - Mc kh dng ca tp hp cc tuyn bo hiu (l ton b tp hp cc ng bo hiu t mt im bo hiu ti mt ch xc nh) l 99.9998% hoc hn (khong thi gian downtime xp x khong 10 pht/1 nm). - di bn tin (ngoi tr payload) l 272 bytes vi SS7 bng hp v 4091 bytes vi SS7 bng rng. c th thc hin c nhng chc nng v yu cu truyn ti MTP v IETF khuyn ngh 3 giao thc mi lp giao thc tng thch: M2UA, M2PA v M3UA. SIGTRAN cho php cc hng linh ng khi a ra cc gii php thc hin SS7 over IP. 2.5.1.1. M2UA M2UA l mt giao thc c IETF nh ngha cho vic truyn ti cc bn tin bo hiu thu bao ca MTP2 (v d MTP3) trn IP s dng SCTP. M2UA cung cp tp cc dch v tng ng cho cc user ca n nh MTP2 cung cp cho MTP3. M2UA c s dng gia Gateway bo hiu v MGC

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trong mng VoIP. Gateway bo hiu nhn bn tin SS7 trn giao din MTP1 v MTP2 t mt im cui bo hiu (SCP, SSP) hay im chuyn tip bo hiu trong mng PSTN. Gateway bo hiu kt cui link bo hiu MTP2 v truyn MTP3 v cc lp trn cho MGC hay cc im bo hiu IP s dng M2UA trn nn SCTP/IP.

Hnh 2.14: M hnh M2UA 2.5.1.2. M2PA M2PA nh ngha mt giao thc h tr vic truyn ti cc bn tin MTP3 qua mng IP s dng SCTP. MP2A h tr y vic qun l bn tin MTP3, v qun l mng gia hai im bo hiu s 7 qua mng IP. im bo hiu IP c chc nng ging nh mt im SS7 truyn thng s dng mng IP thay cho mng SS7. M2PA h tr y cc dch v c bn m MTP2 cung cp cho MTP3.

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Hnh 2.15: M hnh M2PA M2PA c th c s dng gia mt gateway bo hiu v mt b iu khin gateway truyn thng, gia mt gateway bo hiu v mt im bo hiu IP, v gia hai im bo hiu IP. Gateway bo hiu c th s dng M2PA chy trn IP hay MTP2 trn cc link SS7 truyn thng gi v nhn cc bn tin MTP3. M2PA thc y s tch hp SSV v mng IP bng vic cho php cc node trong mng chuyn mch knh c th truy cp vo c s d liu in thoi IP v cc node khc trong mng IP s dng bo hiu SSV. V ngc li , M2PA cho php cc ng dng ca in thoi IP truy cp vo c s d liu SSV, nh LNP, free phone, v c s d liu thu bao di ng. M2PA v M2UA khc nhau nhng im sau: - M2PA: Gateway bo hiu l mt im bo hiu s V vi mt m im bo hiu. - M2UA: Gateway bo hiu khng phi l mt im bo hiu s V khng c m im bo hiu. - M2PA: Kt ni gia Gateway bo hiu v im bo hiu IP nh l mt link bo hiu SSV. - M2UA: Kt ni gia Gateway bo hiu v MGC khng phi l mt lin
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kt bo hiu. Thc ra, n ch l s m rng ca MTP t GW bo hiu ti MGC. - M2PA: Gateway bo hiu c th c cc lp bo hiu cao hn nh SCCP. M2UA: Gateway bo hiu khng c lp bo hiu cao hn ging nh n khng c MTP3. - M2PA: da trn MTP3 cho cc th tc qun l. M2UA: s dng cc th tc qun l ca bn thn n. - MP2P: im bo hiu IP x l MTP3 v cc dch v ca MTP2 cung cp M2UA: MGC truyn ti MTP3 v cc dch v MTP2 cho MTP2 ca Gateway bo hiu x l. 2.5.1.3. M3UA M3UA c dng truyn ti cc bn tin bo hiu , cc user ca MTP3 nh ISUP, TUP, SCCP trn nn IP s dng SCTP. Cc bn tin TCAP hay RANAP cng nh cc giao thc lp trn ca SCCP c th truyn bng SCCP s dng M3UA hay mt giao thc SIGTRAN khc gi l SUA s c ni phn sau. M3UA c s dng gia Gateway bo hiu v MGC hay c s d liu in thoi IP. Gateway bo hiu s kt cui MTP2, MTP3 v phn phi ISUP, TUP, SCCP hay cc bn tin lp trn ca MTP3 khc, cng nh cc s kin qun l mng MTP trn cc phin SCTP ti Softswitch hay c s d liu thoi IP.

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Hnh 2.16: M hnh M3UA Cc lp ISUP hay SCCP im bo hiu IP khng nhn thy cc dch v, MTP3 khng c cung cp im bo hiu IP, m bi Gateway bo hiu xa. Tng t MTP3 GW bo hiu khng nhn thy giao thc ngi s dng trn, n thc cht l phn nhn thc xa trn lp M3UA. T y ta thy bn cht ca M3UA l M3UA m rng truy cp cc dch v ca GW ba hiu cho im bo hiu IP. Nu im cui IP c kt ni vi nhiu hn mt GW bo hiu, th M3UA im cui IP s gim st trng thi ca cc im bo hiu ch, v nh tuyn bn tin da theo sn sang v trng thi nghn ca route ti nhng ch qua tng GW bo hiu. M3UA khng b gii hn bi trng thng tin bo hiu 272 octet m c ch nh bi bn tin SS7 MTP lp 2. Cc khi thng tin ln c iu khin trc tip bi M3UA/SCTP m khng cn cc th tc phn on v ti hp nht cc on cc lp cao hn cc tiu chun SCCP v ISUP. Tuy nhin, SG c gii hn cc i l 272 octet khi kt ni ti mng bo hiu SS7 khng h tr truyn cc khi thng tin c kch thc ln hn ti ch. i vi mng MTP bng rng, SG s phn mnh cc bn tin ISUP V SCCP ln hn 272 octet nh yu cu. Ti SG, lp M3UA cung cp lin kt ni vi cc ch nng qun l MTP lp 3 h tr cc hot ng bo hiu khng lin kt gia mng SS7 v

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mng IP. V d SG hin th MTP-3 user xa ti im bo hiu IP khi im bo c th ti c hoc khng th ti c hoc khi xy ra hin tng nghn mng hoc b ngn chn. Lp M3UA ti im bo hiu IP gi trng thi ca cc tuyn ti c cc nodes SS7 xa v c th yu cu trng thi ca cc nodes SS7 xa t lp M3UA ti SG. Lp M3UA ti im bo hiu IP cng c th ch ra SG m ti M3UA b nghn. 2.5.1.4. Truyn ti SCCP qua mng IP SUA (SCCP User Adaptation Layer) l giao thc c nh ngha bi IETF truyn ti cc bn tin bo hiu SS7 SCCP phn user qua mng IP s dng giao thc SCTP. SUA c s dng gia SG v cc IP endpoint v gia IP Signalling endpoint. SUA cng h tr c cc dch v kt ni tun t v khng tun t v cc dch v hng kt ni 2 chiu c v khng c iu khin lung v pht hin mt bn tin hoc cc li khng tun t. phn phi ti cc im bo hiu SS7, cc bn tin SS7 c nh tuyn ti SG da trn m im bo hiu v s SCCP. SG nh tuyn cc bn tin SCCP ti cc IP endpoint xa. Nu tn ti mt IP endpoint d phng, SG c th chia s ti gia cc IP endpoints ang kch hot s dng gii php quay vng round -robin. Ch chia s ti ca cc bn tin TCAP ch xut hin trong bn tin u tin trong hi p TCAP; th t cc bn tin TCAP trong cng khong thi gian hi p lun lun gi ti IP endpoint la chn cho bn tin u tin, tr phi cc endpoints chia s trng thi thng tin v SG hiu c bn tin cp pht chnh sch ca cc IP endpoint. SG cng c th thc hin c chc nng chuyn dch nhn ton cu (Global Title Translation) ch ra ch ca bn tin SCCP. SG nh tuyn trn nhn, cc ch s xut hin trong bn tin u vo, nh s b gi hoc s nh danh thu bao di ng. chuyn ti cc dch v hng kt ni, SCCP v SUA giao tip ti SG lin kt 2 phin kt ni cn cho truyn d liu hng kt ni gia im

