Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

Cho (Cm) : y =

(m 1)x + m
. nh m e tiep tuyen vi (Cm) tai iem tren (Cm) co hoanh o x0 = 4 th
xm

song song vi ng phan giac th 2 cua goc he truc.

m 2
y = f (x) =
(x m)2
e tiep tuyen vi (Cm) tai iem vi ng phan giac ( 2 ) : y = x , ta phai co:
|

|
m

fm| = 1

m 2
= 1 m 2 = (4 m)2 m = 2
2
(4 m)

(3m + 1)x m 2 + m
, m 0. Tm m e tiep tuyen vi (C) tai giao iem vi truc hoanh
x+m
song song y = x. Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen.
Cho (C) : y =

Hoanh o giao iem cua (C) vi truc hoanh

m2 m
1

x0 =
, m 0, ,1
3m + 1
3

2
4m
y| =
(x + m)2
Tiep tuyen tai iem (C) co hoanh o // y = x
4m 2
= 1 4m 2 = (x 0 + m)2 x 0 = m x 0 = 3m
2
(x 0 + m)

m2 m
m
=
m = 1

3m
1
+

2
m = 1
m m

3m = 3m + 1
m = 1 tiep tuyen tai (-1,0) co pt : y = x + 1
1
3
3
m = tiep tuyen tai , 0 co pt : y = x
5
5
5
m
Cho (C) : y = x 1 +
.Tm m e co iem ma t o ve c 2 tiep tuyen vi o th vuong goc nhau
x +1
Goi M 0 (x 0 , y 0 ) la iem can tm y = k(x x 0 ) + y 0 la ng thang (d) qua M0
m

x 1 + x + 1 = k(x x 0 ) + y 0 = kx + k k kx 0 + y 0
(d) la t2
1
1
=k
(x 0 + 1)2
m

x 1 + x + 1 = k(x + 1) (1 + x 0 )k + y 0

x + 1 1 = k(x + 1)

x +1

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
m
1

x 1 + x + 1 = x + 1 x + 1 (1 x 0 )k + y 0

1 = 1 k
2
(x + 1)
m +1
y0 + 2

= y 0 + 2 (x 0 + 1)k

k x + 1
x +1

0
2
m + 1 = (1 k)(m + 1)2
y + 2 (x + 1)k 2 = (1 k)(m + 1)2
]
0
[ 0
x + 1
y0 + 2

k
x0 + 1

(x + 1)2 k 2 + 2(2m x )y 2x y 2)k + (y + 2)2 4m = 0 (*)

0
0
0
0
0
0

T M0 ke c 2 tiep tuyen vuong goc nhau pt (*) co 2 nghiem thoa k1k2 = -1 va khac

y0 + 2
x0 + 1

y0 + 2

k
x0 + 1

m>0
(x + 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 4m
0
0

Tm toa o giao iem cua cac tiep tuyen cua o th y =

vuong goc vi ng thang y = x + 2006

x +1
vi truc hoanh , biet rang tiep tuyen o
x 3

4
, x 3
(x 3)2
Goi (T) la tiep tuyen cua (C) vuong goc vi ng thang y = x + 2006 , khi o (T) co he so goc la KT = -1
x = 5
4
0
. Goi (x0,y0) la tiep iem cua (d) va (C) , ta co K T = y| 1 =
2
(x 0 3)
x0 = 1
x 0 = 1 y 0 = 1 (T1 ) : y = x
x 0 = 5 y 0 = 3 (T2 ) : y = x + 8
y| =

(T1 ) (Ox) = {O(0, 0)} ; (T2 ) (Ox) = {A(8, 0)}

Cho ham so y = f(x) =

x+2
; goi o th ham so la (C) , va A(0,a).Xac nh a e t A ke c 2 tiep
x 1

tuyen en (C) sao cho 2 tiep tuyen tng ng nam ve 2 pha oi vi truc Ox
Phng trnh tiep tuyen (T) vi (C) tai M 0 (x 0 , y 0 ) : y y 0 = f(x| 0 ) (x x 0 )

x +2
x +2
3
3
y 0
(x x 0 ) ; A(0,a) (T) : a 0
( x 0 )
=
=
2
(x 0 1)
(x 0 1)2
x0 1
x0 1
x 1 0
x 0 1
0

g
2
= (a 1)x 20 2(a + 2)x 0 + a + 2 = 0
(x
)
(a 1)x 0 2(a + 2)x 0 + a + 2 = 0
0

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
Qua A ke c 2 tiep tuyen khi g(x ) = 0 co 2 nghiem phan biet khac 1
0
a 1 0

va |g = (a + 2)2 (a + 2)(a 1) > 0

2 < a 1

2
g(1) = (a 1)1 2(a + 2)1 + a + 2 0
Khi o goi M1 (x1 , y1 ), M 2 (x 2 , y 2 ) la 2 tiep iem nam ve 2 pha Ox

x + 2 x 2 + 2
x1x 2 + 2(x1 + x 2 ) + 4
y1y 2 < 0 1
< 0 (1)

<0
x1x 2 (x1 + x 2 ) + 1
x1 1 x 2 1
2(a + 2)

x1 + x 2 = a 1
Trong o x1,x2 la nghiem cua g(x 0 ) = 0 co
x x = a + 2
1 2 a 1
a + 2 + 4(a + 2) + 4(a 1)
9a + 6
<0
(1)
<0
3
a + 2 2(a + 2) + a 1
2
0a>
2
3 < a 1
3
k 2 < a 1

Cho ham so y = 2x 3 + 3x 2 12x 1 co o th (C) . Tm iem M thuoc o th (C) sao cho tiep tuyen cua
(C) tai M i qua goc toa o
Ta co y| = 6x 2 + 6x 12 , M(x 0 , y 0 ) tiep tuyen tai M (C)
y = y|(x ) (x x 0 ) + y 0 = (6x 20 + 6x 0 12)(x x 0 ) + 2x 30 + 3x 20 12x 0 1 (T)
0

(T) qua goc toa o O(0,0) : 4x 30 + 3x 20 + 1 = 0 (x 0 + 1)(4x 20 x 0 + 1) = 0

x 0 = 1 y 0 = 12
M(1,12)
1
3

2
co o th (C) . Tm tren o th (C) iem ma tai o tiep tuyen cua o th (C)
3
1
2
vuong goc vi ng thang y = x +
3
3

Cho ham so y = x 3 x +

2
1
Goi A x 0 , x 30 x 0 + la iem bat ky thoc (C) .
3
3

Tiep tuyen (T) vi (C) co he so goc k = y|(x ) = (x 20 1) (1)

0

1
2
Do (T) vuong goc vi ng thang y = x +
3
3
2
Khi o x 0 1 = 3 x 0 = 2
4
Vay A1 2, , A 2 (2, 0)
3

k =3

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
Cho ham so y =

x 2 3x + 6
, o th (C) . T goc toa o co the ke c bao nheu tiep tuyen en ham so
x 1

