iu khin cc thit b in t xa qua mng Internet

Phm Duy Hng

Trng i hc Cng ngh Lun vn Thc s ngnh: K thut in t; M s: 60 52 70 Ngi hng dn: PGS.TS Trn Quang Vinh Nm bo v: 2012
Abstract: Nghin cu v thit k h thng iu khin t xa thit b in qua mng internet. Tm hiu cm bin o dng in s dng hiu ng Hall. M t vi iu khin PIC16F877A. Nghin cu khi giao tip v truyn d liu E2U (Ethernet to UART). Cc phng php o dng in xoay chiu. Tin hnh thc nghim: cc bc thc hin v kt qu. Keywords: K thut in t; Thit b in; Cm bin in; Mng INTERNET Content PHN 1: L THUYT CHNG 1: NGHIN CU V THIT K H THNG IU KHIN T XA THIT B IN QUA MNG INTERNET 1.1. Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng

Di y l hnh 1 trnh by s nguyn l hot ng ca h thng iu khin ng ngt thit b ta nh qua mng Internet.

Module iu khin TV

Ngi dng Mng Ethernet

T lnh

My git Cn h Port 1024

L vi sng Module iu khin Ngi dng

HW

Internet
Tng la Router IP: 203.113.130.218 T lnh

TV

My git Cn h Port 1026

L vi sng Ngi dng Module iu khin

HW

TV

T lnh

My git Cn h Port 1028

Hnh 1.1: S hot ng ca h thng iu khin thit b qua mng Internet Trong s ny, cc thit b trong mi cn h ca ta nh nh bng n, my git, tivi, t lnh, l vi sng... s c kt ni n cc u vo/ra ca b iu khin. B iu khin ny sau c kt ni ti b nh tuyn (Router) ca ta nh thng qua mng Ethernet LAN ri t kt ni vi Internet. Mi b iu khin trong ta nh c xc nh bi cp a ch IP -Port ca router , do cc my tnh bt k trn mng Internet c th kt ni chnh xc ti mi b iu khin ny. Ngi dng, vi phn mm c ci trn my tnh, khi kt ni vi Internet c th truy cp vo h thng v tng tc iu khin cc thit b mt cch d dng. Vic iu khin y l hai chiu, trong , ngi dng khng ch n thun gi lnh iu khin ng ngt m cn c th gim st c thit b nh thng tin phn hi t cc thit b v trng thi lm vic hin ti . Chi tit cu trc phn cng v phn mm ca h thng se trinh b y sau y . 1.2. Nguyn l lm vic ca module iu khin M un iu khin t xa qua mng Internet c trnh by trong hnh 1.2 di y :

Ethernet RJ45 HR911105A

Khi E2U Vi iu khin PIC18F67J60-I/PT Vi iu khin PIC16F887A

Khi PaC Tng cng sut Thit b cn iu khin

Khi phn hi

H nh 1.2: S chc nng b iu khin qua mng Internet Theo s , b iu khin bao gm 2 khi: khi E2U (Ethernet to UART) giao tip vi mng internet v truyn d liu u ra theo chun RS232, v khi PaC ( Process and Control) thc hin vic x l d liu ri xut tn hiu iu khin thit b qua tng cng sut, khi phn hi s dng vi x l ACS712. H thng c m t nh sau: Module Ethernet lm nhim v chuyn cc k t nhn c t Ethenet (ng IP v Port) ra cng UART ca module v ngc li. PIC 16F887 s nhn cc k t t module Ethernet, phn tch cc k t v a ra quyt nh ng m r le tng ng. IC ULN2003 lm nhim v m dng iu khin r le Module phn hi dng cm bin ACS712 lm nhim v nhn bit dng in i vo thit b, a tn hiu v h thng. 1.3. Phn tch tnh nng phn hi ca h thng H thng yu cu thit b phi c phn hi trng thi u ra v trung tm bng cch cm nhn dng in tiu th ti li ra. CHNG 2: NGHIN CU V TM HIU CM BIN O DNG IN S DNG HIU NG HALL 2.1 L thuyt v hiu ng Hall:

Hiu ng Hall l mt hiu ng vt l c thc hin khi p dng mt t trng vung gc ln mt bn lm bng kim loi hay cht bn dn hay cht dn in ni chung (thanh Hall) ang c dng in chy qua. Lc ngi ta nhn c hiu in th (hiu th Hall) sinh ra ti hai mt i din ca thanh Hall. T s gia hiu th Hall va dng in chy qua thanh Hall gi l in tr Hall, c trng cho vt liu lm nn thanh Hall. Hiu ng ny c khm ph bi Edwin Herbert Hall vo nm 1879. 2.2 Gii thiu vi mch Hall cm bin dng ACS712

IC cm bin dng tuyn tnh da vo hiu ng Hall, c tch hp y vi cht dn dng in tr thp v cch in 2.1kV RMS.

Dng ng gi v s khi ACS712 c ng gi theo dng SOIC-8

Hnh 2.3: Vi mch ACS712

Hnh 2.4: S nguyn l mch cm bin ACS172 Nhn s trn ta thy bn trong cm bin c tch hp sn b b th offset v cc b khuych i tn hiu. T lc CF kt hp vi cc tr ni to thnh b lc RC ngay trc b m u ra gip gim suy hao do st p trn b lc. ng thi t CF cng xc nh bandwidth ca cm bin. c im: ng tn hiu analog nhiu thp. Bng thng ca thit b c thit nh thng qua chn FILTER mi. Thi gian tng ca ng ra p ng vi dng ng vo l 5s. Bng thng 80kHz. Tng li ng ra ti TA = 25C l 1.5%. Dng ng gi SOIC8 vi cc chn nh. in tr dy dn trong 1.2m. in p cch in ti thiu 2.1kV RMS t chn 1-4 n chn 5-8. Ngun vn hnh n 5V.

 nhy ng ra t 66 n 185mV/A. in p ng ra tng ng vi dng DC hoc AC. in p offset (lch) ng ra cc k n nh. S tr t gn bng zero. Ng ra t l trc tip vi ng vo t ngun cung cp. M t v IC: ACS712 Allegro cung cp gii php kinh t v chnh xc cho vic cm ng dng AC hoc DC trong cc h thng cng nghip, thng mi v lin lc. Dng ng gi ca thit b cho php ngi s dng d dng lp t. ng dng tiu biu bao gm iu khin ng c, qun l v pht hin ti, ngun cung cp ch switch, v bo v li qu dng. Thit b ny khng s dng cho cc ng dng trong t. Thit b bao gm mch in Hall tuyn tnh, lch thp v chnh xc vi ng dy dn ng c t gn b mt ca lp v. Dng in c cung cp i qua phn dy ng s to ra mt trng in t m IC s chuyn i thnh in p tng ng. Thit b c ti u ha mt cch chnh xc thng qua cc tn hiu t rt gn n b bin i Hall. Mt in p tng ng (proportional), chnh xc c cung cp bi IC Hall BiCMOS lch thp, b to xung c n nh m c lp trnh chnh xc sau khi ng gi. Ng ra ca thit b c 1 cnh (sn) dng (> VIOUT(Q)) khi tng dng in i qua phn dy ng th cp (t chn 1 v 2, n chn 3 v 4), l phn c dng ly mu dng in. in tr trong ca phn dn in ny l 1.2m, tiu th ngun thp. B dy ca dy ng cho php thit b c th chu c n 5 ln iu kin qu dng. Cc u ca phn dn in c cch in vi cc u tn hiu (chn 5 n chn 8). iu ny cho php ACS712 c dng trong cc ng dng c yu cu cch in m khng dung opto cch in hoc cc k thut cch in t tin khc. ACS712 c cung cp trong dng ng gi SOIC8 dng b mt nh. Cc khung chn ca thit b c m vi 100% thic m n ph hp vi tiu chun RoSH. Thic b ny c hiu chun y ti nh my trc khi xut xng. CHNG 3: VI IU KHIN PIC16F877A

Vi iu khin PIC16F877A c s dng trong lun vn ng vai tr l IC iu khin ton b thit b. Cc ti liu chi tit v vi iu khin ny c nh sn xut cung cp y trn trang ch ca hng [5]. c im c bn ca h vi iu khin PIC16F877A Dng PIC16F877A c rt nhiu chc nng mnh, nhng trong gii hn ca ti, ti ch tp trung tm hiu v: - c im tng qut. - S khi, s chn, chc nng ca cc chn. - Cc c im ni bt ca cc cng vo ra. - Cch t chc b nh, gii thiu cc thanh ghi hay dng trong qu trnh lp trnh. - B chuyn i tn hiu tng t sang s. - Cc giao tip truyn thng SPI, UART.

