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5S & KAIZEN

5S & KAIZEN
Rt n gin, 5S bao gm: Sng lc, Sp sp, Sch s, Sn sc, Sn sng ngha ca phng php 5S Nht Bn n gin vi ng bn cht tn gi ca chng. Sng lc: loi ra nhng vt dng khng cn thit. Sp sp: mi vt u c mt ch nht nh. Sch s: lun lun gi sch s v tr lm vic. Sn sc: Duy tr thng xuyn nhng vic lm tt. Sn sng: Mi ngi lun thc hin cng vic vi thc t gic).

5S & KAIZEN
Cc doanh nghip ca Nht Bn ni chung rt thnh cng v h cng rt t ho v vic pht minh ra phng php 5S m nhiu doanh nghip khc trn th gii phi p dng theo, khi nghe n phng php ny khng ai trong chng ta khng nghi ng rng y l phng php dn v sinh kiu hin i khng sai, b ni ca 5S chnh l , nhng ci c ln hn l thc, tinh thn t gic ca ngi lao ng, thc ny s bin thnh thc trong thc hin cng vic, trch nhim trong vic lm ra cc sn phm, cng vic c cht lng.

5S & KAIZEN
KAIZEN ngha ting Nht l ci tin, vi bt k ngi lm vic no lm trong mi trng c thc Kaizen th h u khng ngng ci tin, vic ci tin ny khng phi nhng vn ln lao m t nhng vic tht bnh thng v c bn phi bt u t nhng th ngay quanh chng ta trc l 5S. Ci tin hin trng nh tnh k lut s hnh thnh thi quen trong thc ci tin ca mi ngi thnh cng nm im ny.

Khi nim Kaizen vi i mi

T nm 1986, cun sch Kaizen cha kho ca s thnh cng c xut bn th thut ng Kaizen c coi l khi nim c bn trong qun l.

Kaizen l hot ng ci tin lin tc vi s tham gia ca mi ngi nhm ci thin khng ngng mi trng lm vic, cuc sng mi c nhn, mi gia nh.

Khi nim Kaizen vi i mi


C hai cch tip cn nng cao nng sut trong cc cng ty:

Cch tip cn tng buc - Kaizen. Cch tip cn mang tnh t ph - i mi

Khi nim Kaizen vi i mi

Khi p dng ni lm vic, Kaizen ngha l ci tin lin tc v n i hi s cam kt v n lc lin tc ca mi ngi, cc cn b qun l cng nh cng nhn. Kaizen l nhng ci tin nh thc hin tng bc trong mt thi gian di. Thc t, cc cng ty Nht thng ch trng thc hin Kaizen hoc chng trnh c s tham gia ca nhn vin v cc chng trnh ny nm trong tm kim sot ca cc cn b qun l.

Khi nim Kaizen vi i mi

Kaizen t tn km hn l u t mi. N nng cao cht lng cng vic; n ghi nhn s tham gia ca nh qun l, nng cao cht lng sn phm, dch v v gim chi ph hot ng. Cc nh qun l phng Ty tn sng i mi. i mi l s t ph v cng ngh hoc p dng cc k thut sn xut mi. i mi mang tnh t ph v gy tc ng mnh cn Kaizen th dn dn v tinh t, kt qu khng nhn thy ngay. Trong khi Kaizen l mt qu trnh lin tc th i mi thng l hin tng tc thi.

Khi nim Kaizen vi i mi


Truyn ng ngn Ezp: Th v Ra:
Th lun khoc loc v tc ca mnh v ch nho Ra v s chm chp. Mt hm Ra thch thc Th chy ua lin ni Cu c th ci t, nhng t bit rng t c th nh bi cu nu chng ta chy thi. Th rt ngc nhin v tng chy ua vi ra v chp nhn li thch ny. ng ua c xc nh v mc d c hai u cng xut pht, Th nhanh chng b xa Ra. Khi cch mt qung kh xa, Th ta quyt nh tm dng chn v chp mt ngh mt cht. Nhng Th ng qun v khi Th chy ti ch th Ra . Ra c gng sut c chng ua v ginh chin thng.

Chm ri v chc chn s chin thng trong cuc ua ng trng.

