11 Nangcao

CHNG 5: HIROCACBON NO
Bi 33 : ANKAN :
NG NG, NG PHN V DANH PHP
I. Hc sinh chun b tr li cc cu hi:
Cu 1: ng ng, ng phn v bc cacbon ca ankan
Cu 2: Xc nh cch gi tn ankan khng phn nhnh, phn nhnh
II. Cc kin thc t hc:
-V ng ng:
-V ng phn:
-V danh php:
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
Cc kin thc ca hc sinh ghi ch
I. ng ng, ng phn:
1. ng ng :
- mtan , etan , propan hp thnh dy ng ng gi l
dy ng ng ca mtan .
- Gm cc hp cht CnH2n+2 (n>1)
- Ankan l nhng hircacbon no, mch h, trong phn
t ch c lin kt n.
2. ng phn :
a/ ng phn mch cacbon:
T C4H10 tr i c ng phn mch cacbon
Vd:
b/ Bc ca Cacbon
H H
H
H H

I
II
II
II
H - C C C C CI H

H H
H
H H
Ankan khng phn nhnh
H H
CH3 CH3 H

I
II
III
IV
H C C C C CI H

H H
H
CH3 H
Ankan phn nhnh
- Bc ca nguyn t C phn t ankan bng s nguyn
t C lin kt trc tip vi n
- Ankan khng phn nhnh ch cha C bc I , II
- Ankan phn nhn trong phn t cha C bc III , IV.
II. DANH PHP (Theo IUPAC )
1. Ankan mch khng phn nhnh
CH4 : Metan
C6H14 : Hexan
C2H6 : Etan
C7H16 : Heptan
C3H8 : Propan
C8H18 : Octan
C4H10 : Butan
C9H20 : Nonan
C5H12 : Petan
C10H20 : Dekan
Tn gc ankyl :
i ui an thnh yl
CnH2n+2 H CnH2n+1
( ankan)
( gc ankyl
1
2. Ankan c nhnh :
- Chn mch C di nht lm mch chnh.
- nh s th t sao cho v tr nhnh nh nht.
-c tn theo mu.
++
V d :
CH3 CH CH2 CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 C CH CH2 CH3
CH3 C2H5
..
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ Vit ng phn, xc nh bc ankan v gi tn theo IUPAC (C5H12, C6H14)
2/ Vit CTCT thu gn ng vi tn gi sau:
3 etyl 2,2,4 trimetylheptan
3/Cc hp cht di y hp cht no l ankan ?
A. C7H14
B. C6H
C. C8H18
D. C5H10
6
4/ Cc hp cht di y, , cht no l ng phn ca nhau:
CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3
CH3
CH2 = CH CH2 CH3
(b)
(a)
CH3
CH3 C CH CH2 CH3 (c)
CH3 C2H5
CH3 CH CH CH3 (d)
CH3 CH3
a/ Cht ng ng l :
A. (b), (c).
B. (a), (d).
C. (a), (c).
D. (b), (d).
b/ Cht ng phn l :
A. (b), (c).
B. (a), (d).
C. (a), (c).
D. (b), (d).
5/ t chy 2,24 lt hn hp 2 ankan ng ng k tip thu c 2,688 lt CO 2.( Cc th tch kh
c o ktc). Phn trm v th tch ca mi cht trong hn hp l:
A. 80% v 20%
B. 50% v 50%
C. 60% v 40%
D. 70% v 30%
==============================================
Bi 34 : ANKAN :
CU TRC PHN T V TNH CHT VT L
2

Cu 1: Cu trc phn t ankan
Cu 2: Tnh cht vt l ankan
II. Cc kin thc t hc :
- V cu trc phn t ankan...................................................................................................................
- V tnh cht vt l ankan.......................................................................................................................
III. Ni dung bi hc
Ni dung bi hc

H
C
H
H
I/ Cu trc phn t ankan
1/ S hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t ankan
-Cc nguyn t C ankan trng thi lai ho sp3
-Mi nguyn t C nm trn nh ca t din u m 4
nh l cc nguyn t H hoc C
-Cc lin kt C C ; C H u l lin kt . Hu nh
khng phn cc
- Gc lin kt u gn bng 109,50
2/ Cu trc khng gian ca ankan
a/ M hnh phn t
* M hnh rng :
CH3CH2 CH3
b/ Cu dng
H
H
H
H
Cu dng xen k
Cu dng che khut

H
H
C H
H
H
C H
H
C H
H
C H
Cu dng xen k
Cu dng che khut
II. TNH CHT VT L :
1. Nhit nng chy , nhit si , khi lng ring :
- iu kin thng , cc ankan t C 1 C4 trng thi
kh
3
T C5 C17 : lng ]
T C18 tr i trng thi rn .
-Nhit nng chy , nhit si , kl ring ca cc ankan
tng theo s nguyn t cacbon ( tng theo phn t khi
- Ankan nh hn nc .
2. Tnh tan, mu v mi:
- Ankan khng tan trong nc K nc .
- Ankan l nhng dung mi khng phn cc ha tan
c nhng cht khng phn cc .
- Ankan l nhng cht khng mu .
- C1- C4 l cht kh khng mi, C5-C10 c mi xng, C10C16 c mi du ha, ankan rn rt t bay hi hu nh
khng mi.
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Cc nguyn t trong phn t ankan u nm trong cng mt mt phng.
B. Phn t ankan ch gm cc lin kt n do cc nguyn t cacbon u trng thi lai ha sp3.
C. Phn t ankan ch gm cc lin kt n do cc nguyn t cacbon v hiro u trng thi lai ha
sp3.
D. Kh nng phn ng ca cc ankan l nh nhau do phn t cc ankan c cu to tng t nhau.
2/ Nhn xt no sau y l sai?
A. Nhit nng chy, nhit si v khi lng ring ca cc ankan tng dn theo chiu tng ca
phn t khi.
B. Cc ankan khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu c.
C. Cc ankan c kh nng phn ng cao.
D. Cc ankan u nh hn nc.
3/ Pht biu no sau y l ng ?
A. Cc ankan l nhng cht tan tt trong nc.
B. Cc ankan u c khi lng ring ln hn 1 g/ml.
C. Ankan c ng phn mch cacbon.
D. C 4 ankan ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng cng thc phn t C4H10.
4/ Cho hh ankan sau : pentan( t0s=360C ), heptan( t0s=980C ), octan( t0s=1260C ), nonan( t0s=1510C ).
C th tch ring cc cht khi hh bng cch no sau y ?
A. Chng ct.
B. Kt tinh.
C. Thng hoa.
D. Chit.
5/ Ankan X c % khi lng cacbon bng 82,76%.
a/ Cng thc phn t ca X
A. C3H8
B. C4H10
C. C5H12
D. C4H8
b/ ng vi CTPT c :
A. Mt cht
B. Hai cht
C. Ba cht
D. Bn cht
==============================================
Bi 35 : ANKAN : TNH CHT HA HC, IU CH V NG DNG.
Cu 1:Ankan c nhng tnh cht ha hc c trng no?
Cu 2:Ankan c nhng ng dng g v cch iu ch nh th no?
- V tnh cht ha hc:
- V iu ch v ng dng:..
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I / TNH CHT HO HC : Ankan tng i tr v
mt ho hc : nhit thng chng khng phn ng
4
a
vi axit , baz v cht oxyho mnh ( KMnO4 )

1. Phn ng th (c trng)
V d :
CH4 + Cl2 as .
CH3Cl + Cl2 as ..
CH2Cl2 + Cl2 as ..
CHCl3 + Cl2 as .
- Cc ng ng : T C3H8 tr i th Clo (nht l brm) u
tin th trong mch.
V d :
C3H8 + Cl2
.
C3H8 + Br2
C ch phn ng halogen ho
L c ch gc- dy chuyn
* Bc khi mo
...................................................................................
* Bc pht trin dy chuyn
.....................................................................................
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
* Bc t dy chuyn :
..............................................................................
2/ Phn ng tch :
( b gy lin kt C-C v C-H )
CH3-CH3 xt,500C
0
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
xt,500
C
* Nhn
xt: ....................................................................................
...
......
...
3. Phn ng Oxi ha :
a. Oxi ho hon ton :
CnH2n+2+ O2 t ...............................................
V d : CH4 + O2 t ...............................................
b. Khng b oxyho bi dung dch KMnO4 nhng nhit
, xc tc thch hp ankan c th b oxi ho khng hon
ton to thnh dn xut cha oxi.
Th d: CH4 +
O2 txt ......................................
II.iu ch v ng dng
1/. iu ch :
a/ Trong cng nghip : ...................................................
b/ Phng th nghim :
CH3COONa + NaOH t .
Al4C3 + H2O ........................................................
0
2/ ng dng :
- T C1 n C20 c ng dng lm nhin liu
- Nhiu Ankan c dng lm dung mi v du bi trn
my
- iu ch cht sinh hn
- Nh tc dng ca nhit v cc phn ng oxy ho khng
hon ton HCHO, ru metylic , axitaxetic v..v
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra khi Isopentan tc dng vi
a/ Cl2( chiu sng, theo t l mol 1 : 1)
b/ Phn ng tch hiro, xt, t0
c/ Phn ng crackinh.
2/ t chy 0,1 mol CxHy 0,1mol CO2 v 0,2mol H2O . Xc nh dy ng ng ca A.
3/ Trong c ch phn ng halogen ha metan c phn ng:
CH3 + Cl
CH3Cl . Phn ng ny thuc:

A. Bc khi mo.
B. Bc pht trin dy chuyn.
C. Bc to sn phm.
D. Bc t dy chuyn (tt mch).
4/ t chy hon ton 2,20 gam mt ankan X thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc). CTPT ca X l:
A. CH4
B. C2H6
C. C3H8
D. C4H10
5/ Cho s phn ng: X CH4 Y. X, Y c cng thc l:
A. CH3COONa, CH3-CH3
C. C4H10, C6H6
B. AlCl3 , H-CHO
D. C3H6, CHCl3
==============================================
BI 36 : XICLOANKAN
Cu 1: Cu trc ca mt s phn t C3H6, C4H8, C5H10, C6H12
Cu 2: ng phn v tn gi ca mono xicloankan (C4H8, C5H10, C6H12)
Cu 3: Xiclo ankan c tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc c trng no ?
Cu 4: Phng php iu ch v ng dng ca xicloankan.
II. Cc kin thc t hc v xicloankan :
- V cu trc, ng phn v danh php...............................................
- V tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc c trng ca xicloankan
- V phng php iu ch v ng dng ca xicloankan.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I/Cu trc ,ng phn ,danh php :
1/ Cu trc phn t ca mt s mono xicloankan
Cng thc phn t v cu trc mt s mono xicloankan
khng nhnh nh sau:
C3H6
C4H8
C5H10
C6H12
* xicloankan l nhng hir cacbon no mch vng.
* Xicloankan c 1 vng ( n vng ) gi l mono
xicloankan c cng thc chung l CnH2n ( n 3 )
* Xicloankan c nhiu vng gi l poli xicloankan
*Tr xiclopropan , phn t xicloankan cc nguyn t
cacbon khng cng nm trn mt mt phng
2/ ng phn v cch gi tn monoxicloankan :
6
a/ Quy tc :
S ch v trtn nhnhXiclo+tn mch
chnh + an
- Mch chnh l mch vng .
- nh s sao cho cc s ch v tr cc mch nhnh
l nh nht
b/ Th d :
Mt s xicloankan ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t
C6H12
II/ Tnh cht :

1/ Tnh cht vt l
- Nhit nng chy , nhit si tng dn theo
chiu tng ca M
- u khng mu khng tan trong nc nhng tan
trong dung mi hu c
2/ Tnh cht ho hc :
a/ Phn ng cng m vng ca xiclopropan v
xiclobutan
0
+ H2
Ni,80
C
+ Br2
+ HBr .
Xiclobutan ch cng vi hidro :
Ni ,120 0 C
+H2 ..
- Xicloankan vng 5,6 cnh tr ln khng c phn ng
cng m vng trong nhng iu kin trn
b/Phn ng th : tng t ankan
+ Cl2
as
.
0
+ Br2
C/ Phn ng oxyho:
CnH2n + O2 ............................................................
C6H12 + O2 ..............................................................
III/ iu ch v ng dng :
1/ iu ch : Ngoi vic tch trc tip t qu trnh chng
ct du m , xicloankan cn c iu ch t ankan , th
d :
7
CH3[CH2]4CH3 t, xt .............................................
2/ ng dng : Ngoi vic dng lm nhin liu nh
ankan , xicloankan cn c dng lm dung mi , lm
nguyn liu iu ch cc cht khc , th d :
0
t, xt
+ 3H2
IV. Luyn tp:

1/ Tm cu ng:
A. Xicloankan l nhng hirocacbon mch vng
B. Phn t xiclohexan c 6 nguyn t C cng nm trn mt mt phng
C. Tng t xiclo prpan, xiclobutan c th lm mt mu dd Br2
D. Xiclo ankan vng 5, 6 cnh tr ln khng c phn ng cng m vng vi H2, Br2, HBr.
2/ Metyl xiclopentan c CTCT thu gn nht l:
A.
C.
B.
D.
3/ Cho s sau: Xiclo propan X metan . X l:

A. Propan
B. Butan
C. Cloxicloprpan
D. Bromxicloprpan
4/ Chn ha cht phn bit 2 cht kh xiclopropan v propan.
A. H2 (Ni,t0 )
C. dung dch NaOH
B. dung dch brom
D. dung dch HCl
5/ Oxi ha hon ton 0,224 lt (ktc) ca xicloankan X thu c 1,76 gam kh CO2 . Tm CTCT ca
X, bit X lm mt mu dung dch brom.
==================================================
Bi 37 : LUYN TP .
ANKAN V XICLOANKAN
Cu 1: Danh php, cu trc, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc, iu ch v ng dng ca ankan v
xicloankan
Cu 2: Cc bi tp SGK trang 153
II. Cc kin thc t hc v :
- Danh php, cu trc, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc, iu ch v ng dng ca ankan v
xicloankan.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ankan
xicloankan
CTTQ
Cu trc
Danh php
Tnh cht vt l
Tnh cht ha hc
8
iu ch ng dng
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ Khi cho metyl xiclopentan tc dng vi clo trong iu kin chiu sng c th thu c my dn
xut monoclo? Vit CTCT ca cc sn phm.
2/ S ng phn mch vng ca C6H12 l:
A. 9
B. 10
C. 11
D. 12
3/ Cht c phn ng vi brom l:
A. Xiclopropan
B. Xiclohexan
C. Xiclopentan
D. Xicloheptan
4/ So vi ankan tng ng, cc xicloankan c nhit si th no ?
A. Cao hn.
C. Bng nhau.
B. Thp hn.
D. Khng xc nh c.
5/Xicloankan l:
A. Hirocacbon no mch vng.
C. Hirocacbon no mch h.
B. Hirocacbon no mch thng.
D. Hirocacbon c cng thc chung CnH2n.
6/ Hidrocacbon X C6H12 khng lm mt mu dung dch brom, khi tc dng vi brom to c mt
dn xut monobrom duy nht. Tn ca X l :
A. Xiclohexan
C. 1,3- imetylxiclobutan
B. Metylpentan
D. 1,2- imetylxiclobutan
7/ Xicloankan A c CTPT C5H10 phn ng vi clo (ng sng) thu c dn xut monoclo B. Bit dn
xut monoclo B c 4 ng phn. Cng thc cu to ca A l:
A. metylxiclobutan.
C. 1,2-imetyl xiclopropan.
B. metylxiclopropan.
D. xiclobutan.
8/ Hn hp M cha hai ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 22,20 gam
M cn dng va ht 54,88 lt oxi (ly ktc) to thnh CO 2 v H2O vi khi lng l m(g). Gi tr
ca m l:
A. 9,3 gam.
B. 38,49 gam.
C. 60,36 gam.
D. 48,15 gam.
=========================================
Bi 38 : THC HNH
PHN TCH NH TNH : IU CH V TNH CHT CA METAN
I. Chun b:
1. Dng c :
- ng nghim .
- n cn .
- Nt cao su mt l y va ng nghim .
- ng ht nh git .
- ng dn kh hnh ch L (l1 : 5cm ,l2 : 20 cm ) u nhnh di v c vt nhn .
- B gi th nghim thc hnh ( s v cp g )
- Cc thy tinh 100 200 ml
- Kp ha cht .
- Ga ng nghim 2 tng .
2 Ha cht :
- ng knh (tinh bt , naphtalen v. v)
- CHCl3 hoc CCl4 hoc on v nha bc, dy in c bc ra trn .
- CuO , bt CuSO4 khan .CH3COONa c nghin nh .
- on dy Cu ng knh 0,5 mm di 20 cm
- Vi ti xt (NaOH v CaO ) .
- Dung dch KMnO4 long .
- Dung dch nc brom .
- Dung dch nc vi trong .
II. Ni dung bi hc:
9
Ni dung bi hc
Th nghim 1 : Xc nh s c mt ca C, H trong hp
cht hu c
- Nghin nh khong 0,2 - 0,3g hp cht hu c (ng
knh , bng phin hoc tinh bt ) ri trn u vi 1g bt
CuO . Cho hn hp vo y ng nghim kh . Cho tip 1g
bt CuO ph kn hn hp . t 1 mu bng c rc cc
ht CuSO4 khan phn trn ng nghim . Dy nt c ng
dn kh sc vo ng nghim cha nc vi trong . Lp
dng c nh hnh v .
- Dng n cn nung nng nh ton b ng nghim , sau
un nng mnh phn c cha hn hp phn ng v ghi
li hin tng quan st c .
Th nghim 2 : Nhn bit halogen trong hp cht hu c

a) Ly mt mu dy ng di 20 cm c ng knh
khong 0,5 mm v cun thnh hnh l xo khong 5 cm .
t nng phn l xo trn ngn la n cn n khi ngn
la khng cn nhum mu xanh l m .
b) Nhng phn l xo vo ng nghim ng hp cht hu
c c cha halogen nh CHCl3 , CCl4 , C6H5Br , hoc p
phn l xo nng vo v bc dy in hay mu dp
nha ri t phn l xo trn ngn la n cn . Quan
st mu ngn la
Th nghim 3 : iu ch v th mt vi tnh cht ca
metan
Nghin nh 1 g CH3COONa khan cng vi 2 g vi
ti xt ( CaO + NaOH ) ri cho vo y ng nghim c
lp ng dn kh ( ging nh hnh 5.5) . un nng t t ,
sau un nng mnh phn ng nghim c cha hn hp
phn ng ng thi ln lt lm cc thao tc :
- a u ng dn kh sc vo dung dch KMnO4 1% .
- a u ng dn kh sc vo nc brom .
- a que dim ang chy ti u ng dn kh .
V . NI DUNG TNG TRNH TH NGHIM
1. Tn HS : Lp :
2. Tn bi thc hnh : Phn tch nh tnh. iu ch v tnh cht ca metan.
3. Ni dung tng trnh:
Trnh by tm tt cch tin hnh th nghim, m t hin tng quan st c, gii thch, vit pthh
(nu c) cc th nghim sau:
Th nghim 1 : Xc nh s c mt ca C, H trong hp cht hu c.
Th nghim 2 : Nhn bit halogen trong hp cht hu c.
Th nghim 3 : iu ch v th mt vi tnh cht ca metan.
=========================================
CHNG 6: HIROCACBON KHNG NO
Bi 39 : ANKEN:
DANH PHP, CU TRC V NG PHN
Cu 1: ng ng v danh php
Cu 2: Cu trc v ng phn
10
- V ng ng v danh php
- V cu trc v ng phn
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I. NG NG, DANH PHP :
1.Dy ng ng v tn thng thng ca anken :
- Etilen (C2H4), propilen(C3H6),butilen(C4H10) u c
mt lin kt i C=C , chng hp thnh dy ng ng
gi l dy ng ng ca etilen
- CT chung l : CnH2n ( n 2 )
* Tn thng thng :
Tn ankan tng ng (i ui vn an thnh vn
ilen)
V d :
CH2=CH-CH3
CH2=C(CH3 )-CH3
.
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 ,
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3
..
....
Nhm : CH2=CH- c gi l nhm vinyl
2. Tn thay th :
a.Quy tc :
- Chn mch chnh l mch C di nht c cha lk i
- nh s C mch chnh t pha gn lk i hn .
S ch nhnh tn nhnh tn C mch chnh s ch
lk i en
b. V d :
CH2=CH2
CH2=CH-CH3.
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 .....................
CH2=C(CH3 )-CH3
CH2=C(CH3 )-CH(CH3)2..
II. CU TRC V NG PHN :
1. Cu trc
-Hai nguyn t C mang lk i trng thi lai ho sp2 .
-Lk i gm 1 lk v 1 lk
-Lk c to thnh do s xen ph trc (ca 2 obitan lai
ha sp2) nn tng i bn vng.
-Lk c to thnh do s xen ph bn (ca 2 obitan p)
nn km bn hn so vi lk .
- 2 nhm nguyn t lk vi nhau bi lk i C=C khng
quay t do c quanh trc lk (do b cn tr bi lk ).
-Phn t etilen , 2 nguyn t C v 4 nguyn t H u nm
trn mt mt phng . gc gn 120
2. ng phn :
a) ng phn cu to :
- ng phn v tr lk i :
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3..
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 .
- ng phn mch cacbon :
CH2=C-CH2-CH3
CH3
.
CH2=CH-CH-CH3
11
CH3
.
b) ng phn hnh hc :
CH3
CH3
CH3
H
C=C
C=C
H
H
H
CH3
Cis ..........................
Trans.................................
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ Vit cc ng phn v gi tn ca cc anken c CTPT: C5H10, ch r anken no c ng phn hnh
hc, vit ng phn hnh hc ca anken.
2/ Anken c CTPT: CH3 CH = C(CH3) CH2 CH3
Tn gi anken theo IUPAC l :
A. 3 metylpent 2 en
B. 3 metylpent 3 en
C. 2 etylbut 2 en
D. 3 etylbut 2 en
3/ Tm pht biu cha ng :
A. Trong phn t ankan v xicloankan cc nguyn t cacbon trng thi lai ha sp3
B. Trong phn t anken cc nguyn t cacbon trng thi lai ha sp2
C. Dy ng ng ca etilen gm c C2H4, C3H6 , C4H8 , C5H10 , CnH2n
D. Nhm vinyl c 5 nguyn t.
4/ Tm pht biu ng :
A. - butilen v - butilen l hai cht ng phn lp th.
B. Propilen v isobutilen c mch chnh cng s C.
C. Nhng cht to hng sc cho cc loi hoa thng khng cha lin kt i C=C
D. Tng t C2H6 , 6 nguyn t ca C2H4 u nm trn mt mt phng.
5/ Anken X c t khi hi so vi nit bng 2,5. Kt lun no sau y l ng ?
A. C 5 anken ng phn cu to ng vi cng thc phn t ca X.
B. X c ng phn hnh hc.
C. C ba ng phn hnh hc c cng cng thc phn t vi X.
D. Khi X tc dng vi HBr to ra mt sn phm duy nht.
====================================
Bi 40 : ANKEN
TNH CHT, IU CH V NG DNG
Cu 1:Anken c tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc c trng no ?
Cu 2: Nu phng php iu ch v ng dng ca anken.
- V tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc ca anken.
- V phng php iu ch v ng dng ca anken.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I. TNH CHT VT L
1.Nhit si , nhit nng chy v khi lng
ring
- Nhit si , nhit nng chy v khi lng ring
ca anken khng khc nhiu so vi ankan tng ng v
thng nh hn so vi xicloankan c cng s nguyn t
C. nhit thng t C2 C4 : Cht kh
-Nhit nng chy , nhit si tng theo M .
-Cc anken nh hn nc .
2. Tnh tan v mu sc :
12
+H
+HCl
+H
+HCl
+HBr
OO
2 2
- Anken c tn lch s l olefin

-Hu nh khng tan trong nc
-L nhng cht khng mu .
II. TNH CHT HO HC :
1. Phn ng cng hir :
( Phn ng hiro ho )
to
CH2=CH2 + H2
..
o
t
CnH2n + H2
..
2. Phn ng cng halogen :
( Phn ng halogen ho )
a) Thc nghim :
sgk
b) Gii thch :
CH2=CH2 + Cl2
CH3CH=CHCH2CH3 + Br2 ..
-Anken lm mt mu ca dung dch brom Phn ng
ny dng nhn bit anken .
3.Phn ng cng nc v axit :
a) cng axit : halogenua (HCl, HBr, HI ), H2SO4
CH2=CH2 + HClk .
CH2=CH2 + H-OSO3H .
* C ch phn ng cng axit vo anken :
S chung :
C=C + H A - C C
H A
Phn ng xy ra qua 2 giai on lin tip :
* Phn t H A b phn ct d li : H+ tng tc vi lk
to thnh cacbocatoin cn A- tch ra
* Cacbocation l tiu phn trung gian khng bn , kt
hp ngay vi anion A- to sn phm .
b) cng nc : (t0, H+)
CH2=CH2 + H-OH t,H ...........................................
0
c)Hng ca phn ng cng axit v nc vo anken:
CH2=CH-CH3
sp chnh
Sp ph
CH2=CH-CH3
sp chnh
Sp ph
* Quy tc Maccpnhicp :
..
..
..
..
4. Phn ng trng hp :
peoxit ,100 300o C

nCH2=CH2
100 atm
-Phn ng trng hp l qu trnh cng hp lin tip
13
nhiu phn t nh ging nhau hoc tng t nhau to

thnh phn t ln gi l polime .
-Cht u gi l monome
-S lng mc xch trong mt phn t polime gi l h
s trng hp , k hiu n
5. Phn ng oxi ho :
a) Oxi ho hon ton :
to
CnH2n +
O2
............................................
b) Oxi ho khng hon ton :
Anken lm mt mu dd KMnO4 Dng nhn bit
anken .
CH2=CH2 + KMnO4 H2O
................................ ......................................................
........................
Phn ng ny dng nhn bit s c mt ca lk i
anken
III. IU CH V NG DNG :
1. iu ch :
H 2 SO4 ,170o C
CH3CH2OH

o
t
C4H10
...............................................................
2.ng dng :
a) tng hp Polime :PVC , PVA , PE ...
b) Tng hp cc ho cht khc : etanol , etilen
oxit , etilen glicol , anehit axetic ...
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ Hon thng chui phn ng :
C4H10 C2H6 C2H4 C2H5OH C2H4 C2H5Cl C2H4Cl2
2/ Hai cht X,Y mch h c cng thc phn t C3H6, C4H8 v u tc dng vi nc brom. X, Y l:
A. hai anken hoc hai ankan.
C. hai anken ng ng ca nhau.
B. hai anken hoc xicloankan vng ba cnh.
D. hai anken hoc xicloankan vng bn cnh.
3/ Cho s phn ng: Etilen X Y Poli(vinylclorua). X, Y l :
A. etilen clorua, cloetan.
C. 1,2 icloeten, vinylclorua.
B. etan, vinylclorua.
D. 1,2 icloetan , cloeten.
4/ Cho 3,5 gam mt anken tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4 long th thu c 5,2 gam sn phm hu
c. Cng thc phn t ca anken l:
A.C2H4
B.C3H6
C.C4H8
D.C5H10
5/ Hn hp A gm 2 anken th kh (ng ng k tip nhau) . t chy hon ton V lt A thu c
13,44 lt CO2(ktc). Mt khc A lm mt mu va ht 40 gam nc brom. Cng thc phn t ca 2
anken l :
A. C2H4, C3H6
B. C2H4, C4H8
C.C4H8, C5H10
D.C3H6, C4H8
====================================
Bi 41 :
ANKAIEN
Cu 1:Phn loi ankaien v cu trc phn t ca butaien.
Cu 2: Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca butaien v isopen
Cu 3: Phng php iu ch v ng dng ca butaien v isopen.
- V phn loi ankaien v cu trc phn t ca butaien.
- V tnh cht ha hc c trng ca butaien v isopen
- V phng php iu ch v ng dng ca butaien v isopen.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
14
I . PHN LOI :
-Trong phn t c 2 lk i : ien
- C 3 lk i : trien chng c gi chung l polien
- ien mch h c CT chung l CnH2n ( n 3 ) gi l
ankaien
- v d :
CH2=C=CH2.
CH2=CH-CH=CH2..
CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2
-ien m 2 lk i cch nhau mt lin kt n gi l ien
lin hp (quan trng) .
II. CU TRC PHN T V PHN NG CA
BUTAIEN V ISOPREN :
1.Cu trc phn t butaien :
-Bn nguyn t C trng thi lai ho sp2 .
-C 10 nguyn t u nm trn cng mt mt phng
2.Phn ng ca buta-1,3-ien v isopren :

a) Cng hir :
o
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + H2 Ni,t
Ni ,t o
CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2 + H2
.
...
b) Cng halogen v hir halogenua :
..
+ Br2
CH2=CH-CH=CH2
.
.
+
HBr
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 .......................................
.
- nhit thp u tin to thnh sn phm 1,2
nhit cao to thnh sn phm cng 1,4 .
c)Phn ng trng hp :
tham gia phn ng trng hp ch yu theo kiu cng 1,4:
xt ,t o , p
n CH2=CH-CH=CH2
.
xt ,t o , p
nCH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2
3. iu ch , ng dng ca butaien v isopren :
-Tch t cc ankan tng ng
CH3CH2CH2CH3 t, xt .
CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3 t, xt .................................
-ng dng : ..
IV. Luyn tp:

1/ Hon thnh chui phn ng :
C3H8 C2H4 C2H5Cl C2H4 C2H5OH C4H6 Cao su buna.
2/ Kt lun no sau y khng ng?
A. Nhng hidrocacbon c kh nng cng hp hai phn t hidro u thuc loi ankadien.
15
B. Ankadien l nhng hidrocacbon mch h, phn t c 2 lin kt i C=C.

