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s 1.
A. Trc nghim :
Cu 1: Cation X2+ v anion Y2 u c cu hnh electron phn lp
ngoi cng l 2p6. V tr X, Y trong bng tun hon l:
A. X thuc chu k 3, nhm IIA v Y thuc chu k 2, nhm VIIA.
B. X thuc chu k 3, nhm IIIA v Y thuc chu k 2, nhm VIIA.
C. X thuc chu k 3, nhm IIA v Y thuc chu k 3, nhm VIA.
D. X thuc chu k 3, nhm IIA v Y thuc chu k 2, nhm VIA.
Cu 2: Dy cc cht no ch cha lin kt n?
A. C2H4 ; C2H6.
B. CH4 ; C2H6.
C. C2H4 ; C2H2.
D. CH4 ; C2H2.
Cu 3: Hp cht Y c cng thc MX2 trong M chim 46,67% v
khi lng. Trong ht nhn M c s ntron nhiu hn s proton l 4
ht. Trong ht nhn X c s ntron bng s proton. Tng s proton
trong MX2 l 58. Vy, AM v AX ln lt l:
A. 65 v 32.
B. 24 v 32.
C. 56 v 16.
D. 56 v 32.
Cu 4: S electron ti a trong phn lp p :
A. 6.
B. 10.
C. 2.
D. 14.
Cu 5: Nhng k hiu no sau y l khng ng :
A. 3p.
B. 2d.
C. 3s.
D. 4d.
Cu 6: Khi cp electron chung lch v mt pha nguyn t, ngi ta
gi lin kt l:
A. Lin kt cng ha tr phn cc.
B. Lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc.
C. Lin kt ion.
D. Lin kt cng ha tr.
Cu 7: Cho 6,4 gam hn hp hai kim loi thuc hai chu k lin tip,
nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lt kh H 2
(ktc). Hai kim loi l:
A. Mg (M=24) v Ba (M=137).
B. Mg (M =24) v Ca (M=40).
C. Be (M = 9) v Mg (M = 24).
D. Ca (M=40) v Sr (M= 88).
Cu 8: Cu hnh no sau y l ca ion Cl (Z = 17).
A. 1s22s22p63s23p6.
B. 1s22s22p63s23p5.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1.
D. 1s22s22p63s23p4.
Cu 9: Cho phn ng : NO + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 HNO3 + K2SO4 +
Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O. Cc h s cn bng ln lt l:
A. 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 1, 3.
B. 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 1, 3.
C. 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 3.
D. 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 3, 3.
Cu 10: S oxi ha ca nguyn t N trong cc cht v ion NH4+,
Li3N, HNO2, NO2, NO3, KNO3 ln lt l:
A. 3; 3; +3; +4; 5 v +5. B. 4; 3; +3; +4; +5 v +5.
C. 3; 3; +3; +4; +5 v +5. D. 3; +3; +3; +4; +5 v +5.
Cu 11: Trong t nhin cacbon c hai ng v 126C v 136C. Nguyn t
khi trung bnh ca cacbon l 12,011. Phn trm ca ng v 12C l:
A. 45,5% .
B. 98,9%.
C. 89,9%.
D. 99,8%.
Cu 12: Nguyn t c cu hnh nguyn t 1s22s22p1 thuc v tr:
A. Chu k 2, nhm IIA.
B. Chu k 2, nhm IIIA.
C. Chu k 3, nhm IIIA.
D. Chu k 3, nhm IIA.
Cu 13: Nguyn t X c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l
3p5. Tng s electron trong v nguyn t X l:
A. 17.
B. 18.
C. 16.
D. 15.
Cu 14: Nguyn t nguyn t X c s th t l 19 trong bng tun
hon, cng thc phn t ca X vi oxi v hiro ln lt l:
A. XO v XH2.
B. XO v XH.
C. X2O v XH.
D. X2O v XH2.
Cu 15: Trong cc phn t N2, HCl, NaCl, MgO. Cc phn t c lin
kt cng ha tr l:
A. NaCl v MgO.
B. HCl v MgO.
C. N2 v NaCl.
D. N2 v HCl.
Cu 16: Cho phn ng : Cl2 +2KBr Br2 + 2KCl ; nguyn t clo:
A. khng b oxi ha, cng khng b kh.
B. ch b oxi ha.
C. va b oxi ha, va b kh.
D. ch b kh.
Cu 17: Nguyn t argon c 3 ng v 40Ar (99,63%); 36Ar (0,31%);
38
Ar (0,06%). Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Ar l :
A. 39,75.
B. 39,98.
C. 38,25.
D. 37,55.
Cu 18: Cho cc oxit: Na2O, MgO, SO3. Bit m in ca cc
nguyn t: Na, Mg, S, O ln lt l: 0,93; 1,31; 2,58; 3,44. Trong cc
oxit , oxit c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc l:
A. SO3 v MgO.
B. Na2O.
C. SO3.
D. Na2O v SO3.
Cu 19: Cc ng v c phn bit bi:
A. S ntron trong ht nhn nguyn t.
B. S in tch ht nhn nguyn t.
C. S proton trong ht nhn nguyn t.
D. S electron trong nguyn t.
Cu 20: Cho cc phn ng ha hc di y:
(1) NH4NO3 N2 + 2H2O + 1/2O2
(2) 2Ag + 2H2SO4 Ag2SO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
(3) ZnO + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2O
Phn ng oxi ha kh l:
A. (1) v (3).
B. (1) v (2).
C. (2) v (3).
D. (3).
Cu 21: Nguyn t Y l phi kim thuc chu k 3 ca bng tun hon,
Y to c hp cht kh vi hiro v cng thc oxit cao nht l YO 3.
Nguyn t Y to vi kim loi M cho hp cht c cng thc MY 2,
trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. M l:
A. Mg (24)
B. Fe (56)
C. Cu (64)
D. Zn (65).
Cu 22: Nguyn t cc nguyn t VIIA c kh nng no sau y:
A. Nhng 1 electron.
B. Nhng 7 electron.
C. Nhn 2 electron.
D. Nhn 1 electron.
Cu 23: Nguyn t A c tng s ht (p, e, n) trong nguyn t bng
48. V tr A trong bng tun hon l:
A. Chu k 2, nhm VIIA.
B. Chu k 2, nhm VIA.
C. Chu k 3, nhm IIIA
D. Chu k 3, nhm VIA.
Cu 24: Trong bng tun hon , cc nhm no sau y ch bao gm
cc kim loi:
A. VIA v VIIA.
B. IIA v VIIIA.
C. IA V VIIA.
D. IA v IIA.
Cu 25: Nguyn t nguyn t A c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi
cng l 3p2. V tr ca A trong bng tun hon l:
A. Chu k 3, nhm IIA.
B. Chu k 2, nhm IVA.
C. Chu k 4, nhm IIIA.
D. Chu k 3, nhm IVA.
Cu 26: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng kim loi l 63,546.
ng tn ti trong t nhin vi hai loi ng v l 63Cu v 65Cu. S
mol nguyn t 63Cu c trong 8 gam Cu l:
A. 0,0915.
B. 0,0015.
C. 0,0344.
D. 0,0075.
Cu 27: Cho cc nguyn t X(Z=12), Y(Z=11), M(Z=14), N (Z=13).
Tnh kim loi c sp xp theo th t gim dn l:
A. Y > X > M > N.
B. M > N > Y > X.
C. M > N > X > Y.
D. Y > X > N > M.
Cu 28: Cu hnh electron no sau y khng ng :
A. 1s22s22p7.
B. 1s22s22p6.
2
2
5
C. 1s 2s 2p .
D. 1s22s22p4.
Cu 29: ng v l nhng nguyn t c:
A. cng s ntron, khc s proton.
B. cng s proton, khc s ntron.
C. cng s electron, khc s proton.
D. cng s proton v cng s electron.
Cu 30: Tng s ht (p, n, e) ca nguyn t mt nguyn t thuc
nhm VIIA l 28. Nguyn t khi ca nguyn t ny l:
A. 19.
B. 21.
C. 18.
D. 20.
B. T lun :
Bi 1 : Nguyn t X c hai ng v l X1 , X2 v c nguyn t khi
trung binh l 24,8. ng v X2 c nhiu hn ng v X1 l 2 ntron.
Tnh s khi v t l % ca mi ng v , bit t l s ngt ca hai
ng v l X1 : X2 = 3 : 2.
Bi 2 : Hp cht kh vi hiro ca nguyn t R l RH 4. Trong oxit
cao nht ca R c 53,3 % oxi v khi lng. Tm R.