Khi nim Kaizen vi i mi


Kt hp Kaizen vi i mi

Tin b t c thng qua i mi ni chung s ging nh hnh nh th hin trong bc tranh trn nu nh n thiu chin lc Kaizen i cng. iu ny xy ra do h thng c to dng t kt qu ca s i mi s b ph v nu khng c s c gng lin tc duy tr v sau ci tin n. Khng c ci g tn ti vnh cu. Tt c cc h thng u i n s xung cp sau khi chng c thit lp. Mt nh lut ni ting ca Parkinson l Mt t chc khi
Ni cch khc, ci thin hoc thm ch duy tr hin trng th tt yu phi c nhng n lc lin tc. Khi khng c s n lc lin tc th s xung cp l khng trnh khi. Do ,thm ch khi i mi to ra mt chun mc hot ng mi tn ti th mc hot ng mi cng s suy gim nu nh chun mc ny khng c b sung v ci tin lin tc. Do vy, bt c khi no i mi t c th n phi c tip ni vi cc hot ng ca Kaizen duy tr v ci tin n. Trong khi i mi l mt s t ph m nh hng ca n c to dng dn dn nh s cnh tranh c ch v s ph hy cc chun mc, cn Kaizen l n lc vi cc nh hng tch ly nh du mt tin b vng chc theo thi gian. Nu cc chun mc ch tn ti duy tr hin trng, chng s khng b nh hng chng no mc hot ng c th chp nhn c. Kaizen, mt khc c ngha l mt n lc thng xuyn khng ch duy tr m cn nng cp cc chun mc. Cc nh chin lc Kaizen tin rng cc chun mc v bn cht l d nh ging nh cc bc vi mt chun mc ny dn ti chun mc khc khi cc n lc ci tin lin tc c thc hin.

hnh thnh c mt cu trc th cng l lc t chc bt u xung cp.

Cc chng trnh KAIZEN c bn

5S: l vit tt ca 5 t Nht Bn l Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu v Shitsuke. KSS: H thng khuyn ngh Kaizen nhn mnh li ch xy dng tinh thn v s tham gia tch cc ca ngi lao ng thng qua cc kch thch v ti chnh v kinh t thng thy trong cc h thng kiu M. Qui m ca h thng khuyn ngh Kaizen Nht Bn c m t bi s lng khuyn ngh c gi hng nm.Trong nm 1990, t l s lng khuyn ngh c gi s c s dng l 32 Nht Bn v 0.11 ti M.

Cc chng trnh KAIZEN c bn

Cc chng trnh KAIZEN c bn

QCC: Nhm cht lng l mt nhm nh tnh nguyn thc hin cc hot ng kim sot cht lng ti ni lm vic, thc hin cng vic lin tc nh mt phn trong chng trnh kim sot cht lng ton cng ty, t pht trin, gio dc ln nhau v Kaizen trong ni lm vic. JIT: ng thi hn l mt k thut kim sot hng tn kho v sn xut. chnh l mt phn trong h thng sn xut ca TOYOTA. H thng c Taiichi Ohno thit k v hon thin ti cng ty TOYOTA ch yu nhm gim thiu lngph khi sn xut. 7 cng c thng k: l cc phng php thu thp v phn tch d liu lm cn c ra cc quyt nh, chng bao gm: phng php thu thp v phn tng d liu, phiu kim tra, biu nhn qu, biu Pareto, biu phn b, biu phn tn, biu kim sot.

GEMBA KAIZEN

GEMBA KAIZEN
Trong ting Nht, Gemba c ngha l ti ni lm vic l ni din ra cc hot ng. Trong cc hot ng kinh doanh, c 3 hot ng chnh lin quan trc tip n li nhun doanh nghip l pht trin, sn xut v bn sn phm. Khng c ba hot ng ny s khng tn ti doanh nghip. V vy, Gemba c ngha l ni din ra 3 hot ng chnh ny. n gin hn, Gemba c ngha l ni sn phm v dch v c to thnh.

GEMBA KAIZEN
Thng thng, cc cn b qun l v cng nhn cn c s trao i thng tin c hiu qu. iu ny s gip cho ngi cng nhn hiu r s mong mun ca ban lnh o cng nh trch nhim ca h trong qu trnh thc hin Kaizen. Ngi cng nhn nhn thc c vai tr, cm thy t ho v s ng gp ca h i vi t chc chnh l nhim v ca ban lnh o trong Gemba.

Nguyn tc vng ca qun l ti ni lm vic - GEMBA

Thit lp mi quan h cht ch v hiu ni lm vic (gemba) l bc u tin qun l mt cch hiu qu. Sau y l 5 nguyn tc vng qun l gemba: 1. Khi vn (s khng bnh thng) pht sinh hy n gemba trc tin. Gemba l ngun ca cc thng tin. 2. Kim tra bng chng khch quan (gembutsu), trong ni dung ca gemba th t ny lin quan ti hng my, sn phm hng, thm ch c khiu ni ca khch hng. Xc nh nguyn nhn gc r ca vn . 3. Xc nh bin php x l tc thi.