C. Ankadien c kh nng cng hp hai phn t hidro.
D. Nhng hidrocacbon khng no mch h, phn t c 2 lin kt i C=C cch nhau mt lin kt n
thuc loi ankadien lin hp.
3/ Hidrocacbon no sau y khng c ng phn cis- trans ?
A.CH3- CH = C = CH- C2H5
C.CH3- CH- CH = CH- CH3
B. CH3- CH = CH- CH3
D.CH3- CH = CH- CH2 CH2 - CH3
4/ Tm cu sai:
A. Cao su l cht c tnh n hi cao.
B. Cao su th lng lm mt mu dd brom.
C. M cy He ve a c xem nh sn phm trng hp isopen.
D. Cao su buna S l sn phm trng hp ca ivinyl v stiren.
5/ t chy hon ton 3,40 gam mt ankadien lin hp X, thu c 5,60 lt CO2 (ktc). Khi X cng
hiro to thnh isopentan. Tn gi ca X l:
A.2- metylbuta-1,3-ien
C.penta-1,4-ien
B.penta-1,3-ien
D.3-metyl-1,3-ien
=============================================
Bi 42: KHI NIM V TECPEN
Cu 1: Thnh phn, cu to v dn xut cha oxi ca tecpen.
Cu 2: Ngun tecpen thin nhin.
-V thnh phn, cu to v dn xut cha oxi ca tecpen.
-V ngun tecpen thin nhin.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I. THNH PHN , CU TO V DN XUT :
1.Thnh phn :
-Tecpen l tn gi nhm hircacbon khng no c CT
chung l ( C5H8)n n 2 thng gp trong gii thc vt
.
-Tecpen c nhiu trong tinh du tho mc nh thng ,
s , qu , chanh
2. Cu to :
Phn t tecpen c cu to mch h hoc mch vng v
c cha cc lin kt i C=C
3.Mt vi dn xut ca tecpen :
a)Loi mch h :
CH2OH
CH2OH
C10H18O
Geraniol
C10H20O
Xitronelol
b)Loi mch vng :
16
OH
C10H20O
Mentol
C10H18O
Menton
II. NGUN TECPEN THIN NHIN :

1.Ngun tecpen thin nhin :
- Tecpen v dn xut cha oxi ca tecpen thng gp
trong gii thc vt : l thn , hoa , qu , r
-Nhiu tecpen cng thc C10H16 , C15H24 c trong qu , l
v nha ca loi thng .Squalen (C30H50) c trong du
gan c. Caroten v licopen (C40H56) l sc t mu
ca c c rt c c chua chn.
- Cc dn xut cha oxi ca tecpen cng rt ph bin
v quan trng : retinol ( vitamin A , C20H29OH ) c
trong lng trng , du gan c Phitol ( C20H39OH)
dng este c trong cht dip lc ca cy xanh
2. Khai thc tecpen :
-Chng ct vi hi nc li cun ly tinh du t cc
b phn cha nhiu tinh du ca thc vt.
3. ng dng ca tecpen :
Dng lm hng liu trong CN m phm v cng
nghip thc phm , sn xut dc phm .
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ Khng nh no sau ay ng:
(1) : Tecpen chnh l cao su thin nhin.
(2) : Meton (C10H20O) l sn phm cng H2 ca geraniol ( C10H18O).
A. Ch c (1) ng.
C. (1), (2) u ng.
B. Ch c (2) ng.
D. (1), (2) u sai.
2/ Tec pen c nhiu trong:
A. Tinh du tho mc.
C. M ng vt.
B. m ng vt.
D. Cc loi hng liu.
3/ Phng php thng dng khai thc tecpen t thc vt l:
A. Chng ct phn on.
C. C c ri chic.
B. Chic ri c c.
D. Chng ct li cun hi nc.
4/ Mentol c cng thc phn t C10H20O . Mentol c cu to:
A. Mch h.
C.Mch vng c 2 nhnh.
B. Mch vng c 1 nhnh.
D.Mch vng c 3 nhnh.
5/ Mentol l mt dn xut cha oxi ca tecpen thnh phn chnh ca tinh du bc h trong phn
t c thnh phn % v khi lng C, H ln lt l 76,923%, 12,82%, cn li l oxi. Tm CTPT ca
mentol bit rng mentol l mt ancol n chc (Phn t c 1 nguyn t oxi).
=============================================
Bi 43 :
ANKIN
Cu 1: ng ng, ng phn, danh php, tnh cht vt l v cu trc phn t ankin.
Cu 2: Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca ankin.
Cu 3: Phng php iu ch v ng dng ca ankin.
-V ng ng, ng phn, danh php, tnh cht vt l v cu trc phn t ankin.
17
-V tnh cht ha hc c trng ca ankin.

-V phng php iu ch v ng dng ca ankin.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I. NG NG, NG PHN, DANH PHP TNH
CHT VT L V CU TRC :
1.ng ng , ng phn , danh php :
-Ankin l nhng hircacbon mch h c mt lin kt ba
trong phn t .
-Dy ng ng ca axetilen c cng thc chung l
CnH2n-2 ( n2 )
V d :
HC CH , CH3-C CH
-T C4 tr i c ng phn v tr nhm chc , t C5 tr i
c thm ng phn mch cacbon .
- Danh php :
S ch nhnh tn nhnh tn mch chnh s ch
lin kt ba in
Vd: CH3-C C-CH(CH3)2 ..
2. Tnh cht vt l : Da vo bng 6.2 (sgk: 175)
3.Cu trc phn t :
- Trong phn t ankin , hai nguyn t C lk ba trng thi
lai ho sp (lai ha ng thng). Lin kt ba gm 1lk
v 2 lk .
II. TNH CHT HO HC :
1.Phn ng cng :
a) cng hir:
Ni ,t o
HC CH + 2H2
.
Pd / PbCO3
HC CH +H2 .
b) Cng brm :
+ Br2
(X)...............................
C2H5 C C C2H5
20o
2
(X)....................... Br
............................................
c) Cng hiro clorua:
HgCl 2 ,150 200
(X).........................
HC CH + HCl +
(X)............................+ HCl .....................................
d) Cng nc ( hirat ho )
HgSO4 , H 2 SO4
...........................
HC CH + H OH
80o
- Phn ng cng HX , H2O vo cc ankin trong dy ng
ng ca axetilen cng tun theo quy tc Maccopnhicop .
d) Phn ng ime ho v trime ho :
-Ankin khng trng hp thnh polime :
- ime ho :
xt ,t o
2CH CH

-Trime ho :
xt ,t o
3CH CH
.
2. Phn ng th bng ion kim loi :
AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O ........................................
HC CH + [Ag(NH3)2]OH .
..
18
Phn ng ny dng nhn bit cc ankin c lk ba u

dy .
3. Phn ng oxi ho :
CnH2n-2 + O2 ..................................................
-Ankin cng lm mt mu dd KMnO4
III. IU CH V NG DNG :
1. iu ch :
-Nhit phn CH4 :
1500o
CH4

-T canxicacbua :
CaC2 + H2O ........................................................
2. ng dng :
C2H2 + O2 ........................................................
..................................................................................
...................................................................................
..................................................................................
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ Hon thnh s phn ng:
a. Al4C3 CH4 C2H2 C2H4PE
b. CH3COONa CH4 C2H2 C2Ag2C2H2 CH2=CHClPVC
CH3
|
2/ Cht CH3 C C CH c tn l g ?
|
CH3
A. 2,2-imetylbut-1-in
C. 3,3-imetylbut-1-in
B. 2,2-imetylbut-3-in
D. 3,3-imetylbut-2-in
3/ C 4 cht: metan, etilen, but-1-in v but-2-in. Trong 4 cht , c my cht tc dng c vi

dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac to thnh kt ta ?
A. 4 cht
B. 3 cht
C. 2 cht
D. 1 cht
4/ Trong phn t ankin X, hidro chim 11,76% khi lng. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C5H8
B. C2H2
C. C4H8
D. C3H4
5/ Dn 17,4 gam hn hp kh X propin v but-2-in li tht chm qua bnh ng dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3 d thy c 44,1 gam kt ta xut hin. Xc nh phn trm th tch ca mi kh trong X.
A.C3H4 75% v C4H6 25%
C. C3H4 25% v C4H6 75%
B. C3H4 80% v C4H6 20%
D. C3H4 40% v C4H6 60%
=============================================
Bi 44 : LUYN TP: HIROCACBON KHNG NO
Cu 1:Nhng kin thc cn nm v cu trc, tnh cht, iu ch v ng dng ca hirocacbon
khng no.
Cu 2: Cc bi tp sgk (181 182)
- V nhng kin thc cn nm v cu trc, tnh cht, iu ch v ng dng ca hirocacbon khng
no.
- V cc bi tp sgk (181 182)
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
19
I. NHNG KIN THC CN NH :

1.Cu trc :
R1
R3
C=C
R 1 C C R2
R2
R4
R1
R3
C=C
R5
R2
C=C
R4
R6
2. Tnh cht vt l :
-C1 C4 : th kh
-C5 : th lng hoc rn .
-Khng tan trong nc , nh hn nc .
3. Tnh cht ho hc :
* Cng hir .
* Cng halogen.
* Cng HA .
* Trng hp ..
* Oxi ho
4. iu ch v ng dng .
II. BI TP :
SGK: bi 1-9 (sgk:181-182)
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ un si dung dch gm C2H5Cl v KOH trong C2H5OH thu c sn phm hu c l :
A. CH2=CH2
C. C2H5OK
B. C2H5OH
D. Hn hp gm CH2=CH2, C2H5OH
2/ Cho cc ankin sau: pent-2-in; 3-metylpent-1-in; propin; 2,5-imetylhex-3-in. S ankin tc dng
c vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 l:
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
3/ t chy hon ton 3,40 gam mt ankadien lin hp X, thu c 5,60 lt CO2 (ktc). Khi X cng
hiro to thnh isopentan. Tn gi ca X l:
A.2- metylbuta-1,3-ien
C.penta-1,4-ien
B.penta-1,3-ien
D.3-metyl-1,3-ien
4/ t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, propan, etan cn V lt khng kh o
ktc ( cha 20 % O2 ). Thu c 7,84 lt CO2 ( kc) v 9,9 gam H2O. Tnh V?
A. 70,0 lt
B. 84,0 lt
C. 78,4 lt
D. 56,0 lt
5/ Hn hp A gm 2 anken th kh (ng ng k tip nhau) . t chy hon ton V lt A thu c
13,44 lt CO2(ktc). Mt khc A lm mt mu va ht 40 gam nc brom. Cng thc phn t ca 2
anken l :
A. C2H4, C3H6
B. C2H4, C4H8
C.C4H8, C5H10
D.C3H6, C4H8
=============================================
Bi 45: THC HNH
TNH CHT CA HIROCACBON KHNG NO
I . CHUN B
1 . Dng c th nghim
- ng nghim
- Gi ng nghim.
- Nt cao su 1 l y ming ng nghim
- Kp ha cht.
- ng dn thy tinh thng mt u vut nhn
- ng ht nh git.
- n cn.
2. Ha cht:
- H2SO4 c
- Nc Brom.
20
- Dung dch AgNO3

- t n (CaC2)
- Du thng
- Dung dch KmnO4 1%
- Dung dch NH3
- C2H5OH
- Nc c chua chn
II. Ni dung bi :
Th nghim 1 : iu ch v th tnh cht ca etilen.
- Cho vo ng nghim 2 ml C2H5OH khan v sau cho
thm tng git dd H2SO4 c(4ml), lc u. un nng hn
hp phn ng sao cho hh khng tro ln ng dn kh. y
ng nghim bng nt c ng dn kh. Dn kh vo
* /n cha dd nc Br2
* /n cha dd KMnO4
- Cui cng t kh thot ra.
=> Nu hin tng xy ra v vit pthh
Th nghim 2: iu ch v th tnh cht ca axetilen
- Cho CaC2 (bng ht ng)vo /n + nh 2ml nc vo
y nt nhanh , cho ng dn kh ln lt qua :
* /n cha dd KMnO4
* /n cha dd Ag[NH3]2OH
- Cui cng t kh thot ra.
=> Nu hin tng xy ra v vit pthh
Th nghim 3 : Phn ng ca tecpen vi nc brom.
- Cho 2 ml du thng vo /n cha 2ml nc brom,
lc u, yn.
- Cho 2ml nc c chua lc, sau nh t t tng git
nc brom vo.
=> Nu hin tng xy ra v gii thch.
IV . NI DUNG TNG TRNH TH NGHIM
1. Tn HS : Lp : 11
2. Tn bi thc hnh : Tnh cht ca hirocacbon khng no..
(nu c) cc th nghim sau.
Th nghim 1 : iu ch v th tnh cht ca etilen.
Th nghim 2 : iu ch v th tnh cht ca acetilen.
Th nghim 3 : Phn ng ca tecpen vi nc brom.
CHNG 7: HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN

Bi 46 : BENZEN V ANKYLBENZEN
Cu 1:Cu trc, ng ng, ng phn v danh php.
Cu 2: Tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc c trng ca ben zen v ankyl benzen.
Cu 3: Phng php iu ch v ng dng ca benzen v ankylbenzen.
- V cu trc, ng ng, ng phn v danh php.
- V tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc c trng ca ben zen v ankyl benzen.
- V phng php iu ch v ng dng ca benzen v ankylbenzen.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Bng 7.1 nhit nng chy v nhit si v khi lng ring ca mt sa akylbenzen .
21
Aren
Cng thc cu to
Benzen
Toluen
Etylbenzen
o-Xilen
m-Xilen
p-Xilen
n-Propylbenzen
Isopropylbenzen
(Cumen)
C6H6
CH3C6H5
CH3CH2C6H5
1,2-(CH3)2C6H4
1,3-(CH3)2C6H4
1,4-(CH3)2C6H4
CH3CH2CH2C6H5
(CH3)2CHC6H5
Cng thc
phn t
C 6 H6
C 7 H8
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
C9H12
C9H12
tnc ,oC
ts , oC
5,5
-95,0
-95,0
-25,2
-47,9
13,2
-99,5
-96,0
80
111
136
144
139
138
159
152
D , g/cm3
(20oC)
0,879
0,867
0,867
0,880
0,864
0,861
0,862
0,862
Ni dung bi hc
I CU TRC , NG NG , NG PHN V
DANH PHP :
1 - Cu trc ca phn t benzen :
a/ S hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t benzen :
- 6 nguyn t C trng thi lai ha sp 2 .
- Mi nguyn t C s dng 3 obitan lai ha to lk vi
2 nguyn t C cnh bn n v 1 nguyn t H . 6 obitan p ca
C xen ph bn to thnh lin hp chung cho c vng ben
zen .
- Lin kt benzen tng i bn vng .
b/ M hnh phn t :
- Phn t benzen c hnh lc gic u .

