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HP TH

Bi 1.
Hy biu din thnh phn hn hp lng gm cc cu t sau theo phn khi lng,
phn mol, phn th tch.
#

Cu t

Mi (kg/kmol)

i (kg/m3)

Mi(kg)

Metanol

32

792

160

Propanol

60

804

225

Butanol

74

810

400

Octanol

130

130

70

Bi gii
Mi
i
(kg/kmol) (kg/m3)

Mi
(kg)

ni =

mi
(kmol)
Mi

Vi =

mi 3
(m )
i

Cu t

Metanol

32

792

160

5,000

0,202

Propanol

60

804

225

3,750

0,280

Butanol

74

810

400

5,405

0,494

Octanol

130

130

70

0,538

0,538

Hn hp c:
GX = mi = 160+225+400+70=855 kg
nX = ni = 5+3,750+5,405+0,538=14,693 kmol
Vx = Vi = 0,202+0,280+0,494+0,538=1,514 m3
Thnh phn khi lng ca hn hp:
x1 =

m1 160
=
= 0,187 kg kg
GX 855

x2 =

m2 225
=
= 0,263 kg kg
GX 855

x3 =

m3 400
=
= 0,468 kg kg
GX 855

x4 =

m4
70
=
= 0,082 kg kg
GX 855

Thnh phn mol ca hn hp:


~1~

x1 =

n1
5
=
= 0,340 kmol/kmol
nX 14.693

x2 =

n2
53,75
=
= 0,255kmol/kmol
nX 14,693

x3 =

n3
5.405
=
= 0,368kmol/kmol
nX 14.693

x4 =

n4
0,538
=
= 0,037kmol/kmol
nX 14,693

Thnh phn th tch ca hn hp:


v1 =

V1 0,202
=
= 0,133 m3 /m3
VX 1,514

v2 =

V2 0,280
=
= 0,185 m3 /m3
VX 1,514

v3 =

V3 0,494
=
= 0,326 m3 /m3
VX 1,514

v4 =

V4 0,538
=
= 0,355 m3 /m3
VX 1,514

Bi 2.
Mt hn hp kh c thnh phn nh sau:
#

Cu t

Mi (kg/kmol)

yi(% mol)

Metan

16

30

Etan

30

47

Pentan

72

23

Xc nh phn khi lng ca hn hp kh trn, th tch ca tng cu t trong


100 kmol hn hp kh iu kin chun v iu kin p = 10 at, t = 80oC.
Bi gii
#

Cu t

Mi
(kg/kmol)

yi(% mol)

ni = yi . nY (kmol)

mi = ni . Mi (kg)

Metan

16

30

30

480

Etan

30

47

47

1410

Pentan

72

23

23

1656

~2~

Ta c:
ny = ni=100 kmol
mY = mi = 480+1410+1656=3546 kg
Vo = 100.22,4 = 2240 m3
V=

nY RT 100.0,082.353
=
= 2894,6 m3
p
1
Phn khi lng ca hn hp kh:

m1
480
y1 =
=
= 0,135 kg/kg
mY 3546
m2 1410
y2 =
=
= 0,398 kg/kg
mY 3546
y3 = 1 y1 + y2 = 1 0,135 + 0,398 = 0,467kg/kg
Th tch ca tng cu t iu kin chun:
V1o = y1 V o = 0,3.2240 = 672 m3
V2o = y2 V o = 0,47.2240 = 1052,8 m3
V3o = y3 V o = 0,23.2240 = 515,2 m3
Th tch ca tng cu t iu kin p = 1at, t=80oC:
V1 = y1 V = 0,3.2894,6 = 868,38 m3
V2 = y2 V = 0,47.2894,6 = 1360,462 m3
V3 = y3 V = 0,23.2894,6 = 665,758 m3
Bi 3.
Hy xc nh h s khuch tn ca SO2, H2S, CO2 trong mi trng khng kh v
nc iu kin p=1 at, t= 40oC.
Bi gii
a.
H s khuch tn ca SO2, H2S, CO2 trong khng kh c tnh theo cng thc sau:
DA =

0,0043. 10
p

1
vA3

3
. T2

1
3
vkk

1
1 1 2
+
)2 , m /s
MA Mkk

~3~

Trong :
A SO2 , H2 S hoc CO2 ;
MA , Mkk khi lng mol ca A v khng kh, kg/kmol;
vA , vkk th tch mol ca A v khng kh, cm3/mol;
A

MA , kg/kmol

vA , cm3 /mol

Mkk = 29,9 kg/kmol

SO2

64

44,8

vkk = 29,9 cm3 /mol

H2 S

34

32,9

CO2

44

34

T = 313K;
p = 1 at.
Ta c:
3

DSO 2

DH 2 S =

0,0043. 104 . 3132 1


1 1
=
(
+
)2 = 1,2. 105 m2 /s
1
1
64 29
1. 44,83 + 29,93
0,0043. 10
1.