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bo hiu SS7 v IP endpoint. Bn tin c nh tuyn bi SG ti im bo hiu da trn m im bo hiu (trong trng a ch MTP-3) v IP endpoint da trn a ch IP (trong mo u SCTP).SUA cng c th c s dng chuyn ti thng tin v user SCCP trc tip gia cc IP endpoints hn l qua SG. SG ch cn kt ni vi bo hiu SS7 trong mng chuyn mch knh.

Hnh 2.17: M hnh truyn ti SCCP qua mng IP Nu cc ng dng trong IP c kt ni ti nhiu SG, c nhiu tuyn ti ch trong mng SS7. Trong trng hp ny IP endpoint gim st trng thi ca SG xa trc khi khi to qu trnh truyn bn tin. 2.5.2. V d mt s tin trnh cuc gi lin mng gia PSTN v NGN - u cui PSTN gi cho mt u cui H323 qua mng Media Gateway: Khi mng PSTN khi to cuc gi, gi bn tin IAM sang cho Softswitch, Softswitch s to gi bn tin to kt ni trn MG, ng thi gi bn tin ARQ ti cho GK nh mt u cui H.323. Sau n gi bn tin Setup cho GK, GK s chuyn tip bo hiu cho GW H.323, c GK cho php, GW H.323 gi bn tin Alerting cho Softswitch, Softswitch s khi to bn tin ACM gi ra mng PSTN. Sau GW H.323 gi bn tin Connect cho Softswitch, da vo thng tin trong Softswitch gi bn tin sa kt ni MDCX cho MG. ng thi n gi bn tin ANM cho PSTN. Hai thu bao bt u m thoi.

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Hnh 2.18: Trng hp thu bao PSTN gi cho mt thu bao H.323 thng qua MG Khi thu bao PSTN dp my th Softswitch nhn c bn tin REL t pha PSTN, th n s xa kt ni ti MG bng cch gi bn tin DLCX cho MG ng thi thc hin cc th tc xa kt ni nh mt u cui H.323 vi GK bng vic gi bn tin H.245 Endsession cho GK. Sau khi hon tt vic xo phin H.245 th GW H.323 gi bn tin Release Complete cho GK. GK s chuyn tip cho Softswitch, Softswitch khi to bn tin RLC gi cho PSTN. Sau n hon tt qu trnh xo kt ni H323 thng qua vic gi bn tin DRQ, sau khi GK xc nhn xa kt ni vi Softswitch v GW H.323 th cuc gi c gii phng hon ton.

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- Trng hp hai u cui PSTN gi vng qua mng NGN:

Hnh 2.19: Trng hp ng dng tng i gi chuyn tip Khi nhn c bn tin IAM t pha PSTN, Softswitch s gi cc bn tin to kt ni ti cc Media Gateway, ng thi n cng gi bn tin IAM cho mng PSTN ch. Khi MG E gi tr li Softswitch CRCX ACK c cha a ch IP ca MG E v cc tham s ca phin nh m ho...., th Softswitch s gi cho MG I bn tin MDCX trong c chc cc thng tin trn. Sau khi mng PSTN ch s tr v bn tin ACM v ANM th hai thu bao PSTN thng thoi bnh thng. Khi nhn c bn tin REL t PSTN ch Softswitch s chuyn tip bn tin cho mng PSTN khi to cuc gi, gi tr bn tin RLC cho PSTN ch, ng thi gi cc bn tin xa kt ni (DLCX) ti cc MG. Cuc gi c gii phng hon ton.

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- Trng hp thu bao PSTN gi cho thu bao SIP qua mng Media Gateway:

Hnh 2.20: Trng hp thu bao PSTN gi vo thu bao SIP thng qua MG Khi Softswitch nhn c bn tin IAM t tng i PSTN, th n s gi bn tin INVITE c cha cc thng tin ca s b gi cho Proxy, sau Proxy gi bn tin INVITE cho SIP phone, SIP phone tr v p ng 18x phn hi chung cho thu bao PSTN. Sau khi thu bao SIP phone nhc my , th tng ng n s tr v cho Softswitch p ng 200 OK, v Softswitch gi bn tin ANM cho mng PSTN. Khi thu bao PSTN dp my th Softswitch s gi cho SIP phone bn tin BYE bo kt thc. 2.6. KT LUN CHNG Bo hiu v iu khin c vai tr rt quan trng trong cc mng vin thng, y l vn quan tm hng u khi tin hnh xy dng v pht trin cc
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mng vin thng ni chung cng nh mng NGN ni ring. ng thi y cng l vn rt kh v phc tp. C rt nhiu giao thc khc nhau tham gia vo qu trnh bo hiu v iu khin khi thit lp cuc gi, trong mi mt giao thc li ng mt vai tr ring. Trn y l nhng giao thc bo hiu v iu khin c bn c s dng trong mng NGN. Trong SIGTRAN tham gia vo qu trnh truyn ti cc bn tin bo hiu s 7 qua mng IP, cc giao thc SIP, H.323 tham gia vo qu trnh thit lp cuc gi, cc giao thc BICC, MGCP, MEGACO tham gia vo qu trnh iu khin trong cuc gi. Hin nay mng NGN c trin khai trn thc t vi s tham gia ca nhiu hng vin thng khc nhau nh Siemens, Alcatel, NortelTy theo loi thit b v gii php c a ra ca mi hng m la chn cc giao thc bo hiu v iu khin cng nh s phi hp ca cc giao thc c s khc nhau. Trong chng tip theo chng ta s i tm hiu tnh hnh pht trin mng NGN ti Vit Nam ni chung cng nh s pht trin mng NGN ca VNPT ni ring vi gii php SURPASS ca Siemens.

