CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Cu 1: Mt anehit c cng thc tng qut l CnH2n + 2 2a m (CHO)m. Cc gi tr n, a, m ln lt c xc nh l A. n > 0, a 0, m 1. B. n 0, a 0, m 1. C. n > 0, a > 0, m > 1. D. n 0, a > 0, m 1. CnH2n + 2 2a m (CHO)m hay Cn+m H2n+2-2a Om => n+ m 1 S C 1 ; m 1 andehit lun c oxi => n 0, Ngoi ra a = tng s pi + vng trong gc hidrocabon => a 0, =>B xem li chuyn 1 cch xc nh CTTQ ca mi cht Cu 2: Co bao nhiu ng phn cu tao C5H10O co kha nng tham gia phan ng trang gng ? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. c p trng gng => X phi c gc - CHO ; V X c 1 Oxi => c 1 gc CHO ng phn C5H10O C k = 1 ; gc CHO => gc hidrocacbon no C C C C CHO ; C C(C) C CHO ; C C(CHO) C C ; C (C)C(CHO) C 4 p => C Cu 3: Co bao nhiu xeton co cng thc phn t l C5H10O ? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Xeton C(O) C5H10O c k = 1 L gc C(O) ng phn : C C(O) C C C ; C C C(O) C C ; C C(C) C(O) C => 3 p => C Cu 4: Co bao nhiu ng phn cu tao C6H12O tham gia phan ng trang gng ?
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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

A. 6. B. 7. C. 8. D. 9. Bi 2 => c gc - CHO p : C C C C C CHO ; C C(CHO) C C C ; C C C(CHO) C C C C(C) C C CHO ; C (C)C(C) C CHO ; C C(C) C(C) CHO C (C)C(CHO) C C ; C C(C) C(CHO) C => 8 p => C Bn nn ghi ra giy thy r hn Cu 5: Co bao nhiu ancol C5H12O khi tac dung vi CuO un nong cho ra anehit ? A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Ancol + CuO => andehit => Ancol bc I OH gn vi C bc I C C C C C OH ; C C(C) C C OH ; C C C(C) C OH ; C (C)C(C) C OH 4 p => D Cu 6: CTGN ca 1 anehit no, a chc, mch h l C2H3O. CTPT ca n l A. C8H12O4. B. C4H6O. C. C12H18O6. D. C4H6O2. Andehit no , a chc => S pi = s gc CHO = s Oxi V a chc => R (CHO)m => D c k = 2 = 2 Oxi tha mn => D Cu 7: CTGN ca anehit no, a chc, mch h l C2H3O. Anehit c s ng phn l A. 2. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3. Cu 6 => C4H6O2 => C 2 gc CHO : CHO C C CHO ; C C(CHO) CHO => 2 p => A Cu 8: (CH3)2CHCHO c tn l A. isobutyranehit. B. anehit isobutyric. C. 2-metyl propanal. D. A, B, C u ng. Xem cch c SGK => andehit + tn axit thng thng ; Tn axit thng thng b ui ic + andehit; Tn thay th + al; SGK 239,249 3 2 1 (CH3)2CHCHO hay CH3 CH CHO => CH3 CH Iso =A tha mn c 4 C => isobutyr CH3 CH3 B ng Andehit + tn axit thng thng andehit isobutyric C ng 2 metyl propanal => D Cu 9: CTPT ca ankanal c 10,345% H theo khi lng l A. HCHO. B. CH3CHO. C. C2H5CHO. D. C3H7CHO. p n => CTPT c dng : CnH2nO V u l andehit no , n chc %H = 2n.100% / (14n + 16) = 10,345% => n = 3 => C3H6O hay C2H5CHO => C Cu 10: Anehit A (ch cha mt loi nhm chc) co %C va %H (theo khi lng) ln lt la 55,81 va 6,97. Chi ra phat biu sai A. A la anehit hai chc. B. A con co ng phn la cac axit cacboxylic. C. A la anehit no. D. Trong phan ng trang gng, mt phn t A chi cho 2 electron. %C , %H => %O = 100% - CxHyOz => x : y = %C /12 : %H / 1 : %O/16 = 2 : 3 : 1 => CTG : (C2H3O)n => n = 2 Cu 6 C4H6O2 hay CHO C C CHO A ng : 2 chc CHO ; B ng v c 2 oxi => C ng phn axit cacboxylic COOH C ng v gc hidrocacbon no - C C D sai Mo ta c AgNO3 => Ag => AgNO3 nhn 1 e => Andehit cho 1 e Cu 11: Trong cung iu kin nhit va ap sut, 1 lit hi anehit A co khi lng bng khi lng 1 lit CO 2. A la A. anehit fomic. B. anehit axetic. C. anehit acrylic. D. anehit benzoic. T l th tch = t l s mol nA = nCO2 mA / MA = mCO2 / MCO2 MA = MCO2 = 44 v m A = mCO2 => B CH3CHO Cch nh ta lun c HCHO c M = 30 V l ng ng => hn km nhau 14 => M = 44 l CH3CHO Thm CH2 Cu 12: t chay hoan toan p mol anehit X c q mol CO 2 va t mol H2O. Bit p = q - t. Mt khac 1 mol X trang gng c 4 mol Ag. X thuc day ng ng anehit A. n chc, no, mch h. C. hai chc cha no (1 ni i C=C). B. hai chc, no, mch h. D. nhi chc cha no (1 ni ba CC). nCO2 nH2O = nAndehit => Andehit c 2 lin kt pi Ging ankin
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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

ADCT : nAg = 2x. nA vi x l s gc CHO c trong cht A trng hp c bit HCHO c 2 gc CHO => x = 2 => hay andehit c 2 gc CHO hoc HCHO c 1pi . v c 2 lin kt pi => Ch c andehit 2 chc Hay 2 pi trong 2 gc CHO => khng cn pi no trong hidroacbon => no , mch h => B Cu 13: Anehit a chc A chay hoan toan cho mol CO2 - mol H2O = mol A. A la A. anehit no, mch h. B. anehit cha no. C. anehit thm. D. anehit no, mch vong. Cu 12 => A Ngc li Cu 14: t chay anehit A c mol CO2 = mol H2O. A la A. anehit no, mch h, n chc. B. anehit n chc, no, mch vong. C. anehit n chc co 1 ni i, mch h. D. anehit no 2 chc, mch h. nCO2 = nH2O => A cha 1 lin kt pi => A tha mn V n chc hay gc CHO cha 1 lin kt pi B sai v n chc + vng = 2 pi C sai v ni i hidrocacbon D sai v 2 chc => 2pi Cu 15: un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H2 (xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z ; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H2 c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l anehit A. no, hai chc. B. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc. C. no, n chc. D. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc. T l th tch = t l s mol => V lt hi andehit X + 3V lt H2 => 2 V lt Y PT : Andehit : X CnH2n+2 2aOz + aH2 => CnH2n+2Oz a l tng pi + vng Ban u V lt 3V Andehit ht v Ni nung nng P V lt aV lt V lt Sau p 0 3 aV V V sau p = VH2d + VCnH2n+2Oz to thnh = 3V aV + V = 4V aV m cho V sau p = V Y = 2V => 4V aV = 2V a = 2 => X c 2 pi Vi bi andehit p vi H2 => hn hp tng t vi dng bi cracking ankan Mt khc Y l ru CnH2n+2Oz v H2 d => Ngng t => Z l CnH2n+2Oz V n Ru = nH2 => Ru c 2 nhm OH hay Andehit c 2 gc CHO va 2 pi => Andehit no , 2 chc => C Cu 16: Cho cac cht : HCN, H2, dung dich KMnO4, dung dich Br2/H2O, dung dich Br2/CH3COOH a. S cht phan ng c vi (CH3)2CO iu kin thch hp la A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. (CH3)2CO l xeton => P SGK 11NC 240 - 241 PT : (CH3)2-CO +HCN => CH3-C(CH3)(OH)-CN (CH3)2CO + H2 (CH3)2CH-OH Xeton khng p vi KMnO4 , dung dch Br2/H2O (CH3)2CO + Br2 => CH3 CO CH2Br + HBr => Tng = 3 3 p u trong SGK b. S cht phan ng c vi CH3CH2CHO iu kin thch hp la A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5. Andehit p c KMnO4 v dung dch Br2/H2O => D P SGK Cu 17: CH3CHO c th to thnh trc tip t A. CH3COOCH=CH2. B. C2H2. C. C2H5OH. D. Tt c u ng. SGK 11NC 242 ; 2C2H2 + O2 => 2CH3CHO CH3COOCH=CH2 + NaOH => CH3COONa + CH3CHO iu kin h bin C2H5OH + CuO => CH3CHO + Cu + H2O => D Cu 18: Qu trnh no sau y khng to ra anehit axetic ? A. CH2=CH2+ H2O (to, xc tc HgSO4). B. CH2=CH2 + O2 (to, xc tc). o C. CH3COOCH=CH2 + dung dch NaOH (t ). D. CH3CH2OH + CuO (t0). Xem Cu 17 => A p vi O2 Cu 19: Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra anehit axetic l
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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

A. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5. B. HCOOC2H3, C2H2, CH3COOH. C. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2. D. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4. C ng => P : C2H5OH + CuO => CH3CHO + Cu + H2O 2C2H4 + O2 => 2CH3CHO SGK 11 NC 242 C2H2 + H2O => CH3CHO SGK 11 NC 177 A sai loi CH3COOC2H5 ; B,D sai loi CH3COOH Thm HCOOC2H3 + NaOH => HCOONa + CH3CHO iu kin h bin ca ru Cu 20: Mt axit cacboxylic c cng thc tng qut l CnH2n + 2 2a m (COOH)m. Cc gi tr n, a, m ln lt c xc nh l A. n > 0, a 0, m 1. B. n 0, a 0, m 1. C. n > 0, a > 0, m > 1. D. n 0, a > 0, m 1. XEm li cu 1 Cu 21: A la axit no h, cng thc CxHyOz. Chi ra mi lin h ung A. y = 2x-z +2. B. y = 2x + z-2. C. y = 2x. D. y = 2x-z. CxHyOz hay CxHyO2(z/2) Ta c axit no h => Tng s pi = s nhm COOH = z/2 = (2x + 2 y) / 2 Cng thc tng pi y = 2x z + 2 => A Cu 22: A la axit cacboxylic mach h, cha no (1 ni i C=C), cng thc CxHyOz. Chi ra mi lin h ung A. y = 2x. B. y = 2x + 2-z. C. y = 2x-z. D. y = 2x + z-2. Tng t cu 21 Axit c 1 ni i => Tng pi = 1 + s nhm COOH = 1 + z/2 = (2x + 2 y) / 2 y = 2x z => C Cu 23: Axit khng no, n chc c mt lin kt i trong gc hirocacbon c cng thc ph hp l A. CnH2n+1-2kCOOH ( n 2). B. RCOOH. C. CnH2n-1COOH ( n 2). D. CnH2n+1COOH ( n 1). Xem chuyn 1 cch xc nh CT Cch 1 : CnH2n+2 2a m (CHc)m Axit c 1 lin kt i trong hidrocabon + n chc => a = 1 ; m = 1 CnH2n+2 2 1COOH hay CnH2n 1 COOH => C Cu 24: Axit cacboxylic A co cng thc n gian nht la C3H4O3. A co cng thc phn t l A. C3H4O3. B. C6H8O6. C. C18H24O18. D. C12H16O12. CTG : (C3H4O3)n hay C3nH4nO3n => Tng pi + vng = (2.3n + 2 4n)/2 = n + 1 V axit lun c dng CxHy(COOH)m hay s pi trong gc COOH = s Oxi / 2 Loi A v Oxi l ; B tha mn v tng pi = 3 = s gc COOH Loi C v c tng pi + vng = 7 # 9pi trong gc COOH Tng t Loi D v tng pi + vng = 5 # 6pi trong gc COOH Cu 25: CTGN ca mt axit hu c X l CHO. t chy 1 mol X thu c di 6 mol CO2. CTCT ca X l A. CH3COOH. B. CH2=CHCOOH. C. HOOCCH=CHCOOH. D.Kt qu khc. CTG (CHO)n => C tha mn Cng vi s C < 6 Cu 26: Mt axit no A c CTGN l C2H3O2. CTPT ca axit A l A. C6H9O6. B. C2H3O2. C. C4H6O4. D. C8H12O8. Bi 24 => (C2H3O2)n => Tng pi = (2.2n + 2 3n)/2 = n/2 + 1 = n V axit no => tng pi = s nhm COOH = s Oxi / 2 n = 2 => C Cu 27: C4H6O2 c s ng phn mch h thuc chc axit l A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. tt c u sai. C4H6O2 => s pi = (2.4 + 2 6)/2 = 2 => 1 pi trong gc hidrocacbon V c 1 pi trong gc COOH c 2 oxi => n chc => ng phn Nh ng phn hnh hc v c ni i trong hidrocacbon C = C C COOH ; C C = C COOH c p hnh hc C = C(C) COOH => Tng cng c 4 Cu 28: Axit cacboxylic n chc mach h phn nhanh (A) co % O (theo khi lng) la 37,2. Chi ra phat biu sai A. A lam mt mau dung dich brom. B. A la nguyn liu iu ch thuy tinh hu c. C. A co ng phn hinh hoc. D. A co hai lin trong phn t.
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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Axit n chc => 1 gc COOH => hay 2 Oxi %O = 16.2.100% / MAxit = 37,2 % => M Axit = 86 : C4H6O2 Kinh nghim thy 88 l C4H8O2 no => gim 2 H l 86 hay tng 1 pi trong gc hidroacbon Mu cht t phn nhnh => C = C(C) COOH C sai v khng c p hnh hc V R1 ging R2 l CH3 C lin kt pi trong mch hidrocacbon th c p cng Br2 Lm mt mu => A ng B ng iu ch (- CH3 (COOH)C(CH3) -)n Hc bi 1 SGK 12 nng cao hoc bi polime Cu 29: Axit hu c A c thnh phn nguyn t gm 40,68% C ; 54,24% O. trung ha 0,05 mol A cn 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M. CTCT ca A l A. HOOCCH2CH2COOH. B. HOOCCH(CH3)CH2COOH. C. HOOCCH2COOH. D. HOOCCOOH. 40,68% C ; 54,24% O => % H => CTG : (C2H3O2)n => CT : nOH / nAxit = m m l nhm COOH => m = 2 => Axit c 2 nhm COOH => n = 2 => A Mo : p n => c 2 nhm COOH hay 4 Oxi => n = 2 Cu 30: Hp cht CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH(C2H5)COOH c tn quc t l A. axit 2-etyl-5-metyl hexanoic. B. axit 2-etyl-5-metyl nonanoic. C. axit 5-etyl-2-metyl hexanoic. D. tn gi khc. C CC CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH(C2H5)COOH hay C C C C C COOH 6 5 4 3 2 1 => Axit 2 etyl 5 metyl hexanoic Xem cch c tn SGK Cu 31: Gim n la dung dich axit axetic co nng la A. 2% 5%. B. 59%. C. 912%. D. 1215%. http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ax%C3%ADt_axetic C th l t 2% => 6% Cu 32: Axit axetic tc dng c vi dung dch no ? A. natri etylat. B. amoni cacbonat. C. natri phenolat. D. C A, B, C. Axit axetic CH3COOH ; Natri etylat CH3COONa ; Amoni cacbonat (NH4)2CO3 ; Natri phenolat C6H5ONa Mnh khng nh p cho lm 4 (NH4)2CO3 + 9 CH3COOH => 8 (NH4)CH3COOH + 6 CO2 + 2 H2O CH3COOH + C6H5ONa => C6H5OH + CH3COONa => D A mnh khng r Nhng c th , A , B , C u mang tnh bazo v Axit axetic mang tnh axit => C p Cu 33: Trong dy ng ng ca cc axit n chc no, HCOOH l axit c mnh trung bnh, cn li l axit yu (in li khng hon ton). Dung dch axit axetic c nng 0,001 mol/l c pH l A. 3 < pH < 7. B. < 3. C. 3. D. 10-3 V CH3COOH l cht in li yu => in li < 1 in li () = n / no = CM / CMo < 1Vi n l s phn t phn li ra ion , no l tng s phn t ha tan hoc nng phn ly / nng ban u SGK 11 NC 8 CM < CMo CM < 0,001 => 3 < PH < 7 V l axit => PH < 7 v do log ca 0,001 = 3 => A c thm SGK 11 NC 8 hiu hn v PH Cu 34: in li ca 3 dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M ; CH3COOH 0,01M v HCl c sp xp theo th t tng dn l A. CH3COOH 0,01M < HCl < CH3COOH 0,1M. B. CH3COOH 0,01M < CH3COOH 0,1M < HCl. C. HCl < CH3COOH 0,1M < CH3COOH 0,01M. D. CH3COOH 0,1M < CH3COOH 0,01M < HCl. in li () = n / no = CM / CMo Vi n l s phn t phn li ra ion , no l tng s phn t ha tan SGK 11 NC 8 i vi cht in ly mnh => = 1 ; Cht in ly yu => < 1 HCL l cht in ly mnh => = 1 ; CH3COOH l cht in ly yu
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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Khi pha long => in ly ca cc cht in ly u tng => CM CH3COOH 0,01 < CM CH3COOH 0,1 => in li ca CH3COOH 0,01 > v long hn => D Cu 35: Th t sp xp theo s tng dn tnh axit ca CH3COOH ; C2H5OH ; CO2 v C6H5OH l A. C6H5OH < CO2 < CH3COOH < C2H5OH. B. CH3COOH < C6H5OH < CO2 < C2H5OH. C. C2H5OH < C6H5OH < CO2 < CH3COOH. D. C2H5OH < CH3COOH < C6H5OH < CO2. Tnh axit th hin H linh ng Mo nh p vi NaOH => C2H5OH khng phn ng vi NaOH => H linh ng nh nht CH3COOH va p vi NaOH , va p vi Na => H linh ng ln nht => C Thm C6H5OH p vi CO2 => Tnh axit ca C6H5OH < CO2 Cu 36: Cho 3 axit ClCH2COOH , BrCH2COOH, ICH2COOH, dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh axit l A. ClCH2COOH < ICH2COOH < BrCH2COOH. B. ClCH2COOH < BrCH2COOH < ICH2COOH. C. ICH2COOH < BrCH2COOH < ClCH2COOH. D. BrCH2COOH < ClCH2COOH < ICH2COOH. Xem thm chuyn tnh axit , bazo , nhit si => C ch vi Ancol V Axit : - Cc gc dy e (CH3,C2H5.) s lm tng nhit si do lin kt H bn hn VD : CH3COOH<C2H5COOH - Cc gc ht e (Phenyl,Cl-,I-..) s lm gim nhit si do lin kt H km bn hn ( ht e gim dn theo th t F>Cl>Br>I , gc ht cng mnh cng lm gim nhit si v cng xa nhm chc th lc tng tc li cng yu i ) D/ ch vi cc hp cht thm c cha nhm chc OH ,-COOH ,-NH2 - Nhm th loi 1 ( ch cha cc lin kt sigma nh :CHkhc , C3H7 ) c tc dng y e vo nhn thm lm lin kt H trong ch km bn hn nn lm tng nhit si . - Nhm th loi 2 ( cha lin kt pi nh NO2 ,C2H4 ) c tc dng ht e ca nhn thm lm lin kt H trong chc km bn i nn lm gim nhit si . - Nhm th loi 3 ( cc halogen : -Br ,-Cl ,-F ,-I ..) c tc dng y e tng t nh nhm th loi 1. Cu 37: Gi tr pH ca cc axit CH3COOH, HCl, H2SO4 c sp xp theo th t tng dn l A. H2SO4, CH3COOH, HCl. B. CH3COOH, HCl , H2SO4. C. H2SO4, HCl, CH3COOH. D. HCl, CH3COOH, H2SO4. PH ca axit : [H+] > 10-7 = 10-a PH = a => [H+] cng ln th tnh axit cng nh SGK 11 NC 18 Gi s CM ca c 3 cht bng nhau = x CM V H2SO4 , HCl l cht in ly mnh => = 1 => Phn ly ht hay CM phn li = CM ban u CH3COOH l cht in li yu => < 1 => CM phn li < CM ban u H2SO4 => 2H(+) + SO4(2-) X 2X HCl => H(+) + Cl(-) X X CH3COOH => H(+) + CH3COO(-) <X <X T 3 PT trn => H2SO4 > HCL > CH3COOH Nng H+ trong axit => PH tng dn ngc li : H2SO4 < HCL < CH3COOH Cu 38: Trong cc phn ng este ha gia ancol v axit hu c th cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi ta A. dng cht ho nc tch nc. B. chng ct ngay tch este ra. C. cho ancol d hoc axit d. D. tt c u ng. SGK 12 NC Bi 1 Phn cui cng Cu 39: t chay hoan toan hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic c mol CO2 = mol H2O. X gm A. 1 axit n chc, 1 axit a chc. B. 1 axit no, 1 axit cha no. C. 2 axit n chc no mach vong D. 2 axit no, mch h n chc.
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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

nCO2 = nH2O => Axit c tng pi + vng = 1 Xem chuyn 1. => D ng v gc COOH cha 1 pi ri A sai v axit a chc, B sai v axit cha no, C sai v mch vng Cu 40: trung hoa 0,2 mol hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic cn 0,3 mol NaOH. X gm co A. 2 axit cung day ng ng. B. 1 axit n chc, 1 axit hai chc. C. 2 axit a chc. D. 1 axit n chc, 1 axit a chc. Ta lun c CT : x = nNaOH / nX Vi x l s gc COOH , X l cht cha gc COOH m rng thm vi este Theo bi => Loi A v C V khng nht thit cn ng ng ch cn s gc COOH, a chc sai v theo CT trn => x 2 m thc t nNaOH / nX = 1,5 Mo x = 1,5 x trung bnh => x = 1 v x > 1,5 => D ng B cng ng nhng khng tng qut Cch # : Gi a, b ln lt l s nhm COOH ca 2 axit ; x , y l s mol ca tng axit n hn hp 2 axit = x + y = 0,2 n NaOH = a.x + b.y = 0,3 T 2 PT trn tr v ta c x ( a-1) + (b-1)y = 0,1 Theo bi a hoc b = 1 v c 1 axit n chc hoc da vo x = 1,5 => chc chn c x = 1 => (b-1)y = 0,1 => b > 1 m b nguyn => b = 2 , 3 , 4 . Hay a chc Cu 41: t chay hoan toan axit cacboxylic A bng lng va u oxi c hn hp (khi va hi) co ti khi so vi H2 la 15,5. A la axit A. n chc no, mch h B. n chc co 1 ni i (C = C), mch h. C. a chc no, mch h. D. axit no,mch h, hai chc, V p va => sau p to ra CO2 v H2O Gi x , y ln lt l s mol CO2 v H2O => M = (44x + 18y)/(x+y) = 31 x = y Axit cha 1 lin kt pi => A 1 pi trong gc COOH B , C , D u c s pi > 1 Thc cht c th tinh , S khc bit gia A vi B, C , D la chn Cu 42: t chy ht 1 th tch hi axit A thu c 2 th tch CO2 o cng iu kin, A l A. HCOOH. B. HOOCCOOH. C. CH3COOH.D. B v C ng. x = nCO2 / nX x l s C trong X , => x = 2 => B, C u cha 2 C => D ng Cu 43: C th iu ch CH3COOH t A. CH3CHO. B. C2H5OH. C. CH3CCl3. D. Tt c u ng. SGK 11 NC 255 ; A CH3CHO + 1/2O2 => CH3COOH C2H5OH + O2 => CH3COOH + H2O Ch p n C rt hay Da vo iu kin h bin ca ru khi c 3 gc OH gn vo 1 C Xem li bi ging trn mng hoc t l thuyt chuyn 5:

CH3CCl3 + NaOH => CH3C(OH)3 + NaCl ; CH3C(OH3) => CH3COOH + H2O Tch H2O Cu 44: Cho cc cht : CaC2 (I), CH3CHO (II), CH3COOH (III), C2H2 (IV). S chuyn ha ng iu ch axit axetic l A. I IV II III. B. IV I II III. C. I II IV III. D. II I IV III. C CaC2 => iu ch C2H2 Xem chuyn 3 hidroacbon khng no T I => IV => A v D ng Ta thy t IV : C2H2 + H2O => III (CH3CHO) iu kin h bin ca ru P bi ankin => A Hoc Thc cht t II khng th to ra I => Loi D => A
-7-

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Cu 45: Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra axit axetic l A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H5COOCH3. B. CH3CHO, C6H12O6 (glucoz), CH3OH. C. CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO. D. C2H4(OH)2, CH3OH, CH3CHO. Xem SGK 11NC 255 c c 3 p p n C : Xem cu 43 c 2 p Thm CH3OH + CO => CH3COOH A sai v C2H5COOCH3 ch iu ch ra C2H5COOH B sai v c glucozo iu ch ra C2H5OH ri mi ra CH3COOH D sai v C2H4(OH)2 Cu 46: Cho s chuyn ha : CH3CH2Cl + KCN X (1); X + H3O+ (un nng) Y(2) Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l A. CH3CH2NH2, CH3CH2COOH. B. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2CHO. C. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2COOH. D. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2COONH4. H 2009 Phn nng cao C ng: P : CH3CH2Cl + KCN => CH3CH2CN + KCl Tng tng gc CN nh gc OH CH3CH2CN => CH3CH2COOH Mnh khng hiu phn ny mi ngi c th seach trn mng thm M . Thy B , C , D u c CH3CH2CN => Loi A Thy A sai c CH3CH2COOH Thng tc gi cho vy => Cc p n no c thng l ng => C Ch mang tnh cht tham kho nu khng lm c nu sai mnh khng chu trch nghim hi Cu 47: Cht c nhit si cao nht l A. CH3CHO. B. C2H5OH. C. CH3COOH. D. C2H6. H linh ng cng cao th nhit si cng ln Xem phn tnh axit, bazo , nhit si => CH3COOH > C2H5OH > CH3CHO > C2H6 => C : CH3COOH c nhit si cao nht Cu 48: Nhit si ca mi cht tng ng trong dy cc cht sau y, dy no hp l nht ? C2H5OH HCOOH CH3COOH A. 118,2oC 78,3oC 100,5oC B. 118,2oC 100,5oC 78,3oC o o C. 100,5 C 78,3 C 118,2oC D. 78,3oC 100,5oC 118,2oC Cu 47 + Cng dy ng ng mch cng di th nhit si cng ln => CH3COOH > HCOOH > C2H5OH => D tha mn Cu 49: Chi ra th t tng dn nhit si ca cc cht ? A. CH3CHO; C2H5OH ; CH3COOH. C. C2H5OH ; CH3COOH ; CH3CHO. B. CH3CHO ;CH3COOH ; C2H5OH. D. CH3COOH ; C2H5OH ; CH3CHO. Cu 47 => A Cu 50: Nhit si ca cc cht c sp xp theo th t tng dn l A. CH3OH < CH3CH2COOH < NH3 < HCl. B. C2H5Cl < CH3COOH < C2H5OH. C. C2H5Cl < CH3COOCH3 < C2H5OH < CH3COOH. D. HCOOH < CH3OH < CH3COOH < C2H5F. A sai v NH3 mang tnh cht bazo khng c H linh ng => Nhit si thp nht B sai v C2H5OH < CH3COOH D sai v CH3OH < HCOOH ngoi ra C2H5F nh nht => C ng Axit > ru > este > dn xut. Cu 51: Cho cac cht CH3CH2COOH (X) ; CH3COOH ( Y) ; C2H5OH ( Z) ; CH3OCH3 (T). Day gm cac cht c sp xp tng dn theo nhit si la A. T, X, Y, Z. B. T, Z, Y, X. C. Z, T, Y, X. D. Y, T, Z, X. X > Y > Z > T => B Mch cng di => nhit cng ln => X > Y , H linh ng cng ln nht nhit cng ln => Z > T Da vo kh nng p vi NaOH , Na xc nh tnh linh ng => T khng c p => T yu nht v X ln nht => B Cu 52: Nhit si ca ancol etylic (I), anehit axetic (II), axit axetic (III) v axit propionic (IV) sp xp theo th t gim dn l
-8-