3.1. c im tng qut ca vi iu khin PIC16F877A PIC16F877A l mt trong 4 dng vi iu khin 8 bt ca Microchip ra i nm 2007 vi nhng c im in hnh nh sau: Vng hot ng: - in p nui thp: t 3,0 n 5 V. - Xung nhp h tr t 1 n 5 MIPS. - Di nhit hot ng t -40oC n 125oC. Vi iu khin hiu sut cao: - C kin trc Harvard. - Tp lnh ti u cho trnh bin dch ngn ng C. - 8 btd liu, 24 bt cho lnh. - B nh chng trnh c th nh a ch ln ti bn triu t lnh. - B nh d liu: 64 kbyte. - 83 tp lnh c s, hu ht x l trong mt chu k. - Hai b tch ly 40 bt. - H tr php nhn chia 8 bt. Truy cp b nh trc tip: - H tr n tm knh. - 2 Kbyte b nh m. - Hu ht cc ngoi vi u h tr truy nhp b nh trc tip. B nh thi / B so snh/ B iu ch rng xung - C n nm b nh thi 8 bt, cho php ghp hai b thnh b nh thi 32 bt. - Mt b nh thi chy vi thnh anh ngoi 32,768 kHz. - Bn b FIFO cho mi b bt tn hiu. - B so snh 8 bt. B iu khin ngt: - tr nm chu k my. - H tr 53 ngun ngt, ba ngt ngoi, by mc u tin lp trnh c. Cng vo ra s: - Cho php chn chc nng ngoi vi ca tng chn. - 31 chn cho php nh thc vi iu khin khi pht hin thay i in p. - Cc chn li vo u h tr n 5V. - Cc chn li ra h tr ra ngun 5V ch cc gp h. Flash v SRAM: - Flash 8 kbyte. - SRAM: 256 byte. - B nh flash chia thnh cc phn Boot, Secure, General Security. Qun l h thng: - C nhiu ch ly xung dao ng. - B n ngun 2,5V c t ngay trn vi iu khin. B chuyn i tng t sang s: - 10 bt: Tc 1,1 Msps. - 12 bt: Tc 500 ksps.

- 9 knh ADC, c th nhn ADC trong ch ng. B chuyn i s sang tng t: - 8 bt, hai knh. - Tc ly mu ti 100 ksps. Cng ngh CMOS: - Tiu th nng lng thp, cng ngh Flash tc nhanh. Cc ngoi vi giao tip: - SPI: 8 bit, 8 bt, h tr tt c cc nh dng ng h ni tip. - I2C: Cho php nh a ch 7 bt, 10 bt. Kh nng d v phn x xung t ng truyn. - UART: c hai b, rng FIFO bn k t. - CAN: 32 b m nhn, 16 b lc nhn, ba mt n. - PMP: H tr tm b, 8 btd liu, 8 btng a ch. - CRC: C 8 byte hng i, 16 bit cho d liu u vo. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. S khi, s chn, chc nng ca cc chn Cc cng vo ra Cc module giao tip T chc b nh

3.6.

Cu hnh dao ng ca PIC16F877A

CHNG 4: KHI GIAO TIP INTERNET V TRUYN D LIU E2U

Khi E2U c thit k ch yu bao gm u ni RJ45 HR911105A [1] ca hng Hanrun v vi iu khin PIC16F67J60-I/PT [2] ca hng Microchip.