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CHNG 3 NH HNG PHT TRIN MNG NGN TI VIT NAM 3.1. S PHT TRIN MNG NGN TRN TH GII 3.1.1. S hnh thnh mng NGN trn th gii Mng th h k tip NGN bt u c nhc n trn th gii t nm 1998. NGN l xu hng pht trin tt yu ca lnh vc truyn thng th gii hin ti v tng lai. N tch hp c ba mng li: mng PSTN, mng khng dy v mng s liu vo mt kt cu thng nht hnh thnh mt mng chung, thng minh, hiu qu cho vic sp nhp thoi, d liu, video da trn nn tng IP. Bt u t nm 2005 cng ty Gartner d bo th trng cho vic trin khai NGN s bt u khi sc. Trong vng vi nm tip theo, thoi qua giao thc IP v NGN s c kh nng h tr ti a cc nh dng giao dch tn nhiu bng thng nht. Gartner Dataquest hon thnh mt cng tr nh nghin cu ton din, cp ti nhiu kha cnh mang tn State of the Next-Generation Network (trng thi ca mng th h tip theo). Cng trnh nghin cu cc bc chuyn bin m NGN t c, xc nh nhng xu th chnh v gii thiu kh chi tit v 141 t chc pht trin NGN trn th gii. c giao trng trch i vi nghnh cng nghip mng trong th k 21, NGN ngy cng ginh c s quan tm, ch v c coi l quc sch ti nhiu quc gia. Trong bi cnh , Hi ngh thng nh ton cu v mng th h tip theo (Global NGN Summit) din ra thng 4 nm 2004 ti Bc Kinh-Trung Quc vi ch Cng n lc xy dng mng th h tip theo (Joint Efforts to Build the Future Next Generation Network). Trc , Trung Quc th nghim mng Internet th h tip theo (China Next Generation Internet - CNGI) v coi y l bc pht trin quan trng tin ti

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xy dng mng NGN. D n c s tham gia ca 5 tp on vin thng ln nhm xy dng mng bao ph 6 tnh vi bng thng mng ng trc l 10Gbit/s. 3.1.2. S pht trin mng NGN mt s nc trn th gii Trong khong 5 nm tr li y, khi cc giao thc truyn d liu trong mng NGN dn c hon thin v tiu chun ha, rt nhiu nc tin hnh th nghim v trin khai rng ri mng NGN. Cc nc i tin phong trong vic trin khai mng NGN l Anh, Php, M, c, Nht Bn, Trung Quc, Mi nc u xy dng l trnh chuyn i t mng c sang mng NGN. Ti nc Anh: Cng ty u tin ca nc Anh trin khai mn NGN l THUS plc bt u trin khai mng NGN t nm 1999 bao gm 10.600 km cp quang vi hn 190 POP trn ton nc Anh. Nm 2004, British Telecom ( BT) bt u xy dng h tng mng NGN. n u thng 1/2005, 1000 khch hng c cung cp dch v thoi trn nn tng mi. T nm 2006 2008, BT trin khai thit b all IP trn mng ca mnh. BT bt u th nghim mt s khc hng Wales sang mng NGN vo nm 2007. Mc tiu nm 2011 hon ton chuyn i trn ton nc Anh. Ti nc Php: Nm 2005, tp on France Telecom xy dng k hoch trin khai mng NGN. Mc tiu l n nm 2008 hon thnh chuyn i sang NGN v t nm 2008 s gii thiu cc dch v mi trn nn NGN. Ti nc M: Khong 1/4 s h gia nh M c dng dch v bng rng th h mi vo cui nm 2008. AT&T trin khai mng FTTN vo nm 2004. Thng 1/2008, AT&T trin khai c FTTN cho 7,9 triu thu bao h gia inh. Thng 3/2009, AT&T tip tc m rng mng bng rng v tuyn v hu tuyn.

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Verizon bt u xy dng mng truy nhp cp quang FTTH vo nm 2004. Trong 4 nm tip theo, 11 triu h gia nh thu bao ca Verizon s dng mng FTTH. D kin n nm 2010, Verizon m rng mng FTTH trn ton nc M v t tng s thu bao l 18 triu h gia nh. Ti nc c: Thng 11/2005, Telstra cng b k hoch chuyn mng sang NGN. K hoch c chia lm cac bc sau: - Xy dng mng li NGN s dng cng ngh IP, d kin hon thnh vo nm 2007. - Thay th mng di ng CDMA bng mng GSM 3G vi ph sng tng ng hoc rng hn hin ti. - Kt ni 1/3 s lng thu bao ( khong cch n tng i l 1,5km) bng cng ngh ADSL 2+, 2/3 s lng thu bao cn li dng cng ngh FTTN. - Gim s lng h thng kinh doanh v h tr vn hnh. S im fuul time equivalent ( FTE ) ca Telstra l 52000, d kin gim 6000 n 8000 im trong 3 nm, gim 10000 im trong 5 nm. Mc tiu ca Telstra l cu trc li ton b mng li ca h t mng li n mng di ng, sp xp li mng truy nhp c nh, sp xp li h thng h tr v vn hnh. Ti Nht Bn: Nht Bn bt u trin khai cng ngh FTTH vo nm 2005. Thng 12/2006, NTT th nghim cc dch v ca mng NGN. Mc tiu ca NTT l xy dng c mng NGN full IP truy nhp cp quang trc nm 2010 phc v c 30 triu thu bao. Cng ty NTT East trin khai cp quang n 75% s h gia nh trong vng phc v. Khong 100.000 thu bao ng k s dng dch v FTTH ca NTT mi thng. n cui thng 3/2007, NTT c 6,08 triu thu bao cp quang. NTT t c 10 triu thu bao cp quang vo thng 9/2008. D kin ton b thu bao s c kt ni cp quang trc nm 2010.

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Hnh sau cho chng ta thy s thay i v cng ngh trong th trng vin thng Nht Bn. Nm 2005 cng ngh truy nhp FTTH vt qua truy nhp bng rng cable v cng ngy bm st DSL.

Hnh 3.1: Th trng bng rng Nht Bn Vo nm 2007, s lng thu bao bng rng FTTH ca NTT ln hn s lng thu bao DSL

Hnh 3.2: S lng thu bao bng rng NTT Ti Trung Quc: Trung Quc xy dng din n v NGN v hot ng tng i sm. Mt trong nhng mc tiu ca din n NGN l nghin cu xu hng pht trin v cc cng ngh NGN mi nht. Hi ngh u tin ca din n NGN Trung Quc din ra vo nm 2000. Hi tho tp trung vo cng ngh v xu hng pht trin mng li NGN v Trung Quc vn l mt nh sn xut thit b NGN ln cho cc nc khc trn th gii. Cc cng ty nh Huawei v ZTE l cc nh cung cp gii php vin thng hng u th gii.

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China Telecom trin khai NGN u tin Shenzhen v Zhaoqing nm 2002. Shenzhen, China Telecom c 600.000 kt ni v 150.000 thu bao. T cho thy NGN c th thay th cc tng i PSTN trn quy m ln. Sau , China Telecom bt u chuyn i cng ngh vo nm 2005, vi k hoch hon thnh chuyn i ton b mng sang NGN t 5 n 15 nm. n cui nm 2005, China Telecom hon thnh nng cp mng trc. Trong khong thi gian 5 nh cung cp dch v khc c chnh ph Trung Quc h tr cng y nhanh tin n xy dng mng li. 3.2. NHNG THCH THC KHI A MNG NGN VO HOT NG 3.2.1.Thch thc v cht lng dch v Tch hp m thanh, thoi, d liu...trong mt mng li yu cu m bo cht lng m thanh c truyn ti cng nh yu cu t ra i vi vic truyn ti d liu. y thc s l mt thch thc kh khn v mt cng ngh v mng d liu khng c thit k dnh ring phc v truyn ti m thanh. B nh tuyn Internet khng c n lc c bit no m bo rng cc cuc gi s t c tnh ng u v mt cht lng truyn ti. B nh tuyn ch gip phn lung cc gi tin cng nhanh cng tt. Chnh v vy, tng gi tin phi chu tr khc nhau, i khi xy ra mt gi, nh hng n cht lng m thanh. 3.2.2. Thch thc v qun l Khi c trin khai quy m ln, vic qun l s tr nn phc tp hn rt nhiu. 3.2.3. Thch thc trong qu trnh chuyn tip Thch thc thc s nm nhu cu m bo s chuyn tip tt p t mng truyn thng sang mng NGN. Mt trong nhng tr ngi in hnh l tnh tng thch gia mng mi v mng trin khai.

