NI DUNG

Gii thiu cu trc t bo (Cellular Structure) Tng quan h thng GSM (GSM Overview) Giao din v tuyn (The Air Interface)

Cc dch v lp 3 (Layer 3 Services)

Mobile Radio Network

3 yu t hnh thnh nn k thut mng di ng l: - Tm gi (paging) - Truyn thng khng dy (Cordlless communication): - Cu trc t bo (Cellular structure)
Data rate (kbps)

Cellular Generation

384 21.4 9.6 1978 1992 2000 2002 ? time

2nd Generation Characteristics

- c gii thiu ph bin vo nhng nm 1990 - S dng phng php iu ch s - S dng phng thc a truy nhp FDMA v TDMA - Hiu qu s dng ti nguyn v tuyn cao - Truyn thoi v d liu tc thp

- C kh nng Roaming quc t

- Bo mt v tuyn - Tng thch vi ISDN

Cellular Structure
- Mc tiu ca cu trc t bo l s dng tt nht ph tn s cho php

- Cu trc t bo cho php ti s dng tn s trong mng

- Vic qui hoch li mu ca tn s ti s dng ny l mt phn chnh ca cng tc thit k h thng - L tng : vng ph cc cell nm kht vo nhau nh hnh lc gic

GSM Planning
Cc thng s qui hoch mng chnh : Vng ph : a c sng v tuyn n tt c cc khu vc trong mng Dung lng : p c lu lng ca cc cuc gi Cht lng : nhiu thp nht, rt cuc gi t nht Cc thng s tu chn : - Cu trc cell phn cp : microcell, macrocell - Nhy tn - Truyn gin on

- iu khin cng sut

Phn tch lu lng thu bao - Dung lng c gii hn bi s TRx

NI DUNG
Gii thiu cu trc t bo (Cellular Structure) Tng quan h thng GSM (GSM Overview) Giao din v tuyn (The Air Interface)

Dch v lp 3(Layer 3 services)

GSM Identifier
-IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identifier) : - c n nh vo phn cng ca MS bi nh sn xut - c ng k bi nh cung cp dch v mng - c lu tr trong EIR -IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identifier) : - c lu tr trong SIM, gip h thng nhn thc SIM c hp l khng - IMSI l s duy nht trn ton th gii IMSI (15 digit) = MCC(452) + MNC(04) + SN(10 digit)

-TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber Indentity) :

- Lu tr trong VLR - c cp li khi thay i LA -MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber ISDN number) : s thu bao di ng

GSM Identifier
-MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber ISDN number) : s thu bao di ng -MSRN (Mobile Station Roaming Number) : li p bn tin nh tuyn t HLR-VLR - Bn tin nh tuyn mang IMSI - Phc p bn tin nh tuyn mang MSRN -LAI (Location Area Identity) : LAI c nghe trn knh BCCH LAI(10 digit) = MCC(452) + MNC(04) + LAC(5 digit) -CI (Cell Identity) : dng nhn dng cell trong mng.Trong h thng Viettel, nhn vo CI c th bit c s th t cell, trm 900 hoc 1800.

-BSIC (Base Station Indentity Code) : m nhn dng trm gc

BSIC = NCC(3 bit) + BCC (3 bit)

GSM Architecture Overview

GSM Architecture Overview

Vng phc v GSM

(Tt c cc nc thnh vin)

Vng phc v PLMN (Mt hay nhiu vng mt nc)

Vng phc v MSC

( Vng c iu khin bi mt MSC)

Vng nh v

(LA)
Vng phc v nh nht (cell) (Cell) (vng c trm gc ring)

BSS Network Topologies

Chain : -u : R, d thc hin -Nhc : mt lin kt li -> cc BTS u sau n khng hot ng c Ring : -u : C kh nng d phng nu mt lin kt b li -Nhc : kh thc hin khp kn vng iu kin : Vng phi c khp kn Star : cu hnh ph bin nht cho h thng GSM, mi BTS c cung cp mt lin kt truyn dn - Mt lin kt b li -> mt BTS khng hot ng c

NI DUNG
Gii thiu cu trc t bo (Cellular Structure) Tng quan h thng GSM (GSM Overview) Giao din v tuyn (The Air Interface)

Dch v lp 3(Layer 3 services)

