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Bi 1.
Hy biu din thnh phn hn hp lng gm cc cu t sau theo phn khi lng,
phn mol, phn th tch.
#
Cu t
Mi (kg/kmol)
i (kg/m3)
Mi(kg)
Metanol
32
792
160
Propanol
60
804
225
Butanol
74
810
400
Octanol
130
130
70
Bi gii
Mi
i
(kg/kmol) (kg/m3)
Mi
(kg)
ni =
mi
(kmol)
Mi
Vi =
mi 3
(m )
i
Cu t
Metanol
32
792
160
5,000
0,202
Propanol
60
804
225
3,750
0,280
Butanol
74
810
400
5,405
0,494
Octanol
130
130
70
0,538
0,538
Hn hp c:
GX = mi = 160+225+400+70=855 kg
nX = ni = 5+3,750+5,405+0,538=14,693 kmol
Vx = Vi = 0,202+0,280+0,494+0,538=1,514 m3
Thnh phn khi lng ca hn hp:
x1 =
m1 160
=
= 0,187 kg kg
GX 855
x2 =
m2 225
=
= 0,263 kg kg
GX 855
x3 =
m3 400
=
= 0,468 kg kg
GX 855
x4 =
m4
70
=
= 0,082 kg kg
GX 855
x1 =
n1
5
=
= 0,340 kmol/kmol
nX 14.693
x2 =
n2
53,75
=
= 0,255kmol/kmol
nX 14,693
x3 =
n3
5.405
=
= 0,368kmol/kmol
nX 14.693
x4 =
n4
0,538
=
= 0,037kmol/kmol
nX 14,693
V1 0,202
=
= 0,133 m3 /m3
VX 1,514
v2 =
V2 0,280
=
= 0,185 m3 /m3
VX 1,514
v3 =
V3 0,494
=
= 0,326 m3 /m3
VX 1,514
v4 =
V4 0,538
=
= 0,355 m3 /m3
VX 1,514
Bi 2.
Mt hn hp kh c thnh phn nh sau:
#
Cu t
Mi (kg/kmol)
yi(% mol)
Metan
16
30
Etan
30
47
Pentan
72
23
Cu t
Mi
(kg/kmol)
yi(% mol)
ni = yi . nY (kmol)
mi = ni . Mi (kg)
Metan
16
30
30
480
Etan
30
47
47
1410
Pentan
72
23
23
1656
~2~
Ta c:
ny = ni=100 kmol
mY = mi = 480+1410+1656=3546 kg
Vo = 100.22,4 = 2240 m3
V=
nY RT 100.0,082.353
=
= 2894,6 m3
p
1
Phn khi lng ca hn hp kh:
m1
480
y1 =
=
= 0,135 kg/kg
mY 3546
m2 1410
y2 =
=
= 0,398 kg/kg
mY 3546
y3 = 1 y1 + y2 = 1 0,135 + 0,398 = 0,467kg/kg
Th tch ca tng cu t iu kin chun:
V1o = y1 V o = 0,3.2240 = 672 m3
V2o = y2 V o = 0,47.2240 = 1052,8 m3
V3o = y3 V o = 0,23.2240 = 515,2 m3
Th tch ca tng cu t iu kin p = 1at, t=80oC:
V1 = y1 V = 0,3.2894,6 = 868,38 m3
V2 = y2 V = 0,47.2894,6 = 1360,462 m3
V3 = y3 V = 0,23.2894,6 = 665,758 m3
Bi 3.
Hy xc nh h s khuch tn ca SO2, H2S, CO2 trong mi trng khng kh v
nc iu kin p=1 at, t= 40oC.
Bi gii
a.
H s khuch tn ca SO2, H2S, CO2 trong khng kh c tnh theo cng thc sau:
DA =
0,0043. 10
p
1
vA3
3
. T2
1
3
vkk
1
1 1 2
+
)2 , m /s
MA Mkk
~3~
Trong :
A SO2 , H2 S hoc CO2 ;
MA , Mkk khi lng mol ca A v khng kh, kg/kmol;
vA , vkk th tch mol ca A v khng kh, cm3/mol;
A
MA , kg/kmol
vA , cm3 /mol
SO2
64
44,8
H2 S
34
32,9
CO2
44
34
T = 313K;
p = 1 at.
Ta c:
3
DSO 2
DH 2 S =
1
32,93
3
. 3132
1
29,93
1
1 1
+ )2 = 1,5126. 105 m2 /s
34 29
DSO 2
b.