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3.2.4. Thch thc v bo mt Thch thc v bo mt xut pht mt phn ngay c ch phn chia tng ng dng, bao gm thoi, d liu... Trong mng PSTN, cc lnh c truyn ti trong mng tn hiu ring bit nn d kim sot. Trong khi , vi NGN, hu ht cc gateway u c kh nng truyn ti m thanh v d liu. Bn cnh , cc thng tin truyn ti theo nguyn tc c chia s trn ton cu, nn cng tc bo mt trong mng NGN tr nn phc tp hn rt nhiu. 3.2.5. Thch thc v kinh t Trin khai mng NGN pht sinh thch thc v mt kinh t i vi nh cung cp dch v m ngun gc ca vn l s gim gi lin tc ca bng thng. Hin ti, hu ht cc nh cung cp dch v u khai thc trn mng tn ti sn. Mt thi gian sau khi mng mi trin khai, vic giao tip tc cao thi gian thc tr nn ph bin th ngi dng s t ra yu cu c s dng min ph. a phn cc nh cung cp dch v u nhn thy xu th v trin vng ca NGN. Tuy nhin h gp kh khn khi nhu cu thc ti i vi NGN ang thp. Do h vn cn e ngi khi dc ton lc chuyn sang NGN. 3.3. HIN TRNG MNG VIN THNG HIN NAY 3.3.1. Hin trng mng vin thng Vit Nam hin nay Cc mng vin thng hin ti c c im chung l tn ti mt cch ring l, ng vi mi loi dch v thng tin li c t nht mt loi mng vin thng ring bit phc v dch v . - Mng Telex: dng gi cc bc in di dng k t c m ho bng 5 bit (m Baudot). Tc truyn rt thp (t 75 ti 300 bit/s) - Mng in thoi cng cng, cn gi l mng POTS (Plin Old Telephone Service): y thng tin ting ni c s ha v chuyn mch h thng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng PSTN. - Mng truyn s liu: bao gm cc mng chuyn mch gi trao i s liu gia cc my tnh da trn giao thc ca X.25 v h thng truyn s liu chuyn mch knh da trn cc giao thc X.21.
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- Cc tn hiu truyn hnh c th c truyn theo ba cch: truyn bng sng v tuyn, truyn qua h thng mng truyn hnh cp CATV (Community Antenna Television) bng cp ng trc hoc truyn qua h thng v tinh, hy cn gi l truyn hnh trc tip DBS (Direct Broadcast System). - Trong phm vi c quan, s liu gia cc my tnh c trao i thng qua mng cc b LAN (Local Area Network) m ni ting nht l mng Ethernet , Token Bus v Token Ring. Mi mng c thit k cho cc dch v ring bit v khng th s dng cho cc mc ch khc. V d ta khng th truyn ting ni qua mng chuyn mch gi X.25 v tr qua mng ny qu ln. Qu kh l bn p ca tng lai. Do vy trc khi tm hiu mng vin thng th h mi NGN, chng ta cn rt kinh nghim t lch s pht trin ca cc mng hin ti m tiu biu l: Xt v gc dch v th gm cc mng sau: mng in thoi c nh, mng in thoi di ng v mng truyn s liu. Xt v gc k thut bao gm cc mng chuyn mch, mng truyn dn, mng truy nhp, mng bo hiu v mng ng b. PSTN: l mng chuyn mch thoi cng cng. PSTN phc v thoi v bao gm hai loi tng i: tng i ni ht (cp 5), v tng i tandem (tng i qu giang ni ht, cp 4). Tng i tandem c ni vo cc tng i Toll gim mc phn cp. Phng php nng cp cc tandem l b sung cho mi nt mt ATM core. Cc ATM core s cung cp dch v bng rng cho thu bao, ng thi hp nht cc mng s liu hin nay vo mng chung ISDN. Cc tng i cp 4 v cp 5 l cc tng i loi ln. Cc tng i ny c kin trc tp trung, cu trc phn mm v phn cng c quyn.

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ISDN: l mng s tch hp dch v. ISDN cung cp nhiu loi ng dng thoi v phi thoi trong cng mt mng v xy dng giao tip ngi s dng - mng a dch v bng mt s gii hn cc kt ni ISDN cung cp nhiu ng dng khc nhau bao gm cc kt ni chuyn mch v khng chuyn mch. Cc kt ni chuyn mch ca ISDN bao gm nhiu chuyn mch thc, chuyn mch gi v s kt hp ca chng. Cc dch v mi phi tng hp vi cc kt ni chuyn mch s 64 kbit/s. ISDN phi cha s thng minh cung cp cho cc dch v, bo dng v cc chc nng qun l mng, tuy nhin tnh thng minh ny c th khng cho mt vi dch v mi v cn c tng cng t mng hoc t s thng minh thch ng trong cc thit b u cui ca ngi s dng. S dng kin trc phn lp lm c trng ca truy xut ISDN. Truy xut ca ngi s dng n ngun ISDN c th khc nhau tu thuc vo dch v yu cu v tnh trng ISDN ca tng quc gia. Cn thy rng ISDN c s dng vi nhiu cu hnh khc nhau tu theo hin trng mng vin thng ca tng quc gia. PSDN: l mng chuyn mch s liu cng cng. PSDN ch yu cung cp cc dch v s liu. Mng PSDN bo gm cc PoP (Point of Presence) v cc thit b truy nhp t xa. Hin nay PSDN ang pht trin vi tc rt nhanh do s bng n ca dch v Internet v cc mng ring o (Virtual Privte Network). Mng di ng GSM: l mng cung cp dch v thoi tng t nh PSTN nhng qua ng truy nhp v tuyn. Mng ny chuyn mch da trn cng ngh ghp knh phn thi gian v cng ngh ghp knh phn tn s. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mng ny l: BSC, BTS, HLR, VLR v MS 3.3.2. Nhng hn ch ca mng vin thng hin ti Hin nay c rt nhiu mng song song cng tn ti, mi mng li yu cu phng php thit k, sn xut, vn hnh, bo dng khc nhau. Nh vy h
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thng mng vin thng hin ti c rt nhiu nhc im m quan trng nht l: Ch truyn c cc dch v c lp tng ng vi tng mng. tc truyn tn hiu. Ngoi ra s xut hin nhiu dch v truyn thng trong tng lai m hin nay cha d on c, mi loi dch v s c tc truyn dn khc nhau. Ta d dng nhn thy mng hin ti s rt kh thch nghi vi i hi ny. - Km hiu qu trong vic bo dng, vn hnh cng nh s dng ti nguyn. Ti nguyn sn c trong mt mng khng th chia s cho cc mng khc cng s dng. Mt khc, mng vin thng hin nay c thit k nhm mc ch khai thc thoi l ch yu. Do , ng gc ny, mng pht trin ti mt mc gn nh l gii hn v s cng knh v mng tn ti mt s khuyt im cn khc phc. - Kin trc tng i c quyn lm cho cc nh khai thc gn nh ph thuc hon ton vo cc nh cung cp tng i. iu ny khng nhng l gim sc cnh tranh cho cc nh khai thc, c bit l nhng l khai thc nh, m cn tn nhiu thi gian tin bc khi mun nng cp v ng dng nhng phn mm mi. - Cc tng i chuyn mch knh khai thc ht nng lc v tr ln lc hu i vi nhu cu ca khch hng. Cc chuyn mch Class 5 ang tn ti lm hn ch kh nng sng to v trin khai cc dch v mi, t dn n lm gim li nhun ca cc nh khai thc. - S bng n lu lng thng tin cho thy s km hiu qu ca chuyn mch knh TDM. Chuyn mch knh truyn thng ch dng truyn lu lng thoi c th d on trc, v n khng h tr lu lng d liu - Thiu mm do: S ra i ca cc cng ngh mi nh hng mnh m ti