Bi 3 : Vit cng thc electron v cng thc cu to ca cc phn t
sau : Br2 ; CH3Cl ; SiO2 ; PH3 ; C2H6.
Bi 4 : Ha tan m gam Fe bng dd HNO3 d theo ptp : Fe +
HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + N2 + H2O , thu c 6,72 lit kh N2 ( ktc) v
dd cha x gam mui.
a) Cn bng phng trnh , vit qu trnh kh , oxi ha xy ra.
b) Tnh gi tr ca m v x.
c) Tnh th tch dd HNO3 1,5 M cn dng.
s 2.
A. Trc nghim :
32
16
S 2 ln lt l:
A. S p=16 , n = 16 , e = 18.
B. S p=16 , n = 18 , e = 18.
C. S p=16 , n = 16 , e = 16.
D. S p=32 , n = 16 , e = 18.
Cu 20: Trong lp M c s phn lp l : A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3.
Cu 21: C 3 nguyn t : 126X , 147Y v 146Z. Nhng nguyn t no l
ng v ca 1 nguyn t ?
A. X v Z.
B. Y v Z.
C. X, Y v Z.
D. X v Y.
15
7
12
5
12
6
14
7
. Cc
nguyn t ng v ca nhau l :
A. X , Y.
B. X , T.
C. X, Y , T.
D. Z , T.
Cu 28: S OXH ca Mn v Cr trong KMnO4 v K2Cr2O7 ln lt l:
A. 7+ v 6+.
B. 7 v 6.
C. +7 v +6.
D. +6 v +7.
Cu 29: Trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t, lp th 3 c 14 e. S
th t ca nguyn t l :
A. 30.
B. 26.
C. 22.
D. 24.
Cu 30: Cho cc nguyn t X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19).
m in ca cc nguyn t tng dn theo th t :
A. X < Y < R.
B. X < R < Y.
C. Y < X < R.
D. R < X < Y.
B. T lun :
Bi 1 : Ngt X ca nguyn t R c tng s ht c bn l 46. S ht
khng mang in bng 8/15 s ht mang in.
a) Xc nh tn R.
b) Y l ng v ca X. Y c t hn X l 1 ntron v Y chim 4% v s
ngt ca R. Tnh ngt lng trung bnh ca R.
Bi 2 : Nguyn t Cl trong t nhin l mt hh gm hai ng v 35Cl
v 37Cl .Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Clo l 35,5.Tnh phn trm v
khi lng ca 35Cl trong mui kaliclorat KClO3 .
Bi 3 : ha tan hon ton 1,16 g mt hidroxit kim loi R ho tr
II cn dng 1,46 g HCl. Xc nh tn kim loi R, vit cng thc
hidroxit.
Bi 4 : Hai ngt X, Y c:
Tng s in tch ht nhn bng 16.
Hiu s in tch ht nhn bng 2.
a) Xc nh v tr ca X, Y trong bng HTTH.
b) Vit cng thc electron v cng thc cu to ca hp cht to thnh
ln lt bi X , Y vi hydro .
Bi 5 : X l nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII. Oxit cao
nht ca n c phn t khi l 272 vC.
a) Xc nh tn X.
b) Y l kim loi ha tr II. Cho 10,08 lt kh X (kc) tc dng Y thu
c 90 g mui. Tm tn Y.
Bi 6 : Ha tan m gam Zn bng dd HNO3 0,25M (va ) thu
c 0,03 mol NO v 0,02 mol NO2 v dd cha x gam mui.
a) Vit phng trnh p v cc qu trnh kh , oxi ha xy ra.
b) Tnh gi tr ca m v x.
c) Tnh th tch dd HNO3 0,25M cn dng.
Bi 7 : ho tan hon ton 8,1g mt kim loi nhm IIIA cn dng
450 ml dung dch HCl 2,0M, thu c dd A v V lit kh H2 (ktc).
a) Xc nh nguyn t khi ca kim loi trn, cho bit tn kim loi .
b) Tnh gi tr V.
c) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch A, xem nh th tch dung dch
thay i khng ng k.
s 4.
A. Trc nghim :
Cu 1: Tng s proton trong ion XA32 l 40. Nguyn t X v A ln
lt l : A. 15P , 16S. B. 14Si , 8O.