H s khuch tn ca SO2, H2S, CO2 trong nc 20oC c tnh theo cng thc
sau:
106 (
DoA,H 2 O =
1
1 12
+
)
MA MH 2 O
1
1
2
abH O,20 (vA3
2
Trong :
A SO2 , H2 S hoc CO2 ;
a l h s hiu chnh ca A;
~4~
1
vH3 O )2
2
, m2 /s
2 O,20
MA , kg/kmol
vA , cm3 /mol
a = 1, b = 4,7
SO2
64
44,8
MH 2 O = 18kg/kmol
H2 S
34
32,9
vH 2 O = 18,9cm3/mol
CO2
44
34
2 O,20
= 1,005cP
Ta c:
DoSO 2 ,H 2 O =
DoH 2 S,H 2 O =
106 (
1
1 1
+ )2
64 18
1
1
1.4,7.1,0052 . (44, 82
106 (
1
18, 92 )2
1
1 1
+ )2
34 18
1
1
2
1.4,7.1,005 . (32, 92
1
18, 92 )2
1
1 12
10 ( + )
44 18
= 1,4658.109 m2 /s
= 1,7967.109 m2 /s
DoCO 2 ,H 2 O =
1
1
1.4,7.1,0052 . (342
1
18, 92 )2
= 1,7040.109 m2 /s
H s khuch tn ca SO2, H2S, CO2 trong nc 40oC c tnh theo cng thc
sau:
DA,H 2 O = DoA,H 2 O 1 + t 20 , m2 /s
vi:
=
H
1
0,22H O ,20
2
1
3H O ,20
2
2 O,20
0,2.1,0052
1
= 0,02
9983
Do :
DSO 2 ,H 2 O = 1,4658. 109 . 1 + 0,02 40 20
= 2,0521. 109 m2 /s
= 2,5154. 109 m2 /s
~5~
= 2,3856. 109 m2 /s
Bi 4.
Tnh h s chuyn khi ca qu trnh hp th CO2 t hn hp khi thi. Bit:
Qu trnh c tin hnh trong thp m c tng b mt tip xc pha F = 4500 m2;
Hn hp kh i vo thp c lu lng Gy = 5000N m3/h;
Dung mi c s dng l nc Gx = 650 m3/h;
Nng CO2 trong khi thi i vo thp y = 28,4% th tch;
Hiu sut ca qu trnh hp th =98%;
Thp lm vic iu kin p = 16,5 at, t = 15oC.
Bi gii
Lu lng hn hp kh:
Gy =
yc
Gx,x
5000
= 223,21 kmol/h
22,4
Lu lng nc:
Gx =
650.1000
= 36111,11 kmol/h
18
xc
Gy y 1
GCO 2 tho t ra
=
GCO 2 tho t ra + Gtr Gy y 1 + Gy 1 y
y (1 ) 0,284(1 0,98)
=
= 0,008 kmol CO2 kmol pha kh
1 y
1 0,284.0,98
~6~
xc =
G
62,12
=
= 0,0017 kmolCO2 kmol pha lng
G + Gx 62,12 + 36111,11
y = mx = x
p
15oC c = 0,93. 106 torr, p=16,5 at = 12540 torr
0,93. 106
m=
= 74,16
12540
y = 74,16x
Ta c:
y = 74,16x = 74,16.0 = 0
0.30
0.2840
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.1261
0.10
0.05
0.00
ng lm vic
ng cn bng
0.0080
0.0000
0.0000
0.0005
0.0010
0.0015
0.0020
y2 y1 0,1579 0,008
=
= 0,0503 kmolCO2 kmol pha kh
y2
0,1579
ln
ln
y1
0,008
H s chuyn khi:
~7~
ky =
G
62,12
=
= 0,2744 kmolCO2 m2 . h . ytb = 1
F. ytb 4500.0,0503
Bi 5.
Xc nh s n v chuyn khi my ca qu trnh hp th NH3 bng nc iu kin
p = 1 at, t = 25oC vi
Y = 0,03 kmol NH3/ kmol kh tr, Yc = 0,003 kmol NH3/kmol kh tr
X = 0 kmol NH3/ kmol H2O, Xc = 0,02 kmol NH3/kmol H2O
X, kmol NH3/ kmol 0
H2O
0,005
0,010
0,0125
0,0045
0,0102 0,0138
0,015
0,020
0,023
Bi gii
Phng trnh ng lm vic:
Y= AX+B
Ta c:
Y = AXc + B
0,03 = A. 0,02 + B
A = 1,35
Yc = AX + B
0,003 = A. 0 + B
B = 0,003
Y = 1,35X + 0,003
S n v chuyn khi c tnh theo cng thc:
Y
my =
Yc
1
dY
Y Y
Y
1
Y Y
0.0000
0.0050
0.0100
0.0125
0.0150
0.0200
0.0000
0.0045
0.0102
0.0138
0.0183
0.0273
0.0030
333.3333
0.0098
190.4762
0.0165
158.7302
0.0199
0.0233
164.6091 202.0202
0.0300
370.3704
~8~
th tch phn
~9~
TRCH LY
Bi 1.