Nguyn tc vng ca qun l ti ni lm vic - GEMBA


4. Xc nh nguyn nhn gc r v thc hin bin php khc phc. Mt trong cc cng c hu ch trong vic tm kim nguyn nhn gc r l hi Ti sao? cho n khi c c nguyn nhn chnh. Thng thng nguyn nhn gc r khng xut hin khi chng ta ch hi Ti sao? mt ln m thng phi hi n 5 ln Ti sao? c c chng. 5. Tiu chun ha v phng nga ti din. Nhim v ca ngi qun l gemba l thc hin QCD. Tuy nhin, cc vn bt thng nh: hng my, sn phm hng, khng t c mc tiu sn xut, cng nhn n mun...vn xy ra hng ngy v i hi ngi qun l phi gii quyt v m bo rng s vic khng c ti din. Khi vn c gii quyt th cn phi xy dng mi hoc ci tin tiu chun hin ti.

Chu trnh PDCA


Giai on u ca qu trnh Kaizen l xy dng chu trnh PDCA m bo qu trnh Kaizen c thc hin lin tc, ph hp vi chnh sch duy tr v ci tin tiu chun. Ban lnh o xy dng chu trnh PDCA chnh l lin tc xy dng cc mc tiu mi cn phn u.

Chu trnh PDCA


Lp k hoch (Plan) l qu trnh xy dng mc tiu ci tin v k hoch trin khai t c mc tiu ny. Thc hin (Do) l qu trnh thc hin k hoch. Kim tra (Check) l qu trnh xem xt kt qu thc hin ci tin k hoch. Khc phc (Act) l qu trnh xy dng v tiu chun ha cc th tc hn ch s lp li cc im khng ph hp hoc xy dng mc tiu mi ci tin.

Loi tr 07 lng ph (Muda)

T Nht, Muda c ngha l lng ph, nhng t ny c nhiu ngha rng hn.

Cng vic l mt chui cc qu trnh hoc cc bc, bt u vi nguyn liu th v kt thc bng sn phm cui cng hoc dch v. Ti mi qu trnh, gi tr c tng thm cho sn phm (hoc, trong ngnh dch v, i vi ti liu hoc mng thng tin khc), v sau ti qu trnh tip theo. Cc ngun lc ti mi
qu trnh, con ngi v my mc c th to ra gi tr gia tng hoc khng to ra gi tr gia tng.

Loi tr 07 lng ph (Muda)

Muda lin quan ti mi hot ng m khng to ra gi tr gia tng. Ohno l ngi u tin nhn ra s lng ph to ln ang tn ti ti ni lm vic (gemba), ng phn loi muda trong gemba theo cc loi sau:

- Muda do tm kim - Muda do ng tc tha - Muda do vn chuyn - Muda v khng gian - Muda v thi gian - Muda v sn phm khng ph hp - Muda v kim tra

Mc tiu chnh chng trnh 5S


+ Xy dng thc ci tin (Kaizen) cho mi ngi ti ni lm vic. + Xy dng tinh thn ng i gia mi ngi thng qua chng trnh 5S. + Pht trin vai tr lnh o ca cn b lnh o v cn b qun l thng qua cc hot ng thc t. + Xy dng c s a vo cc k thut ci tin.

Trnh t thc hin 5S: PDCA


Mi quan h gia 5S v PDCA

Cc bc p dng 5S
thc hin mt chng trnh 5S, u tin cn xy dng mt k hoch thc hin bao gm cc bc: Bc 1: Chun b Bc 2: Thng bo chnh thc ca gim c Bc 3: Mi ngi tin hnh tng v sinh Bc 4: Bt u bng Seiri Bc 5: Thc hin Seiri, Seiton v Seiso hng ngy Bc 6: nh gi nh k

Phng php thc hin 5S hng ngy


1. Tin hnh 5S khong 5 pht vo mi bui sng v mi bui chiu hng ngy. 2. Mi ngi thc hin 5S khong 10 pht ti ni lm vic ca mnh vo th su hng tun. (Khu vc c nhn v khu vc chung) 3. Hng thng, thc hin 5S ton cng ty khong 30 pht trong gi lm vic.(Khu vc chung nh vn phng, phn xng, cng tin, nh v sinh v.v. ) 4. Mi ngi chia s kinh nghim thc hin. 5. To ra ni lm vic thun tin. 6. Khng ngng ci tin mi trng lm vic.

Phng php thc hin 5S hng ngy

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