(C) , tm toa o tiep iem

QuaO
Goi (T)
(T) : y = kx la tiep tuyen cua (C)
He so goc k
x 2 3x + 6
= kx

(x 1)(x 2 3x + 6) = (x 2 2x 3)x
x 1
co nghiem
2
x 1
x 2x 3 = k
2
(x 1)

x 2 6x + 3 = 0

x = 3 6
x 1
Vay t O ke c ung 2 tiep tuyen en (C)
M = (3 + 6,3 6 3)
x = 3 + 6
y = 3 6 3

x = 3 6
y = 3 6 3 M 2 = (3 6, 3 6 3)

Cho ham so y = mx 3 (m 1)x 2 (m + 2)x + m 1 , (Cm)

1.Tm m e (Cm) at cc ai tai x = -1
2.Khi m = 1 , tm tren ng thang y = 2 nhng iem t o co the ke c 3 tiep tuyen en (C)
1.m =1
2. (C) : y = x 3 3x ; A(a,2) (d) : y = 2 (d) : y = k(x a) + 2

x 3 3x = k(x a) + 2
Hoanh o tiep iem la nghiem he 2
3x 3 = k
x = 1

2
f(x) = 2x (3a + 2)x + 3a + 2 = 0
Qua A ke c 3 tiep tuyen en (C) f(x) = 0 co 2 nghiem khac 1
2

f > 0
(3a + 2) 8(3a + 2) > 0
a < a > 2

3
f ( 1) 0
2 + 3a + 2 + 3a + 2 0
a 1
2
Vay iem can tm la A(a,2) ; a < a > 2 a 1
3

Cho ham so y = x 4 + 2x 2 1 , o th (C). Tm tat ca cac iem thuoc truc tung sao cho t o co the ke
c 3 tiep tuyen en (C)
Goi A(0,a) Oy , (d) la ng thang qua A dang : y = kx + a
Hoanh o tiep iem la nghiem cua he :
x 4 + 2x 2 1 = kx + a
3x 4 2x 2 1 a = 0 (1)

3
4x
4x
k

+
=

T A co the ke c 3 tiep tuyen en (C) khi (1) phai co 3 nghiem

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
1 a = 0 a = 1 . Khi o 3x 4 2x 2 = 0 x = 0 x =

2
3

Vay toa o iem can tm la A(0,-1)

Cho ham so y = x 3 3x 2 + 2 ; o th (C)

1.Qua A(1,0) co the ke c may tiep tuyen vi (C) . Hay viet phng trnh tiep tuyen ay
2.CMR khong co tiep tuyen nao khac cua (C) song song vi tiep tuyen qua A cua (C) noi tren
1.Goi (d) la ng thang qua A(1,0) co he so goc k dang y = k(x 1) la tiep tuyen cua (C) khi he

x 3 3x 2 + 2 = k(x 1)
co nghiem (x 1)3 = 0 x = 1 k = 3
2
3x 6x = k
Vay co 1 tiep tuyen (d) : y = 3x + 3 ke en (C)
2.Goi (T) la tiep tuyen khac cua (C) song song tiep tuyen tai A dang y = 3x + b
Hoanh o tiep iem la nghiem he :
x 3 3x 2 + 2 = 3x + b
b = x 3 3x 2 + 2

b = 3 (T) : y = 3x + 3
2
3x 6 = 3
x = 1
(T) (d) vay khong co tiep tuyen nao khac song song vi tiep tuyen tai A

Cho ham so y =

x4
5
3x 2 + , co o th (C)
2
2

1.Goi (d) la tiep tuyen cua o th tai iem M co hoanh o x M = a .CMR hoanh o cac giao iem cua
tiep tuyen (d) vi o th la nghiem cua phng trnh (x a)2 (x 2 + 2ax + 3a2 6) = 0
2.Tm tat ca cac gia tr cua a e tiep tuyen (d) cat o th tai 2 iem P,Q khac nhau va khac M.Tm
quy tch trung iem K cua oan thang PQ
a4
5
a4
5
2
1.Goi M a, 3a + (C) y(a) = 3a2 + y|(a) = 2a(a2 3)
2
2
2
2
3
5
Tiep tuyen tai M co phng trnh y = 2a(a2 3)x a4 + 3a2 +
2
2
Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua (d) va (C) la :
x4
5
3
5
3x 2 + = 2a(a2 3)x a4 + 3a2 +
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
(x a) (x + 2ax + 3a 6) = 0
2.Quy tch trung iem K
Theo tren e (d) cat (C) tai 2 iem phan biet P va Q va khac M th phng trnh : x 2 + 2ax + 3a2 6 = 0 co
a < 3
| = a2 (3a2 6) > 0

2 nghiem khac a 2

2
2
a + 2a + 3a 6 0
a 1

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
x K = a ; x 3; x 1

Khi o K
7 4
5
2
y K = x K + 9x K +

2
2

7
5
Vay quy tch trung iem K la ng cong y = x 4 + 9x 2 + va gii han bi 1 x 3
2
2

Cho ham so y = x 4 + 2mx 2 2m +1 co o th la (Cm).nh m e cac tiep tuyen cua o th (Cm) tai A va
B iem co nh vuong goc nhau
iem co nh A(-1,0) B(1,0) va y| = 4x 3 + 4mx
y|A = 4 4m ; y|B = 4 + 4m
Tiep tuyen tai A va B vuong goc nhau y |A .y|B = 1
3
5
(4 4m)(4m 4) = 1 m = m =
4
4
x +1
Cho ham so y =
co o th (C) . Tm nhng iem tren truc tung ma t moi iem ay ch co the ke
x 1

c ung 1 tiep tuyen en (C)

Goi A(0,a) Oy (d) qua A co phng trnh y = kx + a

Hoanh o tiep iem la nghiem he
x +1
x 1 = kx + a x + 1
2x

=
+ a (a 1)x 2 2(a + 1)x + a + 1 = 0 (1)

2
2

x 1 (x 1)

=k
2
(x 1)
T A co the ke c 1 tiep tuyen en (C) (1) co 1 nghem
1
(1)
Xet a 1 = 0 a = 1
4x + 2 = 0 x = A(0,1)
2
a 1 0
a 1

a = 1 A(a, 1)

2a + 2 = 0
' = 0

Cho ham so y =

x 1
co o th (C)
x +1

Tm tren ng thang y = x nhng iem sao cho co the ke c 2 tiep tuyen vi o th va goc gia 2
tiep tuyen o bang

Goi M(x0,y0) y = x M(x 0 , x 0 ) tiep tuyen tai M tiep xuc (C) dang y = k(x x 0 ) + x 0 (d)
x 1
Phng trnh hoanh o cua (d) va (C) kx kx 0 + x 0 =
(1)
x +1
Theo ycbt th (1) co nghiem kep kx 2 + (k kx 0 + x 0 1)x + x 0 kx 0 + 1 = 0

k 0
co nghiem kep
2 2
2
2
= (1 + x 0 ) k 2(x 0 + 3)k + (x 0 1) = 0

(2)