- Cc nguyn t nm trong mt mt phng cc gc ha tr
u bng 1200 .
c/ Biu din cu to ca benzen :
2- ng ng ,ng phn v danh php :

a/ ng ng :
-Khi thay cc nguyn t hiro trong phn t benzen bng
cc nhm ankyl , ta c nhm ankylbenzen , hp thnh
mt dy ng ng ca benzen , c cng thc chung C nH2n-6
(n 6)
b/ ng phn v danh php :
- Ankylbenzen c ng phn mch cacbon v ng phn v
tr nhm th trn vng benzen .
- Gi tn : ch r v tr cc nguyn t C ca vng bng cc
ch ci o, m, p ( ortho , meta, para ) .
22
CH3
CH2CH3
CH3
etylbenzen
1,2-imetylbenzen
0- imetylbenzen
(0 xilen )
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
1,4 imetyl benzen

1,3 imetylbenzen
p- imetylbenzen
m imetylbenzen
(p- xilen)
(m xilen )
II TNH CHT VT L :( da vo bng 7.1)
1 Nhit nng chy , t0s v khi lng ring :
- Nhit nng chy nhn chung gim dn , c s bt
thng p- xilen :o xilen : m xilen .
- Nhit si tng dn .
- Khi lng ring cc aren nh hn 1g/cm 3 cc aren nh
hn nc .
2 Mu sc, tnh tan v mi :
- L nhng cht khng mu , hu nh khng tan trong nc ,
tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c .
- u l cht c mi thm nh , nhng c hi cho sc
khe , nht l benzen .
III - TNH CHT HA HC :
1 Phn ng th :
a/ Phn ng halogen ha :
- Khi c bt st benzen tc dng vi brom khan .
CH3
Fe
+Br2
..
+ Br2
(II)
Fe
Toluen phn ng nhanh hn :
Nu chiu sng th brom th cho H nhnh
CH2 -H
as
+ Br2
.
b/ Phn ng nitroha :
-Benzen tc dng vi hn hp HNO 3 + H 2SO4 m c to
thnh nitrobenzen :
H
+ HO-NO2
H2SO4
..
23
+
-Nitrobenzen tc dng vi hn hp H2SO42 v HNO3 bc

khi, un nng
NO2
+ HONO2
- Toluen phn ng d hn :
H2SO4,t0
-H2O
HNO3,H2SO4
-H2O
CH3
c/ Qui tc th vng benzen :

Khi vng benzen c sn :
- Nhm ankyl hay (-OH ,-NH2 , -OCH3 . ..) phn ng th
vo vng d dng v u tin xy ra v tr ortho vpara.
- Nhm NO 2 , -COOH , -SO 3H . . .,phn ng th vo vng
kh hn v u tin v tr meta .
d/ C ch phn ng th vng benzen
Cc tiu phn mang in tch dng l tc nhn tn cng
trc tip vo vng benzen :
V D :
O2N O H + H+
O2N O H
H
O2N O H O =N=O + H-O-H
H
H
+
N
NO 2
NO2
O
+
+ H+
2 Phn ng cng :
- Benzen v ankylbenzen khng lm mt mu dung dch
brom . Khi chiu sng , benzen cng vi clo thnh C6H6Cl6 .
C6H6 + Cl2 .............................................
- Khi un nng , c Ni hoc Pt lm xc tc:
Ni ,t
C6H6 + H2 ................................................
3 Phn ng oxiha :
- Benzen khng tc dng vi KMnO 4
- Cc ankylbenzen khi un nng vi dung dch KMnO 4 th
nhm ankyl b oxiha .
V D :
KMnO4 , H 2O
HCl
(X).............. .............
C6H5CH3
80 100o C
(Y).................................
- Cc aren chy trong khng kh thng to ra nhiu mui
than . khi aren chy hon ton th to ra CO 2 ,H2O v ta
nhiu nhit .
C 6 H6 +
O2 .........................................................
Nhn xt :
Ben zen tng i d tham gia phn ng th , kh tham gia
phn ng cng v bn vng vi cc cht oxiha , gi l
tnh thm .
IV IU CH V NG DNG :
1 iu ch :
- Benzen , toluen , xilen . . . thng tch c bng cch
chng ct nha than hoc du m .
24
- T ankan hoc xicloankan .

V D :
xt ,t o
.
CH3[CH2]4CH3
4 H 2
o
xt ,t

CH3[CH2]5CH3
4 H 2
o
xt ,t
C6H6+CH2 = CH2

2 ng dng :
IV. Luyn tp:

1/ Hon thnh s phn ng sau:
a/ CaCO3 CaOCaC2C2H2 C6H6 C6H5NO2 1,3-initro benzen
b/ CH3COONa CH4 C2H2 C6H6 C6H5Br
2/ Nhn xt hay kt lun no sau y l ng ?
A. Benzen v ng ng va c kh nng tham gia phn ng th, va c kh nng tham gia phn ng
cng.
B.Benzen v ng ng ch c kh nng tham gai phn ng th.
C. Benzen v ng ng ch c kh nng tham gai phn ng cng.
D. Benzen v ng ng khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng th v cng khng c kh nng tham gia
phn ng cng.
3/ Hidrocacbon X c cng thc phn t C8H10 khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. Khi ung nng X
trong dung dch thuc tm to thnh hp cht C7H5KO2 (Y). Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch axit clohidric
to thnh hp cht C7H6O2. X c tn gi no sau y ?
A. etylbenzen
C. 1,3- imetylbenzen.
B. 1,2- imetylbenzen.
D. 1,4- imetylbenzen.
4/ Hidrocacbon X l ng ng ca benzen c cng thc phn t C8H10. Khi tc dng vi dung dch
brom c mt bt st hoc khng c mt bt st trong mi trng hp u to c mt dn xut
monobrom. Tn X l :
A. 1,4- imetylbenzen.
C. 1,3- imetylbenzen
B. 1,2- imetylbenzen.
D.etylbenzen
5/ Lng clobenzen thu c khi cho 15,6 gam C6H6 tc dng ht vi clo (xc tc bt Fe ), hiu sut
phn ng t 80% l.
A. 18 g
B. 14 g
C.16 g
D. 20 g
=============================================
Bi47 : STIREN V NAPHTALEN
Cu 1: c im cu to, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc c trng v ng dng ca stiren.
Cu 2:c im cu to, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc c trng v ng dng ca naphtalen.
- V c im cu to, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc c trng v ng dng ca stiren.
- V c im cu to, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc c trng v ng dng ca naphtalen.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I STIREN :
1 . Cu to :
- L mt cht lng khng mu , nh hn nc, khng tan
trongnc .
- t0nc :-310C .t0s: 1450C .
- CTCT :
25
CH=CH2
2 Tnh cht ha hc :
a. Phn ng cng :
C6H5-CH=CH2 +Br2 .
C6H5-CH=CH2 + HCl
- Halogen ( Cl 2, Br2) , hiro halogenua cng vo nhm
vinyl tng t nh cng vo anken .
b/ Phn ng trng hp v ng trng hp :
,t o
n C6H5-CH=CH2 xt
xt ,t
nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 + n C6H5-CH=CH2
..
c/ Phn ng oxiha :
- Stiren lm mt mu dung dch KMnO 4 v b oxiha
nhm vinyl, cn vng benzen vn gi nguyn .
3. ng dng :
- sn xut polime :
- Polistiren l mt cht nhit do , trong sut ,dng ch to
cc dng c vn phng , dng gia nh . . .
- Poli(butaien-stiren ) hay cao su buna-S , c bn c
hc cao hn cao su buna .
II NAPTALEN :
1 . Tnh cht vt l v cu to :
- L cht rn mu trng , c mi c trng (mi bng
phin ) .
- Thng hoa ngay nhit thng , t 0nc 800C , t0s 2180C ,
D = 1,025 g/cm3 (250C) .
- Khng tan trong nc , tan trong dung mi hu c .
- CTPT : C10H8
1( )
8( )
9
7( )
6( )
5( )
10
2( )
3( )
4( )
2 . Tnh cht ha hc :
a/ Phn ng th :
- Naptalen tham gia cc phn ng th d hn so vi ben zen ,
sn phm th vo v tr 1() l sn phm chnh .
+ Br2
CH3COOH
(dm)
+HNO3
H2SO4
b/ Phn ng cng hiro ( hiroha )

2H2
o
Ni ,150 C
..
26
C10H8 Naphtalen
C10H12,tetralin
3H2
Ni ,200o C ,35 atm

...........................................................
C10H18 ecalin
c/ Phn ng oxiha :
Khng b oxih bi KMnO4 . Khi c xc tc V2O5 nhit
cao n b oxiha bi oxi khng kh to thnh anhirit
O2 (kk)
V2O5,350-4500C
phtalic
.
..
Anhirit phtalic
3 .ng dng :
- Dng sn xut anhirit phtalic ,naphtol, naphtylamin .. .
dng trong cng nghip cht do , dc phm phm nhum Tetralin v ecalin c dng lm dung mi .
- Naphtalen cn dng lm cht chng gin .
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ Hon thnh s phn ng sau: Hexan benzen etylbenzen stiren polistiren (PS).
2/ Trnh by cc phng php ha hc phn bit cc cht lng: Stiren, etylbenzen v phenylaxetilen
(C6H5-CCH ).
3/ Kt lun no sau y khng ng ?
A. Stiren khng lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm.
B. Stiren cn c tn l vinylbenzen.
C.Cc nguyn t trong phn t stiren cng nm trn mt mt phng.
D. Stiren va c tnh cht ging benzen va c tnh cht ging anken.
4/ Dy ng ng no khi t chy cho s mol CO2 > H2O
A. anken, xicloankan, aren
C. ankaien, xicloankan, ankin
B. aren, anken, ankin
D. aren, ankin, ankaien
5/ Cho 12,8 gam naphtalen tc dng vi dung dch brom c mt CH3COOH. Hiu sut phn ng l 80%.
Khi lng - bromnaphtalen thu c l:
A. 41 gam
B. 20,7 gam
C. 30,6 gam
D. 16,56 gam
=============================================
Bi 48 : NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN
Cu 1:Nu trng thi t nhin, tnh cht vt l v thnh phn ca du m ?
Cu 2: Nu cc cch chng ct du m ?
Cu 3: Ch bin du m bng cc phng php hc hc no ?
Cu 4: Nu thnh phn kh m du v kh thin nhin ?
Cu 5: Nu cch ch bin v ng dng ca kh du m v kh thin nhin ?
Cu 6: Nu cch chng kh than bo v chng ct nha than ?
- V trng thi t nhin, tnh cht vt l v thnh phn ca du m.
- V cc cch chng ct du m.
- V cc phng php hc hc ch bin du m .
- V thnh phn kh m du v kh thin nhin.
- V cch ch bin v ng dng ca kh du m v kh thin nhin.
- V cch chng kh than bo v chng ct nha than .
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
Cc kin thc ca hc
sinh ghi ch
27
A- DU M
I - TRNG THI THIN NHIN, TNH CHT VT L V
THNH PHN CA DU M
1. Trng thi thin nhin v tnh cht vt l
- Du m l mt hn hp lng, snh, mu nu en, c mi c trng,
nh hn nc v khng tan trong nc.
2. Thnh phn ho hc
Du m:L hh phc tp gm hng trm hirocacbon thuc cc loi
ankan, xicloankan, aren (ch yu). Ngoi ra cn 1 lng nh cc cht
hu c cha oxi, nit, lu hunh (lng nh) v vt cc cht v c
( rt t)
Thnh phn nguyn t: 83-87% C, 11-14%H, 0.01-7%S, 0,01-7%O,
0,01-2%N, cc kim loi nng vo khong phn triu n phn vn.
II - CHNG CT DU M
1. Chng ct di p sut thng
- Chng ct phn on trong phng th nghim da vo nhit cao.
- Chng ct phn on du m: Cc phn on du c nhit si
khc nhau c a i s dng hoc ch bin tip.
2.Chng ct di p sut cao
- Phn on si nhit < 180 0C c chng ct tip p sut cao:
+ C1-C2, C3-C4 dng lm nhin liu kh hoc kh ho lng.
+ C5-C6 l ete du ho c dng lm dung mi hoc nguyn liu cho
nh my ho cht.
+ C6- C10 l xng c cht lng thp phi qua ch ho bng pp
rifominh.
3. Chng ct di p sut thp
Phn cn li sau khi chng ct p sut thng l hn hp nht c
mu en gi l cn mazut
Cn mazut Phn on linh ng dng cho crackinh
Du nhn, Vazlin, Parafin, Atphan (dng ri ng)
III - CH BIN DU M BNG PHNG PHP HO HC
Mc ch : .............................................................................................
1. Rifominh
- Khi nim: Rifominh l qu trnh dng xc tc v nhit bin i cu
trc ca hirocacbon t khng phn nhnh thnh phn nhnh, t
khng thm thnh thm.
-Trong qu trnh rifominh xy ra 3 loi phn ng ch yu:
* Chuyn ankan mch thng thnh ankan mch nhnh v xicloankan.
Vd:
* Tch H chuyn xicloankan thnh aren.
Vd:
* Tch H chuyn ankan thnh aren.
Vd:
2. Crckinh
28
Crckinh l qu trnh b gy phn t hirocacbon mch di thnh

cc phn t hirocacbon mch ngn hn nh tc dng ca nhit
(crckinh nhit) hoc ca xc tc v nhit (crckinh xc tc).
C16H34 C16-m H34-2m + CmH2m (m = 2 - 16)
a. Crckinh nhit(SGK)
CH3[CH2]4CH3
Cr c k inH nhit
700 900 o C
CH4+CH2=CH2 +CH3CH=CH2
15%
40%
20%
C2H6 + C3H8 +C4H8 +C4H10 +
+C5H10 +C5H12 +C6H12 +H2
b. Crckinh xc tc(SGK)
C21-C35
Cr c k inH xc t c
400 450 o C
Aluminosilicat (75- 90%
SiO2, 10 - 25% Al2O3) + HF
Khcrckinh : C1 - C4
Xng : C5 - C11, hm l ng
ankan c nhnh, xicloankan v
aren cao nn chs octan cao.
Kerosen : C10 - C16 v
izen
: C16 C21
Kt lun : Ch bin du m bao gm chng ct du m v ch bin bng

phng php ho hc.
* S ch bin du m thnh cc sn phm .
B. KH M DU V KH THIN NHIN
I. Thnh phn kh m du v kh thin nhin:
Cc hp phn
Khong % th tch
Kh m du
Kh thin nhin
Metan
50 70
70 95
Etan
~20
28
Propan
~11
~2
Butan
~4
~1
Pentan (kh)
~2
~1
N2, H2, H2S, He, CO2 ~ 12
4 20
II. Ch bin v ng dng ca du m v kh thin nhin.
29
ch bi n k h
Khm du
Khthin nhin
Lo i b H2S
Nn
v
Lm l nh
CH4 : D ng cho nh my in, s, m,

sx ancol metylic, anehit fomic ...
C 2H4 : iu ch etilen, sx nha PE
C 3H8 , C4H10: Khha lng (gas) d ng
lm nhin liu trong cng nghip i sng
C. THAN M:
I. Chng kh than bo
L c c
(Kh)
Than bo
(Than m)
1000 o c
Lm lnh
Khl cc: H2 65% , CH4 25%,

CO2, CO, C2H6, N2, dng lm
nhin liu
L p n c + NH3: dng lm phn
m
L p nha : gi l nha than
Than cc d ng cho luyn kim
II. Chng ct nha than .