H 3 cu t nc (A) Axeton (B) Tricloetan(C) c s liu ng cn bng nh
sau (tnh theo % khi lng):
Lp nc ()
A
93,52
5,86
Lp Tricloetan ()
S
0,52 0,31
8,75
Lp nc ()
A
Lp Tricloetan ()
S
4,26
48,21 47,53
8,90
57,40 33,70
80,16 19,03 0,79 1,33 27,66 71,01 41,70 51,78 6,52 13,40 60,34 26,26
73,00 26,00 1,00 2,09 37,06 60,85
M=100 kg, B=40 kg
a. Xy dng ng lin hp khi thnh phn pha Raphinat: xA,R = 63,95%, xB,R =
29,54%, xS,R = 1,11%.
b. R,E?
Bi gii
Thnh phn pha trch: yA,E = 2,66%, yB,E = 41,11%, yS,E = 56,23%.
Cc phng trnh cn bng vt liu:
M = R + E = 100
B = RxB,R + EyB,E = 0,2954R + 0.4111E = 40
R = 90,41 kg
E = 9,59 kg
~ 10 ~
Bi 2.
Dng CS2 trch ly I2trong nc thi.
Hm lng I2 trong nc l 1 g/l
H s phn b ca I2trong CS2 v nc k=588,24
Coi CS2 v nc khng tan ln vo nhau
F=1000 l, hm lng I2 trong nc thi = 1g/l
a. Trch ly 1 bc n gin
b. Trch ly 5 bc cho dng vi S1=S2==S5=S=10 l
Tnh lng I2 tch c trong cc trng hp v nhn xt?
~ 11 ~
Bi gii
a. Phng trnh cn bng vt liu vit cho I2:
AXo = SY + AX
Quan h cn bng : Y = kX
X=
Xo
S
1+k
A
1
50
1 + 588,24.
1000
= 0,033 g/
AX1 = S2 Y2 + AX2 X2 =
Xo
1+k
S
A
Xo
S
(1 + k )2
A
.
AX4 = S5 Y5 + AX5 X5 =
X5 =
1
(1 + 588,24.
10 5
)
1000
Xo
S
(1 + k )5
A
~ 12 ~
Bi 3.
Dng MIK(Metylizoketon) trch ly 1 bc n gin Axeton trong nc thi.
F = 100 kg, 75% khi lng nc v 25% khi lng Axeton
S=100 kg
S liu cn bng ca h 3 cu t Nc (A) Axton (B) MIK (S) (tnh theo % khi
lng):
Lp nc ()
Lp MIK ()
97,5
2,5
3,3
96,7
75
20
30
65
65
30
14
46
40
a. Smax, Smin ?
b. R,E?
Bi gii
a. Lng MIK ti thiu ng vi im N:
Smin = F.
FN"
4,4
= 100.
= 5,13 kg
85,7
SN"
Lng MIK ti a ng vi im N:
Smax = F.
FN
86,2
= 100.
= 2155 kg
4,0
SN
100
100
SF ( =
Thnh phn pha Raphinat: xA,R = 85,6%, xB,R = 10,1%, xS,R = 4,3%.
Thnh phn pha trch: yA,E = 3,4%, yB,E = 14,2%, yS,E = 82,4%.
Ta c cc phng trnh:
F + S = N = R + E = 100 + 100 = 200
R NE 33,3
=
=
E NR 47,1
R = 82,84 kg
E = 117,16 kg
~ 13 ~
~ 14 ~
trch ly:
=
E. yB,E 117,16.0,142
=
= 66,55%
B
25
Bi 4.
Dng Tricloetan trch ly nhiu bc ngc chiu Axeton trong nc thi.
F=100 kg/h, 50% khi lng Axeton v 50% khi lng nc.
S=30kg/h, t=25oC
xB,R = 10% khi lng
Tnh s bc trch ly?
Bi gii
im F ng vi nc thi l trung im ca on AB
im N ng vi hn hp ca nc thi vi Tricloetan nm trn SF v xc nh
bi:
30
3
= =
=
100 10
N=S+F=Rn+E1E1l giao im ca RnN vi ng cn bng
im cc P l giao im ca E1F v SRn.
V cc ng lin hp, mi ng lin hp ng vi mt bc trch ly ngc
chiu.
S bc trch ly = s ng lin hp = 5.
~ 15 ~
~ 16 ~
CHNG LUYN
Bi 1.
Chng luyn lin tc hn hp metanol nc
p= 1 at
xF = 31,5% mol, xP = 97,5% mol, xW = 1,1% mol.
R = 1,77Rmin
Hn hp F nhit si
Tnh: S bc thay i nng ?