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
Qua M ke c 2 tiep tuyen en (C) tao thanh goc

4
2

k k2
k k2

= tan = 1 1
(2) co 2 nghiem phan biet thoa 1
=1
1 + k1 .k 2
4
1 + k1 .k 2
x 0 1
x 0 + 1 0

2
2
k = 8(x 20 + 1) > 0
2(x 20 + 3)
x0 1
5
1 = 0
(k + k ) 5k .k 1 = 0

2
1 2
1
x0 + 1
(1 + x 0 )
M( 7, 7)
x 1
20
x0 = 7
x 0 + 1 = 8
M( 7, 7)

Cho Parabol (P) : y = 2x 2 + x 3 . Tm nhng iem tren truc Oy sao cho t o ta co the ve c 2 tiep
tuyen en (P) va 2 tiep tuyen nay hp vi nhau 1 goc 450
Goi M(0,m) Oy . Phng trnh qua M co he so goc k la y = kx + m (d)
Phng trnh hoang o giao iem cua (P) va (d) la :
2x 2 + x 3 = kx + m 2x 2 + (1 k)x m 3 = 0 (1)
(d) la tiep tuyen cua (P) khi (1) co nghiem kep = 0
k 2 2k + 8m + 25 = 0 (2)
Co k1 + k 2 = 2 ; k1 .k 2 = 8m + 25
Hai tiep tuyen hp nhau 1 goc 450 khi tan 450 = 1 =

k 2 k1
1 + k1 .k 2

(k1 + k 2 )2 4k1 k 2 = (1 + k1 k 2 )2 (3)

Qua M ke c 2 tiep tuyen tao nhau goc 450 khi (2) co 2 nghiem phan biet thoa (3)
| = 1 8m 25 = 0
m < 3
k

2
2
16m + 112m + 193 = 0
4 4(8m + 25) = (8m + 26)
3 + 14
3 14
m=
m=
4
4

3 + 14
3 14
Vay M1 0,
, M 2 0,

4
4

Cho ham so y =

x2
goi o th la (C) . Tm tren ng y = 4 tat ca cac iem ma t moi iem o co the
x 1

ke ti (C) 2 tiep tuyen lap nhau goc 450

Goi A(a,4) la ng thang tuy y tren y = 4

Qua A(a, 4)
co dang: y = k(x a) + 4
Goi (T) la ng thang
Co he so goc la k
Va moi ng thang (T1) va (T2) i qua A co he so goc k eu co dang :
y = k1 (x a) + 4 va y = k 2 (x a) + 4

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
Do (T1) va (T2) tao nhau 1 goc 450 khi tan 450 =

k1 k 2
1 + k1 .k 2

(1 + k1k 2 )2 = (k1 k 2 )2 (1 + k1k 2 )2 (k1 + k 2 )2 + 4k1k 2 = 0 (1)

x2
= k(x a) + 4 co nghiem kep
x 1
(1 k)x 2 (4 ka k)x + 4 ka = 0 co nghiem kep khac

Do (T) la tiep tuyen cua o th (C)

1 k 0
k 1

= (a 1)2 k 2 4(a 2)k = 0

k (a 1) 4(a 2) = 0 (2)

Qua A ke c ti (C) 2 tiep tuyen lap vi nhau 1 go 450 khi phng trnh (2) co 2 nghiem k1,k2 (k 1)
k = 0

va thoa man he thc (1)

4(a 2) thoa man (1) khi
k = (a 1)2

4(a 2)

k = (a 1)2 1

2
4(a

2)

2
k = 0.(1 + 0) 0 +
+ 4.0 = 0

(a 1)2

a = 1 2 2

a = 1 + 2 2
Vay A1 (1 2 2, 4) , A 2 (1 + 2 2, 4)

a 3

a 1
a2 + 2a 7 = 0

x2 + x + 2
Cho ham so y =
co o th (C) . Tm tren (C) cac iem A e tiep tuyen cua o th tai A vuong
x 1

goc vi ng thang i qua A va co tam oi xng cua o th

4
Gia s A x 0 , x 0 + 2 +
la iem bat ky tren (C) va I(1,3) la giao iem 2 ng tiem can
x0 1

uur
4
AI = 1 x 0 ,1 x 0

x0 1

uur
Nh vay AI la mot vect ch phng cua ng thang AI
Goi (d) la tiep tuyen cua (C) tiep xuc vi (C) tai A , co he so goc
r
r uur

4
4
k = y|(x ) = 1

a
=
1,1

la
vect
ch
phng
cu
a
(d)
;
do
o
(d)

(AI)

a.AI
=0

0
(x 0 1)2
(x 0 1)2

x0 = 1 4 8

4 4 + 34 8 + 8
4 34 8 + 8
Vay co 2 iem A1 1 4 8,
,
A
1 + 8,

2
4
4

8
8

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
Cho ham so y =

x 2 3x + 2
.Tm tren ng thang x = 1 nhng iem M sao cho t M ke c 2 tiep
x

tuyen en (C) va 2 tiep tuyen o vuong goc nhau

Goi M(1,m) x = 1 .ng thang (T) qua M co he so goc k dang : y = k(x 1) + m

T M ke c 2 tiep tuyen vuong goc vi nhau ti (C) khi he
x 2 3x + 2
= k(x 1) + m

(x , k )
x
( I ) co 2 nghiem 1 1 thoa man k1 .k 2 = 1
2
(x 2 , k 2 )
x 2 = k
2
x
T ( I ) (m + 2)x 2 4x + 2 = 0 (*) , x 0

m 2
m + 2 0

Theo ycbt ' = 4 2(m + 2) > 0 m < 0

(x 2 2) (x 2 2)

2
2
2
(x1x 2 ) 2 (x1 + x 2 ) 2x1x 2 + 4 = (x1x 2 )
1
.
1
=

x 22
x12

2 m < 0

2
4 2
2 2
4
2
m + 2 2 m + 2 m + 2 + 4 = m + 2

2 m < 0
2 m < 0
2

m = 3 7
m = 3 7
m + 6m + 2 = 0
Vay M1 (1, 3 7) , M 2 (1, 3 + 7)

Cho ham so y = x 3 + 3x 2 .Tm tat ca cac iem tren truc hoanh ma t o ve c ung 3 tiep tuyen cua o
th (C) , trong o co 2 tiep tuyen vuong goc vi nhau.
Goi M(m,0) la iem bat ky tren truc hoanh
ng thang (d) i qua M co he so goc la k dang : y = k(x m)

x 3 + 3x 2 = k(x m)
(I)
(d) la tiep tuyen (C) khi 2
3x
+
6x
=
k

Qua M ke c 3 tiep tuyen cua (C) trong o co 2 tiep tuyen vuong goc vi nhau khi ( I ) co 3 gia tr k
sao cho 2 trong 3 gia tr o tch bang -1
Khi o ( I ) x 3 + 3x 2 = (3x 2 + 6x)(x m) x 2x 2 + 3(1 m)x 6m = 0
x = 0
2
2x + 3(1 m)x 6m = 0 (*)
m < 3
= 3m 2 + 10m + > 0
Theo ycbt (*) co 2 nghiem phan biet khac 0
1
< m 0

m
0

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
2

x1 + x 2 = (m 1)
Khi o pt (*) co 2 nghiem va
3
x1x 2 = 3m
Khi qua M ke c 3 tiep tuyen cua (C) th k1 = 3x12 + 6x1 , k 2 = 3x 22 + 6x 2 , k 3 = 0

