1

1
Cn bng phn ng oxi ho - kh:
nh ngha: S oxi ho l in tch ca nguyn t trong phn t, nu gi nh lin kt trong phn t l lin kt ion. Cc quy tc tnh s oxi ho: Quy tc 1: Trong n cht s oxi ho ca nguyn t bng khng. lu : lin kt gia 2 nguyn t cng mt nguyn t khng tnh s oxi ho. Quy tc 2: Trong hp cht, tng s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t bng khng. Vd: trong phn t SO2: S oxi ho ca S + 2.S oxi ho ca O = 0. Quy tc 3: Trong ion n nguyn t s oxi ho ca nguyn t bng in tch ca ion . Quy tc 4: Trong ion a nguyn t, tng s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t bng in tch ion . H qu quan trng: Trong hp cht: - s oxi ho ca O thng l - 2, H l + 1. - S oxi ho ca kim loi bng ho tr ca kim loi nhng c du +. - S oxi ho ca cc nguyn t trung tm mt s ion thng gp : S O 2 , N O , N H +| . 4 3 4 Phng php thng bng electron: Nguyn tc: S electron cht kh nhng = S electron ca cht oxi ho nhn. Phng php: c 5 bc: Bc 1: - Ghi s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t c s oxi ho thay i. VD: Fe +
0 +6 +5 3

H N O3 Fe(NO 3 ) 3
+5

+5

+3

N O2

+4

+ H 2O.

Bc 2: - Xc nh cht oxi ho v cht kh. cht c s oxi ho tng l cht kh. Cht c s oxi ho gim l cht oxi ho. Vi VD trn: - Cht oxi ho l N trong HNO3. - Cht kh l Fe . Bc 3: - Vit s qu trnh nhng v nhn electron. Vi VD trn: Qu trnh nhng electron: Fe Fe Qu trnh nhn electron:
+5

3+

3e.
+4

N + 1e N.
0 +3

Lu : s e nhng hoc nhn = s oxi ho ln s oxi ho b. Bc 4: - Cn bng s electron cho v electron nhn. 1x Fe Fe + 3e. Bc 5: - a h s vo phn ng. Theo th t sau: - H s ca cht oxi ho v cht kh(kim loi, sn phm kh). - Cn bng gc axit(cn bng N, S trong gc..). - Cn bng H2O(cn bng H). Bc 6: - Kim tra s nguyn t oxi 2 v ca phn ng.

N + 1e 3x N

+5

+4

1.Cn bng cc phn ng sau bng phng php thng bng electron. . 1. Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O 2. FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O 3. FeS + O2 + SO2 to Fe2O3 4. Fe + H2SO4 c Fe2(SO4)3 + H2S + H2O 6. H2O2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 O2 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O 8. K2SO3 + KMnO4 + KHSO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O 5. Ca3(PO4)2 + SiO2 + C + CaSiO3+ CO to P4 6. FeS2 + HNO3 + HCl to FeCl3 + H2SO4 + NO + H2O 10.K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4+ H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3+ K2SO4 + Fe2(SO4)3+ H2O C. 1. FexOy + HCl FeCl2y/x + H 2O 5. MxOy + HNO3 M(NO3)n + NO + H2O 6. FexOy + H2SO4 c to Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O 7. M2(CO3)n + HNO3 M(NO3)m + NO + CO2 + H2O 8. Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O 10. FexOy + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NnOm + H2O Bi 2. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau. A. 1. F2 + H2O 2. HF + SiO2

2
3. Cl2 + H2O 5. Cl2 + dd NaOH 7. KClO3 + C to 9. dd NaCl dp 17. FeSO4 + dd Br2 19. FexOy + HCl 21. H2S + dd Cl2 23. Fe + H2SO4 c to 29. H2S + O2 to dkt 31. dd H2S + O2 33. Fe3O4 + H2SO4 c 3.Bi tp v phn ng oxi ho - kh: 4. MnO2 + dd HCl 6. Fe + Cl2 8. Cl2 + dd NaBr 10. Br2 + dd KOH to 18. Fe3O4 + Cl2 + H2SO4 long 20. FeCl2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 22. Cu + H2SO4 c to 24. FeS2 + O2 to 30. CuS + O2 to 32. Fe3O4 + H2SO4 long 34. FexOy + H2SO4 long

Cu 1. Cho 10 gam hn hp cc kim loi Mg v Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl long d thu c 3,733 lit H2(kc). Thnh phn % ca Mg trong hn hp l: A. 50%. B. 35%. C. 20%. D. 40%. Cu 2. Mt hn hp gm 13 gam km v 5,6 gam st tc dng vi dung dch axit sunfuric long d. Th tch kh hidro (ktc) c gii phng sau phn ng l. A. 2,24 lit. B. 4,48 lit. C. 6,72 lit. D. 67,2 lit. Cu 3. Cho 4,05 gam Al tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 thu V lt N2O (kc) duy nht. Gi tr V l A. 2,52 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 1,26 lt. Cu 4: Hn hp X gm Fe v Cu, trong Cu chim 43,24% khi lng. Cho 14,8 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c V lt kh (ktc) bay ra. Gi tr ca V l A. 1,12 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 4,48 lt. Cu 5: Ho tan hon ton 1,5 gam hn hp bt Al v Mg vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt H 2 (kc). Phn % khi lng ca Al trong hn hp l A. 60%. B. 40%. C. 30%. D. 80%. Cu 6: Ho tan m gam Fe trong dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56, H = 1, Cl = 35,5) A. 2,8. B. 1,4. C. 5,6. D. 11,2. Cu 7: Ho tan 6,4 gam Cu bng axit H2SO4 c, nng (d), sinh ra V lt kh SO 2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 4,48. B. 6,72. C. 3,36. D. 2,24. Cu 8: Ho tan m gam Al bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 5,40. D. 1,35. Cu 9: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch HNO 3 long (d), sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 6,72. B. 4,48. C. 2,24. D. 3,36. Cu 10: Cho 10 gam hn hp gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lt kh hiro ( ktc), dung dch X v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l (Cho H = 1, Fe = 56, Cu = 64) A. 6,4 gam. B. 3,4 gam. C. 5,6 gam. D. 4,4 gam. Cu 11: Cho 20 gam hn hp bt Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c 1 gam kh H 2 bay ra. Lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l bao nhiu gam ? A. 40,5g. B. 45,5g. C. 55,5g. D. 60,5g. Cu 12: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c, ngui), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 15,6. B. 10,5. C. 11,5. D. 12,3. Cu 13. Cho 1,86 gam hn hp Al v Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d th thu c 560 ml lt kh N2O (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) bay ra. Khi lng mui nitrat to ra trong dung dch l: A. 40,5 gam. B. 14,62 gam. C. 24,16 gam. D. 14,26 gam Cu14. Bao nhiu gam Cu tc dng va vi clo to ra 27 gam CuCl2? A. 12,4 gam B. 12,8 gam. C. 6,4 gam. D. 25,6 gam. Cu 15: t 1 lng nhm(Al) trong 6,72 lt O2. Cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho ho tan hon ton vo dung dch HCl thy bay ra 6,72 lt H2 (cc th tch kh o kc). Khi lng nhm dng l A. 8,1gam. B. 16,2gam. C. 18,4gam. D. 24,3gam. Cu 16: Cho 16,2 g kim loi M c ha tr n tc dng vi 0,15 mol O 2.Cht rn thu c sau phn ng em ha tan vo dd HCl d thy thot ra 13,44 lt H2 (ktc).Vy kim loi M l: A.Mg B.Ca C.Al D.Fe