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tng t bin nt cch hiu qu. Khi lng d liu tng vt lu lng thoI, bit vi dch v truy nhp internet quay s trc tip, thng xy ra nghn mch do ngun ti nguyn hn hp. Trong kh chuyn mch knh lm lng ph bng thng khi cc mch u ri trong mt khong thi gian m khng c tn hiu c truyn. 3.4. TNH HNH PHT TRIN MNG NGN TI VIT NAM S pht trin mng NGN ti Vit Nam l mt xu th tt yu, ph hp vi qu trnh pht trin NGN trn th gii. Khng nm ngoi xu th chung , Vit Nam cng ang c bc pht trin mng NGN ca ring mnh. Hin nay c 6 doanh nghip c php ca b bu chnh, vin thng cho php cung cp cc dch v vin thng l tp on bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam ( VNPT ), cng ty vin thng qun i ( Viettel ), cng ty thng tin vin thng in lc ( VP Telecom ), cng ty c phn dch v bu chnh vin thng Si Gn ( STP ), cng ty vin thng hng hi. Trong ngoi tr cng ty vin thng hng hi, cc cng ty khc u ang cung cp dch v VoIP ng di trong nc v quc t. Phn ny chng ta s i tm hiu mt cch c th tinh hnh trin khai mng NGN ca tp on bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam ( VNPT ). 3.4.1. Gii thiu gii php SURPASS ca Siemens Trong lnh vc vin thng, Siemens vn ni ting vi dng sn phm tng i chuyn mch knh truyn thng EWSD dung lng ln, nhiu tnh nng. Da trn nn tng Siemen pht trin ln cc phn t trong mng NGN vi gii php SURPASS ang c s dng rng ri trn th gii. H thng Surpass ca Siemens bao gm tt c cc sn phm trong mt gii php NGN tng th. H thng Surpass hng ti nhng mc tiu sau: - Tch bit iu khin cuc gi/dch v vi mi trng truyn thng tin cho php cc nh cung cp dch v gi c cc khon u t pht trin dch v ca h v ng thi tn dng nhng cng ngh mi nht
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trong lnh vc truyn dn, truyn ti thng tin. - Hng ti mng hi t a dch v, nhiu loi hnh truy nhp dich v. - Tn dng cc u t c trn h thng chuyn mch TDM truyn thng, ni m Siemens c nhiu nm kinh nghim pht trin cc ng dng, dch v thoi v cc tnh nng thng minh ca tng i EWSD, bng vic a ra cc gii php nng cp thun li sang mi trng mng a dch v chuyn mch gi. L nh sn xut thit b xut pht t lnh vc vin thng truyn thng, Siemens hng ti mt gii php mang nhiu tnh telco nh : dung lng ln, tin cy carrier-grade, tn dng cc dich v IN pht trin, cho (ISP, ASP) thu c s h tng mng.... Cc sn phm dng hiQ u l cc m un phn mm chy trn nn tng Solaris cng my ch SUN Nhng m hnh ng dng ca SURPASS bao gm: - Carrier class Dial-in: gii php Internet offload dung lng ln cho cc thu bao dialup, qua cc Media Gateway. - Virtual Trunking: gii php VoIP ng di (thay th h thng tng i Class 4) - Next Generation Local Switch: gii php tng i ni ht (Class 5) th h sau, vi nhiu loi hnh truy nhp (POTS, xDSL, ISDN, V5.x...), h tr nhiu loi giao din ATM, Frame Relay, SMDS, leased line...a dng cc loi dch v trn nn IN, H323, SIP. - Tng i ni ht th h sau vi giao thc SIP tn dng cc u im trong pht trin v trin khai dch v ca SIP. - M hnh cho cc ng dng a phng tin vi cc khi xy dng ng dng c bn c sn, d pht trin (Application Building Block) trn nn tng cc m un hiQ.

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Hnh 3.3: M hnh tng quan ca gii php Surpass Phn chnh ca gii php SURPASS l h thng SURPASS hiQ, y c th coi l h thng ch tp trung (centalized server) cho lp iu khin ca mng vi chc nng nh mt h thng cng (gateway) mnh kt ni vi nhiu mng khc nhau. Trn h thng ny c khi chuyn i bo hiu s 7 ca mng PSTN/ISDN sang giao thc iu khin cng trung gian MGCP, Tu theo chc nng v dung lng , SURPASS hiQ c chia thnh cc loi SURPASS hiQ 10, 20 hay SURPASS hiQ 9100, 9200, 9400.

Hnh 3.4: Cc bo hiu ca SURPASS Cc thnh phn trong gii php SURPASS:

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- Media Gateway hiG: Media Gateway l mt phn t c bn trong khi nim Surpass ca Siemen. N c trch nhim kt ni lin mng gia mng thoi v mng d liu. N c ng kt ni trc tip vi cc trung k ca mng PSTN iu cho php chuyn i lu lng d liu quay s sang gi IP hoc chuyn i tn hiu thoi sang IP thng qua s iu khin ca hiQ 9200. SURPASS hiG c phn chia thnh nhiu loi chc nng v dung lng t SURPASS hiG 500, 700, 1000,1200 n SURPASS hiG 2000, 5000. - Softswith hiQ9200

Hnh 3.5: m hnh chc nng ca hiQ9200 Nh trn hnh, hiQ9200 bao gm cc khi chc nng sau:
- Call feature server: CFS c chc nng iu khin cuc gi v h tr cc

dch v cung cp cho cc thu bao mng, thu bao PSTN, thu bao H323. N bao gm qu trnh s l tn hiu cuc gi, iu khin cuc gi , dch v thoi v cc dch v ca trung k, thit lp cuc gi vi phn tch s nh tuyn v qun l lu lng cng nh qun l thng tin lin quan n cuc gi nh d liu tnh cc. CFS truyn thng vi cc khi chc nng khc thng qua mng truyn thng ni b.
- Mng truyn thng ni b: Bt k mt h thng chuyn mch vi kin trc

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phn tn th thng tin truyn gia cc h thng con l cc bn tin. Mng truyn thng ni b c xy dng trn nn tng HDLC, hng pht trin sp ti l s dng LAN.
- Phn qun l gi: N thc hin c kt ni cho thoi , Multimedia, cc

thng bo vi hiR200. ng thi Packet Manager cng l im kt cui bo hiu H323, SIP user, qun l ti nguyn ti Gateway nh port, Codec.
- Signalling Gateway: Gateway bo hiu l im cui bo hiu cho cc link

SS7 v cc link tc cao t mng tng i chuyn mch knh. Cc bn tin bo hiu c th c truyn trn IP hay TDM.
- OAM&P Agent ( thnh phn h tr khai thc Operation, qun l

Administration, bo dng Maintenance, gim st Provision ) bao gm cc chc nng qun l hiQ9200, gi cc thng tin n h thng mng v tnh cc. 3.4.2. Tnh hnh trin khai mng NGN ti Vit Nam Trong phn ny chng ta s i tm hiu tnh hnh trin khai mng NGN ca tp on bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam VNPT 3.4.2.1. Nguyn tc t chc mng th h k tip NGN 3.4.2.1.1 Phn vng lu lng Cu trc mng th h mi c xy dng da trn phn b thu bao theo vng a l, khng t chc theo a bn hnh chnh m c phn theo theo vng lu lng. Trong mt vng c nhiu khu vc v trong mt khu vc c th gm 1 hoc nhiu tnh, thnh. S lng cc tnh thnh trong mt khu vc tu thuc vo s lng thu bao ca cc tnh thnh . Cn c vo phn b thu bao, mng NGN ca VNPT c phn thnh 5 vng lu lng nh sau:
- Vng 1 : Cc tnh pha bc tr H Ni, H Ty, Bc Ninh, Bc Giang v

Hng Yn.
- Vng 2: H Ni, H Ty, Bc Ninh, Bc Giang v Hng Yn. - Vng 3: Cc tnh Min trung v Ty Nguyn
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- Vng 4: T.p H Ch Minh - Vng 5: Cc tnh pha nam tr T.p H Ch Minh.