Multiple Access Techniques

Mc ch : cho php nhiu thu bao c th chia s ti nguyn v tuyn trn mt cell Phng php: FDMA : - Ph tn c chia thnh nhiu knh c rng bng thng bng nhau (200KHz) - S phn chia cc knh c thc hin bi cc b lc - Knh bo hiu c yu cu n nh knh lu lng n thu bao - Ti mt thi im mt knh ch c cp pht cho 1 thu bao - c s dng cho h thng tng t - Phng php FDMA b gii hn v vic ti s dng tn s v s thu bao trong mt vng a l. TDMA : - Mt knh tn s c chia thnh 8 time slot.Mi MS chim knh trong khong thi gian bng 1 time slot.Nh vy thng tin truyn i b gin on trong 7 TS cn li - Mt knh tn s tng ng 1 khung TDMA. GSM s dng kt hp c FDMA v TDMA

PGSM Spectrum

Cng thc tnh tn s : Fu(n) = 890 + 0.2*n (1 n 124) | Fd(n) = Fu(n) + 45 Viettel : BCCH : 43 63 | TCH : 65 - 83

DCS 1800 Spectrum

Cng thc tnh tn s : Fu(n) = 1710 + 0.2* (n -512) (512 n 885) | Fd(n) = Fu(n) + 95 Viettel : BCCH : 712 743 | TCH : 768 - 809

GSM Channels
Knh vt l :
- L cc knh ring bit c chia bi mt tn s sng mang - Mi sng mang bao gm 8 knh c phn chia v mt thi gian Knh logic : - L mt knh o ph thuc thi gian v c mang bi mt knh vt l - Mt knh vt l c th h tr mt hoc nhiu knh logic

GSM Physical Channels

- GSM s dng c phng thc truy nhp FDMA v TDMA - Mi BTS bao gm mt vi TRx, mi TRx hot ng c cung cp mt tn s sng mang ring bit (FDMA) - Mi sng mang GSM h tr 8 knh vt l c phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA) - Mi knh vt l c n nh mt khe thi gian ring bit trn sng mang - Nhm 8 khe thi gian trn mt sng mang c gi l mt khung TDMA

GSM Burst
Thng tin c truyn i trn mt knh vt l gi l cm (burst). Mt cm tng ng 0.577ms hoc 156.25 chu k bit.
Trn h thng GSM c 5 loi cm

GSM Logical Channels

Knh logic c 2 nhm knh chnh : nhm knh lu lng v nhm knh iu khin

GSM Logical Channels

o TCH : Traffic channel (U/D) o TCH/F : Traffic channel full rate o TCH/H : Traffic channel half rate o BCH : Broadcast channel (D) o FCCH : Frequency correction channel (D) o SCH : Synchronization channel (D) o BCCH : Broadcast control channel (D) o CCCH : Common control channel o PCH : Paging channel (D) o RACH : Random access channel (L) o AGCH : Access grant channel (D) o CBCH : Cell broadcast channel (D) o NCH : Notification channel (D) o DCCH : Dedicated control channel (U/D)

o SDCCH : Stand alone didecated control channel (U/D) o SACCH : Slow associated control channel (U/D)

o FACCH : Fast associated control channel (U/D)

GSM Logical Channels

o FCCH : gi n MS mt cm gm tt c cc bit 0 MS hiu chnh n ng tn s BCCH v ng b thi gian o SCH : Mang thng tin v s khung (FN) v BSIC ca cell o BCCH :mang tt c cc thng tin v cell nh MCC, LAI, BA list v cc thng s khc nh : RxLev_access_min, Periodic_location_update o PCH : mang bn tin tm gi thu bao c gi, mang TMSI hoc IMSI ca thu bao c gi o RACH : c s dng MS yu cu ti nguyn t mng o AGCH :c s dng cp pht ti nguyn dnh ring (SDCCH) cho MS o CBCH : dng pht cc thng tin qung b (thng tin khuyn mi) o NCH : c s dng cho cc dch v gi nhm, dch v qung b thoi o SDCCH : mang bn tin bo hiu thit lp cuc gi, cp nht v tr, SMS o SACCH : mang cc bn tin o lng v bo hiu trong qu trnh thoi o FACCH : bo hiu trong ch thoi, phn pht cc bn tin chuyn giao, phn hi khi TCH c cp pht

Frames and Multiframes

o a khung knh lu lng :

o a khung knh iu khin :

Combined and non-combined

o Non Combined : c s dng i vi cell c cu hnh t 2 TRx tr ln.