1
32,93

3
. 3132

1
29,93

1
1 1
+ )2 = 1,5126. 105 m2 /s
34 29

DSO 2

0,0043. 104 . 3132 1


1 1
=
(
+
)2 = 1,4154. 105 m2 /s
1
1
44
29
1. 343 + 29,93

b.
H s khuch tn ca SO2, H2S, CO2 trong nc 20oC c tnh theo cng thc
sau:
106 (
DoA,H 2 O =

1
1 12
+
)
MA MH 2 O

1
1
2
abH O,20 (vA3
2

Trong :
A SO2 , H2 S hoc CO2 ;
a l h s hiu chnh ca A;
~4~

1
vH3 O )2
2

, m2 /s

b l h s hiu chnh ca H2O;


MA , MH 2 O khi lng mol ca A v H2O, kg/kmol;
vA , vH 2 O th tch mol ca A v H2O, cm3/mol;
H

2 O,20

nht ng lc hc ca H2O 20oC, cP;

MA , kg/kmol

vA , cm3 /mol

a = 1, b = 4,7

SO2

64

44,8

MH 2 O = 18kg/kmol

H2 S

34

32,9

vH 2 O = 18,9cm3/mol

CO2

44

34

2 O,20

= 1,005cP

Ta c:
DoSO 2 ,H 2 O =

DoH 2 S,H 2 O =

106 (

1
1 1
+ )2
64 18

1
1
1.4,7.1,0052 . (44, 82

106 (

1
18, 92 )2

1
1 1
+ )2
34 18

1
1
2
1.4,7.1,005 . (32, 92

1
18, 92 )2

1
1 12
10 ( + )
44 18

= 1,4658.109 m2 /s

= 1,7967.109 m2 /s

DoCO 2 ,H 2 O =

1
1
1.4,7.1,0052 . (342

1
18, 92 )2

= 1,7040.109 m2 /s

H s khuch tn ca SO2, H2S, CO2 trong nc 40oC c tnh theo cng thc
sau:
DA,H 2 O = DoA,H 2 O 1 + t 20 , m2 /s
vi:
=
H

1
0,22H O ,20
2
1
3H O ,20
2

2 O,20

0,2.1,0052
1

= 0,02

9983

= 998kg/m3 khi lng ring ca H2O 20oC

Do :
DSO 2 ,H 2 O = 1,4658. 109 . 1 + 0,02 40 20

= 2,0521. 109 m2 /s

DH 2 S,H 2 O = 1,7967.109 . 1 + 0,02 40 20

= 2,5154. 109 m2 /s

~5~

DCO 2 ,H 2 O = 1,7040.109 . 1 + 0,02 40 20

= 2,3856. 109 m2 /s

Bi 4.
Tnh h s chuyn khi ca qu trnh hp th CO2 t hn hp khi thi. Bit:
Qu trnh c tin hnh trong thp m c tng b mt tip xc pha F = 4500 m2;
Hn hp kh i vo thp c lu lng Gy = 5000N m3/h;
Dung mi c s dng l nc Gx = 650 m3/h;
Nng CO2 trong khi thi i vo thp y = 28,4% th tch;
Hiu sut ca qu trnh hp th =98%;
Thp lm vic iu kin p = 16,5 at, t = 15oC.
Bi gii
Lu lng hn hp kh:
Gy =

yc

Gx,x

5000
= 223,21 kmol/h
22,4

Lu lng nc:
Gx =

650.1000
= 36111,11 kmol/h
18

Nng u ca CO2 trong pha kh:


y = 0,284 kmol CO2 kmol pha kh
Gy, y

Nng cui ca CO2 trong pha kh:


yc =
=

xc

Gy y 1
GCO 2 tho t ra
=
GCO 2 tho t ra + Gtr Gy y 1 + Gy 1 y
y (1 ) 0,284(1 0,98)
=
= 0,008 kmol CO2 kmol pha kh
1 y
1 0,284.0,98

Lng CO2 c hp th: G = Gy y = 223,21.0,284.0,98 = 62,12 kmol CO2 /h


Nng u ca CO2 trong pha lng:
x = 0
Nng cui ca CO2 trong pha lng:

~6~

xc =

G
62,12
=
= 0,0017 kmolCO2 kmol pha lng
G + Gx 62,12 + 36111,11

Phng trnh ng cn bng:

y = mx = x
p
15oC c = 0,93. 106 torr, p=16,5 at = 12540 torr
0,93. 106
m=
= 74,16
12540
y = 74,16x
Ta c:
y = 74,16x = 74,16.0 = 0
0.30

0.2840

0.25
0.20
0.15
0.1261

0.10
0.05
0.00

ng lm vic
ng cn bng

0.0080
0.0000

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

th biu din ng lc ca qu trnh chuyn khi


yc = 74,16.0,0017 = 0,1261 kmol CO2 kmol pha kh
ng lc chuyn khi nh thp m:
y1 = yc y = 0,008 0 = 0,008 kmol CO2 kmol pha kh
ng lc chuyn khi y thp m:
y2 = y yc = 0,284 0,1261 = 0,1579 kmol CO2 kmol pha kh
ng lc trung bnh ca qu trnh chuyn khi:
ytb =

y2 y1 0,1579 0,008
=
= 0,0503 kmolCO2 kmol pha kh
y2
0,1579
ln
ln
y1
0,008

H s chuyn khi:

~7~

ky =

G
62,12
=
= 0,2744 kmolCO2 m2 . h . ytb = 1
F. ytb 4500.0,0503

Bi 5.
Xc nh s n v chuyn khi my ca qu trnh hp th NH3 bng nc iu kin
p = 1 at, t = 25oC vi
Y = 0,03 kmol NH3/ kmol kh tr, Yc = 0,003 kmol NH3/kmol kh tr
X = 0 kmol NH3/ kmol H2O, Xc = 0,02 kmol NH3/kmol H2O
X, kmol NH3/ kmol 0
H2O

0,005

0,010

0,0125

Y*, kmol NH3/ kmol 0


kh tr

0,0045

0,0102 0,0138

0,015

0,020

0,023

0,0183 0,0273 0,0327

Bi gii
Phng trnh ng lm vic:
Y= AX+B
Ta c:
Y = AXc + B
0,03 = A. 0,02 + B
A = 1,35

Yc = AX + B
0,003 = A. 0 + B
B = 0,003
Y = 1,35X + 0,003
S n v chuyn khi c tnh theo cng thc:
Y

my =
Yc

1
dY
Y Y

Ta tnh s n v chuyn khi theo th tch phn.


Bng s liu cho th tch phn
X
Y

Y
1
Y Y

0.0000

0.0050

0.0100

0.0125

0.0150

0.0200

0.0000

0.0045

0.0102

0.0138

0.0183

0.0273

0.0030
333.3333

0.0098
190.4762

0.0165
158.7302

0.0199
0.0233
164.6091 202.0202

0.0300
370.3704

~8~

th tch phn

S n v chuyn khi = din tch hnh thang cong= S = 5,8134

~9~

TRCH LY
Bi 1.
H 3 cu t nc (A) Axeton (B) Tricloetan(C) c s liu ng cn bng nh
sau (tnh theo % khi lng):
Lp nc ()
A

93,52

5,86

Lp Tricloetan ()
S

0,52 0,31

8,75

Lp nc ()
A

Lp Tricloetan ()
S

90,93 62,65 35,75 1,60

4,26

48,21 47,53

85,35 13,97 0,68 0,90 20,78 78,32 50,20 46,05 3,75

8,90

57,40 33,70

80,16 19,03 0,79 1,33 27,66 71,01 41,70 51,78 6,52 13,40 60,34 26,26
73,00 26,00 1,00 2,09 37,06 60,85
M=100 kg, B=40 kg
a. Xy dng ng lin hp khi thnh phn pha Raphinat: xA,R = 63,95%, xB,R =
29,54%, xS,R = 1,11%.
b. R,E?
Bi gii
Thnh phn pha trch: yA,E = 2,66%, yB,E = 41,11%, yS,E = 56,23%.
Cc phng trnh cn bng vt liu:
M = R + E = 100
B = RxB,R + EyB,E = 0,2954R + 0.4111E = 40

R = 90,41 kg
E = 9,59 kg

~ 10 ~

Bi 2.
Dng CS2 trch ly I2trong nc thi.
Hm lng I2 trong nc l 1 g/l
H s phn b ca I2trong CS2 v nc k=588,24
Coi CS2 v nc khng tan ln vo nhau
F=1000 l, hm lng I2 trong nc thi = 1g/l
a. Trch ly 1 bc n gin
b. Trch ly 5 bc cho dng vi S1=S2==S5=S=10 l
Tnh lng I2 tch c trong cc trng hp v nhn xt?
~ 11 ~

Bi gii
a. Phng trnh cn bng vt liu vit cho I2:
AXo = SY + AX
Quan h cn bng : Y = kX
X=

Xo
S
1+k
A

1
50
1 + 588,24.
1000

= 0,033 g/

Lng I2 tch ra: mI2 = 1000 1 0,033 = 967g


b.