Sn phm ca qu trnh chng ct nha than .
- Phn on si 80 - 170oC, gi l du nh, cha benzen, toluen,
xilen
- Phn on si 170 - 230 oC, gi l du trung, cha naphtalen, phenol,
piriin
- Phn on si 230 270 oC, gi l du nng, cha crezol, xilenol,
quinolin
- Cn cn li l hc n dng ri ng.
IV. Luyn tp:
1/Xng nhin liu l hn hp cc H-C c s nguyn t C l ?
A. C6-C10
B. C1-C5
C. C10-C16
D. C16-C21
2/ Khi phn lp du m, cn mazut c chng ct...
A. Di p sut thng.
C. Di p sut cao.
B. Di p sut thp.
D. Di p sut trung bnh.
3/Chng ct nha than thu c:
A. Ankan.
C. Ankadien, ankin.
B. Anken.
D. Aren v dn xut aren.
4/ Kh thin nhin v kh m du :
A. Ging nhau hon ton.
B. Khc nhau hon ton.
C. Ging nhau v thnh phn, khc nhau v hm lng cc cht.
D. u c hm lng metan nh nhau.
5/ Crckinh 8,96 gam hexan thu c hn hp X. Th tch khng kh ktc cn dng t chy ht X
l:
A. 68,4 lt.
B. 100,4 lt.
C. 216 lt.
D. 106,4 lt.
=========================================================
Bi 49 : LUYN TP
Cu 1: Nu c im cu trc v kh nng phn ng ca hidrocacbon no, khng no, thm.
Cu 2: Trnh by cc phn ng th, cng, oxi ha ca hidrocacbon no, khng no, thm.
- V c im cu trc v kh nng phn ng ca hidrocacbon no, khng no, thm.
- V cc phn ng th, cng, oxi ha ca hidrocacbon no, khng no, thm.
- Bi tp: 1-8 (sgk trang 207)
30
Phn ng oxi ho
Phn ng
cng
Phn ng th
c im cu trc v kh
nng phn ng
III. Ni dung bi hc:

1. Kin thc cn nm vng:
Hirocacbon thm
Hirocacbon
khng no
3
- C vng benzen.
- Ch c cc nguyn t Csp
- C C lai ho sp2 to thnh
lin kt i hoc C lai ho
- vng benzen, 6 nguyn to thnh lin kt bn
2
t Csp lin kt thnh 1 lc vng. V th tng i tr sp to thnh lin kt ba.
gic u, 6 electron p to
iu kin thng.
- Trung tm phn ng ca
phn t chnh l nhng lin
thnh h lin hp chung - Trong phn t khng c
do bn hn cc lin kt trung tm phn ng c bit kt km bn vng.
no. V th phn ng thng - Phn ng cng l c
ring r. V th aren
tng i d th, kh cng, to ra hn hp nhiu sn
trng.
bn vng vi cht oxi ho. phm.
- Khi c Fe, halogen th
vo nhn. Khi chiu sng,
halogen th vo nhnh.
- Nhm th c sn nhn
benzen quyt nh hng
ca phn ng th tip theo.
Khi un nng c xc tc
kim loi, aren cng vi H2
to thnh xicloankan.
Hirocacbon no
- Khi chiu sng hoc un

nng, clo th cho H C cc
bc, brom th cho H C bc
cao.
- nhit cao, clo th cho

H C bn cnh Csp2.
- Nguyn t H nhm
C-H c th b th bi
nguyn t Ag.
Ankan v xicloankan (tr

xiclopropan v xiclobutan)
khng c phn ng cng.
Anken, ankin d cng vi

H2, HA (A l halogen hoc
OH).
- Chy, to nhit.
- Chy, to nhit.
- Vng benzen khng b oxi - Ch b oxi ho nhit
ho bi dd KMnO4, nhnh cao hoc c thm xc tc.
ankyl b oxi ho thnh
nhm COOH.
- Chy, to nhit.
- D b oxi ho bi dung
dch KMnO4 v cc cht oxi
ho khc.
2. Bi tp: sgk (1-8)

IV. Luyn tp:
1/ Trong cc cht sau :Br 2, H2, HCl, H2SO4, H2O cht no c th cng c vo anken v aren? Vit
phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Cho bit qui tc chi phi chiu ca phn ng.
2/ Hy dng phng php ha hc phn bit cc cht trong mi nhm sau:
a. toluen, hept-2-en v heptan.
b.etylbenzen, vinylbenzen v vinylaxetilen.
3/ Cho s bin i sau
cho di y?
. A l cht no trong s cc cht
A. CH2=CH2
B. CH2=CH-CH3
C. CH CH
D. CHC-CH3
4/ Lng clobenzen thu c khi cho 15,6 gam C6H6 tc dng ht vi clo (xc tc bt Fe ), hiu sut
phn ng t 80% l.
A. 18 g
B. 14 g
C.16 g
D. 20 g
31
5/ Hidrocacbon X l cht lng c t khi hi so vi khng kh bng 3,17. t chy hon ton X thu c
CO2 c khi lng bng 4,28 ln khi lng ca H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l :
A. C7H8
B. C8 H10
C. C3H4
D. C4H6
=========================================================
Bi 50 : THC HNH
TNH CHT CA MT S HIROCACBON THM
1. Dng c th nghim
- ng nghim
- Gi ng nghim.
- Nt cao su 1 l y ming ng nghim
- Kp ha cht.
- ng dn thy tinh thng mt u vut nhn
- ng ht nh git.
- n cn.
2. Ha cht:
- Nc Brom.
- Tinh th iot (bng ht tm)
- Benzen
- Dung dch KmnO4 1%
- Du thng
- Toluen
- Hexan
II. Ni dung bi :
Ni dung bi hc
Th nghim 1 : Tnh cht ca benzen
- Cho 3 ng nghim nh nhau, mi ng cha 2ml nc brom.
Cho vo ng th nht 5 gt benzen, vo ng th hai 5 git du
thng, vo ng th ba 5 git hexan. Lc u, yn, quan st
v gii thch.
Th nghim 2: Tnh cht ca toluen
- ng nghim A cha mu iot bng ht tm, ng B cha 2ml
dd KMnO4 long khong 1%, ng C cha 2ml dd brom. Cho
vo mi ng nghim 0,5ml toluen. Lc k, yn, quan st.
- un si ng nghim B v quan st mu ca dung dch.
1. Tn HS : Lp : 11
2. Tn bi thc hnh : Tnh cht ca mt s hirocacbon thm..
Th nghim 1 : Tnh cht ca benzen.
Th nghim 2 : Tnh cht ca toluen.
=============================================
CHNG 8: DN XUT HALOGEN ANCOL PHENOL
Bi 51: DN XUT HALOGEL CA HIROCACBON
Cu 1:Khi nim, phn loi, ng phn v danh php v dn xut halogen ca HC ?
Cu 2:Dn xut halogen ca HC c tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc c trng nh th no ?
Cu 3: Dn xut halogen ca HC c nhng ng dng g ?
- V khi nim, phn loi, ng phn v danh php dn xut halogen ca HC.
- V tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc c trng dn xut halogen ca HC.
- V nhng ng dng dn xut halogen ca HC.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
32
I-Khi nim, phn loi, ng phn v danh php.

1. Khi nim:
2. Phn loi
a) Theo tn ca dn xut halogen.
b) Theo gc hirocacbon.
c) Theo bc C phn loi bc ca dn xut halogen.
3. ng phn v danh php
a) ng phn
- ng phn mch C.
- ng phn v v tr nhm chc
Vd: FCH2-CH2-CH2-CH3, CH3-CHF-CH2-CH3
FCH2(CH3)2, (CH3)2CHF-CH3
b) Tn gi
- Tn thng thng.
Vd: .
- Tn gc chc: Tn gc hirocacbon + tn halogenua.
Vd: .
. .
- Tn thay th: Coi cc nguyn t halogeln l nhng nhm
th nh vo mch chnh ca H,C
Vd: .
.
.. .
II- TNH CHT VT L
- kt cc dn xut ca halogen c phn t khi nh nh
CH3Cl, CH3Br l nhng cht kh.
- Cc dn xut halogen c phn t khi ln hn th lng,
nng hn nc: CHCl 3, C6H5Br
- Nhng dn xut polihalogen c phn t khi ln hn na
th rn: CHI3, C6H6Cl6
- Nhiu dn xut halogen c hot tnh sinh hc cao: CHCl 3
c tc dng gy m, C 6H6Cl6 c tc dng dit su b
III- TNH CHT HO HC
1. Phn ng th nguyn t hal bng nhm -OH
a) Tin hnh th nghim: (SGK)
33
DX hal ra sch Cl-Lc vi H2O, gn ly lp H2O,

axit ho bng HNO3, nh vo dd AgNO3un si
vi H2O, gn ly lp H2O, axit ho bng HNO3, nh
vo dd AgNO3un vi dd NaOH, gn ly lp H2O,
axit ho bng HNO3, nh vo dd AgNO3Propyl
cloruaK c K c C AgCl Allyl cloruaK c C
AgCl C AgCl ClobenzenK c K c K c
b) Gii thch
- Dn xut ankyl halogenua khng phn ng c vi
nc t0 thng cng nh khi un si, nhng b thu phn
khi un nng vi dung dch kim to ancol:
CH3CH2CH2Cl + OH-
propyl halogenua
Cl sinh ra c nhn bit bng AgNO 3 di dng AgCl .
- Dn xut loi allyl halogenua b thu phn ngay khi un
si vi nc:
34
RCH=CHCH2-X + H2O .
- Dn xut loi phenyl halogenua khng phn ng vi dd
kim nhit thng cng nh khi un si, chng ch
phn ng nhit v p sut cao:
300 0 C,200at
+ NaOH
Cl
ONa + NaCl + H2O
c) S lc v c ch phn ng th nguyn t hal

+
C
X
Tu thuc vo bn cht ca dn xut hal v k tin hnh
phn ng, s th nguyn t hal c th xy ra theo cc c
ch khc nhau.
Th d: Dn xut hal no bc III di tc dng ca dung
mi phn cc b phn ct d li mc khng ng k:
Br
H3C-C-CH3
H3C-C-CH3
+ Br
(1)
CH3
CH3
Cacbocation sinh ra kt hp ngay vi OH - to thnh ancol:
+
H C-C-CH
3
OH
OH
H3C-C-CH3
CH3
(2)
CH3
- Giai on 2 xy ra nhanh v khng thun nghch, v th

n lm cho cn bng 1 chuyn dch v pha phi dn ti s
th hon ton Br bng OH.
2. Phn ng tch hiro halogenua
a) Th nghim
- un si dd gm C 2H5Br v KOH trong C 2H5OH. Nhn
bit kh sing ra bng nc brom.
b) Gii thch
- Kh sinh ra lm mt mu nc Br ng thi to thnh
git cht lng khng tan trong nc C 2H4Br2.iu
chng t phn ng tch xy ra:
HCH2 CH2 Br + KOH
ancol,t0
CH2=CH 2 + KBr + H 2O
c) Hng ca phn ng tch HX

CH2-CH-CH2-CH3
H
Br H
KOH, ancol,t
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 (chinh)
-HBr
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 (phu)
- Qui tc Zai-xp: Khi tch HX khi dn xut hal, nguyn

t hal X u tin tch ra cng vi H ca nguyn t C bc
cao hn bn cnh.
3. Phn ng vi Mg
a) Th nghim
Cho bt Mg vo ietyl ete khan, khuy mnh, bt Mg
35
IV . Luyn tp:
1/ Hon thnh s chuyn ha sau bng cc phng trnh ha hc:
a/ Etan cloetan etyl magie clorua.
b/ Butan 2- brombutan but-2-en CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3
2/ Dn xut halogen bc II l:
A. 2clo2metylpropan
C. Anlyl clorua
B. Benzen clorua
D. 2 Clo butan
3/ ng phn ca C4H9Cl l:
A. 4
B. 5
C. 3
D. 6
4/ un nh 0,1 mol C6H5Cl v 0,2 mol 0,2 mol C6H5CH2Cl vi dung dch NaOH. S mol NaOH tham
gia phn ng l:
A. 0,1 mol
B. 0,2 mol
C. 0,3 mol
D. 0,4 mol
5/ Phn tch hp cht hu c X c dng C xHyClz thy % khi lng cc nguyn t nh sau: 51,89%C;
38,38% Cl; cn li l H. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A.C4H9Cl
B.C3H7Cl
C.C2H5Cl
D.CH3Cl
=============================================
Bi 52: LUYN TP: DN XUT HALOGEL
Cu 1:Kin thc cn nm vng v phn ng th, phn ng tch.
Cu 2:Nu quy tc Zai-xp ?
Cu 3: Bi tp sgk (1-8) trang 219.
- V kin thc phn ng th, phn ng tch.
- V quy tc Zai-xp ?
- V bi tp sgk (1-8) trang 219.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I-Kin thc cn nm vng:
1. Phn ng th:
2. Phn ng tch:
.
.. .
Qui tc Zai-xp: Khi tch HX khi dn xut hal, nguyn
t hal X u tin tch ra cng vi H ca nguyn t C bc
cao hn bn cnh.
II. Bi tp:
Ssgk (1-8) trang 219.
IV . Luyn tp:
1/ Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc sau:
a/ Br-C6H4CH2Br + NaOH (long, nng )
b/ Br-C6H4CH2Br + NaOH (c, nng )
c/ CH3CH2Br + Mg
d/ CH3CH2MgBr tc dng vi CO 2 sau thy phn sn phm thu c trong dung dch axit HBr.
2/ Cht no l dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon:
A. CH3 CH2 Br
B. CH3 CH2OH
C. CaCl2
D. HCl
36
3/ Benzylbromua c cng thc cu to:

A. C6H5 CH2 Br
B. C6H5 Br
C. CH3CH2 Br
D. CH3Br
4/ Cht A l dn xut monoclo ca hidrocacbon no. T khi ca A so vi hidro l: 32,25. Cng thc
phn t ca A:
A. CH3Cl
B. C2H3Cl
C. C2H5Cl
D. C3H7Cl
5/ Clo ha mt akan c dn xut mono c cha: 33,33% clo v khi lng ankan l:
A. C2H6
B. C3H8.
C. C4H10
D. C5H12
6/ Khi un nng etylclorua trong dung dch KOH v C2H5OH ta thu c:
A. Etilen
B. Etanol
C. Axetien
D. Etan
=============================================
Bi 53 : ANCOL: CU TO, DANH PHP, TNH CHT VT L
Cu 1: nh ngha, phn loi, ng phn v danh php ca an col ?
Cu 2: Ancol c tnh cht vt l nh th no ?
Cu 3: Nh th no l lin kt hidro ? Gii thch v sao gia cc phn t ancol c lin kt hidro?
Cu 4: Lin kt hidro nh hng nh th no n tnh cht vt l ?
- V nh ngha, phn loi, ng phn v danh php ca an col.
- V tnh cht vt l.
- V lin kt hidro.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I- NH NGHA, PHN LOI, NG PHN, DANH
PHP
1. nh ngha
Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm
hiroxyl (-OH) lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t C no.
- Cc ancol no, n chc, mch h hp thnh dy ng
ng ca ancol etylic c cng thc chung C nH2n+1OH (n
1).
2. Phn loi
- Theo cu to gc hirocacbon
- Theo s lng nhm hiroxyl trong phn t.
Vd: da vo bng 8.2 (sgk)
3. ng phn, danh php
a) ng phn
- ng phn nhm chc.
Vd:.
- ng phn mch C.
Vd:.
- ng phn v v tr nhm chc.
Vd:.
b) Danh php
- Tn thng thng:
Ancol + tn gc hirocacbon + ic
Vd:.
- Tn thay th:
Tn hirocacbon tng ng + s ch v tr + ol
37
+ Mch chnh c qui nh l mch C di nht c cha

nhm OH.
+ S ch v tr c bt u t pha gn nhm OH hn.
Vd:.
.
.
II - TNH CHT VT L V LIN KT HIDRO
CA ANCOL
1. Tnh cht vt l
Theo di bng 8.3 SGK
- k thng cc ancol t CH 3OH n khong C 12H25OH
l cht lng, C13H27OH tr ln l cht rn.
- Cc ancol c t 1 n 3 nguyn t C tran v hn trong
nc. Khi s nguyn t C tng th tan gim dn.
- Cc poliol thng snh, nng hn nc v c v ngt.
- Cc ancol trong dy ng ng ca ancol etylic u l
nhng cht khng mu.
2. Lin kt hiro
a) Khi nim v lin kt hiro:
(Da vo bng 8.4 sgk)
- Nhn thy nhit nng chy, nhit si, tan trong
nc ca ancolcao hn so vi cc H,C ; dn xut hal; ete
c phn t khi chnh lch nhau khng nhiu.
- Nguyn t H mang mt phn in tch dng (+) ca
nhm -OH ny khi gn nguyn t O mang mt phn in
tch m (-)ca nhm -OH kia th to thnh mt lin kt
yu gi l lin kt hiro, biu din bng du
...O-H...O-H...O-H... ...O-H...O-H...O-H... ...O-H...O-H...O-H...
R H R
R
H H H
R R
b) nh hng ca lin kt hiro n tnh cht vt l
Do c lin kt hiro gia cc phn t vi nhau (lin kt
hiro lin phn t), cc phn t ancol ht nhau mnh hn
so vi cc phn t c cng khi lng phn t nhng
khng c lin kt hir (H,C ; dn xut hal; ete ). V vy
cn phi cung cp nhit nhiu hn chuyn ancol t
trng thi rn sang trng thi lng (nng chy) cng nh t
trng thi lng sang trng thi kh (si).
Cc phn t ancol nh mt mt c s tng ng vi
cc phn t nc, mt khc li c kh nng to lin kt
hiro vi nc , nn c th xen gia cc phn t nc, gn
kt vi cc phn t nc. V th chng ho tan tt trong
nc.
IV- Luyn tp:
1/ C4H10O c s ng phn ancol l:
A. 3
B. 2
C. 4
2/ Cht no sau y l cht lng snh, nng hn nc, c v ngt ?
A. CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH
C. CH3OH
B. C2H5OH
D. C6H5CH2OH
38
D. 5
3/ Lin kt no sau y lm nhit si ca ancol etylic cao hn nhit si ca etan ?

A.
...O H O H
C.
...O H OH
C2H5
C2H5
C2H5
H
B.
...O H H O
D. C2H5OH C2H5OH
C2H5
C2H5
4/C 3 l ng ring bit cc cht: isopropylbenzen(A), ancolbenzylic(B), metylphenylete (C).
a. Gi tn khc ca mi cht (nu bit).
b. Hy sp xp cc cht theo th t tng dn nhit si, gii thch.
5/ t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp hai ancol A, B no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng thu c 4,48 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 4,95 g nc.
a/ Tm CTPT, vit CTCT ca 2 ancol.
b/ Tnh thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi ancol trong hn hp.
=============================================
Bi 54: ANCOL: TNH CHT HA HC, IU CH V NG DNG
Cu 1: Ancol c nhng tnh cht ha hc c trng no? Vit pthh minh ha.
Cu 2: Trnh by cc phng php iu ch ancol ?
Cu 3: Nu nhng ng dng ca etanol, metanol.
- V tnh cht ha hc c trng .
- V phng php iu ch v ng dng ca ancol.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Cc kin thc ca hc sinh ghi
Ni dung bi hc
ch
III- TNH CHT HO HC
1. Phn ng th H ca nhm OH ancol
a) Phn ng chung ca ancol:
- Ancol etylic tc dng natri:
C2H5OH + Na .
- Ancol tc dng vi kim loi kim to ra ancolat v gii phng
H2.
ROH + Na .......................................................
- Ancol hu nh khng tham gia phn ng vi NaOH, ngc
li natri ancolat b thu phn hon ton.
RONa + HOH .....................................................
b) Phn ng ring ca glixerol
- Glixerol tc dng vi Cu(OH) 2 to thnh phc mu xanh da
tri.
CH2-OH
HO-CH 2
CH -OH + HO-Cu-OH + HO-CH
CH 2-OH
HO-CH2
CH2-OH
CH -O
CH2-OH
Cu
HO-CH 2
O-CH + 2HOH
HO-CH2
- Phn ng ny dng nhn bit cc poliancol c cc nhm

-OH nh vi nhng nguyn t C cnh nhau.
2. Phn ng th nhm OH ancol
a/ Phn ng vi axit:
- Ancol tc dng vi cc axit mnh nh axit H 2SO4 m c
lnh, axit nitric m c, axit halogenhiric bc khi. Nhm
OH ancol b th bi gc axit.
39
ROH + HA RA + H2O
Vd: ...................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
b/ Phn ng vi ancol:
- un etanol vi H 2SO4 c, 1400C
C2H5OH + C2H5OH
H2SO4
140
C2H5OC2H5 + H2O
3. Phn ng tch nc
- un nng vi H2SO4 c 1700C anken
CH3-CH2OH
.
- Hng tch tun theo qui tc tch Zai-xp:
4. Phn ng oxi ho
Ancol bc 1 b oxi ho nh thnh anehit.
R-CH2-OH + CuO
....................................
Ancol bc 2 b oxi ho nh thnh xeton.
R-CHOH-R + CuO
.
Ancol bc 3 b oxi ho mnh th gy mch C.
Ancol chy to thnh CO 2, H2O v to nhit.
CnH2n + 1OH +
O 2 ..
IV- IU CH V NG DNG
1. iu ch
a) iu ch etanol trong cng nghip :
- Hirat ho etilen c xc tc axit:( xt H 2SO4, 3000C)
CH2=CH2 + HOH ........................... ...................
- Ln men tinh bt:
(C6H10O5)n + n H2O enzim nC6H12O6
Tinh bt
C6H12O6
glucoz
enzim
2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2
b) Sn xut metanol
- Oxi ho khng hon ton metan.
2 CH4 + O2
Cu
0
200 , 100 at
2 CH3OH
- T CO v kh H 2.
CO + 2 H2
ZnO, CrO3
0
400 , 200at
CH3OH
2. ng dng
a/ ng dng ca etanol:
40
00
SO4 t t
+ HCuO
2
0
170 C
b/ ng dng ca metanol:
IV. Luyn tp:

1/ Hon thnh s chuyn ha sau;
CH3-CH=CH2 CH2=CHCH2Cl CH2Cl-CH(OH)CH2Cl C3H5(OH)3 ng (II) glixerat.
2/ nhn bit glixerol ngi ta dng:
A. Dung dch Cu(OH)2
C. Dung dch AgNO3
B. Dung dch CuSO4
D. CH3CH2OH
3/ Ancol no n hc mch h X to c ete Y. T khi hi ca Y so vi X gn bng 1,16. Tn ca X
l:
A. Metanol.
C. Propanol.
B. Etanol.
D. Propan-2-ol.
4/ X l ancol no n chc, h; t khi ca X so vi hidro l 23. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. CH3OH
B. CH3CHO
C. C2H5OH
D. CH3COOH
5/ Khi lng kim loi Na cn tc dng vi 80g C2H5OH l:
A. 30g
B. 35g
C. 40g
D. 45g
6/ t chy hon ton 15,4 gam hh 2 ancol no, mch h c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t, thu
c 13,44 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 16,2 gam nc.
a/ Tm CTPT, vit CTCT ca 2 ancol.
b/ Cho 15,4 gam hh 2 ancol trn tc dng vi Na th s c bao nhiu lt H 2 (ktc) thot ra ?
=============================================
Bi 55: PHENOL
Cu 1: nh ngha, phn loi, tnh cht vt l ca phnol.
Cu 2:Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca phenol ?
Cu 3: Phng php iu ch v ng dng ca phenol.
- V nh ngha, phn loi, tnh cht vt l ca phnol.
- V tnh cht ha hc c trng ca phenol .
- V iu ch v ng dng ca phenol.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I. NH NGHA, PHN LOI V TNH CHT VT
L
1. nh ngha
Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m trong phn t c
cha nhm hiroxyl lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t C ca
vng benzen.
Ch :- Phenol cng l tn ring ca C 6H5OH. l
phenol n gin nht v tiu biu cho cc phenol.
- Cht c nhm OH nh vo mch nhnh ca ca vng
thm th cht khng thuc loi phenol m thuc loi
ancol thm.
Vd: .
41
2. Phn loi
- Nhng phenol m phn t c cha 1 nhm OH thuc loi
monophenol.
OH
OH
OH
OH
CH3
CH3
CH3
phenol o-crezol
m-crezol
p-crezol
- Nhng phenol m phn t c cha nhiu nhm OH thuc
loi poliphenol.
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
catechol
rezoxinol
hiroquinol
3. Tnh cht vt l
- L cht rn khng mu, tan t trong nc lnh, tan v hn
660C, tan tt trong dung mi hu c.
- D chy ra v thm mu dn do ht m v b oxi ha
biooxi khng kh.
- c, khi tip xc vi da s gy bng,thng l cht rn,
c nhit si cao.
- C lin kt H lin phn t nh ancol.
II - TNH CHT HO HC
1. Tnh axit
- Cn c vo cu to ta thy phenol c tnh axit nn tan
trong NaOH to thnh mui C 6H5ONa.
C6H5-OH + NaOH .
- phenol t tan trong nc nhit thng
- Phenol c tnh axit yu, yu hn c axit H 2CO3. nhit
thng phenol t tan trong nc nn lm cho nc b
vn c.
C6H5ONa + CO2 + H2O
- Phenol c tnh axit mnh hn ancol nhng yu hn c
axit cacbonic.Dung dch phenol khng lm i mu qu
tm.
2. Phn ng th vng thm
- Nh nc brom vo dd phenol:
C6H5OH + Br2 .
Phn ng ny dng nhn bit phenol
c) Nhn xt
Phn ng thr vo nhn thm ca phenol d hn benzen,
k m du hn th vo cc v tr ortho v para.
3. nh hng qua li gia cc nhm nguyn t trong
phn t phenol
42
:O
- Lin kt OH tr ln phn cc hn, lm cho nguyn t H

linh ng hn d phn li cho mt lng nh cation H +. Do
phenol co kh nng th hin tnh axit.
- Mt e trong vng benzen tng ln lm cho phn ng
th d dng hn v u tin th vo v tr ortho v para.
- Lin kt C-O tr nn bn vng hn so vi ancol, v th
nhm OH ca ancol khng b th bi gc axit nh nhm
OH ca ancol.
III - IU CH V NG DNG
1. iu ch
- Sn xut ng thi phenol v axeton :
.
.
.
- Ngoi ra cn c tch t nha than .
2.ng dng:
IV. Luyn tp:

1/ Tm cu ng khi ni v phenol.
A. Phenol tc dng vi Na, khng tc dng vi NaOH
B. Phenol l nhng hp cht c nhm OH lin kt vi nguyn t cacbon no.
C. Phenol khng tc dng vi Na, ch tc dng vi NaOH.
D. Phenol l nhng hp cht c nhm OH lin kt vi nguyn t cacbon ca vng benzen.
2/ Cht no l phenol trong cc cht sau:
A. C6H5NO2
C. C6H5 OH
B. C6H5 CH2 OH
D. C2H5OH
3/ Cho ln lt cc cht: C2H5Cl, C2H5OH, C6H5OH vo dung dch NaOH, un nng, s cht c phn
ng l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. khng cht no
4/ Thuc th nhn bit phenol, sitren, etanol l:
A. Dung dch Br2
C. Dung dch HNO3
B. Dung dch KMnO4
D. Dung dch NaOH
5/ Cho 14g hn hp A: C2H5OH, C6H5OH tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,24lit H2 (ktc). Khi lng
C6H5OH l:
A. 4,6g
B. 4,2g
C. 4,8g
D. 9,4g
6/ Cho 9,4g phenol tc dng vi dung dch Br2 d. Khi lng 2,4,6 tribromphenol to thnh l:
A. 33,1g
B. 3,31g
C. 29,7g
D. 25,1g
=============================================
Bi 56: LUYN TP: ANCOL, PHENOL
Cu 1:Cn nm vng v cu trc, tnh cht ha hc, iu ch v ng dng ca ancol v phenol.
Cu 2: Bi tp 1-7 sgk trang 235.
- V cu trc, tnh cht ha hc, iu ch v ng dng ca ancol v phenol.
43
- V bi tp 1-7 sgk trang 235.