Trong 9 khi CCCH c n 7 khi c th c d tr cho AGCH

o Combined : c s dng i vi cell c cu hnh 1 TRx Trong 3 khi CCCH c 2 khi c th c d tr cho AGCH

o S khi AGCH d tr c ch r trn bn tin m MS c trn BCCH

Frame Hierarchy

Timing Advance
BTS lin tc o s lch nh thi cc cm pht i t MS, BSC quyt nh sm nh thi thu pht tn hiu pht ca MS v ng khe thi gian m BTS ginh cho MS Sm nh thi c gi tr t 0 233 s tng ng c li MS n MTS t 0 35 km Sm nh thi c pht trn knh SACCH

NI DUNG
Gii thiu cu trc t bo (Cellular Structure) Tng quan h thng GSM (GSM Overview) Giao din v tuyn (The Air Interface)

Dch v lp 3(Layer 3 services)

Layer 3 services
Dch v lp 3 bao gm cc lp con sau : -Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn (RR) -Selection/Reselection -HandOver -Qun l tnh di ng (MM) -Th tc chung

-Th tc c trng
-Th tc qun l kt ni -Qun l cuc gi (CM) -MS khi pht cuc gi (MOC) -MS nhn cuc gi (MTC)

Mobility Management Procedure

Cc th tc chung do mng khi pht Th tc n nh li TMSI (TMSI re-allocation procedure)

Th tc nhn thc (Authentication procedure)

Th tc nhn dng (Identification procedure) Th tc chung do MS khi pht Th tc ri b IMSI (IMSI detach procedure) Cc th tc c trng Cp nht v tr thng thng (Normal location update procedure) Cp nht v tr theo chu k (Periodic location update procedure)

Th tc nhp mng (IMSI attach procedure)

Th tc qun l kt ni Thc hin, bo dng v qun l kt ni gia MS v mng

MS Mobility State
Mt MS c th mt trong 3 trng thi sau :
Tt ngun Bt ngun Ch ri (Idle Mode) : MS bm vo sng mang BCCH ca serving cell, ng b vi mng, lng nghe knh tm gi, cp nht v tr, o cng tn hiu, BSIC ca serving cell v neighbor cell thc hin selection/reselection. Ch thoi (Dedicated Mode) : MS thc hin thu pht trao i thng tin (thoi hoc d liu), thc hin chuyn giao khi c yu cu t BSC

MS network connection sequence

IMSI attach procedure

- MS gi bn tin n BSC trn knh RACH yu cu cp pht knh
- BSC phc p bn tin cp pht tc th trn knh AGCH, bn tin ny mang s hiu knh SDCCH n MS - Trn knh SDCCH, MS gi bn tin IMSI attach n MSC/VLR thng qua BSS.Thng tin ny c cp nht ln HLR HLR cung cp nhng d liu v thu bao n VLR. - Th tc m mt c kch hot bao gm th tc nhn thc (tu chn) v th tc nhn dng (kim tra IMEI). - Sau khi th tc nhn thc thnh cng, VLR s phc p n MSC vi bn tin IMSI attach acknowledge

- MSC gi bn tin Clear command n MS trn knh SDCCH yu cu gii phng ti nguyn.

Location Update
-Ti sao khng qun l v tr trn cell m qun l theo LA ?
- Cp nht v tr trn mi s thay i ca cell : o Khi MS di chuyn vo vng ph ca cell khc, n s gi bn tin cp nht v tr ti mng. iu ny thun li l khng cn tm gi.Tuy nhin bn tin cp nht v tr qu ln s gy nghn knh bo hiu. -Tm gi trn tt c cc cell : o Nu coi ton mng l mt vng nh v th khng cn bn tin cp nht v tr (khng tn knh SDCCH).Nhng khi s lng bn tin tm gi qu ln s gy ra nghn knh tm gi. -> cp nht v tr theo LA l gii php cn bng ti SDCCH v PCH. -Cp nht v tr bao gm : - Cp nht v tr theo chu k (Periodic location update) : 4h cp nht 1 ln

- Cp nht v tr thng thng (Normal location update) : n nh li TMSI

- IMSI attach : khi MS bt ngun v yu cu nhp mng

Cell selection/Reselection
- Trong ch Idle, MS o lng cng tn hiu ca cc tn s trong BA list.
- MS tnh ton mc thu trung bnh ca mi cell v lu trong thng s RxLev - MS tnh ton thng s C1 ca mi cell da trn thng s RxLev v cc thng s khc. - MS thc hin so snh cc gi tr C1ca cc cell o c v bm vo cell c gi tr C1 cao nht. C1 = RxLev(n) RxLev_access_min max(0,CCHPWR-P0) i vi cell nm trong LA : C1 (new) > C1 (old) trong hn 5 giy i vi cell nm bin LA : C1 (new) > C1 (old) + OFFSET trong hn 5 giy -i GSM phase 2 : gii thiu thng s C2