3.4.2.1.2. T chc lp ng dng v dch v Lp ng dng v dch v c t chc thnh mt cp cho ton mng nhm bo m cung cp dch v n tn nh thu bao mt cch thng nht v ng b. S lng node ng dng v dch v ph thuc vo lu lng dch v, cng nh s lng v loi hnh dch v. Node ng dng v dch v c kt ni mc Gigabit Ethernet 1+1 vi node iu khin v c t ti cc Trung tm mng NGN ti H ni v TP HCM cng vi cc node iu khin. 3.4.2.1.3. T chc lp iu khin Lp iu khin c t chc thnh mt cp cho ton mng thay v c 4 cp nh hin nay (Quc t, lin tnh, tandem ni ht v ni ht) v c phn theo vng lu lng, nhm gim ti a cp mng v tn dng nng lc x l cuc gi cc ln ca thit bi iu khin th h mi, gim chi ph u t trn mng. Lp iu khin c chc nng iu khin lp chuyn ti v lp truy nhp cung cp cc dich v ca mng NGN, gm nhiu module nh module iu khin kt ni ATM, Iu khin inh tuyn kt ni IP, Iu khin kt ni cuc gi thoi, bo hiu s 7... S lng node iu khin ph thuc vo lu lng pht sinh ca tng vng lu lng, c t chc thnh cp (Plane A&B) nhm bo m tnh an ton h thng. Mi mt Node iu khin c kt ni vi 1 cp node chuyn mch ATM+IP ng trc. Trong giai on u mi vng c trang bi t nht l 2 node vi nng lc x l 4 triu BHCA t ti cc trung tm truyn dn ca vng. Cu hnh kt ni lp ng dng v lp iu khin c m t trong hnh.

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Hnh 3.6: Cu hnh kt ni lp iu khin v ng dung mng NGN 3.4.2.1.4. T chc lp truyn ti Lp chuyn ti phi c kh nng chuyn ti c hai loi lu lng ATM v IP c t chc thnh hai cp: ng trc quc gia v vng thay v c 4 cp nh hin nay: - Cp ng trc quc gia: gm ton b cc nt chuyn mch quc gia ng trc v cc tuyn truyn dn ng trc c t chc lm 2 mt: Plane A&B, kt ni cho gia cc nt ng trc mc t nht l 2.5G/s, nhm m bo an ton mng, c nhim v chuyn mch cuc gi gia nhng vng lu lng. S lng v quy m node chuyn mch ng trc quc gia ph thuc vo lu lng pht sinh trn mng ng trc. Trong giai don u trang bi loi c nng lc chuyn mch ATM < 60 Gb/s v nng lc inh tuyn < 30 triu packet/s t ti cc trung tm truyn dn lin tnh. Cu hnh cp ng trc quc gia c cho trong hnh sau. - Cp vng: gm ton b cc node chuyn mch (ATM+IP), cc b tp trung ATM ni vng bo m vic chuyn mch cuc gi trong ni vng v sang vng khc. Cc node chuyn mch (ATM+IP) ni vng c kt ni mc ti thiu 155 Mb/s ln c hai mt chuyn mch cp trc quc gia qua cc tuyn truyn dn ni vng. Cc b tp trung

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ATM c kt ni mc ti thiu 155 Mb/s ln cc node chuyn mch (ATM+IP) ni vng v mc ti thiu nxE1 vi cc b truy nhp.

Hnh 3.7: Cu hnh cp mng ng trc quc gia - Cc node chuyn mch ATM+IP ni vng c t ti vi tr cc tng i Host hin nay v c kt ni trc tip vi nhau theo dng Ring qua cc cng quang ca node ATM+IP, s dng cc si quang hin c trong tuyn FO ring ca mng ni vng. Cc node chuyn mch ATM+IP ni vng phi tch hp tnh nng Broadban RAS nhm thc hin chc nng Im truy nhp IP POP bng rng cho cc thu bao xDSL. - S lng v qui m cc node chuyn mch ATM+IP ca mt vng trong giai don u ph thuc vo nhu cu dch v ti vng . Trong giai don u trang b loi c nng lc chuyn mch ATM < 2.5Gb/s v nng lc nh tuyn < 500 000 packet/s. - Cc b tp trung ATM c nhim v tp trung cc lung E1 l thnh lung ATM 155 Mb/s. Cc b tp trung ATM c t tai cc nt truyn dn ni tnh. S lng v qui m b tp trung ATM ph thuc vo s node truy nhp v s thu bao ca node truy nhp 3.4.2.1.5. T chc lp truy nhp Lp truy nhp: gm ton b cc node truy nhp hu tuyn v v tuyn c t chc khng ph thuc theo a gii hnh chnh. Cc node truy nhp
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ca cc vng lu lng ch c kt ni n node chuyn mch ng trc (qua cc node chuyn mch ni vng) ca vng m khng c kt ni n node ng trc ca vng khc. Cc knh kt ni nt truy nhp vi cc nt chuyn mch ni vng c tc d ph thuc vo s lng thu bao ti nt. Cc thit b truy nhp th h mi phi c kh nng cung cp cng dch v POTS, VOIP, IP, ATM, FR, X.25, IP-VPN, xDSL.. 3.4.2.2. Kt ni mng NGN vi mng hin ti 3.4.2.2.1. Kt ni vi mng PSTN Kt ni mng NGN vi mng PSTN hin ti c thc hin thng qua thit b ghp lung trung k (Trunking Gateway-TGW) mc nxE1 v bo hiu s 7. Khng s dng bo hiu R2 cho kt ni ny. Cu hnh kt ni c m t trong hnh di y.