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

A. IV > I > III > II. B. IV > III > I > II. C. II > III > I > IV. D. I > II > III > IV. IV > III > I > II hay CH3CH2COOH > CH3COOH > C2H5OH > CH3CHO => B CH3CHO khng p vi NaOH , Na => yu nht , CH3CH2COOH mch di hn CH3COOH => tnh axit ln hn , Axit va p vi NaOH , Na , cn ru ch p vi Na => Tnh axit yu hn Cu 53: A la ancol n chc no h, B la axit cacboxylic no h n chc. Bit MA=MB. Phat biu ung l A. A, B la ng phn B. A, B co cung s cacbon trong phn t. C. A hn B mt nguyn t cacbon. D. B hn A mt nguyn t cacbon. Ancol n chc no h => CnH2n+1OH hay CnH2n+2O Axit cacboxylic no h n chc => CmH2m+1COOH hay CmH2mO2Tng qut => MA = MB 14n + 18 = 14m + 32 14n = 14m + 14 n = m + 1 => C Cu 54: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cng CTPT C 3H4O2. X tc dng vi CaCO3 to ra CO2. Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to Ag. CTCT thu gn ph hp ca X, Y ln lt l A. HCOOCH=CH2, CH3COOCH3. B. CH3CH2COOH, HCOOCH2CH3. C. HCOOCH=CH2, CH3 CH2COOH. D. CH2=CHCOOH, HOCCH2CHO. X p vi CaCO3 => CO2 => X l axit tnh cht ha hc ca axit => C gc COOH Y p vi AgNO3/NH3 to ra Ag => Y c gc CHO tnh cht ca andehit => D ng A sai v HCOOCH=CH2,CH3COOCH3 u l este gc COO B sai v HCOOCH2CH3 l este C sai v HCOOCH=CH2 l este , CH3CH2COOH l axit Y CH OH Cu 55: Cho chui phn ng : C2H6O X axit axetic + Y. CTCT ca X, Y ln lt l A. CH3CHO, CH3CH2COOH. B. CH3CHO, CH3COOCH3. C. CH3CHO, CH2(OH)CH2CHO. D. CH3CHO, HCOOCH2CH3. C2H6O l ru C2H5OH + CuO => XCH3CHO cc p n u c CH3CHO + 1/2O2 => CH3COOH Axit axetic CH3COOH + CH3OH => CH3COOCH3 este p este ha => B Cu 56: Cho s phn ng sau : , xt HO butin-1,4-iol H CH CH 2HCHO Y - Z Y v Z ln lt l A. HOCH2CH2CH2CH3 ; CH2=CHCH=CH2. B. HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH ; CH2=CHCH2CH3. C. HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH ; CH2=CHCH = CH2. D. HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH ; CH3CH2CH2CH3. Butin 1,4 iol : OH - CH2 C C CH2 - OH + H2 => OH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH Y Tch nc Ru tch nc to ra ni i xem chuyn ru, dn xut, phenol => CH = CH CH=CH => C Cu 57: Cho s chuyn ha sau: , as C CuO D O Hirocacbon A Br B NaOH , Mn HOOCCH2COOH. Vy A l
3 2 2 2
2 2+

A. B. C3H8. C. CH2=CHCH3. D. CH2=CHCOOH. P D => HOOC - CH2 - COOH xc tc O2,Mn2+ => D l andehit Cng 1 Oxi vo gc CHO to ra COOH D : OHC- CH2- CHO C + CuO => D => C l ru c OH gn vi C bc I C l OH CH2 CH2 CH2 OH B + NaOH => C => B c 2 halogen 2 u => C : Br CH2 CH2 CH2 Br A + Br2 as to ra Br 2 u ch c duy nht xiclopropan p n A p ph vng ca vng 3 cnh A Cu 58: Cho chui phn ng sau , Ni , as O , Cu /H O C3H6 H B4 . Vy B4 l B1 Cl B2 (spc) OH B3
2 2
2

-9-

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

A. CH3COCH3. B. A v C ng. C. CH3CH2CHO. D. CH3CHOHCH3. C3H6 + H2 => B1: C3H8 + Cl2as =>B2: CH3 CH(Cl) CH3 sn phm chnh + OH- Th OH- thay Halogen => B3 : CH3 CH(OH) CH3 + CuO O2+Cu=>CuO => CH3COCH3 ru bc 2 p vi CuO => xeton => A Cu 59: Xt cc chui bin ha sau: Ni - H 2 O, - H 2 , xt a. A H , B C cao su Buna. CTCT ca A l A. OHCCH2CH2CHO. B. CH3CHO. C. OHC(CH2)2CH2OH. D. A, B, C u ng. Caosubuna (-CH CH=CH CH )n => C l CH2 = CH CH = CH2 B p => C m (-H2O H2) Nh p 2C2H5OH => C4H6 + H2 + 2H2O => B l C2H5OH Xem cu 37 chuyn 3 phn ankin , tecpen , ankandien => A l CH3CHO A + H2 => B A sai v => OH CH2 CH2 OH C sai v to ra OH C(CH2)2 CH2 OH Ni b. A H , B C cao su Buna. CTCT ca A l A. OHCCH2CH2CHO. B. CH3CHO. C. HOC(CH2)2CH2OH. D. A, B, C u ng. C l CH2=CH CH =CH2 Theo cu A => B.CH3CHO tha mn Theo p n A , OHC CH2 CH2 CHO => B l OH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH P tch H2O => CH2=CH CH = CH2 => A tha mn Tng t C HOC (CH2)2CH2OH => B ; OH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 - OH tch H2O . => D ng Cu 60: Cho s chuyn ha sau : , as O , Cu /H O C2H6 Br A OH B C O , Mn D. Vy D l A. CH3CH2OH. B. CH3CHO. C. CH3COCH3. D. CH3COOH. C2H6 + Br2 as => A: CH3 CH2Br + NaOH => B:CH3 CH2 OH OH- /H2O tc l p vi OH- CH3 CH2 OH + CuO => CH3 CHO O2,Cu => CuO CH3 CHO + 1/2O2 Mn2+ => CH3COOH => D Cu 61: Cho s chuyn ha sau Br2 , NaOH A2 CuO A3 Cu(OH) C2H4 SO A5. A4 H A1 NaOH Chn cu tr li sai A. A5 c CTCT l HOOCCOOH. B. A4 l mtianehit. C. A2 l mt iol. D. A5 l mt iaxit. CH2 = CH2 + Br2 => A1: BrCH2 CH2Br + NaOH => A2: OH CH2 CH2 OH + CuO => A3: OHC CHO + 4Cu(OH)2 + 2NaOH => A4 : (COONa)2 + 2Cu2O + 6H2O ci ny nng cao cht c thm trong sch chui p ha hc Tng qut thm : R(CHO)x + 2xCu(OH)2 + xNaOH => R(COONa)x + xCu2Okt ta gch + 3xH2O + H2SO4 => A5 (COOH)2 + Na2SO4 cu ny rt hay c th ly lm thi H A5 l HOOCCOOH => A ng B sai v A4: (COONa)2 : Natri oxalat C ng v A2 l OH CH2 CH2 OH l mt i ol 2 gc OH D ng v A5 l mt i axit c 2 gc COOH => B hi p n sai Cu 62: Cho chui bin ha sau :
2 2 2
2

2+

a. Cht A c th l A. natri etylat.

B. anehit axetic.
- 10 -

C. etyl axetat.

D. A, B, C u ng.

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Xt A .Natri etylat : CH3 - CH2ONa tha mn C2H5OH + Na => C2H5ONa V CH3 CH2 ONa + HCl => CH3CH2OH + NaCl Xt B.CH3CHO tha mn C2H5OH + CuO => CH3CHO v CH3CHO + H2 => C2H5OH => D Thm C. CH3COOC2H5 tha mn C2H5OH + CH3COOH => CH3COOC2H5 V CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH => CH3COONa + C2H5OH b. Cht B c th l A. etilen. B. tinh bt. C. glucoz. D. A, B, C u sai. C2H5OH khng th iu ch c tinh bt, glucozo => A A.CH2=CH2 tha mn v C2H5OH => C2H4 + H2O Tch H2O C2H4 + H2O => C2H5OH c. Cht C c th l A. etanal. B. axetilen. C. etylbromua. D. A, C u ng. Xt A.CH3CHO tha mn v C2H5OH + CuO v CH3CHO + H2 V p n c p n D Xt C.C2H5Br tha mn C2H5OH + HBr => C2H5Br + H2O C2H5Br + NaOH => C2H5OH + NaBr => D Cu 63: Mt hp cht c thnh phn l 40% C ; 6,7% H v 53,3% O. Hp cht c CTGN l A. C6H8O. B. C2H4O. C. CH2O. D. C3H6O. x : y : z = %C / 12 : %H/1 : %O / 16 => C Cu 64: Pht biu ng l A. Axit cha no khi chy lun cho s mol CO2 ln hn s mol H2O. B. anehit tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni) lun to ancol bc nht. C. anehit va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ha. D. A, B, C u ng. Xt A. Axit : CnH2n+2 2a Oz Cng thc tng qut xem chuyn 1 cch xc nh V axit cha no => a 2 v axit lun c t nht 1 gc COOH => lun c t nht 1 pi Ta c nCO2 / nH2O = 2 s C / s H BT nguyn t C, H = 2n / (2n + 2 2a) = n / (n + 2 2a V a 2 => n + 2 2a < n => nCO2 / nH2O > 1 hay nCO2 > nH2O => A ng Mo ch c axit cha no n chc l nCO2 = nH2O v cha 1 pi Xt B . Lun ng v gc R CHO + H2 => R CH2 OH C. ng v p + H2 => Th hin tnh oxi ha v H2 th hin tnh kh t 2H0 2e => 2H+ P vi AgNO3/NH3 => Th hin tnh kh v AgNO3 th hin tnh oxi ha t Ag+ + e => Ag0 Hoc xc nh da vo cch tnh s oxi ha ca cht hu c => D Cu 65: Cho cc cht sau : (1) CH2=CHCH2OH ; (2) CH3CH2CHO ; (3) CH3COCH3. Pht biu ng l A. 1, 2, 3 l cc ng phn. B. 3 tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni) to 1 ancol bc 2. C. 1, 2 tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni) u to ra 1 ancol. D. A, B, C u ng. Nhn thy 1,2,3 u c cng CT C3H6O v u l 3 cht khc nhau : 1 ru , 2 andehit , 3 xeton A ng :ng phn Xeton + H2 => ru bc II => B ng Andehit + H2 => ru bc I 1 + H2 p ch hidroacbon => C3H7OH 2 + H2 p gc CHO => C3H7OH => C ng Cng vo ni i => D Cu 66: Cho 4 hp cht c CTPT l M : C3H6O ; N : C3H6O2 ; P : C3H4O ; Q : C3H4O2. Bit : M v P cho phn ng trng gng ; N v Q phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH ; Q phn ng vi H 2 to thnh N ; oxi ha P thu c Q. a. M v P theo th t l A. C2H5COOH ; CH2=CHCOOH. B. C2H5CHO ; CH2=CHCHO. C. CH2=CHCOOH ; C2H5COOH . D. CH2=CHCHO ; C2H5CHO. M,P cho p trng gng Tnh cht ca andehit=> M , P u cha gc CHO => B
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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

b. N v Q theo th t l A. C2H5COOH ; CH2 = CHCOOH. B. CH2=CHCOOH ; C2H5COOH. C. C2H5CHO ; CH2=CHCHO. D. CH2=CHCHO ; C2H5CHO. N v Q p vi NaOH , Q p vi H2 to thnh N , oxi ha P thu c Q N v Q p vi NaOH => ci ny thc cht ch loi c p n C v D v andehit khng p Nu cho este th cng ng Q + H2 to ra N => Q cha lin kt pi trong hidroacbon => A tha mn Cch khc: T a => P : CH2=CHCHO + 1/2O2 => CH2=CHCOOH Q v oxi ha thu c Q => A Cu 67: Cho cc cht sau: (1) CH2=CHCH2OH ; (2) HOCCH2CHO ; (3) HCOOCH=CH2. Pht biu ng l A. 1, 2, 3 tc dng c vi Na. B. Trong A, B, C c 2 cht cho phn ng trng gng. C. 1, 2, 3 l cc ng phn. D. 1, 2, 3 chy u cho s mol H2O b hn s mol CO2. Este khng p vi Na => 3 sai : HCOOCH=CH2 gc COO l este => Loi A B ng v 2 v 3 u cha gc CHO : c bit cht 3 nh gc HCOO R cng l gc CHO C sai v thy ngay khc nhau (1) v (2) . 1 c 1 oxi , 2 c 2 oxi D sai v cc cht u c 1pi => nCO2 = nH2O Cu 68: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C 3H6O2. C X v Y u tc dng vi Na ; X tc dng c vi NaHCO3 cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l A. C2H5COOH v HCOOC2H5. B. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2OCH3. C. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2CH2CHO. D. C2H5COOH v CH3CH(OH)CHO. H: X , Y u c p vi Na => Loi A, B , C => D ng V A, B , C u cha HCOOC2H5 l este Phn tch thm: Cht p vi Na => Cht cha gc OH hoc COOH hoc cha c 2 Xem phn ng phn P vi NaHCO3 => Cht cha gc COOH P trang bc => Cht cha CHO c bit ch p vi AgNO3/NH3 => Thm c thng ankin 1 na nha H 1 nm c ri Cu 69: Cho dy cc cht : HCHO, CH3COOH, HCOONa, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 68 cht cha gc CHO l c p trng gng => HCHO , HCOONa , HCOOH , HCOOCH3 => 4 => C Cu 70: Cho cc cht sau : phenol, etanol, axit axetic, natri phenolat, natri hiroxit. S cp cht tc dng c vi nhau l A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1. Phenol :C6H5OH . etanol C2H5OH , axit axetic CH3COOH Natri phenolat C6H5ONa Natrihidroxit NaOH P : C2H5OH + CH3COOH <=> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O CH3COOH + NaOH => CH3COONa + H2O C6H5OH + NaOH => C6H5ONa + H2O CH3COOH + C6H5ONa => C6H5OH + CH3COONa => Tng = 4 => A Cu 71: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kh nng phn ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na2CO3. X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l A. CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3. B. (CH3)2CHOH, HCOOCH3. C. HCOOCH3, CH3COOH. D. CH3COOH, HCOOCH3. X1 p vi Na,NaOH , Na2CO3 => X1 l axit X2 p vi NaOH nhng khng p vi Na => X2 l este => D tha mn A sai v CH3COOCH3 c M = 74 ; B sai v (CH3)2CHOH l ru C sai v HCOOCH3 l este hay X 1 l este , X2 l axit ngc vi D
- 12 -