Bi gii
Bng s liu cn bng lng hi metanol nc:
X % khi lng
Y* % khi lng
x % mol
y* % mol
1
7.3
0.0056
0.0424
4
23.5
0.0229
0.1473
6
31.5
0.0347
0.2055
10
43.4
0.0588
0.3013
20
61
0.1233
0.4680
30
70.5
0.1942
0.5734
40
76.7
0.2727
0.6493
50
81.2
0.3600
0.7084
60
84.8
0.4576
0.7583
70
88.3
0.5676
0.8093
80
92.1
0.6923
0.8677
90
96
0.8351
0.9310
Ni suy t bng s liu cn bng lng hi metanol nc ta c = 0,6804.
Ch s hi lu ti thiu:
0.975 0.6804
=
=
= 0.8062
0.6804 0.315
Ch s hi lu thc t:
= 1,77 = 1,77.0,8062 = 1,4270
Phng trnh ng lm vic on luyn:
=
+
+1
+1
~ 17 ~
1,4270
0,975
+
1,4270 + 1
1,4270 + 1
= 0,5880 + 0,4017
=
T y ta v c th y x xc nh s bc thay i nng
S bc thay i nng = 11
Bi 2.
Chng luyn lin tc hn hp Benzen Xylen
p sut lm vic p = 2 at
F = 5000 kg/h, xF = 45 % mol, xP = 98 % mol, xW = 1,5 % mol
Hn hp F nhit si
Tnh: Ch s hi lu thch hp Ropt v s a l thuyt Nlt tng ng?
Lng sn phm nh P v lng sn phm y W?
Bi gii
Bng s liu cn bng lng hi Benzen Xylen:
x (% mol)
0.03
0.05
0.10
0.20
~ 18 ~
0.30
0.45
0.60
0.90
y (% mol)
0.972
Ch s hi lu ti thiu:
0.98 0.727
=
=
= 0.9134
0.727 0.45
Ta xc nh Ropt theo iu kin thp chng luyn c kch thc b nht nhng
c ch lm vic tt nht. im cc tiu ca th quan h Nlt(R+1) = f(R) cho ta
Ropt.
Ta ln lt cho R=Rmin (=1,1; 1,2;) ri v th y x xc nh Nlt tng
ng, sau , v v tm im cc tiu ca th quan h Nlt(R+1) = f(R).
~ 19 ~
~ 20 ~
Nlt
Nlt(R+1)
Rmin = 0.9134
1,1
1.0047
17
34.0799
1,2
1.0961
15
31.4415
1,3
1.1874
14
30.6236
1,4
1.2788
13
29.6244
1,5
1.3701
12
28.4412
1,6
12
1.4614
29.5368
Nlt min = 7
= 1.5245 = 1,3925
=
23,3708
23,3708
=
= 9,7684 10
+ 1 1,3925 + 1
Lng hn hp u:
F = 5000 kg/h, xF = 45 % mol
0,45.5000
1 0,45 . 5000
+
= 54,7896 kmol/h
78
106
Lng sn phm nh:
F=
P=F
xF xW
0,45 0,015
= 54,7896
= 24,6979 kmol Benzen/h
xP xW
0,98 0,015
Lng sn phm y:
W = F P =54,7896 24,6979 = 30, 0917 kmol Xylen/h
Bi 3.
Chng n gin (gin on) hn hp ru etylic nc
F = 1000 kg, xF = 60 % khi lng, xW = 5 % khi lng
Tnh: Lng sn phm y v lng sn phm nh?
Bi gii
Hn hp u:
~ 21 ~
600 400
+
= 35,2657 kmol
46
18
Y* (% khi lng)
25
36
51.6
60
65.5
69
71
72.8
74
75.4
76.7
77.8
78.9
80
81
83.5
85.5
X (% mol)
0.0099
0.0202
0.0417
0.0646
0.0891
0.1154
0.1436
0.1740
0.2069
0.2425
0.2813
0.3235
0.3699
0.4209
0.4773
0.5400
0.6102
~ 22 ~
y* (% mol)
0.1154
0.1804
0.2944
0.3699
0.4262
0.4655
0.4893
0.5116
0.5269
0.5453
0.5630
0.5783
0.5940
0.6102
0.6252
0.6645
0.6976
1/(y*-x*)
9.483092
6.2414
3.9572
3.2758
2.9661
2.8561
2.8930
2.9628
3.1250
3.3024
3.5498
3.9252
4.4610
5.282448
6.75942
8.034953
11.43206
Lng sn phm y:
F
=
W
xF
xW
dx
=S
yx
35,2657
= 1,2071
W
35,2657
W = 1,2071 = 10,5467 kmol nc
e
Lng sn phm nh:
~ 23 ~