Cc phng trnh cn bng vtl liu vit cho I2:


AXo = S1 Y1 + AX1 X1 =

AX1 = S2 Y2 + AX2 X2 =

Xo
1+k

S
A

Xo
S
(1 + k )2
A

.
AX4 = S5 Y5 + AX5 X5 =

X5 =

1
(1 + 588,24.

10 5
)
1000

Xo
S
(1 + k )5
A

= 6,476. 105 g/l

Lng I2 tch ra: mI2 = 1000 1 6,476. 105 = 999,935g


Nhn xt:
Vi cng mt lng dung mi th, phng php trch ly nhiu bc hiu qu
hn phng php trch ly mt bc n gin.

~ 12 ~

Bi 3.
Dng MIK(Metylizoketon) trch ly 1 bc n gin Axeton trong nc thi.
F = 100 kg, 75% khi lng nc v 25% khi lng Axeton
S=100 kg
S liu cn bng ca h 3 cu t Nc (A) Axton (B) MIK (S) (tnh theo % khi
lng):
Lp nc ()

Lp MIK ()

97,5

2,5

3,3

96,7

75

20

30

65

65

30

14

46

40

a. Smax, Smin ?
b. R,E?
Bi gii
a. Lng MIK ti thiu ng vi im N:
Smin = F.

FN"
4,4
= 100.
= 5,13 kg
85,7
SN"

Lng MIK ti a ng vi im N:
Smax = F.

FN
86,2
= 100.
= 2155 kg
4,0
SN

b. im N l hn hp gia nc thi v MIK c xc nh l trung im ca

100

100

SF ( =

= 1), tng ng vi ng lin hp RE.

Thnh phn pha Raphinat: xA,R = 85,6%, xB,R = 10,1%, xS,R = 4,3%.
Thnh phn pha trch: yA,E = 3,4%, yB,E = 14,2%, yS,E = 82,4%.
Ta c cc phng trnh:
F + S = N = R + E = 100 + 100 = 200
R NE 33,3
=
=
E NR 47,1

R = 82,84 kg
E = 117,16 kg
~ 13 ~

~ 14 ~

trch ly:
=

E. yB,E 117,16.0,142
=
= 66,55%
B
25

Bi 4.
Dng Tricloetan trch ly nhiu bc ngc chiu Axeton trong nc thi.
F=100 kg/h, 50% khi lng Axeton v 50% khi lng nc.
S=30kg/h, t=25oC
xB,R = 10% khi lng
Tnh s bc trch ly?
Bi gii
im F ng vi nc thi l trung im ca on AB
im N ng vi hn hp ca nc thi vi Tricloetan nm trn SF v xc nh
bi:

30
3
= =
=
100 10
N=S+F=Rn+E1E1l giao im ca RnN vi ng cn bng
im cc P l giao im ca E1F v SRn.
V cc ng lin hp, mi ng lin hp ng vi mt bc trch ly ngc
chiu.
S bc trch ly = s ng lin hp = 5.

~ 15 ~

~ 16 ~

CHNG LUYN
Bi 1.
Chng luyn lin tc hn hp metanol nc
p= 1 at
xF = 31,5% mol, xP = 97,5% mol, xW = 1,1% mol.
R = 1,77Rmin
Hn hp F nhit si
Tnh: S bc thay i nng ?
Bi gii
Bng s liu cn bng lng hi metanol nc:
X % khi lng
Y* % khi lng
x % mol
y* % mol
1
7.3
0.0056
0.0424
4
23.5
0.0229
0.1473
6
31.5
0.0347
0.2055
10
43.4
0.0588
0.3013
20
61
0.1233
0.4680
30
70.5
0.1942
0.5734
40
76.7
0.2727
0.6493
50
81.2
0.3600
0.7084
60
84.8
0.4576
0.7583
70
88.3
0.5676
0.8093
80
92.1
0.6923
0.8677
90
96
0.8351
0.9310
Ni suy t bng s liu cn bng lng hi metanol nc ta c = 0,6804.
Ch s hi lu ti thiu:

0.975 0.6804
=
=
= 0.8062
0.6804 0.315

Ch s hi lu thc t:
= 1,77 = 1,77.0,8062 = 1,4270
Phng trnh ng lm vic on luyn:
=

+
+1
+1
~ 17 ~

1,4270
0,975
+
1,4270 + 1
1,4270 + 1
= 0,5880 + 0,4017
=

T y ta v c th y x xc nh s bc thay i nng

S bc thay i nng = 11
Bi 2.
Chng luyn lin tc hn hp Benzen Xylen
p sut lm vic p = 2 at
F = 5000 kg/h, xF = 45 % mol, xP = 98 % mol, xW = 1,5 % mol
Hn hp F nhit si
Tnh: Ch s hi lu thch hp Ropt v s a l thuyt Nlt tng ng?
Lng sn phm nh P v lng sn phm y W?
Bi gii
Bng s liu cn bng lng hi Benzen Xylen:
x (% mol)

0.03

0.05

0.10

0.20
~ 18 ~

0.30

0.45

0.60

0.90

y (% mol)

0.103 0.159 0.272 0.447 0.572 0.727 0.838

0.972

Ch s hi lu ti thiu:

0.98 0.727
=
=
= 0.9134
0.727 0.45

Ta xc nh Ropt theo iu kin thp chng luyn c kch thc b nht nhng
c ch lm vic tt nht. im cc tiu ca th quan h Nlt(R+1) = f(R) cho ta
Ropt.
Ta ln lt cho R=Rmin (=1,1; 1,2;) ri v th y x xc nh Nlt tng
ng, sau , v v tm im cc tiu ca th quan h Nlt(R+1) = f(R).

~ 19 ~

~ 20 ~

Bng kt qu tnh ton:


#

Nlt

Nlt(R+1)

Rmin = 0.9134

1,1

1.0047

17

34.0799

1,2

1.0961

15

31.4415

1,3

1.1874

14

30.6236

1,4

1.2788

13

29.6244

1,5

1.3701

12

28.4412

1,6

12

1.4614

29.5368

Nlt min = 7

= 1.5245 = 1,3925
=

23,3708
23,3708
=
= 9,7684 10
+ 1 1,3925 + 1

Lng hn hp u:
F = 5000 kg/h, xF = 45 % mol
0,45.5000
1 0,45 . 5000
+
= 54,7896 kmol/h
78
106
Lng sn phm nh:
F=

P=F

xF xW
0,45 0,015
= 54,7896
= 24,6979 kmol Benzen/h
xP xW
0,98 0,015

Lng sn phm y:
W = F P =54,7896 24,6979 = 30, 0917 kmol Xylen/h
Bi 3.
Chng n gin (gin on) hn hp ru etylic nc
F = 1000 kg, xF = 60 % khi lng, xW = 5 % khi lng
Tnh: Lng sn phm y v lng sn phm nh?
Bi gii
Hn hp u:
~ 21 ~

F = 1000 kg, xF = 60 % khi lng


F=

600 400
+
= 35,2657 kmol
46
18

Bng s liu cn bng lng hi ru etylic nc:


X (% khi lng)
2.5
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80

Y* (% khi lng)
25
36
51.6
60
65.5
69
71
72.8
74
75.4
76.7
77.8
78.9
80
81
83.5
85.5

X (% mol)
0.0099
0.0202
0.0417
0.0646
0.0891
0.1154
0.1436
0.1740
0.2069
0.2425
0.2813
0.3235
0.3699
0.4209
0.4773
0.5400
0.6102

~ 22 ~

y* (% mol)
0.1154
0.1804
0.2944
0.3699
0.4262
0.4655
0.4893
0.5116
0.5269
0.5453
0.5630
0.5783
0.5940
0.6102
0.6252
0.6645
0.6976

1/(y*-x*)
9.483092
6.2414
3.9572
3.2758
2.9661
2.8561
2.8930
2.9628
3.1250
3.3024
3.5498
3.9252
4.4610
5.282448
6.75942
8.034953
11.43206

Lng sn phm y:
F
=
W

xF
xW

dx
=S
yx

35,2657
= 1,2071
W
35,2657
W = 1,2071 = 10,5467 kmol nc
e
Lng sn phm nh:

P = F W = 35,2657 10,5467 = 24,7190 kmol ru etylic

~ 23 ~

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