III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I - KIN THC CN NH
Ancol
Phenol
Cu
trc
Tnh
cht
ha hc
iu
ch
ng
dng
II. Bi tp: (1-7)
Sgk trang 235
IV. Luyn tp:
1/. Ancol X b oxi ha thnh andehit. c im cu to ca X l:
A. Ancol bc I
C. Ancol no, n chc.
B. Ancol bc II
D. Ancol a chc.
2/ t chy hon ton 1 mol ancol n chc no c 10 H trong phn t cn s mol O2 l:
A. 3 mol
B. 4 mol
C. 6 mol
D. 1,5 mol
3/ t chy hon ton 1,38 gam ancol A thu c 1,344lit kh CO2 (ktc) v 1,62gam H2O. Cng thc
cu to thu gn ca A l:
A. C2H5OH
B. CH3OH
C. C3H7OH
D. C4H9OH
4/ Hy chn pht biu ng:
A. Phenol l cht c mt hay nhiu nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi cacbon ca nhn benzen.
B. Phenol l cht c nhm OH, trong phn t c cha nhn benzen.
C.Phenol l cht c nhm OH khng lin kt trc tip vi cacbon ca nhn benzen.
D.Phenol l cht c nhm OH gn trn mch nhnh ca hidrocacbon thm.
5/ C7H8O c s ng phn ca phnol l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
6/ Phn ng no di y l ng ?
A. C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O
B. C2H5OH + NaOH C2H5ONa + H2O
C. C6H5OH + HCl C6H5OCl + H2O
D. 2C6H5ONa + CO2 + H2O 2C6H5OH + Na2CO3
7/ Cho 0,94gam phenol tc dng ht vi dung dch brom, sau phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. gi tr
m l:
A. 3,31 gam.
B. 33,1 gam.
C. 17,4 gam.
D. 1,74 gam.
8/ Cho cc phng trnh phn ng theo s sau:
C6H6
Cl2, Fe
(1)
cao, p cao
B ddNaOH c,t
(2)
HCl
(3)
C6H5OH
44
Hiu sut ca qu trnh trn l 80% , nu lng benzen ban u l 2,34 tn th khi lng phenol thu
c l :
A. 2,256 tn
B. 2,82 tn
C. 3,525 tn
D. 3,654 tn
9/ em kh nc t 16gam hn hp 2 ancol n no k tip nhau trong dy ng ng bng H2SO4m
c, 1700C, thu c hn hp 2 olefin v 5,58 gam nc. Cng thc ca 2 ancol l:
A.C2H5OH, C3H7OH
C.C3H7OH, C4H9OH
B.CH3OH, C2H5OH
D.C4H9OH, C5H11OH
10/ Cho 16,6 g hn hp hai ancol no n chc mch h nm k tip nhau trong dy ng ng phn
ng vi Na d th thu c 3,36 lit kh (ktc). Phn trm khi lng tng ancol l :
A. 27,71% v 72,29%
D. 30% v 70%
B. 27% v 73%
C. 33% v 67%
=============================================
Bi 57: THC HNH
Tnh cht ca mt vi dn xut halogen, ancol, phenol
I - Chun b
1. Dng c th nghim
ng nghim
ng ht nh git
n cn
Gi ng nghim
B gi th nghim n gin
2. Ho cht
1,2-icloetan hoc clorofom
Dung dch NaOH 20%
Dung dch NaOH 10%
HNO3
HCl
Dung dch CuSO 4 5%
Glixerol
Etanol
Dung dch phenol bo ho
Dung dch nc brom
II. Ni dung bi :
Ni dung bi hc
Th nghim 1 : Thy phn dn xut halogen.
- Thm 2ml nc ct vo ng nghim cha 0,5 ml 1,2icloetan hoc clorofom. Cho tip 1 ml dd NaOH 20% vo
ng nghim. un si, gn ly lp nc, axit ha bng HNO3
ri th bng dd AgNO3 . Quan st hin tng xy ra.
Th nghim 2: Tc dng ca glixerol vi ng (II) hidroxit.
- Cho vo 2 ng nghim , mi ng 3 git dd CuSO4 5% v 2ml
dd NaOH 10%. Lc nh. Nh tip vo ng th nht 5 git
glixerol, vo ng th hai 5 git etanol ri lc nh. Quan st s
bin i ca kt ta v mu ca dung dch. Sau nh t t
dung dch HCl vo c hai ng nghim v quan st hin tng
xy ra.
Th nghim 3: Tc dng ca phenol vi brom.
- Nh t t tng git nc brom vo ng nghim cha dung
dch phenol. Quan st hin tng xy ra v vit pthh ca phn
ng.
Th nghim 4: Phn bit etanol, glixerol v phenol.
- Phn bit 3 dung dch etanol, glixerol v phenol cha trong
3 l khng nhn.
1. Tn HS : Lp : 11
2. Tn bi thc hnh : Tnh cht ca mt vi dn xut halogen, ancol v phenol.
45

Th nghim 1 : Thy phn dn xut halogen.
Th nghim 2 : Tc dng ca glixerol vi ng (II) hidroxit.
Th nghim 3 Tc dng ca phenol vi bom.
Th nghim 4: Phn bit etanol, glixerol v phenol.
=============================================
CHNG 9: ANEHIT XETON AXIT CACBOXYLIC
Bi 58: ANEHIT V XETON
Cu 1: nh ngha, cu trc, phn loi, danh php v tnh cht vt l ca andehit xeton.
Cu 2: Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca andehit xeton.
Cu 3: Phng php iu ch v ng dng ca andehit xeton.
- V nh ngha, cu trc, phn loi, danh php v tnh cht vt l ca andehit xeton
- V tnh cht ha hc c trng ca andehit xeton.
- V iu ch v ng dng ca andehit xeton.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I. nh ngha, cu trc, phn loi, danh php v tnh cht
vt l:
1. nh ngha v cu trc:
a. nh ngha:
* anehit l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t cha nhm
CH=O lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon hoc nguyn
t H.
Vd: ...................................................................................
* Xeton l hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm C=O lin kt
vi 2 nguyn t cacbon.
Vd:.................................................................... .....................
b. Cu trc ca nhm cacbonyl:
Nguyn t C trng thi lai ho sp2. Trong lin kt C=O, cp
electron lch v pha nguyn t oxi nn lin kt ny c nhng
im ging v khc so vi lin kt C=C.
2. Phn loi:Da theo cu to ca gc RH, ta chia thnh 3
loi: no, khng no v thm.
Vd: ............................................................................................
3. Danh php:
a. Anehit = Tn hirocacbon + al.
Vd: ...........................................................................................
Mt s anehit n gin c gi theo tn thng.
Vd: ...........................................................................................
b. Xeton: - Tn hirocacbon + on
Vd: ...........................................................................................
- Tn gc hirocacbon + xeton
Vd: ...........................................................................................
Andehit thm: ..........................................................................
Xeton thm: .............................................................................
4. Tnh cht vt l:
Fomanehit (-190C) v axetanehit (210C) l nhng cht kh
khng mu, mi xc, tan rt tt trong nc v trong cc dung
mi hu c.
46
- Axeton l cht lng rt d bay hi(57 0C), tan v hn trong

nc v ho tan c nhiu cht hu c khc.
- Nhit si ca xeton, anehit cao hn ca hirocacbon
tng ng nhng thp hn ancol.
- Mi andehit hoc xeton c mi ring bit.
II. Tnh cht ho hc:
1. Phn ng cng:
a. Phn ng cng hiro (phn ng kh)
Khi c xc tc Ni un nng: anehit to ancol bc I, cn xeton
to ancol bc II.
CH3CHO + H2 .
CH3COCH3 + H2 .
b. Phn ng cng nc, HCN:
CH2=O + HOH
.
CH3COCH3 + HCN
2. Phn ng oxiho:
a. Tc dng vi brom v KMnO4:
- Anehit lm mt mu dung dch nc brom v dung dch
thuc tm cn xeton th khng.
RCH=O + Br2+ H2O .................................................
b. Tc dng vi ion bc trong ddNH3.
RCHO + [Ag(NH3)2]OH ..
3. Phn ng gc hirocacbon.
Nguyn t hiro cnh nhm cabonyl d tham gia phn ng.
CH3COCH3+Br2 ..
III. iu ch v ng dng:
1. iu ch:
a. T ancol: oxiho ancol bc I:
b. T hirocacbon:
- Oxiho khng hon ton CH4:
CH4+ O2 .............................................................
- Oxiho etilen:
CH2=CH2 + O2
- Oxiho cumen ri ch ho vi H2SO4long.
....................................................................................................
2. ng dng:
a/ Fomandehit:
...
b/ Axetandehit:
..
c/ Axeton:
.
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ Pht biu no sau y l chnh xc?
A. Anehit va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh.
B. Anehit ch c tnh oxi ha.
C. Anehit ch c tnh kh.
D. So vi ru tng ng th anehit c nhit si cao hn.
2/ Ha cht no sau y dng phn bit anehit fomic v anehit axetic?
A. AgNO3/NH3
B. Na.
C Na2CO3
D. H2.
3/ Cho s chuyn ha:
Cl2 , as
CuO, t0
d d NaOH
47
C
phenol xt
nh a phenol
foman hit
a/ Cng thc ca A l:
A. C2H2.
B. C6H6.
C. C2H6.
D. CH4.
b/ Cng thc cu to ng ca C l:
A. CH3-OH.
B. CH3Cl
C. H-CHO.
D.CH3CHO.
4/ T C2H2 iu ch HCHO cn t nht bao nhiu phn ng:
A. 6.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4
5/ Khi t chy mt anehit no, n chc, mch h thu c:
A. S mol nc bng s mol CO2.
C. S mol nc b hn s mol CO2.
B. S mol nc ln hn s mol CO2.
D. S mol nc bng 2 ln s mol CO2.
6/ iu ch CH3CHO t Al4C3 cn t nht bao nhiu phng trnh phn ng:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
.
7/ Cho 0,92g hn hp gm axetilen v anehit axetic phn ng hon tn vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d
th thu c 5,64g hn hp rn. Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca axetilen trong hn hp l:
A. 28,26%.
B. 32,98%.
C. 35,54%.
D. 23,45%.
=============================================
Bi 59. LUYN TP : ANEHIT V XETON
Cu 1: Cn nm vng v cu trc, lk hidro, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc, iu ch v ng dng
ca andehit xeton.
Cu 2: Bi tp 1- 12 ( sgk trang 246-247).
- V cu trc, lk hidro, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc, iu ch v ng dng ca andehit xeton.
- V bi tp 1- 12 ( sgk trang 246-247).
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I. Kin thc cn nm vng:
Andehit
Xeton
Cu
trc
Lin
kt H
Tnh
cht
vt l
Tnh
cht
ha
hc
iu
ch
ng
dng
II. Bi tp:
1- 12 ( sgk trang 246-247).
IV. Luyn tp:
48
1/Cho hp cht B: (CH3)2CHCHO. Tn gi quc t ca B l:

A. 2- Metylpropanal.
C. Isopropanal.
B. Isobutanal.
D. C A, B u ng.
2/ Cho cc cht: HCHO(I); CH3CHO(II); C2H5Cl (III) ; CH3OH (IV)
Chiu gim dn nhit si ca cc cht:
A. (IV) > (III) > (II) > ( I).
B. (IV) > (II) > (III) > (I).
D. (IV) > (II) > (I) > (III).
C. (IV) > (I) > (III) > (II).
3/ Cho cc cht: Axeton, anehit axetic, ru isopropylic. nhn bit anehit axetic ta dng ha
cht:
A. AgNO3/NH3
C. Cu(OH)2/NaOH
B. NaOH
D. C A, C u ng.
4/ Focmon l dung dch anehit focmic trong nc c nng :
A. 2-5%.
B. 50-70%.
C. 10-20%.
D. Khong 40%.
5/ Cho s chuyn ha :
v i ti, xut
CH3C OONa
Cl2, As
d d NaOH
CuO , T0
Ag NO3/ NH3
a/ Cng thc cu to ca A l:
A. CH3ONa.
B. C2H2.
C. CH4.
D. C2H4.
b/ Cng thc cu to ca E l:
A. HCHO.
B. HCOONH4
C. C2H5OH.
D. HCOOH.
6/ Oxi ha m gam ru n chc bc mt A bng CuO nhit cao th thu c anehit B. Hn hp
kh v hi thu c sau phn ng c chia lm ba phn bng nhau.
Phn 1 cho tc dng vi Na d th thu c 5,6lit kh H2(kc).
Phn 2 cho tc dng dng dch AgNO3/NH3 d th thu c 64,8gAg.
Phn 3 em t chy hon ton bng O2 c 33,6lit(kc) v 27gH2O.
a/ Hiu sut phn ng oxi ha ru thnh anehit l:
A. 60%.
D. 67%. B. 34%.
C. 65%.
b/ Cng thc cu to ca A l:
A. C2H5OH.
B. CH2=CH-CH2OH.
C. CH3OH.
D. CH2=CH- CH2CH2OH.
=============================================
Bi 60: AXIT CACBOXYLIC
CU TRC, DANH PHP V TNH CHT VT L
Cu 1: nh ngha, phn loi v danh php ca axit cacboxylic.
Cu 2: Cu trc v tnh cht vt l ca axit cacboxylic.
- V nh ngha, phn loi, danh php ca axit cacboxylic.
- V cu trc v tnh cht vt l ca axit cacboxylic.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I. nh ngha, phn loi, danh php:
1. nh ngha v cu trc:
a. nh ngha:
* axit l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t cha nhm
cacboxyl (-COOH) lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon
hoc nguyn t H .
2. Phn loi:
- Axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h: v d ......................
Cng thc chung: ...................................................................
- Axit cacboxylic khng no, n chc, mch h:
V d ........................................................................................
49
- Axit cacboxylic thm:

V d ................................................................................
- Axit cacboxylic a chc:
V d ................................................................................
3. Danh php:
a/ Tn IUPAC:
axit + tn hirocacbon tng ng + oic
V d ................................................................................
b/ Tn thng ca axit: gn vi lch s tm ra chng.
V d ................................................................................
II. Cu trc v tnh cht vt l:
1/ Cu trc:
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
2/ Tnh cht vt l:
- L nhng cht lng hoc rn, c nhit si v nng chy
cao hn ca anehit, xeton v ancol tng ng.
- Gia cc phn t axit cacboxylic c lin kt hidro
- Cc axit C1, C2, C3 tan v hn trong nc, khi s nguyn t
C cng tng ln th tnh tan cng gim.
- Axit thng c v chua ring bit.
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ Cng thc chung ca cc axit cacboxylic n chc, no, mch h l:
A. CnH2nO2(n 0).
B. CnH2n+1-2kCOOH(n 0).
C. CnH2n+1COOH(n 0)
D. (CH2O)n.
2/ Gim n l dung dch c nng 2 - 5% ca:
A. Axit fomic
B . Axit propionic
C. Axit axetic.
D. Axit acrylic.
3/ Tn quc t ca axit cacboxylic c cng thc cu to l:
CH3
CH
CH
CH3
CH3
COOH
A. Axit 2-metyl - 3 - etylbutanoic.