Theo bai toan : k1k 2 = 1 (3x12 + 6x1 )(3x 22 + 6x 2 ) = 1

1
1
thoa m < 3 hoac < m 0
m=
27
3
1
Vay M , 0
27
2x 2 x + 1
Cho ham so y =
co o th (C) . Tm tren truc hoanh 4 iem t o dng c tiep tuyen hp
x 1

vi Ox goc 450 . Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen o

Tiep tuyen hp vi Ox goc 450 la tiep tuyen co he so goc k = 1

2
TH1: k = y| = 1 2
= 1 x = 1 2
(x 1)2
(T ) : y = x + 2 2 2
x = 1 2
y = 3 3 2

1
(T2 ) : y = x + 2 + 2 2
x = 1 + 2
y = 3 + 3 2
2
2
TH2: k = y| = 1 2
= 1 x = 1
2
(x 1)
3

2
2
x = 1
y = 3 5
(T ) : y = x 4 2 6
3
3

2
2
(T4 ) : y = x + 4 + 2 6
x = 1 +
y = 3 + 5
3
3

Cho ham so y = x 3 3x 2 + 2 co o th (C)

23

1.Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen cua (C) e tiep tuyen o qua A , 2
9

2.Tm tren ng thang y = -2 cac iem t o co the ke en o th (C) 2 tiep tuyen vuong goc
23

1.Tiep tuyen (C) qua A : y = k x 2

9

3
23

2
x 3x + 2 = k x 2
Ta co :
(x 2)(3x 2 10x + 3) = 0
9

3x 2 6x = k

x = 2, k = 0

x = 3, k = 9

1
5
x = , k =

3
3

(d) : y = 2

tiep tuyen (d) : y = 9x 25

5
61
(d) : y = x +

3
27

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
2.Goi A(a,-2) y = 2
ng thang (T) qua A co he so goc la k , co phng trnh y = k(x a) 2
ieu kien (T) va (C) tiep xuc nhau la:
x 3 3x 2 + 2 = k(x a) 2
(x 2) 2x 2 (3a 1)x + 2 = 0
2
3x 6x = k
x = 2 ; k = 0 y = 2

g(x) = 2x 2 (3a 1)x + 2 = 0 co x1 + x 2 = 3a 1 ; x1 .x 2 = 1

2
e t A dng 2 tiep tuyen vuong goc khi g(x) = 0 co 2 nghiem x1,x2 sao cho k1(x1).k2(x2) = -1
5

a < 1 a >
2

g > 0
(3a 1) 16 > 0
3

2
k1 .k 2 = 1 (3x1 6x1 )(3x 22 6x 2 ) = 1 27a = 55
g 0
a 2
a 2

(2)

55
55

a=
A , 2
27
27

Cho ham so y = x 3 + 3x 2 2 . Tm nhng iem tren ng thang y = 2 t o dng c 3 tiep tuyen en

o th
Goi A(a,2) y = 2
ng thang (T) qua A co he so goc k co phng trnh : y = k(x a) + 2 la tiep tuyen cua (C) khi he :

x 3 + 3x 2 2 = k(x a) + 2
co nghiem

2
3x + 6x = k
(x 2) 2x 2 (3a 1)x + 2 = 0 x 2 = 0
2x 2 (3a 1)x + 2 = g(x) = 0

e qua A ke c 3 tiep tuyen en (C) khi g(x) = 0 co 2 nghiem phan biet khac 2 thoa :
5

g > 0
3(a + 1)(3a 5) > 0
a < 1 a >

3
a 2
a 2
g(2) 0
5
Vay a < 1 a > a 2
3

Cho ho ng cong (Cm) : y =

(m 1)x + m
, m 0 .Chng minh rang (Cm) tiep xuc 1 ng thang co
xm

nh tai 1 iem co nh khi m: thay oi

Goi (x0,y0) la iem co nh ma (Cm) i qua khi y 0 =

(m 1)x 0 + m
x0 m

(x 0 + y 0 1)m x 0 (y 0 + 1) = 0 : co nghiem m 0 ; x 0 m

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
x = 0
x + y 0 1 = 0
x = 2
0
0
0
x 0 (y 0 + 1) = 0
y 0 = 1
y 0 = 1
ieu kien m 0 ; x 0 m nen A(0,1) thoa bai toan

Vay A(0,1) la iem co nh ma (Cm) i qua

m 2
m 2
|
(0)
=

y
= 1 ; m 0
Ta lai co y| =
(x m)2
(0 m)2
Vay phng trnh tiep tuyen vi (Cm) tai A la y y A = y| (0)(x x A )
y = x +1

Cho ham so y = x 3 12x + 12 ,o th la (C) . Tm tren ng thang y = -4 nhng iem A ma t o co the

ke c 3 tiep tuyen en (C)
Goi A(a,-4) y = 4 (d) : y = k(x a) 4

x 3 12x + 12 = k(x a) 4
Hoanh o tiep iem la nghiem he 2
3x 12 = k
x = 2

2
g(x) = 2x + (4 3a)x + 8 6a = 0
e qua A ke c 3 tiep tuyen phan biet g(x) = 0 co 2 nghiem phan biet khac 2
> 0
4
g
a < 4 a >

3
g(2) 0 a 2

Vay nhng iem A(a, 4);a < 4 a >

4
a 2 thoa bai toan
3

Cho ham so y = x 4 4x 3 + 3 , co o th la (C)

1.Chng minh rang ton tai mot tiep tuyen duy nhat tiep xuc vi o th (C) tai 2 iem phan biet
2.Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen th 2 vi o th song song vi tiep tuyen va ke . Cho biet hoanh
o tiep iem
3.Da vao cac ket qua tren , tuy theo tham so m , suy ra so nghiem phng trnh :
x 4 4x 3 + 8x + m = 0
1.Tiep tuyen tai 2 iem cua (C) dang y = ax + b (d)
Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua (C) va (d) la: x 4 4x 3 + 3 = ax + b
x 4 4x 3 ax + 3 b = 0 (1)
e (d) tiep xuc (C) th phai co ong thi 2 nghiem kep
x 4 4x 3 ax + 3 b = (x )2 (x )2
x 4 4x 3 ax + 3 b = x 4 2( + )x 3 + ( 2 + 2 + 4)x 2 2( + )x