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Cu 72: Cho tt c cc ng phn mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt tc dng vi : Na, NaOH, NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra l A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. Ln lt tc dng nh C2H4O2 => tnh ra k = 1 s pi v mch h ng phn l axit , este , tp chc Axit : CH3COOH + Na,NaOH , NaHCO3 tnh cht ca axit Este : HCOOCH3 + NaOH tnh cht ca este Tp chc OH CH2 CHO + Na Tnh cht ca ru => Tng = 5 p => B Cu 73: Cho cc cht sau : CH3CH2CHO (1) ; CH2=CHCHO (2) ; CHCCHO (3) ; CH2=CHCH2OH (4) ; (CH3)2CHOH (5). Nhng cht phn ng hon ton vi lng d H2 (Ni, to) cng to ra mt sn phm l A. (2), (3), (4), (5). B. (1), (2), (4), (5). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (2), (3), (4). 1,2,3,4 u p vo lin kt pi => u to ra ru C3H7OH => D 5 khng c p vi H2 v khng c lin kt pi Cu 74: Cho cc hp cht hu c : C2H4 ; C2H2 ; CH2O ; CH2O2 (mch h); C3H4O2 (mch h, n chc). Bit C3H4O2 khng lm chuyn mu qu tm m. a. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra Ag l A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5. P AgNO3/NH3 to ra Ag => Ch c cht cha gc CHO CH2O ; HCHO => c gc CHO CH2O2 (mch h) ; HCOOH => c gc CHO C3H4O2 mch h , n chc + khng lm qu i => este m ta c k = 2 2 lin kt pi => cht c dng HCOOCH=CH2 khng th l CH2=CHCOOH v l axit i mu => c gc CHO => Tng = 3 => C b. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra kt ta l A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5. P AgNO3/NH3 to ra kt ta => Thm c ankin na => C2H2 c p to ra kt ta AgCCAg => Tng = 4 => B Cu 75: Co th phn bit 3 lo mt nhan cha: HCOOH ; CH 3COOH ; C2H5OH vi hoa cht nao di y ? A. dd AgNO3/NH3. B. NaOH. C. Na. D. Cu(OH)2/OH-. A. AgNO3/NH3 => Ch nhn bit c HCOOH B. NaOH ch nhn bit C2H5OH v khng p cn 2 axit p C. C 3 cht u p => khng nhn bit c => D dng D. Cu(OH)2/OH . Thc cht l Cu(OH)2 v NaOH OH- th hin mi trng kim HCOOH c gc CHO => P : HCOOH + Cu(OH)2 + NaOH => Na2CO3 + Cu2O kt ta gch + H2O Va c p vi NaOH , Cu(OH)2 nu khng un nng CH3COOH ch p bnh thng + Cu(OH)2 => CH3COOCu + H2O v p vi NaOH C2H5OH khng p Cu 76: Chi dung thuc th nao di y co th phn bit 4 lo mt nhan cha : fomon ; axit fomic ; axit axetic ; ancol etylic ? A. dd AgNO3/NH3. B. CuO. C. Cu(OH)2/OH-. D. NaOH. Fomon: HCHO , axit fomic : HCOOOH , Axit axetic : CH3COOH , ancol etylic : C2H5OH AgNO3/NH3 => HCHO v HCOOH p v 2 cht cn li ko p => khng nhn bit c CuO => Ru p v 2 axi p => khng nhn bit c Cu(OH)2/OH- => HCHO p to ra kt ta gch Cu2O khi un nng HCOOH va p to kt ta gch khi un nng + va p vi Cu(OH)2, NaOH khi khng un nng CH3COOH p bnh thng vi Cu(OH)2 v NaOH Cn li C2H5OH khng p Cu 77: Chi dung thuc th nao di y co th phn bit 4 lo mt nhan cha : etylen glicol ; axit fomic ; fomon ; ancol etylic ? A. dd AgNO3/NH3 B. CuO. C. Cu(OH)2/OH-. D. NaOH. C. Cu(OH)2/ OH=> Nhng dng bi c HCHO v HCOOH th chn C
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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Phn tch bi trn: Etylen glicol : OH CH2-CH2 OH Tng t bi 76 => thm etylen glicol c 2 nhm OH lin k => p vi Cu(OH)2 to ra dung dch xanh lam Axit fomic v fomon nhn bit c Cn li C2H5OH Cu 78: Chi dung quy tim va nc brom co th phn bit c nhng cht no sau y ? A. axit fomic ; axit axetic ; axit acrylic ; axit propionic. B. Axit axetic; axit acrylic; anilin; toluen; axit fomic. C. Ancol etylic; ancol metylic; axit axetic; axit propionic. D. Ancol etylic; ancol metylic ; phenol ; anilin. Axit acrylic : CH2 = CHCOOH Xt p n A => Qu chng nhn bit c g v cc cht u l axit => qu chuyn tr axit fomic HCOOH lm qu chuyn mu nht Br2 ch nht bit c Axit acrylic : CH2 = CHCOOH v lm mt mu Br2 cng vo ni i hidroacbon Xt B. Qu => 2 axit => chuyn v axit fomic nht, anilin :C6H5-NH2 v toluen: C7H8 khng lm qu i mu Cho dung dch Br2 => Axit acrylic mt mu => axit cn li l Axit axetic C6H5NH2 to ra kt ta trng Xem bi amin lp 12 n tng t nh Phenol ch cn thay gc OH thnh NH2 Cn li C7H8 khng p Ankyl benzen khng lm i my qu B ng Tng t C , D Cu 79: phn bit 3 mu ha cht ring bit : phenol, axit acrylic, axit axetic bng mt thuc th, ngi ta dng thuc th A. dung dch Na2CO3. B. CaCO3. C. dung dch Br2. D. dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Dung dch Br2 => Phenol kt ta trng , axit acrylic lm mt mu , cn li axit axetic khng p => C Cu 80: phn bit axit propionic v axit acrylic ta dng A. dung dch Na2CO3. B. dung dch Br2. C. dung dch C2H5OH. D. dung dch NaOH. Dung dch Br2 => Axit acrylic lm mt mu => C Cu 81: C th phn bit CH3CHO v C2H5OH bng phn ng vi A. Na. B. Cu(OH)2/NaOH. C. AgNO3/NH3. D. Tt c u ng. Na th c C2H5OH p to ra kh H2 Cu(OH)2/NaOH => CH3CHO to ra kt ta gch Cu2O AgNO3/NH3 => CH3CHO to ra kt ta Ag => D Cu 82: phn bit 3 dung dch ring bit : axit axetic, axit acrylic, axit fomic ngi ta dng theo th t cc thuc th sau A. dung dch Br2/CCl4. B. dung dch Br2/H2O. C. dung dch Na2CO3. D. dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d. Cu 83: phn bit HCOOH v CH3COOH ta dng A. Na. B. AgNO3/NH3. C. CaCO3. D. NaOH. HCOOH c gc CHO => p trng gng => B Cu 84: Trng gng hon ton hp cht hu c X bng AgNO 3/NH3 thu c hn hp sn phm ch gm cc cht v c. X c cu to A. HCHO. B. HCOONH4.C. HCOOH. D. Tt c u ng. P AgNO3/NH3 => cc cht v c => X cha CHO => A , B , C u ng => D C ch p : RCHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O => RCOONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag Cu 85: C th phn bit HCOOCH3 v CH3COOH bng A. AgNO3/NH3 B. CaCO3. C. Na. D. Tt c u ng. HCOOCH3 c gc CHO => p AgNO3 / NH3 => kt ta Ag cn li axit CH3COOH khng p CH3COOH c gc COOH => p vi CaCO3 v Na u sinh ra kh cn li l HCOOCH3 este ko p => D Cu 86: Cht to c kt ta gch khi un nng vi Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH l
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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

A. HCHO. B. HCOOCH3. C. HCOOH. D. Tt c u ng. C c gc CHO l p vi Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH khi un nng to ra Cu2O kt ta gch => D Cu 87: Ch dng 1 ha cht no sau y phn bit cc dung dch : ancol etylic, glixerol, fomalin ? A. Cu(OH)2 /OH-, toC. B. Na. C. AgNO3 / NH3. D. A, B, C u ng. A ng v glixerol to ra dung dch mu xanh V c cc nhm OH lin k Fomanlin HCHO p to ra kt ta gch Cu2O cn li l C2H5OH ancol etylic => A Cu 88: Hiro hoa hoan toan 2,9 gam mt anehit A c 3,1 gam ancol. A co cng thc phn t la A. CH2O. B. C2H4O. C. C3H6O. D. C2H2O2. Theo P : andehit + H2 => Rou c th: R(CHO)n + nH2 => R(CH2-OH)n => BT khi lng => mH2 = 0,2 g => nAndehit = nH2 / n = 0,1/n => M andehit = 29n => Ph hp n = 2 => C2H2O2 n=1 khng ph hp v M = 29 ko c cht no Cu 89: Th tch H2 (0oC v 2 atm) va tc dng vi 11,2 gam anehit acrylic l A. 4,48 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 0,336 lt. Andehit acrylic : CH2 = CH CHO M = 56=> n andehit = 0,2 mol Theo CT bi trn => nandehit = nH2 / 2 nH2 = 0,4 mol Theo CT : n = P.V / (T.0,082) 0,4 = 2.V / (273.0,082) V = 4,48 lt => A Cu 90: Cho 14,6 gam hn hp 2 anehit n chc, no lin tip tc dng ht vi H 2 to 15,2 gam hn hp 2 ancol. a. Tng s mol 2 ancol l A. 0,2 mol. B. 0,4 mol. C. 0,3 mol. D. 0,5 mol. Andehit n chc, no => x = 1 1 pi trong gc CHO => nAncol = nH2 = (mAncol mAndehit)/2 = 0,3 mol => C b. Khi lng anehit c KLPT ln hn l A. 6 gam. B. 10,44 gam. C. 5,8 gam. D. 8,8 gam. nAndehit = nH2 = 0,3 mol ; Andehit no n chc => CT : CnH2nO n trung bnh M = 14n + 16 = 14,6 / 0,3 n = 2,33 => andehit l : CH3CHO v C2H5CHO Ta c x + y = 0,3 ; 2x + 3y = 2,33.0,3 x , y ln lt l s mol 2 cht v Cng thc n trung bnh = (a.x + by)/(x+y) Vi a , b ln lt l s C => y = 0,1 => m C2H5CHO = 5,8 g Cu 91: Cho 7 gam cht A c CTPT C4H6O tc dng vi H2 d c xc tc to thnh 5,92 gam ancol isobutylic. a. Tn ca A l A. 2-metyl propenal. B. 2-metylpropanal. C. but-2-en-1-ol. D. but-2-en-1-al. Ancol isobytylic : CH3 C(CH3) CH2 OH V C4H6O c k =2 v p vi H2 d => A l andehit c 1 lin kt pi trong gc hidroacbon P vi H2 khng lm thay i mch C => A : C = C(C) C OH khng th l C C(C) = C OH v OH khng gn vi C khng no 2 metyl propenal => A B sai v khng cha pi trong hidrocacbon . C , D sai v khc mch b. Hiu sut ca phn ng l A. 85%. B. 75%. C. 60%. D. 80%. Ta c nAndehit = 0,1 mol ; n Ru = 0,08 mol => nAndehit p = n Ru = 0,08 mol => H% = npu / n ban u = 0,08.100%/0,1 = 80% Cu 92: Oxi ha 1,76 gam mt anehit n chc c 2,4 gam mt axit tng ng. Anehit l A. anehit acrylic. B. anehit axetic. C. anehit propionic. D. anehit fomic. Andehit + O => Axit => nAndehit = nO = (m Axit m andehit)/16 = 0,04 mol => M andehit = 44 => CH3CHO => Andehit axetic => B Cu 93: Oxi hoa 17,4 gam mt anehit n chc c 16,65 gam axit tng ng (H = 75%). Anehit co cng thc phn t la A. CH2O. B. C2H4O. C. C3H6O. D. C3H4O. m andehit p = 17,4.75% = 13,05 g nAndehit p = nO = (mAxit mAndehit p)/16 = (16,65 13,05)/16 = 0,225 mol => M andehit = 13,05/0,225 = 58 => Andehit : C3H6O
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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Cu 94: t chy a mol mt anehit A thu c a mol CO2. Anehit ny c th l A. CH3CHO. B. HCHO. C. C2H5CHO. D. A, B, C u ng. x = nCO2 / nX x l s C ca cht X : => x = 1 => B Cu 95: t chy hon ton 1,46 gam hn hp 2 anehit no, n chc ng ng k tip thu c 1,568 lt CO2 (ktc). a. CTPT ca 2 anehit l A. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO. B. HCHO v CH3CHO. C. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO. D. Kt qu khc. Andehit n chc => CnH2nO n trung bnh nCnH2nO = nCO2 / n = 0,07 / n => M CnH2nO = 14n + 16 = 1,46 /(0,07/n) n = 2,33 => A v lin tip b. Khi lng gam ca mi anehit l A. 0,539 v 0,921. B. 0,88 v 0,58. C. 0,44 v 1,01. D. 0,66 v 0,8. Mo thy p n B chia p nht :CH3CHO = 0,2 mol ; nC2H5CHO = 0,1 mol Cch 2 : x , y l mol CH3CHO v C2H5CHO m hn hp = 44x + 58y = 1,46 ; BTNTC : 2x + 3y = nCO2 = 0,07 => x = 0,2 . y = 0,1 Cch 3 : n trung bnh = (2x + 3y)/(x+y) v 44x + 58y = 1,46 => x ,y Cu 96: t chay hoan toan mt anehit n chc no, mch h A cn 17,92 lit O2 (ktc). Hp thu ht san phm chay vao nc vi trong c 40 gam kt tua va dung dich X. un nong dung dich X lai co 10 gam kt tua na. Cng thc phn t A la A. CH2O. B. C2H4O. C. C3H6O. D. C4H8O. Xem li chuyn 1 dng bi to ra 2 kt ta nCO2 = n Kt ta 1 + 2. n Kt ta 2 = 0,4 + 2.0,1 = 0,6 mol Andehit no n chc => CnH2nO PT : CnH2nO + (3n 1)/2O2 => nCO2 + nH2O 0,8 mol 0,6 mol => 0,3(3n -1) = 0,8n n = 3 => C3H6O => C Nhn cho Cu 97: X, Y, Z, T la 4 anehit no h n chc ng ng lin tip, trong o MT = 2,4MX. t chay hoan toan 0,1 mol Z ri hp thu ht san phm chay vao binh ng dung dich Ca(OH) 2 d thy khi lng dung dich tng hay giam bao nhiu gam? A. tng 18,6 gam. B. tng 13,2 gam. C. Giam 11,4 gam. D. Giam 30 gam. Gi CT ca X l CnH2nO => CT ca T l Cn+4H2(n+4)O V 4 andehit lin tip no, n chc MT = 2,4MX 14n + 72 = 2,4(14n + 16) n = 1 =>X l CH2O => Z l C3H6O 0,1 mol Z => 0,3 mol CO2 BTNT C v 0,3 mol H2O BTNT H Cho vo Ca(OH)2 => 0,3 mol CaCO3 m dung dch = mCO2 + mH2O m CaCO3 = 0,3.44 + 0,3.18 0,3.100 = -11,4 g m dung dch gim 11,4 g Cu 98: t chay hoan toan mt lng aehit A cn va u 2,52 lit O 2 (ktc), c 4,4 gam CO2 va 1,35 gam H2O. A co cng thc phn t la A. C3H4O. B. C4H6O. C. C4H6O2. D. C8H12O. Ta c nCO2 = 0,1 mol ; nH2O = 0,075 mol ; nO2 = 0,1125 mol Cch 1: BT Khi lng => m andehit = mCO2 + mH2O mO2 = 4,4 + 1,35 0,1125.32 = 2,15 mol p n A,B,C u cha 2pi => nandehit = nCO2 nH2O = 0,025mol M andehit = 2,15 / 0,025 = 86 => C Cch 2: nC = nCO2 = 0,1 mol ; nH = 2nH2O = 0,15 mol nO = 2nCO2 + nH2O 2nO2 BTNT Oxi = 0,05 mol => x : y : z = 0,1 : 0,15 : 0,05 = 2 : 3 : 1 => CTGN : C2H3O => Vi n = 2 => C4H6O2 C Cch 3: Tm c m = 2,15 => C chia p nht + tha mn iu kin nCO2 = 4nC4H6O2 = 0,1 mol Cu 99: t chy hon ton 1 anehit A mch h, no thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l n A : n CO : n H O = 1 : 3 : 2 . Vy A l A. CH3CH2CHO. B. OHCCH2CHO. C. HOCCH2CH2CHO. D. CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO.
2 2