- Ngn chn vic la chn cell rt nhiu khi MS di chuyn tc cao

- MS bm vo sng mang BCCH c cng sng mang mnh nht C2 = C1 + CRO Temporary_offset * H(PT T) khi PT<>11111 C2 = C1 CRO khi PT = 11111

HandOver
-Trong h thng GSM c 4 kiu chuyn giao khc nhau : Intra-cell Handover : chuyn giao gia cc knh trong cng 1 cell

Internal Handover : chuyn giao gia cc cell trong cng mt BSC

External Handover : chuyn giao gia cc cell khc BSC nhng cng MSC Outer-cell Handover : chuyn giao gia cc cell khc MSC. -Nguyn nhn Handover : quyt nh chuyn giao c da trn cc thng s sau (theo th t u tin) Cht lng tn hiu thu(Quality) Cng tn hiu thu(Rxlevel) Khong cch gia MS v BTS(TA) Lu lng(Traffic) Suy hao ng truyn(Path loss)

Power control
Chc nng iu khin cng sut: Ngn chn vic pht cng sut khng cn thit Tng tui th ca ngun Gim nhiu trong mng Cn bng mc thu cng sut ti BTS Phng php: iu chnh cng sut thch ng Truyn gin on (DTx) : Khi MS chim knh nhng khng c tn hiu thoi truyn i, h thng s t ng thm vo nhng m gi c t thng tin hn so vi tn hiu thoi thng thng tit kim cng sut v gim nhiu. Thu gin on (DRx) : Mi MS tng ng vi mt nhm knh tm gi, mi nhm knh tm gi tng ng mt phn knh tm gi.Trong Idle mode, MS ch d tm bn tin tm gi pht qung b tng ng vi phn knh tm gi.MS chn cc phn knh tm gi khc bng vic tt thit b phn cng gim cng sut.

Frequence hopping
- Mc ch :
Trung bnh ho mc nhiu trong mng. Chng fading trn 1 tn s. - Nguyn l: MS lin tc thay i tn s thu pht vi tc 217ln/s

- Cc kiu nhy tn:

Baseband hopping : s tn s nhy tn bng s TRx Synthesizer hopping : s tn s nhy tn = s TRx + 2 -Cc phng php nhy tn : Nhy tun t Nhy ngu nhin

Mobile originated call

MS
RACH

BTS
Yu cu knh (TA) Yu cu knh
Kch hot knh Kch hot knh xong

BSC

MSC/VLR

HLR/AuC

AGCH

Cp pht tc th (S hiu knh SD)

Cp pht tc th (cng sut ca MS,TA) Yu cu dch v thoi (TMSI,CKSN, type service) Yu cu kt ni SCCP Kt ni SCCP thnh cng Gi thng tin nhn thc (IMSI) Phc p thng tin nhn thc IMSI, CKSN, SRES1 (SRES2 = SRES1)

SDCCH Yu cu dch v thoi (TMSI,CKSN, type service)

SDCCH SDCCH SDCCH SDCCH

Yu cu nhn thc (SRES1) Phc p bn tin nhn thc (SRES2) Yu cu nhn dng Phc p bn tin nhn dng (IMSI)

Mobile origination call(cont)

MS
SDCCH SDCCH SDCCH SDCCH SACCH

BTS
Yu cu m mt
M mt thnh cng Thit lp cuc gi Bt u gi

BSC

MSC/VLR

HLR/AuC

(TCH, Power update)

Kch hot knh (TCH+TA+Power+DTX) Kch hot knh xong

Cp pht TCH

SDCCH FACCH FACCH FACCH FACCH

Cp pht tc th

Cp pht tc th
Cp pht TCH thnh cng Hi m chung Yu cu kt ni Kt ni thnh cng

Mobile origination call(cont)

MS
TCH FACCH FACCH FACCH

BTS
thoi
Ngng kt ni Gii phng kt ni

BSC

MSC/VLR

HLR/AuC

Chp nhn gii phng kt ni Gii phng knh Gii phng SACCH ch nh gii phng gii phng knh RF gii phng knh RF kt thc Clear complete Clear command

FACCH

gii phng knh