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
+ = 2
+ = 2
2 + 2 + 4 = 0
= 2

ong nhat thc 2 ve

2( + ) = a
a = 8
2
2
= 3 b
b = 1
tiep tuyen : y = 8x 1 (d1 )

hoanh o tiep iem : = 1 3 ; = 1 + 3

2.Tiep tuyen song song y = 8x 1
Ta co y| = 8 4x 3 12x 2 = 8 x = 1 y = 0

x = 1 3
x = 1 + 3

Vay tiep tuyen th 2 co phng trnh y = 8x + 8 (d 2 )

3. x 4 4x 3 + 8x + m = 0 x 4 4x 3 + 3 = 8x m + 3
La phong trnh hoanh o giao iem gia (C) : y = x 4 4x 3 + 3

(d) : 8x m + 3
(d1 ) Oy = {0, 1}

, (d) Oy = {0,3 m}

(d 2 ) Oy = {0,8}

-m + 3
+
8
-1

m
m < -5
m = -5
-5 < m < 4
m=4
m>4

Nghiem phng trnh

2 nghiem
3 nghiem (co 1 nghiem kep x = 1)
4 nghiem phan biet
2 nghiem kep x = 1 3
Vo nghiem

(3m + 1)x m 2 + m
Cho ham so y =
, m 0 co o th la (Cm)
x+m

1.Vi gia tr nao cua m th giao iem cua o th vi truc hoanh , tiep tuyen se song song vi
ng thang y = x 20 . Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen ay
2.CMR : (Cm) luon tiep xuc vi 2 ng thang co nh
3.Tren ng thang x = 1 , ch ra tat ca cac iem ma khong co ng nao cua (Cm) i qua
1. (Cm) Ox : (3m + 1)x 0 m 2 + m = 0 x 0 =
Ta co : y| =

m2 m
1
; m 0; m
3m + 1
3

4m 2
(3m + 1)2
|
y

=
0
(x + m)2
4m 2

Tiep tuyen song song vi ng thang y = x 10 y|0 = 1

A(1, 0) , (T1 ) : y = x + 1
m = 1 , x 0 = 1 , y 0 = 0

3
1
3
B , 0 , (T2 ) : y = x 3
m = , x0 = , y0 = 0

5
5
5

(3m + 1)2
=1
4m 2

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
2.Goi ng thang co nh la y = ax + b
(3m + 1)x m 2 + m
Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem :
= ax + b
x+m
ax 2 + [(a 3)m + b 1] x + m 2 + (b 1)m = 0

a 0
a 0
m 2
KTX :
2
2
= 0
(a 10a + 9)m + 2 [(a 3)(b 1) 2a(b 1)] m + (b 1) = 0
a = 1
(T ) : y = x + 1

a = 9 1
(T2 ) : y = 9x + 1
b =1

3.Goi A(1,a) x = 1
3m + 1 m 2 + m
Ycbt : A (Cm) Khi: a =
vo nghiem m
1+ m
m 2 + (a 4)m + a 1 = 0 vo nghiem m khi m < 0
a2 12a + 20 < 0 2 < a < 10
Nhng iem ma (Cm) khong qua la A(1,a) ; 2 < a < 10

Cho ng cong y = 3x 4x 3 ; o th (C)

1.Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen cua (C) e tiep tuyen o i qua M(1,3)
2.Tm tren ng cong y = -9x + 8 nhng iem ma t o ve c 2 tiep tuyen en (C) va chung
vuong goc nhau
1.Goi (d) la ng thang qua M(1,3) va co he so goc la k co pt : y = k (x 1) va co x0 la hoanh o tiep
iem , khi o ta co : 3x 0 4x 30 = k(x 0 1) + 3 x 0 = 0 ; k = 3 ; y = 3x

3
3 12x 0 = k
x 0 = 2 ; k = 24 ; y = 24x + 27
2.Goi A(a, 9a + 8) y = 9x + 8 . Moi ng thang qua A co he so goc la k eu co phng trnh :
y = k(x a) 9a + 8 va x0 la hoanh o tiep iem khi he

3x 0 4x 30 = k(x a) 9a + 8
co nghiem

2
3 12x 0 = k
(x 0 1) 2x 20 (2 3a)x 0 + 2 3a = 0
x = 1 ; k = 9
0
2
f ( x 0 ) = 2x 0 (2 3a)x 0 + 2 3a = 0
Theo bai toan ta co f ( x 0 ) = 0 co 2 nghiem phan biet
2
(2 3a)2 8(2 3a) > 0 a > a < 2 (*)
3
f ( x 0 ) = 0 thoa k1.k2 = -1 (3 12t12 )(3 12t 22 ) = 1
9 36 (t1 + t 2 )2 2t1t1 + 144t12 t 22 = 1 Vi t1 t 2 la 2 nghiem cua f(x 0 ) = 0

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
Goi (Cm) la o th y = f (x) =
tiep tuyen o vuong goc vi

x 2 + (1 2m)x m
. Hay xac nh gia tr m e (Cm) cat Ox tai 2 iem va 2
x 1

Giai

x 2 + 2x + m
m
; y = x 2m +
;(m 0)
2
(x + 1)
x +1
(Cm) cat Ox tai hai iem phan biet phng trnh : x 2 + (1 2m)x m = 0 (1) co hai nghiem
y ' = f '(x) =

= (1 2m) 2 4( m) > 0
phan biet khac -1
2
(1) + (1 2m)(1) m 0
4m 2 + 1 > 0
ung.

m
0

Vay vi m 0 th (Cm) cat Ox tai 2 iem phan biet M ( x1 , 0), N ( x2 , 0) vi x1 , x2 la 2 nghiem cua

phng trnh (1). Khi o ta co : x1 + x 2 = 2m 1 va x1x 2 = m

Tiep tuyen tai M, N vuong goc nhau f '( x1 ) f '( x2 ) = 1
x 2 + 2x + m x 2 + 2x + m
1
2
2
= 1
1
( x + 1)2 ( x + 1)2
1
2

(x12 + 2x1 + m)(x 2 2 + 2x 2 + m) = ( x1 + 1) ( x 2 + 1)

2

(x1x 2 )2 + 2x1x 2 (x1 + x 2 ) + m(x12 + x 2 2 ) + 2m(x1 + x 2 ) + m 2 + 4x1x 2 = (x1x 2 + x1 + x 2 + 1)2

4m 2 + m(2m 1)2 4m = m 2
m(4m 2 + m 3) = 0

m = 0 (loai) V m = 1 V m =
Vay

m = 1 V m =

3
4

3
4

Nhan xet :

1) Neu ko at ieu kien m 0 e ton tai (Cm) la ham hu t hoac khong noi ro (Cm) cat Ox co hai
nghiem khac mau so (ngha la m 0 ) th at han ta nhan m=0 lam nghiem th ket qua sai.
2) Thong thng cac em quen dung Viet cho y' . Nhng yeu cau bai toan khong e cap y' e
f '( x1 ) f '( x2 ) = 1 trong Viet cua phng trnh bac hai.