C. 16S , 8O.
D. 6C , 8O.
Cu 2: Cho s phn ng : S FeS SO2 SO3 NaHSO3.
Tng s phn ng oxi ho kh l :
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 3: Cho phng trnh : 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 +
2KCl +8 H2O. H s phn t HCl ng vai tr cht kh v mi
trng trong phng trnh ln lt l :
A. 4 ,10.
B. 10,4.
C. 6, 10.
D. 10, 6.
Cu 4: Anion X v cation Y2+ u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi
cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca X v Y trong bng tun hon l:
A. u chu k 3, nhm tng ng l VIIA v IIA.
B. X chu k 3, nhm VIIA ; Y chu k 4, nhm VIA
C. X chu k 3, nhm VIIA ; Y chu k 4, nhm IIA
D. X chu k 3, nhm VA ; Y chu k 4, nhm IIA
Cu 5: Tng s nguyn t c trong 36 gam NH4NO3 l bao nhiu?
(bit NA =6,02.1023 ; H=1 ; N=14 ; O=16)
A. 24,3.1022.
B. 2,709. 1023. C. 24,38. 1023.
D. 27,09. 1023.
Cu 6: Cho 1,82 g mt kim loi kim tc dng ht vi 48,44 gam
nc , sau phn ng thu c 2,912 lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch X .
Kim loi kim v nng phn trm dung dch X l :
A. Li , 12,48 %.
B. Li , 44%.
C. Na , 31,65 %.
D. Na , 44%.
Cu 7: Liti c 2 ng v l 36Li v 37Li. Nguyn t khi trung bnh
ca liti l 6,94. % khi lng ca ng v 37Li trong Li2O l :
A. 44%.
B. 37 %.
C. 2,4 %.
D. 53,5%.
Cu 8: Cho cc ht vi m: Al3+, 13Al, 11Na, Mg2+, 12Mg. Dy no
sau y c xp ng th t bn knh ht nhn :
A. Al3+< Mg2+ <Al <Mg <Na. B. Na <Mg <Mg2+<Al3+<Al.
C. Mg2+<Al3+<Al <Mg <Na.
D. Al3+<Mg2+<Al <Na <Mg.
Cu 9: Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca nguyn t d ?
A. 1s22s22p63s2.
B. 1s22s22p63s23p5.
2
2
6
2
6
10
2
5
2
2
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p . D. 1s 2s 2p63s23p63d104s2.
Cu 10: Nguyn t ho hc l:
A. tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s khi.
B. tp hp cc nguyn t c s ntron ging nhau.
C. tp hp cc nguyn t c khi lng ging nhau.
D. tp hp cc nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn.
Cu 11: Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t 13 Al , 9F; in ho tr ca
nhm ,Flo trong AlF3 ln lt l :
A. 3+, 1 .
B. 3, 1.
C. +3, +1.
D. +3, 1.
Cu 12: Nguyn t nguyn t R c tng s cc loi ht l 180. S ht
mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 32. S ntron ca R
l : A. 53.
B. 75.
C. 74.
D. 70.
Cu 13: Trong phn ng no HCl ng vai tr cht oxi ho ?
A. MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2+ 2H2O.
B. Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 .
C. AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3.
D. Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl FeCl3 + 3H2O.
Cu 14: Hai nguyn t A, B thuc hai chu k k tip trong mt nhm
A ca bng tun hon c tng s n v in tch ht nhn l 22. Hai
nguyn t A, B c s proton l :
A. 7, 15.
B. 8, 14.
C. 2, 20.
D. 4,18.
Cu 15: Cho nguyn t ca nguyn t c Fe (Z=26) cu hnh
electron ca Fe v Fe2+ ln lt l :
A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 ; 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1.
B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 ; 1s22s22p63s23p63d6.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 ; 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d4.
D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 ; 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2.
Cu 16: C cc ng v 11 H ; 21 H v 168 O ; 178 O ; 188 O . S phn t H2O
khc loi c to nn t cc ng v trn ca hiro v oxi l :
A. 18.
B. 12.
C. 6.
D. 9.
Cu 17: Cho phn ng: HNO3 + Fe3O4 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O.
Tng cc h s (nguyn dng ti gin) trong phng trnh ca phn
ng l : A. 45.
B. 55.
C. 48.
D. 20.
Cu 18: Cho cc phng trnh :
(1) 2HCl + Ba BaCl2 + H2.