- 16 -

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

nA : nCO2 : nH2O = 1 : 3 : 2 => Chn nA = 1 ; nCO2 = 3 ; nH2O = 2 => s C = nCO2 / nA = 3 ; s H = 2nH2O / nA = 4 => B v B cha 3 C v 4H Cu 100: Cho 1,97 gam dung dch fomalin tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Nng % ca anehit fomic trong fomalin l A. 49%. B. 40%. C. 50%. D. 38,07%. ADCT : nAg = 2x.nX vi x l s gc CHO ca cht X Vi fomanlin c HCHO c 2 gc CHO => x = 2 => nHCHO p = nAg / 4 = 0,025 mol => % HCHO trong fomalin = mHCOH / m fomanlin = 0,025.30 .100% / 1,97 = 38,07% Cu 101: Hp cht A cha 1 loi nhm chc v phn t ch cha cc nguyn t C, H, O trong oxi chim 37,21% v khi lng, 1 mol A trng gng hon ton cho 4 mol Ag. Vy A l A. C2H4(CHO)2. B. HCHO. C. HOCCH2CHO. D. CH3CHO. nA = 4nAg => A cha 2 gc CHO => Loi D Mo th % Oxi cc p n => A tha mn = 37,21% Cch t lun: Gi CT A c dng CxHyOz %Oxi = 16z.100%/ (12x + y + 16z) = 37,21% 12x + y = 27z Vi z = 1 => x = 2 v y = 3 loi v s H lun chn vi cht CxHyOz Vi z = 2 => x = 4 v y = 6 => A tha mn Cu 102: Cho 10,4 gam hn hp gm metanal v etanal tc dng vi mt lng va d AgNO 3/NH3 thu c 108 gam Ag. Khi lng metanal trong hn hp l A. 4,4 gam. B. 3 gam. C. 6 gam. D. 8,8 gam. Metanal :HCHO 2 gc CHO ; Etanal : CH3CHO 1 gc CHO => 30x + 44y = 10,4 4x + 2y = nAg = 1 x = 0,2 => mHCHO = 6 => C Cu 103: Cho bay hi ht 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c X thu c 4,48 lt hi X 109,2 oC v 0,7 atm. Mt khc khi cho 5,8 gam X phn ng ca AgNO3/NH3 d to 43,2 gam Ag. CTPT ca X l A. C2H2O2. B. C3H4O2. C. CH2O. D. C2H4O2. bay hi ht 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c X thu c 4,48 lt hi X 109,2oC v 0,7 atm nX = PV/T.0,082 = 0,7.4,48/(382,2.0,082) = 0,1 mol => M X = 58 Ta c nAg = 4n X => X cha 2 gc CHO hay 2 Oxi + MX = 58 => A ng Cu 104: Cho 5,8 gam anehit A tc dng ht vi mt lng d AgNO3/NH3 thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Tm CTPT ca A A. CH3CHO. B. CH2=CHCHO. C. OHCCHO. D. HCHO. nA = nAg / 2x = 0,2 / x mol => MA = 29x vi x = 1 => HCHO loi v HCHO c x = 2 2 gc CHO => x = 2 => OHCCHO tha mn c 2 gc CHO => C Cu 105: Cho 8,7 gam anehit X tac dung hoan toan vi lng dung dich AgNO3/NH3 (d) c 64,8 gam Ag. X co cng thc phn t la A. CH2O. B. C2H4O. C. C2H2O2. D. C3H4O. Tng t 104 => MX = 29x => C Cu 106: 8,6 gam anehit mach khng nhanh A tac dung vi lng (d) dung dich AgNO3/NH3 tao 43,2 gam Ag. A co cng thc phn t la A. CH2O. B. C3H4O. C. C4H8O. D.C4H6O2. Tng t 104 => MX = 43x => x = 1 loi v A,B,C khng tha mn Vi x = 2 => D tha mn 2 gc CHO th hin 2 oxi Cu 107: X la hn hp gm 2 anehit ng ng lin tip. Cho 0,1 mol X tac dung vi lng d dung dich AgNO3/NH3 c 25,92 gam bac. % s mol anehit co s cacbon nho hn trong X la A. 20%. B. 40%. C. 60%. D. 75%. Gi x , y ln lt l s mol ca 2 andehit ; a , b ln lt l s nhm CHO ca 2 andehit x + y = 0,1 ; 2ax + 2by = nAg ax + by = 0,12 (ax + by) / (x + y) = 1,2 => a hoc b = 1 hay 1 nhm CHO V ng ng => Ch c cp cht HCHO v ng ng ca n tha mn x + y = 0,1 ; 2x + y = 0,12 => x = 0,02 mol => % HCHO = 20% V 2< nAg / nX = 2,4 < 4 => hn hp 2 cht chc chn phi c 1 ci c mt gc CHO
- 17 -

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Cu 108: Cho 0,1 mol mt anehit X tac dung ht vi dung dich AgNO 3/NH3 (d) c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro hoa hoan toan X c Y. Bit 0,1 mol Y tac dung va u vi Na va u c 12 gam rn. X co cng thc phn t la A. CH2O. B. C2H2O2. C. C4H6O. D. C3H4O2. nAg/nX = 4 => X cha 2 gc CHO => A , B , D tha mn Vi A.CH2O hay HCHO + H2 => CH3OH + Na => CH3ONa M = 54 => loi v M Rn = 120 Vi B v D hay 2 gc CHO => CT : CnH2n-2O2 2pi + 2H2 => CnH2n+2O2 + Na => CnH2nO2Na2 M rn = 14n + 32 + 46 = 120 n = 3 => C3H4O2 Cu 109: X la hn hp 2 anehit n chc. Chia 0,12 mol X thanh hai phn bng nhau : - t chay ht phn 1 c 6,16 gam CO2 va 1,8 gam H2O. - Cho phn 2 tac dung vi lng d dung dich AgNO3/NH3 c 17,28 gam bac. X gm 2 anehit co cng thc phn t la A. CH2O va C2H4O. B. CH2O va C3H6O. C. CH2O va C3H4O. D. CH2O va C4H6O. Chia lm 2 phn => n hn hp mi phn = 0,06 mol Phn 1 thy nCO2 # nH2O => Loi A , B v 2 andehit u c dng CnH2nO => t to ra nCO2 = nH2O p n => C CH2O hay HCHO c 2 gc CHO v 1 andehit c 1 nhm CHO Xt phn 2 => x + y = 0,06 ; 4x + 2y = 0,16 x = 0,02 ; y = 0,04 x , y l s mol ca 2 andehit Xt phn 1 => nCO2 to ra t p t CH2O = nCH2O = x = 0,02 mol => nCO2 to ra t andehit cn li = 0,12 mol => s C = nCO2 / y = 3 => C Cu 110: Oxi ha 48 gam ancol etylic bng K2Cr2O7 trong H2SO4 c, tch ly sn phm hu c ra ngay khi mi trng v dn vo dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thy c 123,8 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ha l A. 72,46 %. B. 54,93 %. C. 56,32 %. D. Kt qu khc. on Cht hu c l CH3CHO v ru l C2H5OH P : C2H5OH + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 => CH3CHO + K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O nC2H5OH p = nCH3CHO = nAg / 2 = 0,573 mol => H% p = mC2H5OH p / m ban u = 0,573.46/48 = 54,93% => B Cu 111: Dn m gam hi ancol etylic qua ng ng CuO d un nong. Ngng tu phn hi thoat ra c hn hp X gm anehit, ancol etylic va H 2O. Bit lng X tac dung vi Na (d) giai phong 3,36 lit H 2 ( ktc), con 1/2 lng X con lai tac dung vi d dung dich AgNO3/NH3 tao c 25,92 gam Ag. a. Gia tri m la A. 13,8 gam B. 27,6 gam C. 16,1 gam D. 6,9 gam P : C2H5OH + CuO => CH3CHO + Cu + H2O (1) X p vi Na (d) => n C2H5OH d + nH2O = 2nH2 = 0,3 mol = nC2H5OH d + nC2H5OH p v n H2O = nC2H5OH p v ly => nC2H5OH ban u = 0,6 mol => m = 27,6 g b. Hiu sut phn ng oxi ho ancol etylic l A. 20%. B. 40%. C. 60%. D. 75%. X p vi AgNO3/NH3 => nCH3CHO = nAg / 2 = 0,12 mol = n C2H5OH p V ly so vi ban u => nC2H5OH p thc t = 0,24 mol % C2H5OH p = 0,24.100% / 0,6 = 40% => B Cu 112: Cho m gam ancol n chc no (h) X qua ng ng CuO (d) nung nong. Sau khi phan ng hoan toan thy khi lng cht rn trong ng giam 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c (gm hi anehit va hi nc) co ti khi so vi H2 la 19. Gia tri m la A. 1,2 gam. B. 1,16 gam. C. 0,92 gam. D.0,64 gam. Xem phn ancol dng bi ny lm ri m gim = mO = 0,32 g T CuO => Cu V hn hp gm andehit v H2O m nAndehit = nH2O = nOxi = 0,02 mol => n hn hp = 0,04 mol V ta c mCuO mCu = 0,32 g lng gim BTKL : m X + mCuO = m hn hp + mCu m X = m hn hp 0,32 m ancol = m hn hp - m gim = 0,02.2.19.2 - 0,32 = 1,2 g => A Cu 113: X la hn hp 2 ancol n chc ng ng lin tip. Cho 0,3 mol X tac dung hoan toan vi CuO un nong c hn hp Y gm 2 anehit. Cho Y tac dung vi lng dung dich AgNO 3/NH3 c 86,4 gam Ag. X gm
- 18 -

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

A. CH3OH va C2H5OH. B. C3H7OH va C4H9OH. C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. D. C3H5OH va C4H7OH. nX = nY = 0,3 V p khng thay i s C Ta c 2 < nAg/nY = 2,67 < 4 => Y chc chn c HCHO => X c CH3OH => A v lin tip Cu 114: Dn 4 gam hi ancol n chc A qua ng ng CuO, nung nong. Ngng tu phn hi thoat ra c hn hp X. Cho X tac dung vi lng d dung dich AgNO3/NH3 c 43,2 gam bac. A la A. ancol metylic. B. ancol etylic. C. ancol anlylic. D. ancol benzylic. Ta c nAndehit = nAg / 2x = 0,2 / x = nAncol p => M ancol < 4 / (0,2/x) = 20x v ru khng p ht cn d => m ru p < 4 x = 1 => Loi khng c ru vi M < 20 x = 2 => M < 40 => c CH3OH duy nht tha mn v andehit l HCHO c x = 2 2 nhm CHO => A Cu 115: X la hn hp gm mt ancol n chc no, mch h A va mt anehit no, mch h n chc B (A va B co cung s cacbon). t chay hoan toan 13,4 gam X c 0,6 mol CO 2 va 0,7 mol H2O. S nguyn t C trong A, B u la A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Ancol n chc no , andehit n chc no v A v B cng s C CT : ancol : CnH2n+2O ; Andehit : CnH2nO nAncol = nH2O nCO2 = 0,1 mol V ancol no => khng pi Gi y l s mol andehit BTNT C : n . nAncol + n. nAndehit = nCO2 0,1n + n.y = 0,6 (I) m hn hp = mAncol + mandehit = 13,4 (14n + 18)0,1 + (14n + 16)y = 13,4 14(0,1n + y) + 16y = 11,6 14.0,6 + 16y = 11,6 T I y = 0,2 mol th vo I => n = 2 => B Cch khc: Th p n : Ta thy M andehit = M ancol - 2 Gi x , y l s mol ancol v andehit m hn hp = x.M + (M- 2).y = 13,4 vi M l M ancol n(x+y) = nCO2 = 0,6 Xt A . n = 1 => M = 32 CH3OH v HCHO => Th vo trn gii h m => Loi Xt B. n = 2 => M = 46 C2H5OH v CH3CHO => x = 0,1 y = 0,2 p => n = 2 ng tng t C, D sai Cu 116: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to thnh l A. 43,2 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 64,8 gam. D. 21,6 gam. HCHO c 2 gc CHO , HCOOH c 1 gc CHO => nAG = 4nHCHO + 2nHCOOH = 4.0,1 + 2.0,1 = 0,6 mol => mAg = 64,8 g Cu 117: Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l A. HCHO v C2H5CHO. B. HCHO v CH3CHO. C. C2H3CHO v C3H5CHO. D. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO. Ta c 2 < nAg/ nhn hp X = 3 < 4 => X cha HCHO v k tip => cht cn li l CH3CHO => B Cu 118: Hiro ho hon ton hn hp M gm hai anehit X v Y no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (MX < My), thu c hn hp hai ancol c khi lng ln hn khi lng M l 1 gam. t chy hon ton M thu c 30,8 gam CO2. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X ln lt l A. HCHO v 50,56%. B. CH3CHO v 67,16%. C. CH3CHO v 49,44%. D. HCHO v 32,44%. V andehit no n chc CnH2nO nH2 = n hn hp ru = n Hn hp ancol = 0,5 mol , => n = nCO2 / n hn hp ancol = 1,4 n trung bnh v k tip nhau => HCHO v CH3CHO x + y = 0,5 ; 1,4 = (x + 2y) / (x + y) CT n trung bnh x = 0,3 ; y = 0,2 => %m HCHO = 0,3.30 / (0,3.30 + 0,2.44) = 50,56 % % X MX < MY => A
- 19 -