1/ Cho ham so y = x 4 2 x3 3x 2 + 5 co o th (C) .Tm phng trnh tiep tuyen tiep xuc (C) tai hai iem
phan biet , tnh toa o tiep iem.
2/ Chng minh rang co 1 tiep tuyen duy nhat tiep xuc (C) : y = x 4 + 4 x3 2 x 2 + 7 x + 6 tai hai iem phan
biet . Tm toa o tiep iem.
3/ Xac nh a, b e (d) : y= ax+b tiep xuc vi ng cong (C) : y = x 4 6 x3 + x 2 + 26 x + 3 tai hai iem
phan biet. Tm toa o tiep iem

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

1/

Goi (d) : y = ax + b.
Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua (C) va (d) : x 3 x 4 2 x 3 3 x 2 + 5 = ax + b
x 4 2 x 3 3 x 2 + 5 ax b = 0
Phng trnh (1) phai co 2 nghiem kep x1 , x2 phan biet.

(1) viet lai x 4 2 x 3 3 x 2 + 5 ax b = ( x x1 ) 2 ( x x2 ) 2 = 0

x 4 2 x 3 3 x 2 + 5 ax b = x 4 2( x1 + x2 ) x3 + ( x1 + x2 ) 2 + 2 x1 x2 x 2 2 x1 x2 ( x1 + x2 ) x + x12 x2 2 = 0

ong nhat thc hai ve ta c:

2( x1 + x2 ) = 2
x1 + x2 = 1

x x = 2
2
1 2
( x1 + x2 ) + 2 x1 x2 = 3

a = 4
2 x1 x2 ( x1 + x2 ) = a
2
2
b = 1
x x = 5 b
1 2
tiep tuyen cua (C) tai hai iem phan biet (d): y= -4x+1. Hoanh o tiep iem la nghiem phng trnh
: x 2 x 2 = 0 x= -1 V x= 2
Vay 2 tiep iem la ; A (-1,5) ; B (2,-7)
2/ Tng t y = 5x - 3 ; C (1,2) ; D (-3,-18)
3/ Tng t y = 2x - 13; E (-1,-15) , F (4,-5)
(m 1) x 2 (5m + 2) x + 2m 14
Cho (C) : y =
va (d) : y = 2mx + 2 .
x3

1. Xac nh m e (C) va (d) cat nhau tai 2 iem phan biet A, B.

2. Goi M la giao iem cua (d) va truc Oy. Tnh theo m toa o cua iem N tren (d) thoa man he thc
uuur
uuur
NA
MA
uuur = uuur .
NB
MB
3. Tm quy tch iem N khi m thay oi.
1. Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua (C) va (d):

(m 1)x 2 (5m + 2)x + 2m 14

=2mx+2; x 3
x 3

(m + 1) x 2 + (4 m) x + 8 2m = 0 (1).
(d) cat (C) tai hai iem A, B phan biet (1) co 2 nghiem phan biet

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
4

m + 1 0
m < V m > 4

2
= 9m 32m 16 > 0
m -1
uuur
uuur
x x
x x
NA
MA
2. uuur = uuur A N = A M
xB x N
NB
MB
xB xM
( x A + x B ) x N = 2 x A xB x N = 4

yN = 2mxN + 2 = 2 8m N (-4,2-8m).
2 y
1

y 10
8

4
y < 30
9
2 y
3. xN = -4 N ( d ) : x = -4 gii han bi: m <

<
9
4

y > 50
8
m > 4
2 y

9
8 > 4

50
Quy tch iem N la phan ng x = -4 , ng y< -30 V y >
vi y 10
9

Cho ham so : y = x3 + 3x 2 2 ; (C) .Tm cac iem thuoc o th (C) ma qua o ke c mot va ch mot
tiep tuyen ti o th (C).
Goi M 0 ( x0 , y0 ) (C ) y0 = x03 + 3 x02 2 . Phng trnh ng thang (t) qua M co he so goc la k co dang
y = k ( x x0 ) + y0
x 3 + 3 x 2 2 = k ( x x0 ) + y0
(t) tiep tuyen cua (C) khi he sau co nghiem :
vi y0 = x03 + 3 x02 2
2
3 x + 6 x = k
( x x0 ) 2 x 2 + (3 + x0 ) x + x0 ( x0 3) = 0

x x0 = 0

2
2 x + (3 + x0 ) x + x0 ( x0 3) = 0;(3)
x = x0

2
(3) : = 9( x0 1) > 0, x0 1
x = x0

x = x0 Vx = 3 x0

2
k = 3 x0 2 + 6 x0
x = x0

3
x
3 x0
3 x0
0
x =
+ 6
k = 3

2
2
2

3 x0
. Muon co 1 va ch 1 tiep tuyen
2
3 x0
vi (C) , ieu kien can va u la 2 tiep iem phai trung nhau x0 =
x0 = 1, y0 = 0 . Khi o he so
2
goc cua tiep tuyen la k = 3.

Vay qua M 0 ( x0 , y0 ) (C ) co 2 tiep tuyen vi tiep iem x = x0 , x =

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
Ket luan : Vay co tiep tuyen duy nhat cua (C) la : y=3(x -1) vi tiep iem M 0 (1, 0)

Cho ng cong y = x3 + 3x + 2 tm cac iem tren truc hoanh sao cho t o ve c 3 tiep tuyen vi
ng cong

Goi M ( x0 , 0) Ox : ng thang qua M co dang y = k ( x x0 ) ;(t)

(t) la tiep tuyen cua (C) khi he sau co nghiem:
3
2
x + 3 x 2 = k ( x x0 )
( x + 1) 2 x 2 (3 x0 + 2) x + 3 x0 + 2 = 0;(1)

2
3 x + 6 x = k
Qua M ( x0 , 0) ve c 3 tiep tuyen vi ng cong khi : (1) co 3 nghiem phan biet
= (3x0 + 2) 2 8(3x0 + 2) > 0
; f ( x) = 2 x 2 (3 x0 + 2) x + 3 x0 + 2

f ( 1) = 6 x0 + 6 > 0
2
x0 < 1; 1 < x0 < ; x0 > 2
3
Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen chung cua y = x 2 2 x ; y = x3 + 2 x 4
Goi y= ax+b la tiep tuyen chung va gia s x1 , x2 la hoanh o tiep iem. Vi y = x 2 2 x va
y = x3 + 2 x 4 . Khi he sau co nghiem

x12 2 x1 = ax1 + b;(1)

b = x12 2 x1 x1 (2 x1 2) = x12

3x 2 + 4
2 x1 2 = a;(2)

x1 2 = 3x2 2 + 2 x1 = 2
3
2
x2 + 2 x2 4 = ax2 + b;(3)
3 x 2 + 2 = a;(4)
3
(3 x2 + 4) 2
2
2
2
4
(3
2)
x
x
x
x
+

=
+

2
2
2
2
4

4
3
9 x2 8 x2 + 24 x2 = 0

2
x2 = 0
a = 3 x2 + 2

a = 2 y = 2 x 4
3 x2 2 + 4
x1 =
b = 4
2

2
b = x1

Cho ham so y =

x+2
.Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen cua o th ham so i qua A (-6,5)
x2

Phng trnh ng thang qua A (-6,5) co he so goc la k : y = k ( x + 6) + 5 , (d)

(d) la tiep tuyen cua o th (C)

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
4
4

1 + x 2 = k ( x + 6) + 5 1 + x 2 = k ( x 2) + 8k + 5

4 2 = k
=k
2
( x 2)
( x 2)
4
4

1 + x 2 = x 2 + 8k + 5 2 = 2k + 1

x2
4

(2k + 1) 2 = k
=k
2

( x 2)

k = 1
1
1
7

vi k = -1 :y= -x -1 vi k = : y = x +
1
k =
4
4
2

Cho ham so y =

4 + mx 3x 2
.Vi gia tr nao cua m th tiep tuyen cua o th tai iem co hoanh o x = 0
4x + m

vuong goc vi tiem can.