Hnh 3.8: Cu hnh kt ni NGN PSTN Cc thit bi Trunking gateway c tnh nng chuyn tip cc cuc gi thoi tiu chun 64kb/s hoc cc cuc gi thoi VoIP qua mng NGN. im kt ni c thc hin ti tng i Host hoc tandem ni ht v tng i gateway quc t nhm gim cp chuyn mch, gim chi ph u t cho truyn dn v chuyn mch ca mng PSTN v tn dng nng lc chuyn mch ca

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mng NGN. i vi mng PSTN, mng NGN s ng vai tr nh h tng i Transit quc gia ca mng PSTN cho cc dich v thoi tiu chun 64kb/s . Cc cuc thoi lin tnh tiu chun 64kb/s hoc quc t t cc tng i Host PSTN s c chuyn tip qua mng NGN ti cc Host khc hoc ti tng i gateway quc t. 3.4.2.2.2. Kt ni vi mng Internet Kt ni mng NGN vi trung tm mng Internet ISP v IAP c thc hin ti node ATM + IP quc gia thng qua giao tip mc LAN. Tc cng LAN khng thp hn tc theo chun Gigabit Ethernet (GbE). Nu trung tm mng khng cng v tr t node ATM+IP quc gia th s dng kt ni LAN qua cng quang GbE. im kt ni mng NGN vi cc node truy nhp mng Internet POP c lp cho thu bao truy nhp gin tip c thc hin ti node ATM+IP ni vng thng qua giao tip mc LAN. Tc cng LAN ph thuc vo qui m ca POP. Nu POP khng cng v tr t node ATM+IP ni vng th s dng kt ni LAN qua cng quang. i vi v tinh ca tng i Host PSTN c tch hp tnh nng truy nhp internet POP th im kt ni mng NGN vi cc nt truy nhp mng internet POP tch hp c thc hin ti b tp trung ATM hoc cc node ATM + IP ni vng thng qua giao tip ATM ty thuc vo v tr POP tch hp. Tc cng ATM ph thuc vo qui m ca POP nhng t nh t l nxE1. Cu hnh kt ni c m t trong hnh di y.

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Hnh 3.9: Cu hnh kt ni NGN Internet PSTN 3.4.2.3. Tnh hnh trin khai mng NGN ca VNPT Sau gn 3 nm nh hng v la chn, n thng 12/2003, VNPT (Cng ty Vin thng Lin tnh VTN) lp t xong giai on 1 mng NGN, s dng gii php SURPASS ca Siemens, i vo vn hnh thnh cng. y l mng c h tng thng tin duy nht da trn cng ngh chuyn mch gi c VNPT la chn thay th cho mng chuyn mch knh truyn thng. Vi u th cu trc phn lp theo chc nng v s dng rng ri cc giao din API kin to dch v m khng ph thuc nhiu vo cc nh cung cp thit b v khai thc mng, cng ngh NGN p ng c yu cu kinh doanh trong tnh hnh mi l dch v a dng, gi thnh thp, u t hiu qu v to c ngun doanh thu mi. y l mng s dng cng ngh chuyn gi vi c tnh linh hot, ng dng nhng tin b ca cng ngh thng tin v cng ngh truyn dn quang bng thng rng nn tch hp c dch v thoi v dch v truyn s liu. nng cao hn na nng lc ca mng li, VNPT quyt nh u t xy dng tip pha 2, v n ngy 15/08/2004 hon thnh v a vo s dng. Mng c 4 lp l:

- Lp truy nhp: c trin khai gm mt Media Gateway kt ni vi mng

PSTN phc v cho dch v VoIP v b BRAS kt ni trc tip vi thit b
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DSLAM-HUB vi kh nng chuyn mch 10Gb/s, s dng cng ngh xDSL, c th h tr cc kt ni ADSL, SHDSL. Vi h tng mng xDSL ny, VNPT cung cp cc dch v truy nhp Internet bng rng Mega VNN ti nhiu tnh/thnh ph trn c nc. n cui nm 2005, c nc c khong 180.000 cng xDSL.

- Lp truyn ti: gm 3 nt trc quc gia t ti H Ni, TP. H Ch Minh

v Nng v 11 nt vng t ti cc tnh/thnh ph trng im khc vi bng thng cc tuyn trc v vng l (STM-1) 155Mb/s da trn truyn dn SDH. Hin ti bng thng tuyn trc nng cp ln STM -16 (2.5 Gb/s) da trn Ring 20Gb/s/WDM mi trin khai. Ba Router li M160 Juniper t ti H Ni, HCM, Nng c kh nng chuyn mch l 160Gb/s.

- Lp iu khin: gm hai Softswitch HiQ9200 t H Ni v H Ch

Minh. H thng Softswitch bao gm cc chc nng v iu khin h thng mng, cung cp cc giao din m d dng cho vic pht trin cc ng dng dch v, h tr nhiu loi giao thc iu khin khc nhau nh MGCP, H.323, Megaco/H.248, SIP, ... H thng cc Server ng dng (tu theo tng loi hnh dch v Server ng dng c th t tp trung hoc phn tn). Bn cnh h thng qun l mng tp trung v h thng tnh cc tp trung gp phn quan trng trong qun l, vn hnh v iu hnh mng.

- Lp dch v ng dng: VNPT cung cp mt lot cc dch v nh: dch v

th tr trc 1719, dch v 1800, 1900, v nhiu dch v gia tng khc.

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Hnh 3.10: m hnh mng NGN ca VNPT

L trnh chuyn i mng hin ti sang mng NGN Giai on 2004-2005:Tng s node iu khin v ATM+IP nhm m rng vng phc v ca mng NGN ti cc tnh thnh ph cn li v hnh thnh mt chuyn mch A&B. Bo m cung cp dch v xDSL ti 61 tnh thnh. Giai on 2006-2010: Giai on 2006-2010 mng chuyn mch ATM+IP cp ng trc, cc node iu khin c trang b vi cu trc 2 mt y chuyn ti lu lng chuyn tip vng v lin vng cho 5 vng lu lng. Lu lng PSTN mt phn c chuyn qua mng tng i PSTN v phn ln c chuyn ti qua mng NGN. Nhng dch v m VNPT cung cp cho khch hng: - Dch v in thoi c nh tr trc - Call waiting internet - Dch v Toll Free 1800 - Dch v gia tng 1900 - Dich v Web Dial Page - Dch v Free call button
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- Truy cp internet tc cao - Cung cp mng Wan IP/ VPN - Dch v gi thng mi min ph CFCS - Dch v thoi min ph t trang Wed 3.5. NH HNG PHT TRIN MNG NGN TI VIT NAM Theo ngun tin t Cc Vin thng (B Thng tin v Truyn thng) cho bit, tnh n ht thng 5/2012, tng s thu bao in thoi trn ton mng ca Vit Nam l 132,8 triu, trong di ng l 122,79 triu chim 92,5%, c nh khong 10 triu, chim 7,5 %. Theo , vi dn s gn 88 triu ngi, th trung bnh mi ngi s dng khong 1,5 sim di ng. y c coi l tc pht trin kh nhanh. Hin Vit Nam c 6 nh khai thc mng chnh trong c 3 mng chim th phn ln (Viettel chim 40%, Vinaphone 30%, Mobifone khong 20%). Tuy nhin, th trng vin thng di ng Vit Nam ang l r nhiu tnh thiu bn vng khi lin tip chng kin s ra i ca hai thng hiu di ng S-Fone v Beeline, nh mng ny phi tm bit th trng vin thng Vit Nam do Tp on VimpelCom (Nga) bn tho 49% c phn cho i tc Gtel Mobile. Ngoi ra, cc mng di ng nh khc vn ang n lc gi vng th phn v mt s nh u t t ra e d khi t chn vo lnh vc vin thng Vit Nam. Bn cnh , nhng bin ng mi t cc nh mng di ng Vit Nam thi gian gn y cng cho thy, th trng vin thng di ng ang ln hi cnh tranh khc lit v ha hn s c nhng thay i. Theo thng k, 6 thng u nm 2012, 3 nh mng ln l Viettel, Vinaphone v Mobifone ch pht trin thm cha n 1% th phn, trong khi Gmobile tng trng 1,42%. Tuy nhin, thc t cho thy ngay c khi c s tng trng th phn ln ngi dng ch s dng thu bao ca cc nh mng ny vi tnh cht thay th, tm thi,