C. Axit - i -2,3 - metylpentaoic.
B. Axit 3-etyl - 2 - metylbutanoic.
D. Axit 2,3 - imetylbutanoic.
4/ Cho cc cht: C2H5Cl (a), CH3CHO (b), CH3COOH (c), CH3CH2OH (d). Nhit si ca cc cht
gim dn nh sau:
A. (d) > (b) > (c) > (a).
D. (c) > (a) > (b) > (d).
B. (a) > (c) > (b) > (d).
C. (c) > (d) > (a) > (b).
5/ Axit cacboxylic n chc, no A c t khi hi so vi xy l 2,75. Vy cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C2H4O2 .B. C3H6O2.
C. C4H8O2. D. C4H6O2.
=============================================
Bi 61: AXIT CACBOXYLIC:
TNH CHT HA HC, IU CH V NG DNG
Cu 1: Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca axit cacboxylic.
Cu 2: Phng php iu ch v ng dng ca axit cacboxylic.
- V Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca axit cacboxylic.
- V phng php iu ch v ng dng ca axit cacboxylic.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
I. Tnh cht ho hc:
1. Tnh axit v nh hng ca nhm th:
- Xt axit: R-COOH
50
..
+ Nu R l nhm y electron (+I) s lm tnh axit gim.

+ Nu R l nhm ht electron (-I) s lm tnh axit tng.
VD: mnh ca axit tng dn
C2H5COOH< CH3COOH<HCOOH
- Cc nguyn t c m in gc R ht electron ca nhm
cacboxyl nn lm tng lc axit.
V d: CH3-COOH < ClCH2COOH < FCH2COOH
2. Phn ng to thnh dn xut axit:
a. Phn ng vi ancol (phn ng este ho)
RCOOH + ROH ..............................................................
axit
ancol
* c im:- phn ng thn nghch
* Xc tc: H2SO4 c v un nng.
Vd: .........................................................................................
b. Phn ng tch nc lin phn t:
Khi gp cht ht nc mnh nh P2O5. Phn t axit b tch
nc to ra anhirit
RCOOH + RCOOH
Vd: ..
3. Phn ng gc hirocacbon:
a. Phn ng th gc no:
CH3CH2COOH + Cl2
b. Phn ng th gc thm:
Nhm COOH lm cho kh nng phn ng ca vng benzen
gim v nh hng th vo v tr metaCOOH
COOH
HONO2
h 2so 4
h 2o
NO2
c. Phn ng cng vo gc khng no:

Axit no c phn ng cng vo gc khng no (tri vi quy tc
cng Maccopnhicop)
CH3CH=CH-COOH+ Br2
III. iu ch v ng dng:
1. iu ch:
a. Trong phng th nghim:
- oxiho hirocacbon, ancol
C6H5-CH3 C6H5-COOK C6H5-COOH
- i t dn xut halogen:
RX R-CN H RCOOH
b. Trong cng nghip:
- Ln men gim:
C2H5OH + O2 ..
- oxiho anehit axetic:
CH3CHO + O2
- i t metanol:
CH3OH + CO
2. ng dng:
a/ Axit axetic:
.
.
b/ Cc axit khc:
51
KCN

.
.
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ mnh ca cc axit: HCOOH(I), CH3COOH(II), CH3CH2COOH(III), (CH3)2CHCOOH(IV) theo
th t tng dn l:
A. I < II < III < IV.
B. IV < III < II < I.
C. II < IV < III < I.
D. IV < II < III < I.
2/ phn bit HCOOH v CH3COOH ngi ta dng:
A. Dung dch NaOH.
B. Na.
C. Dung dch Na2CO3
D. AgNO3/NH3.
3/ Trong phn ng:
1:1
COOH
+ HNO3
Y +
H2O
Cng thc cu to ca Y l:
O2N
O2N
COOH
A.
COOH
C.
NO2
NO2
O2N
COOH
COOH
B.
D.
NO2
4/ Trong phn ng:

CH3COOH + CHCH t A.
Cng thc ca A l:
A. CH3OCOCH=CH2.
B. CH3CH=CHCOOH.
C. CH3COOCH=CH2.
D. CH2=CHCH2COOH.
5/ Trong s chuyn ha sau:
Cl2, AS
H2O/NaOH
CuO, to Ag NO3 /NH3
C2H6 A
B
C
D . Th C l:
A. CH3COOH.
B. CH3COONH4.
C. CH3CH2OH.
D. CH3CHO.
6/ trung ha hn hp ca phenol v axit axetic cn dng 23,4ml dung dch KOH 20%(khi lng
ring l 1,2g/ml). Hn hp ban u khi tc dng vi nc brom to nn 16,55g kt ta. Khi lng ca
axit trong hn hp l:
A. 2g
B. 5g.
C. 3g.
D. 4g.
7/ Khi trung ha 25ml dung dch mt axit cacboxylic n chc A th cn 200ml dung dch NaOH
0,25M. C cn th thu c 4,1g cht rn. Cng thc cu to ca A l:
A. HCOOH.
B. CH3CH2COOH.
C. CH2=CH-COOH.
D. CH3COOH.
o
=============================================
Bi 62. LUYN TP : AXIT CACBOXYLIC
Cu 1: Nhc li v cu trc phn t, tnh cht, iu ch v ng dng ca axit cacboxylic.
Cu 2: Vit cc pthh c trng ca axit cacboxylic .
Cu 3: Bi tp(1-9) sgk trang 259-260.
- V cu trc phn t, tnh cht, iu ch v ng dng ca axit cacboxylic.
- V Vit cc pthh c trng ca axit cacboxylic .
- V bi tp(1-9) sgk trang 259-260.
III. Ni dung bi hc:
Ni dung bi hc
52
I. Kin thc cn nh:

Hc sinh hon thnh theo bng tng kt SGK trang 259.
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
II. Bi tp:
Bi tp(1-9) sgk trang 259-260.
IV. Luyn tp:
1/ Xt cc phn ng sau:
(1). CH3COOH + Na
(2). CH3COOH + NaCl
(3). C6H5OH + NaHCO3
(4). C17H35COONa +HCl
Phn ng no trong cc phn ng trn khng xy ra:
A. 1.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D.2, 3.
2/ Cho axit
Cl
CH3CH2
CH
Cl
CH3
COOH
Axit trn c tn l:
A. 3,3- iclo-2- metylpentanoic.
C. 2-Metyl-3,3-iclopetanoic.
B. Axit 3,3- iclo-4- metylpentanoic.
D. Axit 3,3- iclo-3-etyl-2- metylpropanoic..
3/ Hy cho bit tn sn phm E trong s tng hp sau:
H2SO4c, 170oC

CH3CH2OH
A + H2O.
B
A + Cl2
C + NaCl
B + NaOH
D + Cu + H2O
C + CuO
[O]

D
E
A. Axit oxalic
B. Axit axetic.
4/ Cho s :
HOH(H+)
A B G Cao su Buna
C. Anehit oxalic
D. Axit fomic
C D poli(metylacrylat).
a/ Cng thc cu to ca D l:
A. CH3CH2COOH.
B. CH3OH.
C. CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3.
D. CH2=CHCOOCH3.
b/ Tn gi ca A l:
A. Vinyl propionat.
B. Etyl acrylat.
C. Metyl metacrylat.
D. Vinyl acrylat.
5/ Khi lng axit axetic trong gim n thu c l bao nhiu khi ln men 0,5lit ru etylic 6 o. Bit
khi lng ring ca ru etylic l 0,8g/ml. ( hiu sut cc phn ng l 100%)
A. 31,3g. B. 34,5g.
C. 37,7g.
D. 39,8g. .
53
6/ t chy 4,09g hn hp A gm hai axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip trong dy ng ng ca

axit axetic ngi ta thu c 3,472lit kh CO 2 (kc). Cng thc cu to ca cc axit trong hn hp phi
l:
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
C. C2H5COOH v (CH3)2CHCOOH.
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
D. C2H5COOH v CH3CH2CH2COOH.
7/ t chy hon ton 1,52g hn hp axit focmic v axit axetic ngi ta thu c 0,896lit CO 2 (kc).
Nu ly lng hn hp axit trn ri thc hin phn ng trng bc th khi lng bc thu c l bao
nhiu?
A. 3,72g
B. 4,05g.
C. 4,32g.
D. 4,65g.
=============================================
Bi 63: THC HNH
TNH CHT CA ANEHIT V AXIT CACBOXYLIC
I. Chun b:
1. Dng c:
- ng nghim.
- ng ht nh git.
- n cn
- Gi ng nghim.
2. Ho cht:
- ddAgNO3 1%
- ng (II) oxit
- CH3COOH
- ddfomanehit
- Giy ch th mu
- Glyxerol
- anehit axetic
- ddNH3 5%
- ddNaOH
- Etanol
II. Ni dung:
Hot ng ca Tr
Hot ng ca Tr
1. Th nghim 1: Phn ng trng gng
- Cho 1 ml dd AgNO3 1% vo ng nghim, nh t t tng git
dd NH3 5% v lc ng nghim cho n khi va ha tan ht kt
ta. Dung dch thu c gi l thuc th Tolen . Nh vi git
dd fomandehit vo dd thuc th Tolen. un nng hn hp vi
pht trn ni nc nng 60-700C. Quan st lp bc kim loi
tch ra bm vo thnh ng nghim. Gii thch, vit pthh xy ra
(nu c).
2. Th nghim 2: Phn ng c trng ca anehit v axit
cacboxylic.
- C 3 l ha cht khng nhn cha cc dung dch sau: axit
axetic, andehitfomic v etanol. Hy phn bit bng phng
php ha hc.
1. Tn HS : Lp : 11
2. Tn bi thc hnh : Tnh cht ca andehit v axit cacboxylic
(nu c) cc th nghim sau:
Th nghim 1 : Phn ng trng bc.
Th nghim 2 : Phn ng c trng ca andehit v axit cacboxylic.
54

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CHNG 5: HIROCACBON NO

CH3 C CH CH2 CH3

CH3 C CH CH2 CH3 (c)

I. Hc sinh chun b tr li cc cu hi:

Cc kin thc ca hc sinh ghi ch

Cu dng che khut

vi axit , baz v cht oxyho mnh ( KMnO4 )

CH3Cl . Phn ng ny thuc:

II/ Tnh cht :

IV. Luyn tp:

3/ Cho s sau: Xiclo propan X metan . X l:

Cc kin thc ca hc sinh ghi ch

Th nghim 2 : Nhn bit halogen trong hp cht hu c

Cc kin thc ca hc sinh ghi ch

- Anken c tn lch s l olefin

c)Hng ca phn ng cng axit v nc vo anken:

nhiu phn t nh ging nhau hoc tng t nhau to

2.Phn ng ca buta-1,3-ien v isopren :

IV. Luyn tp:

B. Ankadien l nhng hidrocacbon mch h, phn t c 2 lin kt i C=C.

b)Loi mch vng :

II. NGUN TECPEN THIN NHIN :

-V tnh cht ha hc c trng ca ankin.

Cc kin thc ca hc sinh ghi ch

Phn ng ny dng nhn bit cc ankin c lk ba u

3/ C 4 cht: metan, etilen, but-1-in v but-2-in. Trong 4 cht , c my cht tc dng c vi

I. NHNG KIN THC CN NH :

- Dung dch AgNO3

CHNG 7: HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN

- Phn t benzen c hnh lc gic u .

2- ng ng ,ng phn v danh php :

1,4 imetyl benzen

-Nitrobenzen tc dng vi hn hp H2SO42 v HNO3 bc

c/ Qui tc th vng benzen :

- T ankan hoc xicloankan .

IV. Luyn tp:

b/ Phn ng cng hiro ( hiroha )

Ni ,200o C ,35 atm

Crckinh l qu trnh b gy phn t hirocacbon mch di thnh

Kt lun : Ch bin du m bao gm chng ct du m v ch bin bng

CH4 : D ng cho nh my in, s, m,

Khl cc: H2 65% , CH4 25%,

Than cc d ng cho luyn kim

II. Chng ct nha than .

III. Ni dung bi hc:

- Khi chiu sng hoc un

- nhit cao, clo th cho

Ankan v xicloankan (tr

Anken, ankin d cng vi

2. Bi tp: sgk (1-8)

. A l cht no trong s cc cht

I-Khi nim, phn loi, ng phn v danh php.

DX hal ra sch Cl-Lc vi H2O, gn ly lp H2O,

ONa + NaCl + H2O

c) S lc v c ch phn ng th nguyn t hal

Cacbocation sinh ra kt hp ngay vi OH - to thnh ancol:

- Giai on 2 xy ra nhanh v khng thun nghch, v th

c) Hng ca phn ng tch HX

- Qui tc Zai-xp: Khi tch HX khi dn xut hal, nguyn

3/ Benzylbromua c cng thc cu to:

+ Mch chnh c qui nh l mch C di nht c cha

3/ Lin kt no sau y lm nhit si ca ancol etylic cao hn nhit si ca etan ?

- Phn ng ny dng nhn bit cc poliancol c cc nhm