Tiem can ng : 4 x + m = 0 .
3
7
Tiem can xien : y = x + m.
4
16
2
2
12 x 6mx + m 16
y' =
(4 x + m)2

He so goc tiep tuyen cua o th tai x0 = 0 la y '(0) =

tiep tuyen vuong goc vi TC th k = 0

m 2 16
=k
m2

m 2 16
= 0 m = 4
m2

3
TCX k = 1 vo nghiem.
4
tiep tuyen tai x = 0 ch vuong goc TC khi m = 4

Cho ham so ( Hm) : y =

mx 3
x+m4

1/ nh m nguyen e ham so nghch bien tren tng khoang xac nh

2/ Vi m= 2 . Tm nhng iem tren (H) ma tai o tiep tuyen cua (H) lap vi Ox 1 goc dng 1350 . Viet
phng trnh tiep tuyen.

m 2 4m + 3
. Ham so nghch bien tren tng khoang xac nh y ' < 0 m 2 4m + 3 < 0
2
( x + m 4)
1< m < 3

m= 2
gt : m
2x 3
.
2/ m=2 y =
x2

1/ y ' =

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
Goi M ( x0 , y0 ) ( H ) y0 =

2 x0 3
x0 2

=1

( x0 2) 2
0

k = y '0 = tan135 = 1
y '0 =

1
( x0 2) 2

x0 = 3; y0 = 3 M 1 (1,1)

M 2 (3,3)
x0 = 1; y0 = 1
M : y = x + 2
phng trnh tiep tuyen tai 1
M 2 : y = x + 6

Cho ham so y =

2 x2 x + 1
x 1

1/ Chng to tren ng thang y = 7 co 3 iem M ke c en (C) ch 1 tiep tuyen // Ox

2/ Chng to tren ng thang y = 7 co 4 iem sao t iem o co the ke en (C) 2 tiep tuyen lap vi
nhau 1 goc 450
S: 1/ M 1 (1, 7), M 2 (2, 7), M 3 (3, 7)
2/ M1 (3 2 6); M 2 (5 2 2)
x 2 + mx + m
Cho ham so y =
; o th (Cm) ; m tham so .Tm m e o th ham so cat truc hoanh tai hai
x+2

iem phan biet va tiep tuyen tai 2 iem o vuong goc vi nhau.

x 2 + mx + m
= 0 co hai nghiem phan
o th ham so cat truc hoanh tai 2 iem phan biet khi phng trnh :
x+2
= x 2 4m > 0
biet khi x 2 + mx + m =0 co 2 nghiem phan biet x 2
4 2m + m 0
m < 0
. Vay vi m< 0 V m > 4 th o th ham so cat truc hoanh tai 2 iem phan biet A, B co hoanh

m > 4
o xA , xB la nghiem cua phng trnh : x 2 + mx + m = 0.

Hai tiep tuyen tai A va B vuong goc vi nhau . y '( A) y '( B ) = 1

x 2 + 4 x A + m xB 2 + 4 xB + m
A

= 1
2
2
( x A + 2)
( xB + 2)

2
(4 m) x A xB + [ x A xB + 2( x A + xB ) + 4] = 0, (1)

x A xB = m
Vi
th (1) (4 m) 2 m + (4 m 2 ) = 0
x A + xB = m
m= 4 (loai) v m >4
m= -1 ( nhn) v m< 0 m = 1

Cho ham so y = x3 + mx 2 + 1 co o th la (Cm). Tm m e ng thang (d) : y= -x+1 cat (Cm) tai 3 iem
phan biet A (0,1) , B,C sao cho cac tiep tuyen tai B va C cua (Cm) vuong goc

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

x = 0
Ta co : x3 + mx 2 + 1 = x + 1
. e (d) cat (Cm) tai 3 iem phan biet th f(x) = 0
2
f ( x ) = x + mx + 1 = 0
buoc co 2 nghiem phan biet khac 0 ' f = m2 4 > 0 m< -2 V m > 2

x1 + x2 = m
(I )
va x1 , x2 la hoanh o cua B va C thoa :
x1 x2 = 1
Ta co he so goc tiep tuyen tai B la : k1 = y '( x1 ) = (3x12 + 2mx1 )
he so goc tiep tuyen tai C la : k2 = y '( x2 ) = (3x2 2 + 2mx2 )
e 2 tiep tuyen tai B va C vuong goc th: k1k2 = 1
x1 x2 9 x1 x2 + 6m( x1 + x2 ) + 4m 2 = 1; ( II )

T (I) va (II) m 2 = 5 m = 5 thoa m< -2 Vm> 2.

Vay m = 5 thoa bai toan.

Cho ng cong (Cm) : y = x3 + mx 2 m va ng thang (d k ) : y= k(x+1)+1 . Tm ieu kien gia k va m

e (d k ) cat (Cm) tai 3 iem phan biet . Tm k e (d k ) cat (Cm) thanh 2 oan bang nhau.
(d k ) : y=k(x+ 1)+1 luon qua A(-1,1) nen (d k ) co iem chung (Cm) la A. Phng trnh hoanh o giao

iem cua (d k ) va (Cm) : x 3 + mx 2 m = k(x+1)+1

( x + 1) x 2 (1 + m) x + m + k + 1 = 0
x = 1

2
g ( x) = x (1 + m) x + m + k + 1 = 0
e (d k ) cat (Cm) tai 3 iem phan biet khi g(x)= 0 co 2 nghiem phan biet khac -1

1 2

g > 0
k < (m 2m 3)

4
k 2m 3
g ( 1) 0
Do (d k ) qua A (-1,1) (Cm) nen (d k ) cat (Cm) thanh 2 oan bang nhau th (d k ) qua iem uon
2
2
m

m
I , m + m3 cua (Cm) khi o toa o I thoa (d k ) : m + m3 = k + 1
27
27
3
3

3
4m
2(m + 1)
k =

27(m + 1)
m+2

x 2 + 3x + a
, a la tham so .
x +1
1/ Khao sat va ve o th khi : a= 3 ; S( H ) = (C ) , TCX x=1, x= 5 hoac S( H ) = (C ) , TCX x= -3, x= -2 .