Hnh 4.1: S mch nguyn l ca khi E2U CHNG 5: CC PHNG PHP O DNG IN XOAY CHIU 5.1 Phn loi cc phng php o dng in xoay chiu c 3 phng php l: - o trc tip: dng cc dng c o dng in nh ampe k, o trc tip v c k t qu trn thang chia ca dng c o. - o gin tip: dng volt k o in p ri trn mt in tr chun mc trong mch c dng in chy qua, thng qua phng php tnh ton s c c gi tr dng in cn o. - Phng php so snh: so snh dng in cn o vi dng in mu, trng thi cn bng ca dng in cn o v dng in mu, s c c kt qu trn mu. Da vo cc c tnh ca dng in th ta c nhng loi phng php o dng sau:

- Phng php o th st trn mt in tr shunt. in tr ny thng c chnh xc cao. in p st qua in tr t l thun vi dng in cn o.

in tr Shunt

Dng in cn o

Hnh 5.1: Nguyn tc o dng bng in tr Shunt 5.2 Thut ton o dng in xoay chiu hiu dng

in p ca cm bin ra tuyn tnh t 0V n +5V tng ng vi dng vo t -20A n +20A (Dng vo 0A th th ra l +2.5V). Viout = + 2.5 (Vol)

I = 8*Viout 20 (Ampe) u ra ca cm bin c ni vo ADC ca vi iu khin nn in p Viout c tnh nh sau: Viout = 5* (Vol)

Trong Vref ca ADC l +5V, phn gii ADC l 10 bit. Dng in hiu dng c tnh theo cng thc: IRMS = Trong I(i) l cc mu ca dng in xoay chiu. N l s mu ly trong mt chu k, N cng ln kt qu cng chnh xc.

Thut ton o dng hiu dng cho li in 50Hz:

i=0

Delay 1ms

I(i) = read ADC

i ++

i = 20
Sai

ng

IRMS =

1 N

N i=0

I(i)

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PHN II: THC NGHIM CHNG 6: CC BC THC HIN V KT QU 6.1. Thit k ch to phn cng h thng

Hnh 6.1: S mch ca h thng M t h thng:

Cc li ra xoay chiu s c ni tip vi cm bin ACS712. Cc cm bin ny c cp bn ngun +5VDC v tnh hiu li ra t l tuyn tnh vi dng in qua cm bin.

Cc u ra in p ca cm bin c c bi b ADC ca vi iu khin PIC 16F887. T vi iu khin bit c gi tr dng in ti (I PEAK v IRMS) Gi tr dng in o c s c so snh vi ngng quyt nh ni dung ca gi tin phn hi v trung tm.

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Nu s dng thm mt bin p h th ni vo 220VAC va cp ngun 1 chiu cho mch, va h tr o in p ca li in xoay chiu th ta c th tnh c cng sut tiu th ca ti vi chnh xc nht nh.

ng gi thit b Hnh nh c th ca cc bo mch sau khi c lp rp cc linh kin v hp thit b c trnh by trong cc hnh 6.9, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12

Hnh 6.9: Mt trn bo mch ca thit b

Hnh 6.10: Mt di bo mch ca thit b

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Hnh 6.11: Hnh chi tit v tr 4 cm bin ACS712 6.2. Thut ton cho phn mm iu khin 6.3. Phn mm giao din iu khin trn my tnh PC Phn mm giao din c vit bng ngn ng VB6. Bao gm mt s chc nng c bn: - Nhp a ch IP v PORT ca thit b cn kt ni. Hin th gi tr dng in nhn c t thit b. C nt bt tt bn thit b tng ng.

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6.3.1 Giao din chng trnh

Hnh 6.13: Giao din chng trnh 6.3.2 Giao din chng trnh khi hot ng

Hnh 6.14: Giao din khi m ti l bng n 25W Kt qu thc nghim iu khin thit b in t xa qua mng Internet nh sau:

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Thit b p ng lnh iu khin t my tnh trong thi gian di 1 giy (th nghim kt ni t xa qua mng Internet ca VDC v qua 3G ca Mobifone). Thc hin php o dng in tiu th trn thit b bng phn mm iu khin cho gi tr sai s di 4% so vi gi tr o c trn ng h Multimeter. PHN 3: KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN TI