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Cu 119: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. HCHO. B. OHCCHO. C. CH3CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)CHO. nAg / nX = 4 => X cha 2 gc CHO => Loi C v D nY = nNa / 2 => Y cha 2 gc OH => Loi A V to ra Y : CH3OH => B OH CH2 CH2 OH Cu 120: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc. Bit phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y tng ng l A. HOCH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CHO. B. HOCH2CH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CH2CHO. C. HCOOCH3 v HCOOCH2CH3. D. HOCH(CH3)CHO v HOOCCH2CHO. X,Y u p vi Na v c p trng bc => Loi C v C l este khng p Na Mo . Thy cc p n u c 2 Oxi => %Oxi X = 32.100% / MX = 53,33 MX = 60 %Oxi Y = 32.100% / MY = 43,24% MY = 74 A tha mn Cch gii t lun : Gi CT : CxHyOz %O X = 16z .100% / (12x + y + 16z) = 53,33% 12x + y = 14z p n => z = 2 => x = 2 v y = 4 X l C2H4O2 => Loi B v D Tng t cn Y l C3H6O2 => A Loi C v khng p vi Na Cu 121: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH un nng v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. Th tch ca 3,7 gam hi cht X bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh O2 (cng iu kin v nhit v p sut). Khi t chy hon ton 1 gam X th th tch kh CO2 thu c vt qu 0,7 lt ( ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HCOOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3. C. HOOCCHO. D. OHCCH2CH2OH. Mo : X tc dng vi NaOH un nng + p vi AgNO3/NH3 => X c gc COOH hoc COO cng thm gc CHO => A hoc C . V ca 3,7 g hi X = V ca 1,6 g kh O2 nX = nO2 3,7 / MX = 1,6 / 32 MX = 74 ny khng cn thit v p n no M = 74 => C th da vo p n Ta c t chy 1 g X => VCO2 > 0,7 lt => n > nCO2 / nX = 2,3 s C = nCO2 / nX . v V CO2 > 0,7 => A Cu 122: Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 10,5. B. 8,8. C. 24,8. D. 17,8. Andehit no , n chc CnH2nO n trung bnh do 2 andehit => n hh Andehit = nH2 = (mAncol mAndehit)/2 = 0,5 mol n=nCO2 / n hn hp Andehit =1,6 => M = 14n + 16 = 38,4 => m = n hn hp . M hn hp = 0,5.38,4 = 17,8 g Cu 123: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ru (ancol) no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y (c t khi hi so vi H2 l 13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3 un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 7,8. B. 8,8. C. 7,4. D. 9,2. PT chung i vi dng ny : Ru no , n chc : CnH2n+2O + CuO => CnH2nO + H2O + Cu Hn hp kh l CnH2nO andehit v H2O BT Khi lng : m CnH2n+2O ru + mCuO => mCnH2nO + mH2O + mCu m ru = m hn hp (mCuO mCu) = m hn hp n hh andehit. 16 n hh andehit hoc nH2O hoc n ru = M hn hp . n hn hp - n andehit.16 = M hn hp . 2n hh andehit n hh andehit . 16 v n hn hp = n hh andehit + nH2O c mi bit cho khng cht ch.
- 20 -

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

T M hn hp Y gm 2 andehit v H2O = 27,5 > 18H2O C 2 andehit > 27,5 V andehit thp nht l HCHO c M = 30 TH1: c HCHO v 1 andehit khc c s C ln hn 1 4x + 2y = nAg x , y l mol andehit Nu cho thm : s mol 2 ru bng nhau => x = y => n hn hp andehit = nH2O = 0,2 mol Th vo CT trn => m ru = M hn hp . 2n hn hp andehit n hn hp andehit . 16 = 7,8 g => A TH2 : c 2 andehit u c 1 gc CHO hay s C > 1 2x + 2y = nAg n hn hp andehit = 0,3 mol => th CT => m = 11,7 g Theo kin c nhn. Cu 124: Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l A. C3H7CHO. B. HCHO. C. C4H9CHO. D. C2H5CHO. BT e => nAg = nNO2 = 0,1 mol => n andehit = nAg / 2x = 0,05 / x M andehit = 72x => vi x = 1 => A ng Vi x = 2 => Loi Ch c B c x = 2 nhng M khng ph hp Cu 125: Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp sn phm X (gm HCHO, H2O v CH3OH d). Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ho CH3OH l A. 76,6%. B. 80,0%. C. 65,5%. D. 70,4%. nCH3OH p = nHCHO to thnh = nAg / 4 = 0,03 mol => H% p = mCH3OH p / mCH3OH ban u = 0,03.32.100% / 1,2 = 80% => B Cu 126: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, to) th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l A. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2). B. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2). C. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0). D. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0). Ta c nAg / n andehit = 2 => Andehit c 1 gc CHO => Loi C v nu n = 0 th HCHO c nAg/n andehit = 4 Loi D v c 2 gc CHO => nAg / nAndehit = 4 Ta c nX = nH2 / 2 => X cha 2 lin kt pi m CHO c 1 pi => hidroacbon c 1 pi => B. CnH2n-1CHO hay Cn+1H2(n+1) 2O hay CmH2m-2O c 2 pi ging gc ankin Cu 127: Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H 2 i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y th thu c 11,7 gam H 2O v 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca H2 trong X l A. 35,00%. B. 65,00%. C. 53,85%. D. 46,15%. H: BTNT C => nHCHO = nCO2 = 0,35 mol BTNT H => 2nHCHO + 2nH2 = 2nH2O nH2 = 0,3 mol => %VH2 = nH2.100% / (nHCHO + nH2) = 0,3.100% / (0,35 + 0,3) = 46,15% Cu 128: Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Oxi ho hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch hp, thu c hn hp sn phm hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 13,5. B. 8,1. C. 8,5. D. 15,3. Ta c 2 < nAg/ nX = 0,25 < 4 => Y chc chn cha HCHO v nu khng cha => nAg/ nX = 2 Y cha HCHO v CH3CHO v HCHO c 2 gc CHO v v k tip => X : CH3OH v C2H5OH Gi x , y ln lt l s mol tng ru =>n hn hp = x + y = 0,2 ; 4x + 2y = nAg = 0,5 V n andehit = n ru x = 0,05 ; y = 0,15 => m = 8,5 g Cu 129: 1,72 gam hn hp anehit acrylic v anehit axetic tham gia phn ng cng va 1,12 lt H 2 (ktc). Cho thm 0,696 gam anehit B l ng ng ca anehit fomic vo 1,72 gam hn hp 2 anehit trn ri cho hn hp thu c tham gia phn ng trng bc hon ton c 10,152 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca B l A. CH3CH2CHO. B. C4H9CHO. C. CH3CH(CH3)CHO. D. CH3CH2CH2CHO.
- 21 -

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Andehit acrylic : CH2=CH-CHO ; adehit axetic : CH3CHO ; gi x , y ln lt l s mol 2 andehit 56x + 44y = 1,72 ; 2x + y = nH2 = 0,05 => x = 0,015 ; y = 0,02 p n => B cha 1 gc CHO => 2 n B + 2x + 2y = nAg nB = 0,012 => MB = 0,696 / 0,012 = 58 = 14n + 16 => n = 3 => A V andehit thuc dy ng ng andehit fomic => No n chc : CnH2nO Cu 130*: 17,7 gam hn hp X gm 2 anehit n chc phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 (dng d) c 1,95 mol Ag v dung dch Y. Ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 0,45 mol CO 2. Cc cht trong hn hp X l A. C2H3CHO v HCHO. B. C2H5CHO v HCHO. C. CH3CHO v HCHO. D. C2H5CHO v CH3CHO. M : T p n => A,B,C u cha 1 andehit c 1 gc CHO v 1 andehit cha 2 gc CHO c th l HCHO m hn hp andehit = MA.x + MB.y = 17,7 2x + 4y = nAg = 1,95 Th p n A : MA = 56 (C2H3CHO) ; MB = 30 (HCHO) => Gii h ra nghim p + dng => A ng x = 0,075 ; y = 0,45 => Th B v C l Nu th D => sa 2x + 2y = 1,95 => l Cch t lun : CH c HCHO + AgNO3/NH3 => (NH4)2CO3 + NH3 + H2O V (NH4)2CO3 + HCL => NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O nCO2 = n(NH4)2CO3 = nHCHO = 0,45 mol => x = ( nAg 2nHCHO)/2 v m Andehit cn li = 17,7 mHCH => M andehit = 56 => A Cu 131: A la axit cacboxylic n chc cha no (1 ni i C=C). A tac dung vi brom cho san phm cha 65,04% brom (theo khi lng). Vy A co cng thc phn t la A. C3H4O2. B. C4H6O2. C. C5H8O2. D. C5H6O2. Axit n chc c 1 ni i => CT : CnH2n-2O2 P cng Br2 ch vo ni i mch hidroacbon => sn phm : CnH2n-2Br2O2 => %Br2 = 160.100% / (14n -2 + 160 + 32) = 65,04 => n = 4 => C4H6O2 => B Cu 132: Mun trung ha 6,72 gam mt axit hu c A cn dng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 2,24%. A l A. CH3COOH. B. CH3CH2COOH. C. HCOOH. D. CH2=CHCOOH. CT : x = nNaOH / nX vi x l s nhm COOH hoc nhm COO ca cht X p n => Axit A ch c 1 nhm COOH => nNaOH = nAxit = 0,112 mol => Maxit = 60 => A Cu 133: trung hoa 40 ml gim n cn 25 ml dung dich NaOH 1M. Bit khi lng ring cua gim la 1 g/ml. Vy mu gim n nay co nng la A. 3,5%. B. 3,75%. C. 4%. D. 5%. Gim n : CH3COOH : nCH3COOH = nNaOH = 0,025 mol ; m dung dch = 40 g => C% CH3COOH = 0,025.60.100% / 40 = 3,75 % => B Cu 134: Trung hoa 9 gam axit cacbonxylic A bng NaOH va u c can dung dich c 13,4 gam mui khan. A co cng thc phn t la A. C2H4O2. B. C2H2O4. C. C3H4O2. D. C4H6O4. Tng qut : PT : R(COOH)x + xNaOH => R(COONa)x + H2O x l s nhm COOH T Axit => Mui => m tng = 22x => n Axit = n mui = (m mui maxit)/22x n Axit = (m mui m Axit) / 22x = 0,2 / x M axit = 9 / (0,2/x) = 45x => Vi x = 2 => B x = 1 loi v khng c p n no ng Cu 135: Trung hoa 2,7 gam axit cacboxylic A cn va u 60 ml dung dich NaOH 1M. A co cng thc phn t la A. C2H4O2. B. C3H4O2. C. C4H6O4. D. C2H2O4. nAxit = nNaOH / x = 0,06/x => M axit = 2,7 / (0,06/x) = 45x => vi x = 2 => D Cu 136: Trung ha hon ton 1,8 gam mt axit hu c n chc bng dung dch NaOH va ri c cn dung dch sau phn ng c 2,46 gam mui khan. Axit l A. HCOOH. B. CH2=CHCOOH. C. CH3CH2COOH. D. CH3COOH.
- 22 -

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

p n => 1 gc COOH hay x = 1 => nAxit = (m mui m axit)/22 = 0,03 mol=> M Axi = 60 => D Cu 137: Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H5COOH. B. CH3COOH. C. HCOOH. D. C3H7COOH. BT khi lng => mH2O = 1,08 g => nH2O = nAxit v axit n chc rt ra t PT = 0,06 mol => M axit = 60 => B Cu 138: A v B l 2 axit cacboxylic n chc. Trn 1,2 gam A vi 5,18 gam B c hn hp X. trung ha ht X cn 90 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. A, B ln lt l A. Axit propionic, axit axetic. B. axit axetic, axit propionic. C. Axit acrylic, axit propionic. D. Axit axetic, axit acrylic. p n => u n chc => nNaOH = n A + nB 0,09 = 1,2 / MA + 5,18/MB Th p n => B ng A : CH3COOH M = 60 ; B : C2H5COOH M = 74 Cu 139: Cho 2,46 gam hn hp gm HCOOH, CH 3COOH, C6H5OH tc dng va vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tng khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng l A. 3,54 gam. B. 4,46 gam. C. 5,32 gam. D. 11,26 gam. V cc cht ch cha 1 H linh ng => m mui = m hn hp + 22.n hn hp hoc nNaOH m mui = 2,46 + 0,4.22 = 11,26 g => D Tng gim khi lng Cu 140: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO3 thu c 7,28 gam mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH2=CHCOOH. B. CH3COOH. C. HCCCOOH. D. CH3CH2COOH. PT : 2RCOOH + CaCO3 => (RCOO)2Ca + H2O Gi s 2 mol => 1 mol => m tng = 38 g Vi x mol => m tng = 7,28 5,76 = 1,52 g => nRCOOH p = 1,52.2 / 38 = 0,08 mol => M axit = 5,76 / 0,08 = 72 => A Cu 141: Cho 0,1 mol axit hu c X tc dng vi 11,5 gam hn hp Na v K thu c 21,7 gam cht rn v thy thot ra 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l A. (COOH)2. B. CH3COOH. C. CH2(COOH)2. D. CH2=CHCOOH. Ta lun c x . nX = 2nH2 vi x l s H linh ng trong X => nX = nH2 = 0,1 mol => X cha 2 gc COOH => Loi B v D BT khi lng => mX + m hn hp Na , K = m rn + mH2 mX = 10,4 => MX = 104 => C Cu 142: Cho 16,6 gam hn hp gm HCOOH, CH3COOH tc dng ht vi Mg thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Khi lng CH3COOH l A. 12 gam. B. 9 gam. C. 6 gam. D. 4,6 gam. Gi x , y ln lt l s mol 2 ru => 44x + 60y = 16,6 x + y = 2nH2 = 0,3 mol => y = 0,2 mol => m CH3COOH = 12 g Cu 143: X la hn hp gm HCOOH va CH3COOH (ti l mol 1:1). Ly 21,2 gam X tac dung vi 23 gam C2H5OH (xuc tac H2SO4 c, un nong) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut este hoa u at 80%). Gia tri m la A. 40,48 gam. B. 23,4 gam. C. 48,8 gam. D. 25,92 gam. Dng bi P este ha : nhiu ancol + nhiu axit Phng php Ta lun c M este = M ancol + M axit M H2O M trc = M sau p p : M C2H5OH = 46 ; M hn hp Axit = 53 v t l mol 1 : 1 => M trung bnh = (46 + 60)/2 = 53 T l 1 : 1 => nHCOOH = nCH3COOH = x mol => m hn hp = 46x + 60x = 21,2 => x = 0,2 mol n hn hp Axit = 0,4 mol ; nC2H5OH = 0,5 mol n este = n hn hp axit = 0,4 mol M este = M C2H5OH + M hn hp Axit 18 = 46 + 53 18 = 81 m este theo PT = 0,4.81 = 32,4 g H% sn phm = mTT . 100% / mPT mTT = mPT .H% / 100% = 32,4 .80/100 = 25,92 g => D
- 23 -