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hoc hng khuyn mi. iu ny s dn n hin tng mt cn di v khng n nh cho cc nh mng ny. V tc pht trin ca thu bao di ng, Trng ban Vin thng VNPT cho bit, khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng l khu vc c s lng thu bao di ng ln nht vi tc tng trng kh u n trong giai on 2009-2015. D kin s c khong gn 7 t thu bao di ng, 588 triu thu bao bng rng di ng nm 2015. Nhu cu dch v s liu vi tc cng ngy cng cao, dung lng video chim khong 40-60% lu lng s liu di ng ca cc nh mng nm 2011. V cng vi s pht trin ca cc dch v vin thng, ngi s dng cng c xu hng s dng cc video c tc phn gii cao hn. hng n pht trin bn vng cho th trng vin thng di ng ti Vit Nam, Cc vin thng cho bit cc nh mng ln s b qun l cht hn v gi cc, cng nh cc chng trnh khuyn mi, cc nh mng nh s c p dng chnh sch linh hot hn. B Trn Nht L, Ph trng phng chnh sch v quy hoch cc vin thng (B Thng tin & Truyn thng) cng khng nh, s bo m trn th trng Vit Nam "c t nht 3 nh mng ln" v hot ng di sc p ca s cnh tranh. i din B TT&TT, Th trng L Nam Thng cho bit, hi ngh ln ny c ch ph hp vi nh hng ca Chnh ph trong Quy hoch pht trin Vin thng quc gia n 2020. Hi ngh s l c h tt cc din gi trao i, thc y c hi hp tc u t v gii thiu cc ng dng, gii php mi trong lnh vc vin thng. Th trng cng khng nh, Vit Nam lun cho n v sn sng to iu kin thun li cho cc doanh nghip vin thng quc t u t kinh doanh c hiu qu ti Vit Nam.

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Trc , trong l khai mc trin lm Mobile Vietnam 2012, B trng B TT&TT Nguyn Bc Son cng nhn mnh: Hin nay, ngnh CNTT Vit Nam ang c nh gi l ngnh c nhng bc pht trin mnh m, ng vai tr ngy cng quan trng trong nn kinh t-x hi. n nm 2020, Vit Nam ang hng ti lm ch v c s h tng CNNT. a mc tiu ny tr thnh hin thc, Vit Nam ang ch trng n pht trin ngun nhn lc, u t cho c s h tng vin thng, trong c h thng in thoi di ng. Cng theo B trng Nguyn Bc Son, vin thng Vit Nam vi cng ngh hin i v bao ph rng khp c nc ang cung cp dch v a dng, cht lng tt vi gi thnh cnh tranh p ng mi yu cu ca i sng x hi, c bit nhiu doanh nghip ca Vit Nam bt u vn ra th trng th gii. Tuy nhin, th trng vin thng Vit Nam pht trin cn i v bn vng, ngnh vin thng Vit Nam cn phi n lc nhiu hn na v phi xy dng siu xa l thng tin c th ng dng cng ngh thng tin rng khp, m bo an ton thng tin v ch quyn quc gia v an ninh mng. Ngoi ra, di gc qun l nh nc, trong thi gian gn y, B TT&T T v cc ngnh lin quan cng n lc xy dng v hon thin hnh lang php l nhm thc y s pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip vin thng v CNTT, thit lp mi trng cnh tranh bnh ng, to iu kin thun li cho cc hot ng u t, kinh doanh v tham gia th trng ca mi thnh phn kinh t trong v ngoi nc. Theo quy hoch pht trin vin thng quc gia n nm 2020, thi gian ti Vit Nam s t chc li cc doanh nghip vin thoogn theo hng cho php chuyn giao , mua bn, sp nhp nhm hnh thnh 3-4 tp on, tng cng ty ln mnh, hot ng theo hng chuyn mn ha, chuyn nghip ha trn c s s dng hiu qu h tng c s, ngun lc v ti nguyn vin thng mt cch hp l chng xu hng c quyn ha trong hot ng vin thng.

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B thng tin v truyn thng cng s kim sot cht ch v gi dch v theo hng gim chi ph ph hp vi thu nhp ca ngi dn, song tng bc iu chnh cc mt s dch v hin cn thp hn gi thnh m bo hiu qu cho doanh nghip. 3.6. KT LUN CHNG H thng mng vin thng v ang ngy cng c nhng bc pht trin v cng rc r. c bit cng ngh mng NGN v ang to ra c hi gim thiu chi ph trong sn xut kinh doanh v tng kh nng cnh tranh cao trong mi trng kinh doanh hin nay. Pht trin NGN ti Vit Nam l mt thu th tt yu ca mng vin thng p ng c nhu cu ca khch hng.Vi nhng hn ch ca mng vin thng hin ti cng vi nhu cu s dng dch v ngy cng tng ca khch hng thc y cc nh cung cp dch v phi chuyn i mng hin ti sang mng NGN, nhm em li nhng hiu qu mi trong vic qun l, bo dng, cung cp dch v cho khch hng. Trong chng ny chng ta nghin cu qu trnh chuyn i t mng hin ti sang mng NGN trn th gii ni chung v Vit Nam ni ring. c bit l tp on VNPT ca Vit Nam p dng gii php SURPASA ca Siemens vo xy dng mng NGN v a vo s dng bc u v em li nhng hiu qu nht nh.
KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN N

NGN khng phi l mt mng c c s h tng c xy dng hon ton mi m n c hnh thnh v pht trin trn nn tng ca cc mng th h trc kt hp vi chuyn mch gi theo giao thc IP. Nh c xy dng v pht trin trn c s h tng ca cc mng th h trc m cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng khng cn phi b vn u t ban u nhiu m vn c kh nng thu li nhun cao. Nh k thut chuyn mch gi m mng NGN

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l mt mng c kh nng cung cp c dch v s liu, thoi s liu tch hp mt cch mm do v linh hot. NGN c s thay i hon ton v mt kin trc, kin trc phn tn c xy dng thay th cho kin trc tp trung nh trong mng chuyn mch knh trc y. Kin trc phn tn v s kt hp gia mng th h c v mng th h mi t ra cho cc giao thc bo hiu v iu khin c vai tr ht sc quan trng trong vic phi hp hot ng gia cc thit b trong mng th h mi v mng th h c. Trn thc t hin nay mng NGN c xy dng v bc u a vo hot ng. S ra i ca mng NGN l mt xu th tt yu ca vin thng Vit Nam. NGN ra i p ng c nhu cu s dng dch v ca khch hng. Do thi gian c hn cng nh s hn ch v trnh trong n em mi ch tm hiu mng NGN v cc giao thc bo hiu-iu khin mt l thuyt. Rt mong nhn c s gip v ng gp kin ca cc bn v thy c. TI LIU THAM KHO 1. TS. Nguyn Qu Minh Hin, Sch Mng vin thng th h sau, Nh xut bn Bu in. 2. L Ngc Giao & Nguyn Tt c, Nghin cu cc gii php iu khin kt ni v phi hp bo hiu trong mng NGN, Vin Khoa Hc K Thut Bu in,2002. 3. The internation Enginecring Consortium, SS7 over IP Signalling Transport & SCTP ,Web ProForum Tutorials:http://www.iec.org. 4. The internation Enginecring Consortium Next Generation Networks, Web ProForum Tutorials:http://www.iec.org. 5. Thomas Plevyak, VeliSahin Next Generation Telecommunications Networks, Services, and Management , Wiley-IEEE Press, April 5, 2010.

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