CHNG 7: NHNG VN GII QUYT V NGHIN CU C QUA LUN VN Sau qu trnh thc hin lun vn, ti tm hiu v gii quyt c nhng vn l: - Nghin cu v thit k h thng iu khin t xa thit b in qua mng internet c tnh nng phn hi trng thi hot ng ca thit b - Tm hiu cc phng php o dng in xoay chiu. S dng c IC o dng in chuyn dng nh ACS712. o c gi tr dng in xoay chiu trong khong thi gian di. - Tm hiu cu trc phn cng cng nh lp trnh kim sot mt vi iu khin PIC16F877A. T xy dng thnh cng h thng o dng in xoay chiu vi tin cy t c trong thi gian di. - Tm hiu v lp trnh giao tip vi m un ETHERNET TO UART qua cng giao tip ni tip khng ng b UART. - T cc kin thc nghin cu, h thng o dng in c ti xy dng bao gm phn cng v phn mm qun l vi nhng tnh nng sau: 1.1. V phn cng: + Thit b cho php ngun nui c in p vo di rng, ln ti 60V. + C cc linh kin bo v thit b khi ngi dng cm ngc ngun. + Nh vic h tr cc giao thc truyn thng ethernet, thit b d dng ghp ni vo cc mng iu khin cng nghip. + H tr cc cng g ri, thun tin cho cc k s pht trin sa cha, nng cp firmware. 1.2. V phn mm: + Phn mm n gin, trc quan, thn thin vi ngi dng. N th hin qua vic b t r cc nt bm chc nng, th hin th. 1.3. Nhng vn cn tn ti ca ti v hng gii quyt. Gim thiu sai s php o:Nguyn nhn sai s xut pht t hai yu t chnh - Bn thn thit b o c sai s do qu trnh ly mu ADC. - Cm bin o dng cng gy ra sai s c bit l vi cc dng din c gi tr nh. Cch khc phc: S dng nhiu u o v ly gi tr trung bnh ca cc u o. Trn mi u o, phn mm s c tch hp thm phn lc nhiu ADC bng cch ly nhiu mu v chia trung bnh, s dng b lc thng thp bc ba vi mt nghn mu u vo. Bo mt d liu v m bo tnh ton vn ca d liu. Nguyn nhn: - Mng Ethernet i khi khng n nh, lm mt gi tin trong qu trnh kt ni. - D liu c gi i di dng vn bn. Cch khc phc: - Tch hp thm c ch sa li v bo nhn vi tng bn tin. 1 bn tin c th c gi nhiu ln - M ha bn tin trc khi gi bng thut ton o m k t.

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- Chn thm thng tin v tnh CRC, checksum v. v 1.4. Hng pht trin ca bi lun vn ti xy dng c nhng nn tng ban u ca vic gim st v truyn d liu v cc thng s ca in nng thng qua m ng ethernet. Trong tng lai, p dng vo thc t, thit b cn ti u ha phn cng, gim thiu sai s o lng, loi b cc khi chc nng khng cn thit h gi thnh sn phm. ng thi sn phm cng phi h tr cc h tng mng tin tin nh GPRS/3G, m bo tc nhanh v khng b mt d liu, chi ph r. Gii php ny sau khi c hon thin s c kh nng thay th cc gii php ghi s liu in nng truyn thng. ng thi n cng xy dng c c s d liu ln phc v cho vic pht trin cc dch v gi tr gia tng khc. Phn mm qun l phi c vit li di dng ng dng web hoc h tr chy trn cc nn tng di ng phc v s ng ngi dng. Ngoi ra, phn mm cng s c tch hp thm cc tnh nng mi nh d on v cng sut tiu th, a ra cc gii php tit kim in cho tng khch hng da trn c s d liu v thi quen s dng ca khch hng. References 1. Tran Quang Vinh, Pham Manh Thang, Phung Manh Duong, Controlling Communication Network in the Building Automation System, Journal of Science,Vietnam National University, pp.129-140, Vol.26, 2010. 2. Nguyn Kim Giao (2004), K Thut S, NXB HQG. 3. Trn Quang Vinh, ti Nghin cu thit k, ch to cc cu kin v h thng t ng ha phc v gim st, iu khin, iu hnh cho cc ta nh cao tng (nh cng ch v dn dng), m s: KC.03.12/06-10. Website: 4. http://www.alldatasheets.com 5. http://www.microchip.com 6. http://www.picvietnam.com 7. http://www.hanrun.com/hren/product.asp?id=322

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