Sampling Techniques

Tran Van Hoang (MA.)

Xac nh c mau

C ma u:

z / 2
2

Trong o : - n: So n vca n ie u tra - z/2 la he so tin ca y c tra t ba ng - : Sai so cho phe p

Z tra t bng phn phi chun; hoc hm Excel: = NORMSINV(1-a/2)
Chap 5-2 Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Xac nh c mau
V du 1: Ngi ta tien hanh ieu tra chon mau e xac nh mc thu nhap trung bnh trong nam cua cac ho gia nh nong dan vi yeu cau:

Sai so 20.000 o tin cay 95%.

o lech tieu chuan ve thu nhap c tnh la 160.000d.

z / 2
2

1,96 .160 246 2 20

Chap 5-3 Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Xac nh c mau, c lng t l

(1 p ) z / 2 p
2

2 p

Trong o : P^: Ty le ca mu z/2 la he so tin ca y c tra t ba ng p: sai so cho phe p

Chap 5-4

Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Xac nh c mau V du: iu tra v ty le cac ho dan tren a ban Tp HCM co s dung tai khoan ngan hang vi yeu cau sai so 1%, o tin cay 95%, ty le mot cuoc khao sat th nghiem trc o la 9%. Xac nh so ngi can ieu tra (n).

(1 p ) z p
2

1,96 (0,09 ).( 0,91) 3.146 2 0,01

Chap 5-5

Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Sampling techniques
Samples

Non-Probability Samples

Probability Samples

Judgement

Quota

Simple Random

Systematic

Convenience

Cluster Stratified

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Probability sampling
Items of the sample are chosen based on known or calculable probabilities Probability Samples

Simple random

Stratified

Systematic

Cluster

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Chon mau ngau nhien n gian

Simple Random Samples

Lp danh sch cc i tng v sp xp theo th t t 1 n N La chn cc n v mu bng cch bc thm, quay s

u im: Nhanh
Nhc im: Kh thc hin i vi cc tng th ln

VD: Lp danh sch cc DN XK go theo th t ABC

Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Ly mu h thng Systematic Samples Lp danh sch cc i tng v sp xp theo th t t 1 n N Xc nh c mu mun ly (n) Xc nh khong cch chn mu (k)

Trong k n v ngu nhin chn 1 mu, cc mu tip theo ti v tr 2k, 3k

Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Ly mu h thng Systematic Samples VD: N=60, n=10, k = N/n=6 Chon 1 so ngau nhien trong khoang 1-6, chang han chon c so 4, ta se co cac n v mau la 4, 10,16,22,28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58

Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Ly mu theo khi (cm) Cluster Samples Tng th c chia thnh cc khi

Chn ngu nhin cc khi iu tra

u im: gn nh, ph hp cho nhng tng th c s n v ln, khng phi lp danh sch tng th m ch lp danh sch khi Nhc im: Sai s cao

Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Ly mu theo khi (cm) Cluster Samples V d: iu tra mc sng h gia nh trn a bn thnh ph, kh lp danh sch cc h gia nh, nhng c th lp danh sch cc Phng, mi Phng c coi l 1 khi.

Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Ly mu phn tng Stratified Samples S dng khi cc i v khc nhau v tnh cht (Thu nhp, sinh vin cc kha) Tng th c chia thnh cc tng mi tng ny ly mu theo phng php ly mu ngu nhin n gin hay mu h thng Do s n v mi tng l khc nhau nn c mu ly ra mi tng cng khc nhau da trn t l ca tng so vi tng th
Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Ly mu phn tng Stratified Samples

H o to Chnh quy Hon chnh Bng 2 Ti chc Cao hc S sinh vin 10.000 2.000 2.000 5.000 1.000 20.000 % sinh vin 50 10 10 25 5 100 S sinh vin ly ra tng tng 500 100 100 250 50 1.000

Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Chn mu phi ngu nhin

Non-probability sampling

Lay mau thuan tien (Convenient sampling) Lay mau nh mc (Quota sampling) Lay mau phan oan (Judgement sampling)

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Lay mau thuan tien

Convenient sampling

Mau thuan tien c dung khi muon co mot c lng s bo ve ket qua ban quan tam ma khong muon mat nhieu thi gian va chi ph Co the lay mau thuan tien bang cach en nhng ni co kha nang gap oi tng ieu tra thuan tien nhat theo thi gian, hoan canh, a iem.

Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Lay mau phan oan

Judgement sampling

Trong lay mau phan oan, chung ta phai quyet nh e chon oi tng tham gia hp tac vao mau khao sat bang cac phan oan cac oi tng thch hp e ieu tra. Tnh ai dien cua mau khao sat thc te se phu thuoc nhieu vao kien thc va kinh nghiem cua ngi nghien cu ieu tra, kien thc va mc o hp tac cua oi tng ieu tra

Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Lay mau nh mc
Quota sampling

Lay mau nh mc tng t lay mau xac suat phan tang v trc tien phai chia tong the thanh cac tang. Trong tng tong the con, ngi phong van co the chon oi tng ieu tra theo cach thuan tien hoac phan oan.

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Tham kho thm cc silde ting Anh bn di.

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Simple Random Samples

Every individual or item from the population has an equal chance of being selected Selection may be with replacement or without replacement Samples can be obtained from a table of random numbers or computer random number generators

Ths. Tran Van Hoang

Simple Random Samples

Every individual or item from the population has an equal chance of being selected Selection may be with replacement or without replacement Samples can be obtained from a table of random numbers or computer random number generators
Business Statistics: A Chap 1-21

Stratified Samples
Population divided into subgroups (called strata) according to some common characteristic Simple random sample selected from each subgroup

Samples from subgroups are combined into one

Population Divided into 4 strata

Sample
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Systematic Samples
Decide on sample size: n

Divide frame of N individuals into groups of k individuals: k=N/n

Randomly select one individual from the 1st group Select every kth individual thereafter
N = 64 n=8

k=8

First Group

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Cluster Samples
Population is divided into several clusters, each representative of the population A simple random sample of clusters is selected
All items in the selected clusters can be used, or items can be chosen from a cluster using another probability sampling technique
Population divided into 16 clusters.

Randomly selected clusters for sample

Ths. Tran Van Hoang

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