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Cu 144: un nong 6 gam CH3COOH vi 9,2 gam C2H5OH (co H2SO4 c lam xuc tac) n khi phan ng at ti trang thai cn cn bng thi c 5,5 gam este. Hiu sut phan ng este hoa la A. 55%. B. 62,5%. C. 75%. D. 80%. M este = MCH3COOH + MC2H5OH 18 = 60 + 46 18 = 88 Hoc bit este l CH3COOC2H5 n este = nCH3COOH = 0,1 mol v p t ti trng thi cn bng => m este theo PT = 8,8 g => H% = meste TT . 100% / mPT = 5,5.100% / 8,8 = 62,5 % => B Cu 145: Cho 0,3 mol axit X n chc trn vi 0,25 mol ancol etylic em thc hin phn ng este ha thu c thu c 18 gam este. Tch ly lng ancol v axit d cho tc dng vi Na thy thot ra 2,128 lt H2. Vy cng thc ca axit v hiu sut phn ng este ha l A. CH3COOH, H% = 68%. B. CH2=CHCOOH, H%= 78%. C. CH2=CHCOOH, H% = 72%. D. CH3COOH, H% = 72%. Este c dng : RCOOC2H5 P : RCOOH + C2H5OH => RCOOC2H5 + H2O Gi x l s mol axit p => n Axit p = n ru p = x = n este nAxit d = 0,3 x ; n Ru d = 0,25 x nAxit d + n ru d = 2nH2 v axit , ru u n chc : CT : x . nX = 2nH2 x l s H linh ng 0,55 2x = 0,19 x = 0,18 => M este = 100 = MR + 73 MR = 27 => R : CH2=CH Axit l CH2=CHCOOH ; H% = x .100% / n Ru = 0,18.100% / 0,25 = 72% => C Tnh theo Ru v lng axit d nhiu hn Cu 146: Oxi ho anehit OHCCH2CH2CHO trong iu kin thch hp thu c hp cht hu c X. un nng hn hp gm 1 mol X v 1 mol ancol metylic vi xc tc H 2SO4 c thu c 2 este Z v Q (M Z < MQ) vi t l khi lng mZ : mQ = 1,81. Bit ch c 72% ancol chuyn thnh este. S mol Z v Q ln lt l A. 0,36 v 0,18. B. 0,48 v 0,12. C. 0,24 v 0,24. D. 0,12 v 0,24. OHCCH2CH2CHO + O2 => HOOCCH2CH2COOH X PT : HOOCCH2CH2COOH + CH3OH => HOOCCH2CH2COOCH3 Z+ H2O HOOCCH2CH2COOH + 2CH3OH => H3COOCCH2CH2COOCH3 Q + 2H2O Gi x , y l s mol Z v Q => x + 2y = nCH3OH p = 0,72 mol nHOOCH2CH2COOCH3 = nCH3OH PT 1 = x nH3COOCCH2CH2COOCH3 = nCH3OH / 2 PT 2 = y / 2 m Z = 1,81 MQ 132x = 1,81 . 146y gii h => x = 0,36 ; y = 0,18 => A Cu 147: t chy hon ton 2,22 gam mt axit hu c no A thu c 1,62 gam H2O. A l A. C3H7COOH. B. C2H5COOH. C. HCOOH. D. CH3COOH. p n => Axit hu c no n chc => CT : CnH2nO2 BTNT H => 2n . nCnH2nO2 = 2nH2O nCnH2nO2 = 0,09 / n => M CnH2nO2 = 14n + 32 = 2,22 / (0,09/n) = 74n/3 n = 3 => B Cu 148: t chay hoan toan 0,1 mol axit n chc cn V lit O 2 ktc, thu c 0,3 mol CO2 va 0,2 mol H2O. Gia tri V la A. 6,72 lit. B. 8,96 lit. C. 4,48 lit. D. 5,6 lit. BT NT Oxi => 2n Axit + 2nOxi = 2nCO2 + nH2O v axit n chc => c 2 oxi 0,2 + 2nO2 = 0,6 + 0,2 VO2 = 6,72 lt Cu 149: t chay hoan toan mt axit A thu c 0,2 mol CO2 va 0,15 mol H2O. A co cng thc phn t la A. C3H4O4. B. C4H8O2. C. C4H6O4. D. C5H8O4. x : y = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 0,2 : 0,3 = 2 : 3 => C Cu 150: t chy hon ton 4,38 gam mt axit E no, mch thng thu c 4,032 lt CO 2 (kc) v 2,7 gam H2O. CTCT ca E l A. CH3COOH. B. C17H35COOH. C. HOOC(CH2)4COOH. D. CH2=C(CH3)COOH. Ta c nCO2 = 0,18 # nH2O = 0,15 => Loi A v B v A , B c s pi = 1 => nCO2 = nH2O C v D c s pi = 2 => n Axit = nCO2 nH2O = 0,03 mol => M axit = 146 => C Cu 151: t chay hoan toan 0,1 mol axit cacboxylic A thu c cha n 8 gam hn hp CO2 va H2O. A la
- 24 -

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

A. axit fomic. B. axit axetic. C. axit acrylic. D. axit oxalic. Gi CT tng qut ca axit : CnH2n+2 2aOz a l tng pi + vng nCO2 = n . n Axit = 0,1 n ; nH2O = (n+1 a). n Axit = 0,1 (n+1 a) m CO2 + mH2O < 8 4,4n + 1,8(n+1 a) < 9 6,2 n < 7,2 + 1,8a p n A v B c a = 1 => n < 1,45 => n = 1 => HCOOH axit fomic => A p n C v D c a = 2 => n < 1,74 => n = 1 => Loi Cu 152: Z l mt axit hu c. t chy 0,1 mol Z cn 6,72 lt O2 (ktc). CTCT ca Z l A. CH3COOH. B. CH2=CHCOOH. C. HCOOH. D. Kt qu khc. x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nX = 3 Ta c z = 2 v p n l axit n chc => s Oxi = 2 => x + y/4 = 4 => x = 3 v y =4 => B Cu 153: t chy ht 1 th tch hi axit hu c A c 3 th tch hn hp CO2 v hi nc khi o cng iu kin. CTPT ca A l A. HCOOH. B. CH3COOH. C. HOOCCOOH. D. HOOCCH2COOH. x = nCO2 / nA = VCO2 / VA = 3 => D x l s C Cu 154: t chy hon ton 0,44 gam mt axit hu c, sn phm chy cho hp th hon ton vo bnh 1 ng P2O5, bnh 2 ng dung dch KOH. Sau th nghim thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,36 gam v bnh 2 tng 0,88 gam. CTPT ca axit l A. C4H8O2. B. C5H10O2. C. C2H6O2. D. C2H4O2. m bnh 1 = mH2O = 0,36 => nH2O = 0,02 mol m bnh 2 = mCO2 = 0,88 => nCO2 = 0,02 mol => nCO2 = nH2O + p n l axit n chc => CT : CnH2nO2 => n . nCnH2nO2 = nCO2 BTNT C => nCnH2nO2 = 0,02 / n => M CnH2nO2 = 14n + 32 = 0,44 / (0,02/n) n = 4 => C4H8O2 => A Cu 155: t chy ht 10ml th tch hi mt hp cht hu c A cn dng 30 ml O 2, sn phm thu c ch gm CO2 v H2O c th tch bng nhau v u bng th tch O2 phn ng. CTPT ca A l A. C2H4O2. B. C3H6O3. C. C3H6O2. D. C4H8O2. VCO2 = VH2O = VO2 = 30 ml x = VCO2 / VA = 3 ; y = 2VH2O / VA = 6 x + y /4 z/2 = VO2 / VA 3 + 6/4 z/2 = 3 z = 3 => B :C3H6O3 Dng bi nCO2 = nH2O = nO2 => Cht A c dng (CH2O)n hay CnH2nOn V PT : CnH2nOn + nO2 => nCO2 + nH2O p dng bi trn => n = VCO2 / VA = 3 => C3H6O3 Cu 156: X la hn hp 2 axit cacboxylic no, h, phn t mi axit cha khng qua 2 nhom -COOH. t chay hoan toan 9,8 gam X c 11 gam CO2 va 3,6 gam H2O. X gm A. HCOOH va CH3COOH. B. HCOOH va HOOCCH2COOH. C. HCOOH va HOOCCOOH. D. CH3COOH va HOOCCH2COOH. nCO2 = 0,25 mol > nH2O = 0,2 mol + T p n => 1 axit n chc pi = 1 v 1 axit 2 chc pi = 2 => Loi A nAxit 2 chc = nCO2 nH2O = 0,05 mol Xem chuyn 1 : vi pi = 2 th nX = nCO2 nH2O pi = 0 : nX = nH2O nCO2 ; pi = 1 : nH2O = nCO2 Cch 1: Gi a,b l s C ca 2 axit => a. nX1 + b.nX2 = nCO2 = 0,25 mol a.nX1 + b.0,05 = 0,25 Ta c nX2 = 0,05 mol V 2 chc => c 2 pi Th p n : B X1 c 1C , X2 c 3C => nHCOOH = 0,05 mol m hn hp = 0,1.46 + 0,05.104 = 9,8 g => B Th C, D loi Cch 2: CT 2 axit : CnH2nO2 1pi v CmH2m-2O4 2pi Gi x,y ln lt l s mol trong 2 axit m hn hp = (14n+32)x + (14m + 62)y = 9,8 (I) BTNT C : nx + my = 0,25 th vo I ta c 32x + 62y = 6,3 Th p n => n,m gii h => p n no p tha mn Vi p n B: n = 1 , m = 3 tha mn Cch 3: Mt xut hin ca HCOOH trong 4 p n l 3 ln v HOOCCH2COOH l 2 ln nhiu nht => B Cch ny ch dng khi khng lm c
- 25 -

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Cu 157: Cc sn phm thu c khi t chy hon ton 3 gam axit hu c X c dn ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng dung dch NaOH. Sau th nghim thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 1,8 gam v khi lng bnh 2 tng 4,4 gam. CTCT ca A l A. HCOOH. B. C2H5COOH. C. CH3COOH.D. A hoc B hoc C. m bnh 1 = mH2O = 0,1 mol ; m bnh 2 = mCO2 = 0,1 mol => nCO2 = nH2O => CT X: CnH2nO2 hoc da vo p n => n . nCnH2nO2 =nCO2 = 0,1 mol nCnH2nO2 = 0,1/n BTNT C => M CnH2nO2 = 14n + 32 = 3/(0,1/n) n = 2 => C p n D ng : i thi khng c p n : v t hoc th hin chn 1 trong 3 p n A,B,C ng M D v C u ng Cu 158: Oxi hoa 0,125 mol ancol n chc A bng 0,05 mol O 2 (xt, to) c 5,6 gam hn hp X gm axit cacboxylic ; anehit ; ancol d va nc. A co cng thc phn t la A. CH4O. B. C2H6O. C. C3H6O. D. C3H8O. BT KL => mAncol + mO2 = m hn hp m Ancol = 4 g => M ancol = 32 => A Cu 159: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO2. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l A. HOOCCOOH v 42,86%. B. HOOCCOOH v 60,00%. C. HOOCCH2COOH v 70,87%. D. HOOCCH2COOH v 54,88%. P vi Na => nX + 2nY = 2nH2 = 0,4 CT : x . nX = 2nH2 vi x l s H linh ng do X n , Y 2 chc t chy => a.nX + a.nY = nCO2 = 0,6 V X,Y cng s C , gi a l s C ca 2 axit p n => a =2 hoc a = 3 Xt a = 2 => Axit : CH3COOH v HOOCCOOH => Th vo trn gii h => nX = 0,2 ; nY = 0,1 mol % mHOOCCOOH = 0,1.90.100% / (0,2.60 + 0,1.90) = 42,86% => A Vi a = 3 => Loi V gii h => nX = 0 Cu 160: Cht A c ngun gc t thc vt v thng gp trong i sng (cha C, H, O), mch h. Ly cng s mol ca A cho phn ng ht vi Na2CO3 hay vi Na th thu c s mol CO2 bng 3/4 s mol H2. Cht A l A. axit malic : HOOCCH(OH)CH2COOH. B. axit xitric : HOOCCH2C(OH)(COOH)CH2COOH. C. axit lauric : CH3(CH2)10COOH. D. axit tactaric : HOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH. Tng qut PT Axit p vi Na2CO3 : 2R(COOH)x + xNa2CO3 => 2R(COONa)x + xCO2 + H2O AD bi trn : Gi a l s mol Axit . Gi x l s gc COOH trong A , y l s H linh ng trong A ax / 2 = nCO2 ax = 2nCO2 a.y = 2nH2O => nCO2 / nH2O = x / y = 3 / 4 => x = 3 v y = 4 => B ph hp 3 gc COOH v 1 gc OH Gii thch thm: A p vi Na2CO3 ch th Na gc COOH A p vi Na => Th c gc OH => y = x + 1 => A cha 1 gc OH v 3 gc COOH => B ph hp Cu 161: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na hoc vi NaHCO 3 th u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l A. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. B. axit aipic. C. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic. D. etylen glicol. Tng qut PT :Axit p vi NaHCO3 : R(COOH)x + xNaHCO3 => R(COONa)x + xCO2 + H2O => nCO2 = x . nR(COOH)x x = 1 v nX = nCO2 x . nX = 2nH2 x = 2 v nX = nH2 => X cha 1 gc COOH v 1 gc OH => C C C C(OH) COOH hidroxi l gc OH A sai . CH2 C6H4 OH OH gn v tr o => ch c 1 gc OH B sai . HOOCCOOH => 2 gc COOH D sai . OH CH2 CH2 OH => cha 2 gc OH Cu 162: Chia 0,3 mol axit cacobxylic A thanh hai phn bng nhau. - t chay phn 1 c 19,8 gam CO2. - Cho phn 2 tac dung hoan toan vi 0,2 mol NaOH, thy sau phan ng khng con NaOH.
- 26 -

CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Vy A co cng thc phn t la A. C3H6O2. B. C3H4O2. C. C3H4O4. D. C6H8O4. Phn I => x = nCO2 / nA = 0,45 / 0,15 = 3 v chia 2 phn => n axit mi phn = 0,15 mol Phn II p vi NaOH m nNaOH > nAxit + khng cn sau p => Axit phi a chc CT : x = nNaOH / nX vi x c th l gc COO , COOH hoc gc phenol Phn II th hin Axit d C 2 d kin => C ph hp v 3 C v 2 chc 4Oxi Cu 163: Cho 10 gam hn hp X gm HCHO va HCOOH tac dung vi lng (d) dung dich AgNO 3/NH3 c 99,36 gam bac. % khi lng HCHO trong hn hp X la A. 54%. B. 69%. C. 64,28%. D. 46%. Gi x,y ln lt l s mol HCHO v HCOOH => 30x + 46y = 10 ; 4x + 2y = nAg = 0,92 nAg = 2x. nX vi x l s gc CHO trong X Gii h => x , y => %HCHO = 54 % => A Cu 164: trung hoa a mol axit cacboxylic A cn 2a mol NaOH. t chay hoan toan a mol A thu c 3a mol CO2. A co cng thc phn t la A. C3H4O2. B. C3H6O2. C. C6H10O4. D. C3H4O4. nNaOH / nA = 2 => A c 2 chc => O4 => Loi A v B x = nCO2 / nA = 3 => D Cu 165: t chay hoan toan 3,12 gam axit cacboxylic A c 3,96 gam CO 2. Trung hoa cung lng axit nay cn 30 ml dung dich NaOH 2M. A co cng thc phn t la A. C2H4O2. B. C4H6O2. C. C3H4O2. D. C3H4O4. Cch 1: Gi n l s C trong A BTNT C => nA = nCO2 / n = 0,09 /n => MA = 3,12 / (0,09/n) = 104n/3 => n l s chia ht cho 3 => n = 3 V khng c n = 6 p n Do MA nguyn => D vi M = 104 Cch 2: Gi n l s C trong A v m l s nhm COOH => nAxit = nCO2 / n = 0,09/n ; nAxit = nNaOH / m = 0,06/m => 0,09m = 0,06n 3m = 2n p n => m = 1 hoc = 2 Do n nguyn => m = 2 => n = 3 => D : C3H4O4 Cch 3: Ly 3,12 chia cho p n => D p nht Cu 166: Hn hp X gm 2 axit no A 1 v A2. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol X thu c 11,2 lt CO 2 (kc). trung ha 0,3 mol X cn 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. CTCT ca 2 axit l A. HCOOH v C2H5COOH. B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. C. HCOOH v HOOCCOOH. D. CH3COOH v HOOCCH2COOH. Gi x,y - a,b n,m ln lt l mol, s nhm COOH , s C ca A1,A2 x + y = 0,3 nNaOH = ax + by = 0,5 => a,b khng th bng 1 => Loi A v B Cch 1: n = nCO2 / nX = 1,67 n trung bnh => C tha mn Cch 2: T p n C,D cn li => a = 1 v b = 2 Ngoi ra nx + my = nCO2 = 0,5 = ax + by (n-a)x + (m b)y = 0 Xt p n C : n = a = 1 ; m = b = 2 tha mn => C ng D sai v n = 2 > a = 1 ; m = 3 > b =2 => (n-a)x + (m-b)y # 0 => Loi Cu 167: Trung ha a mol axit hu c A cn 2a mol NaOH. t chy ht a mol A c 2a mol CO2. A l A. CH3COOH. B. HOOCCOOH. C. axit n chc no. D. axit n chc khng no. nNaOH / nA = 2 => A cha 2 gc COOH nCO2 / nA = 2 => A cha 2 C =>B tha mn Cu 168: Hp cht hu c E mch h c CTPT C 3H6O3 c nhiu trong sa chua. E c th tc dng vi Na v Na2CO3, cn khi tc dng vi CuO nung nng th to ra hp cht hu c khng tham gia phn ng trng gng. CTCT ca E l A. CH3COOCH2OH. B. CH3CH(OH)COOH.
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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