Xet ham so y =

2/ Vi nhng gia tr nao cua tham so a th o th cua ham so tren co tiep tuyen vuong goc vi ng
phan giac th nhat cua he truc toa o ? CMR khi o o th ham so co iem cc ai va iem cc tieu .

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
x2 + 2x + 3 a
; x 1 tiep tuyen vuong goc vi ng phan giac , goc phan t th nhat y=x la ng
( x + 1)2
thang co phng trnh : y= -x +m. (t). vi (t) la tiep tuyen cua(C) khi he sau conghiem
x 2 + 3x + a
x + 1 = x + m, (1)

2
x + 2 x + 3 a = 1, (2)
( x + 1) 2
y' =

(1) co nghiem x 1 x 2 + 3x + a = ( x + m)( x +1) co nghiem x 1

(4 m) 2 4.2( x m) 0

2
g ( 1) = 2(1) + (4 + m)(1) + a m 0
m 2 8a + 16

a 2
(2) co nghiem x 1 x 2 + 2 x + 3 a = ( x + 1) 2 . Co nghiem x 1 .
2( x + 1) 2 = a 2 co nghiem x 1
a 2 0
a 2

a>2
2
h( 1) = 2(1 + 1) a 2
a 2
c 2 8a 16
ieu kien chung cua he (1),(2) e co nghiem x 1 la :
a > 2

Vi a > 2 , y'= 0

x2 + 2 x + 3 a
=0
( x + 1) 2

x 2 + 2 x + 3 a = 0; ' = a 2

x 1
y'= 0 co ' = a 2 > 0 , do o co 2 nghiem phan biet , nen oi dau 2 lan qua nghiem . Ham so co cc ai ,
cc tieu.
Co the kiem nghiem vi a = 3 C 2 8 chon C 2 = 9 C = 3 . Khi o co 2 tiep tuyen :
5 4
1 10
y = -x 3 ; y = -x + 3 . Lan lt tiep xuc vi (C) tai M 1 , ; M 2 ,
3 3
3 3

Cho ham so : y = x + 1+

4
; co o th la (C)
x 1

Tm quy tch nhng iem trong mat phang t o dng c 2 tiep tuyen vi (C) va 2 tiep tuyen nay
vuong goc vi nhau .
Goi M(x0 , y0) la iem bat k thuoc mat phang ; x0 1
ng thang qua M, co he so goc la k dang : y = k( x x0) + y0 ; (d)
Phng trnh hoanh o cua (d) va (C) la:
k(x- x0) + y0 = x + 1 +

4
<=> (k 1)x2 ((x0 + 1)k y0)x + kx0 y0 3 = 0 (*)
x 1

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
e (d) tiep xuc (C) khi (*) co nghiem kep

k 1
k 1 0
<=>
<=>
2 2
2
= 0
g (k ) = ( x0 1) k + ( x0 + 2 y0 + 5)k + ( y0 2) 16 = 0
e t M ke c 2 tiep tuyen vuong goc th g(k) = 0 phai co 2 nghiem phan biet k1, k2 sao cho k1k2 = -1
va k 1
( y0 2) 2 16
= 1

2
( x0 1)

<=> g (1) 0
<=>
( x 1) 2 0
0

( x0 1) 2 + ( y0 2) 2 = 16

x0 1 => y0 6 y0 2

Vay quy tch nhng iem M t o ke c 2 tiep tuyen vuong goc en o th (C) la ng tron tam I(1,2)
, ban knh R = 4 co phng trnh : (x -1)2 + (y 2)2 = 16 tr i 2 iem : (1,-2) va (1, 6)

Cho ham so y = x3 +3x2 +mx +1 ; co o th la (Cm)

1. Chng minh rang vi moi m th (Cm) luon cat o th (C) : y = x3 + 2x2 + 7 tai hai iem phan biet
A va B . Tm quy tch trung iem I cua AB
2. Xac nh m e (Cm) cat ng thang y = 1 tai 3 iem phan biet C(0,1); D va E . Tm m e cac
tiep tuyen cua (Cm) tai D va E vuong goc vi nhau
3. Tm a e moi x : f(x) = (x -2)2 + 2 x a 3
1. Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua (Cm) va (C) la :
x3 + 3x2 + mx +1 = x3 + 2x2 +7 <=> f(x) = x2 +mx 6 = 0
f(x) = 0 luon co 2nghiem phan biet (V f = m2 + 24 > 0) A,B thoa
A(x1, x13 + 2 x12 + 7 ) ; B( x2 , x23 + 2 x22 + 7 ) ; vi x1, x2 la nghiemso cuaf(x) = 0 co x1 + x2 = -m
Goi I la toa o trung iem cua AB th :
x1 + x2 m

xI = 2 = 2
I
3
3
y = y1 + y2 = x1 + x2 + ( x 2 + x 2 ) + 7 = m 18m + m2 + 19
1
2
I
2
2
2
m
=

2
x

=>yI = 4 xI3 + 4 xI2 + 18 xI + 19

<=>
(2 xI )3 18(2 xI )
2
+ (2 xI ) + 19
yI =
2

Vay quy tch trung iem I la ng cong : y = 4x3 + 4x2 +18x +9

2. Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua (Cm) va y = 1 la :
x3 + 3x2 +mx + 1 = 1 <=> x(x2 + 3x + m) = 0
x = 0
<=>
2
g ( x) = x + 3x + m = 0(2)

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt
e (Cm) cat y = 1 tai 3 iem C(0,1) ; D va E khi (2) co hai nghiem phan biet khac 0 <=>
9 4m > 0
9
<=> 0 m <

4
m 0

xD + xE = 3
Khi o goi xD , xE la hoanh o cua D,E ta co :
xD . xE = m
Tiep tuyen cua (Cm) tai D, E vuong goc khi y '( xD ) . y '( xE ) = 1
(3xD2 + 6 xD + m)(3xE2 + 6 xE + m) = 1
xD2 .xE2 m[( xD + xE )2 2 xD xE ] + m 2 = 1
<=> 4m2 9m + 1 = 0 <=> m =
Vay m =

9 65
9
;0 m <
8
4

9 65
8

3. f(x) = (x 2)2 + 2 x a 3, at g(x) = (x -2)2 + 2 x a 3

ta can chng minh f(x) 3 <=> min g(x) 0 ; x
* Neu x a 0 <=> x m ; khio g(x) = (x 2)2 +2(x a) 3 co:
g(x) = 2x - 2 ; g(x) = 0 <=> x = 1

x
g(x)
g(x

1
0

-2a

x a =>a 1 => min g(x) = -2a >0 <=> a 0

*Neu x a 0; g(x) = (x 2)2 - 2 x a 3 ; g(x) = 2x 6
g(x) =0 <=> x = 3
x
g(x)
g(x)

3
0

2a 8

x a => a 3 =>min g(x) = 2a 8 0 => a 4

Vay a 0 a 4