C. HOCH2COOCH3. D. HOCH2CH2COOH. Cch 1:Nu nh axit lactic : CH3CH(OH)COOH c nhiu trong sa chua => B - hi ng Cch 2: Ch c Axit mi p vi Na2CO3 => Loi A v C V u l este Nung CuO to ra cht khng c p => Gc OH gn vi C bc II D to thnh xeton C bc I to ra andehit c p trng gng => B D sai v OH gn vi C bc I Cu 169: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht X l mui Na ca mt axit hu c thu c 0,15 mol CO 2, hi H2O v Na2CO3. CTCT ca X l A. C3H7COONa. B. CH3COONa. C. CH3CH2COONa. D. HCOONa. Tinh mt => Ch to ra 0,15 mol CO2 thui nh p n => A cha 1 Na => BTNT Na => nX = 2nNa2CO3 nNa2CO3 = 0,05 mol BTNT C => n . nX = nCO2 + nNa2CO3 0,1 n = 0,15 + 0,05 n = 2 => B Ch c B c 2 C Cu 170: Hn hp X gm 0,01 mol HCOONa v a mol mui natri ca hai axit no n chc mch h l ng ng lin tip. t chy hn hp X v cho sn phm chy (CO 2, hi nc) ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H 2SO4 c bnh 2 ng KOH thy khi lng bnh 2 tng nhiu hn bnh mt l 3,51 gam. Phn cht rn Y cn li sau khi t l Na2CO3 cn nng 2,65 gam. Cng thc phn t ca hai mui natri l A. C2H5COONa v C3H7COONa. B. C3H7COONa v C4H9COONa. C. CH3COONa v C2H5COONa. D. CH3COONa v C3H7COONa. m bnh 1 = mH2O ; m bnh 2 = mCO2 => mCO2 mH2O = 3,51 g nNa2CO3 = 0,025 mol : BTNT Na => nHCOONa + a = 2nNa2CO3 a = 0,04 n hn hp 2 mui CT tng qut 2 mui : CnH2n+1COONa hay CnH2n-1O2Na Da vo p n hoc dy ng ng HCOONa => s pi = 1 => CT : CnH2n+2 2a 1O2Na a l s pi , n trung bnh BTNT C : nCO2 = nHCOONa + n 2 mui nNa2CO3 = 0,01 + n.a 0,025 = 0,04n 0,015 ; nH2O = (2n-1).a / 2 =0,02(2n-1) mCO2 - mH2O = 3,51 44 (0,04n 0,015) 0,36(2n-1) = 3,51 1,04n = 3,81 n = 3,66 => A Cu 171: Khi lng axit axetic thu c khi ln men 1 lit ancol etylic 8 o la bao nhiu ? Cho d = 0,8 g/ml va hiu sut phan ng at 92%. A. 76,8 gam. B. 90,8 gam. C. 73,6 gam. D. 58,88 gam. ru = V nguyn cht .100 / V hn hp 8 = V C2H5OH . 100 / 1000 VC2H5OH = 80 ml => mC2H5OH = V.d = 64 g => nC2H5OH = 1,39 mol => H% p = mPT .100% / m Ban u n C2H5OH theo PT = 1,28 mol C2H5OH + O2 => CH3COOH + H2O 1,28 => 1,28 => mCH3COOH thu c = 76,8 g => A Cu 172: Thc hin phn ng oxi ha m gam ancol etylic nguyn cht thnh axit axetic (hiu sut phn ng t 25%) thu c hn hp Y, cho Y tc dng vi Na d thu c 5,6 lt H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 18,4 gam. B. 9,2 gam. C. 23 gam. D. 4,6 gam. Cu 173: Cho s phn ng sau: + HCN + H3O+, to + H2SO4 , to xt, to, p CH3CH=O A B C3H4O2 C C3H4O2 c tn l A. axit axetic. B. axit metacrylic. C. axit acrylic. D. anehit acrylic. CH3CHO + HCN => CH3 - CH(OH) CN P SGK 11 NC 240 CH3(CN)CH(OH) + H3O+ => CH3CH(OH)COOH CH3CH(OH)COOH => CH2=CHCOOH C3H4O2 - Axit acrylic + H2O Tch H2O xt H2SO4 , to => C CH2 = CHCOOH => (-CH2 CH(COOH) )n xt ,to , p ,ete CO + HCl Cu 174: Cho s sau : C2H5Br Mg A 2 B C . C c cng thc l A. CH3COOH. B. CH3CH2COOH. C. CH3CH2OH. D. CH3CH2CH2COOH. Tng qut : R-Br (+Mg xc tc ete) ->R-Mg-Br(+CO2)->R-COO-Mg-Br(+HX)->R-COOH C2H5Br + Mg => CH3 CH2 Mg Br + CO2 => CH3 CH2 COO Mg Br + HCl =>CH3CH2- COOH => B
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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

(COOH)2 B D C2H5OH Cu 175: Cho s chuyn ho sau: HCOONa A Cc cht A, B, D c th l A. H2 ; C4H6 ; C2H4(OH)2. B. H2 ; C2H4 ; C2H4(OH)2. C. CH4 ; C2H2 ; (CHO)2. D. C2H6 ; C2H4(OH)2. PT : HCOONa + NaOH (CaO, t*)=> H2 + Na2CO3 CnH2n+1CHO + H2 => CnH2n+1CH2OH A l H2 ph hp => Loi C v D D l C2H4(OH)2 V loi C v D Mt khc t C2H4 + KMnO4 => C2H4(OH)2 => B l C2H4 Hp l v t C2H5OH tch H2O B Cu 176 : Cho 19,8 gam mt anehit n chc A phan ng hoan toan vi dung dich AgNO 3/NH3 (d). Lng Ag sinh ra phan ng ht vi dung dich HNO3 loang c 6,72 lit NO ktc. A co cng thc phn t la A. C2H4O. B. C3H6O. C. C3H4O. D. C4H8O. BT e => nAg = 3nNO = 0,9 mol => nAndehit = nAg / 2 v n chc = 0,45 mol => M andehit = 44 => A Cu 177: Cho 10,90 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic v axit propionic phn ng hon ton vi Na thot ra 1,68 lt kh (ktc). Nu cho hn hp trn tham gia phn ng cng H2 hon ton th khi lng sn phm cui cng l A. 11,1 gam. B. 7,4 gam. C. 11,2 gam. D. 11,0 gam. Axit acrylic : CH2=CHCOOH ; Axitpropion : CH3 CH2 COOH ; gi x , y ln lt l s mol 2 axit 72x + 74y = 10,9 ; x + y = 2nH2 = 0,15 mol v 2 axit u n chc + p Na => H2 x = 0,1 ; y = 0,05 Ch c axit acrylic + H2 vo ni i CH2=CH => CH3 CH2 COOH Sn phm cui cng l CH3CH2COOH = x + y = 0,15 mol m CH3CH2COOH cui cng = 11,1 g => A Cu 178: Cho 3,15 gam hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit acrylic, axit propionic va lm mt mu hon ton dung dch cha 3,2 gam brom. trung han ton 3,15 gam hn hp X cn 90 ml dd NaOH 0,5M. Thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca axit axetic trong hn hp X l A. 35,24%. B. 45,71%. C. 19,05%. D. 23,49%. Axit axetic : CH3COOH ; Axit acrylic : CH2=CHCOOH ; Axit propionic : CH3CH2COOH tng ng s mol l x , y , z 60x + 72y + 74z = 3,15 ch c CH2=CHCOOH p Br2 cng vo ni i => y = nBr2 = 0,02 nNaOH = x + y + z = 0,045 mol v tt c axit u n chc Gii h => x = 0,01 => % CH3COOH = 19,05% => C Cu 179: Ha tan 26,8 gam hn hp hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h vo nc c dung dch X. Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam bc kim loi. trung ha hon ton phn 2 cn 200,0 ml dung dch NaOH 1,0M. Cng thc ca hai axit l A. HCOOH, C3H7COOH. B. CH3COOH, C2H5COOH. C. CH3COOH, C3H7COOH. D. HCOOH, C2H5COOH. Axit n chc mch h p vi AgNO3 => Duy nht HCOOH => nHCOOH = nAg / 2 = 0,1 mol v cha 1 gc CHO Phn 2 => nHCOOH + nAxit 2 = nNaOH = 0,2 mol v 2 axit n chc => n Axit 2 = 0,1 mol V chia lm 2 phn => m mui phn = 13,4 g = mHCOOH + mAxit 2 13,4 = 0,1.46 + 0,1.Maxit 2 M = 88 => C3H7COOH => A Cu 180: Cho 13,4 gam hn hp X gm hai axit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng tc dng vi Na d, thu c 17,8 gam mui. Khi lng ca axit c s nguyn t cacbon t hn c trong X l A. 3,0 gam. B. 4,6 gam. C. 7,4 gam. D. 6,0 gam.
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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

n Axit = (m mui m axit) /22x vi x l s nhm COOH v n chc => x = 1 Da vo tng gim khi lng V t RCOOH => RCOONa => M tng = M Na mH = 22 => nAxit = 0,2 mol => M Axit = 14n + 32 = 13,4 / 0,2 n = 2,5 => nCH3COOH = nC2H5COOH v n = 2,5 => n 2 axit bng nhau = 0,1 mol => mCH3COOH = 6 g Axit C t hn => D CHUYN 6 : ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXILIC 1B 11B 21A 31A 41A 51B 61B 71D 81D 91AD 101A 111BB 121A 131B 141C 151A 161C 171A 2C 12B 22C 32D 42D 52B 62DAD 72B 82B 92B 102C 112A 122D 132A 142A 152B 162C 172A 3C 13A 23C 33A 43D 53C 63C 73D 83B 93C 103A 113A 123A 133B 143D 153C 163A 173C 4C 14A 24B 34D 44A 54D 64D 74CB 84D 94B 104C 114A 124A 134B 144B 154A 164D 174B 5D 15A 25C 35C 45C 55B 65D 75D 85D 95AB 105C 115B 125B 135D 145C 155B 165D 175B 6D 16BD 26C 36C 46C 56C 66BA 76C 86D 96C 106D 116C 126B 136D 146A 156B 166C 176A 7A 17D 27A 37C 47C 57A 67B 77C 87A 97C 107A 117B 127D 137B 147B 157C 167B 177A 8D 18A 28C 38D 48D 58A 68D 78B 88A 98C 108D 118A 128C 138B 148A 158A 168B 178C 9C 19C 29A 39D 49A 59BD 69C 79C 89A 99B 109C 119B 129A 139D 149C 159A 169B 179A 10D 20B 30A 40D 50C 60D 70A 80B 90CC 100D 110B 120A 130A 140A 150C 160B 170A 180D

p n khng phi ng 100% u nh c th 1 s p n sai Bn c cho kin v cu . Mnh v mt s ngi s xem li. Cm n bn gip . Chc bn thnh cng.

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CHUYN 6: ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Do thi gian gp rt v trnh bn thn cn nhiu hn ch, mi cu hi mnh gii theo phng n ca kin c nhn cho l nhanh v d hiu nht, ng thi c nhng phn tch v nh gi v cc cu. Xin lu ngoi nhng phng php gii nh trnh by trn, vn cn c nhng phng n gii c th sai hoc cha gn => Chnh v th bi vit ch mang tnh cht minh ha, hng dn, trn c s gip cc bn c ci nhn chuyn su v cc phng php v c th p dng cho cc bi ton tng t t rn luyn mnh. Mt khc, kin thc Ha hc rt rng nn cc phng php gii trn c th p dng nhiu cho cc bi tp tng t do vy bn cn lm vng kin thc gii quyt cc yu cu t ra ca bi thi. Bn cnh cc phng php gii s gip hc cch tnh nhm, nhanh, mo v to kinh nghim i thi cc cng thc mo gip bn hon thnh thi vi kt ta tt. Hi vng bi vit ny s p ng c s k vng ca cc bn c Rt mong nhn c cc kin phn hi ca bn, gio vin mnh c th hon thin tt gio n ny. n c th tr thnh ti liu hc tp cho cc bn . Cng nh chun b hnh trang bc vo cng trng H C l mt bc m tin ti thnh cng sau ny. Mi kin phn hi xin gi v a ch : Hieu_100293@yahoo.com Chc cc bn hc sinh thi tt, chc cc thy c gio dy tt !! Thn tng bn. Hiu Thay i l quy lut sng. Nhng ai ch vit nhn vo qu kh v hin tri chc chn s nh mt tng lai. Hu ht mi ngi b cuc khi thnh cng ti rt gn. H b cuc khi ch cn cch ch mt mt. H b cuc ngay khi cuc chi ch cn li mt pht, khi d chm c mt tay vo chin thng. Mi ngi bo ti l ngi cu ton, nhng iu khng chnh xc. Ti ch l ngi lun tm kim s hon thin. Ti lun lm mt vic g cho ti khi hon thnh xong, ri sau , ti li chuyn sang vic khc. Bn c ban cho i chn mi ln bn mc li khi bc chn tri ln, chn phi s a bn li ng ng.

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