BI TP CHUYN RU

Dng 1: Vit CTCT v gi tn cc hp cht ru 1.1. a, Vit CTCT cc ru ng phn cng CTPT C 4H10O. Gi tn cc ru theo danh php thng v danh php quc t. Ch r ru no l ru bc 1, bc 2, bc 3 b, Vit CTCT ca cc hp cht c tn sau: 2 metylpropanol 1; 2 metylpropanol 2; pentanol 1; 2 metylbutanol 1 1.2. a, Hai hp cht A v B c cng cng thc phn t. A phn ng c vi Na to thnh H2, B khng phn ng vi Na. Khi t chy hon ton 13,8 gam A thu c 26,4 gam CO 2 v 16,2 gam H2O. T khi hi ca A so vi H2 bng 23. b, Hai hp cht hu c C v D c cng CTPT l C 2H4O2, u phn ng vi Na to thnh hiro bay ra. Ring C lm i mu qu tm thnh . Hy vit CTCT ca A, B, C v D. Bit D cn cha nhm chc anehit v nhm chc ny khng phn ng vi Na. Dng 2: Xc nh CTPT ca ru bng phng php suy lun 1.3. un nng mt ru n chc X vi H 2SO4 m c nhit thch hp thu oc mt olefin duy nht. Hy tm cng thc tng qut ca X 1.4. Hp cht X c CTPT l C 8H8O3. X thuc nhm hp cht no trong cc loi hp cht hc. 1.5. t chy mt ru X ta thu c hn hp sn phm chy trong : s mol CO 2 < s mol H2O. Bin lun cc trng hp c th xy ra vi ru X. 1.6. Vit cng thc tng qut ca ru no mch h. 1.7. Cho bit sn phm chnh ca phn ng kh nc ca CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3? 1.8. thu c anken CH3)2CH CH = CH2 ta c th tch nc ca nhng ru no? 1.9. t chy hon ton 2 ru X, Y l ng ng k tip, ngi ta thy t s nCO : n H O tng. Cho bit X, Y thuc dy ng ng no? 1.10. C nhng hp cht hu c mch h no ng vi cng thc tng qut l C nH2nO? 1.11. Khi t chy cc ng ng ca mt loi ru mch h ta lun thu c CO 2 v H2O vi s mol bng nhau. Hy xc nh dy ng ng ca loi ru ni trn? Dng 3: B tc cc chui phn ng 1.12. Vit cc ptp biu din dy bin ha sau: a. Tinh bt glucoz ancol eylic etyl clorua etilen etylen glicol axit oxalic kali oxalat b. Pentan etylen atanol axit etanoic canxi axetat axeton propanol -2 propilen alyl clorua ancol alylic 2,3 ibrom propanol - 1 glixerin ng glixerat
2 2

c,1700C A H 2O, H 2SO4 l B c. CH3CH2CH2OH H2SO4 c,1700C D d. C4H9OH H2SO4

ddBrom

CH3CHBr CHBr CH3

 c,1700C E e. C4H9OH H2SO4

HCl

CH3CH2CHClCH3

1.13. Vit cc ptp thc hin dy bin ha sau: a. (A) (B) C2H5OH (C)

(E) (D) b. (NaOCO)2CH2 CH4 C2H2 C6H6 C6H5Cl C6H5ONa phenol

phenyl axetat

cumen axeton

1.14. B tc cc ptp sau: a. X + NaOH Y + A f. G + O2 ? H + H2O b. A ? B + H2O g. H + I Y + C c. B + C ? D h. I + H2O NaOH + C i. X + 13O2 10CO2 + 10H2O d. D ? E + F e. F + H2O G 1.15. Hon thnh s p di dng CTCT a. CH3COONa CH4 C2H2 CH3CHO C2H5OH (C2H5O)2O b. Propanol - 1 propanol 2 (mi mi tn ng vi nhiu ptp) CH3Cl C2H6 C2H5Cl C2H5OH c. HO CH2 - COONa CH3OH CH3ONa HCHO HCOOH HCOONa H2 d. A C2H5OH B C2H5OH C C2H5OH D C2H5OH E C2H5OH F C2H5OH G Cao su buna A NaOH e. X NaOH ,t B CH4 D E C2H5OH 1.16. Cho cc phn ng sau: ,32 C a. A men f. nF Cao su buna B + C b. B + X D + E g. E + F G c. D + H2O B + Y h. G ? H + I d. X + H2O Y + E i. H + H2O ? B xt ,t +F Hy xc nh A, B v C e. B H2 O + E 1.17. Cho cc phn ng sau: a. A + B C + D f. L + Cl2 M + B b. C + E nha phenol fomandehit g. M + N C + D c. E + O2 H h. Na + F N + K d. I J + K Hy xc nh A, I v M e. G L 1.18. Cho cc phn ng sau:
0 0 0

a. A + H2O B + K e. G + H2 B b. B D + H2O f. G + [O] + H2O I c. D + E F + HCl g. I + J trinitro glixerat + H2O d. F + C G + H Hy xc nh A, D v G 1.19. Hon thnh cc s bin ha sau: A B C D CH3OH a. C2H5OH X Y Z T CH3 O CH(CH3)2 B ancol propylic ,500 C A b. CH2 = CH CH3 Cl KHSO , nung X Y CH2 = CH CHO H O / OH O , xt ,t A1 B D ,1:1 c. propen H A Cl H O / OH O , xt ,t A2 E F B +M E xt ,t A (Bit A cha 3 nguyn t) d. A N D + F B E G (C2H6O) Mi hp cht ny c s nguyn t X khng qu 3, v khng cha halogen e. A D F K(C2H6O) Dng 4: Xc nh cng thc phn t ru da vo phn ng vi kim loi kim 1.20. Cho 11 gam hn hp gm hai ru no, n chc k nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Vit CTPT v CTCT ca 2 ru trn? 1.21. Cho 28,2 gam hn hp hai ru no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi Na (d) sinh ra 8,4 lt H2(ktc). Xc nh CTPT v vit CTCT ca hai ru trn v tnh % v khi lng ca chng trong hn hp, bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. 1.22. Hn hp A cha glixerin v 1 ancol n chc. Cho 20,3 gam A tc dng vi Na (d) thu c 5,04 lt H2(ktc). Mt khc, 8,12 gam A ha tan ht 1,96 gam Cu(OH) 2. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT c th c v tnh % v khi lng ca n trong hn hp? 1.23. Hp cht hu c A ch cha C, H, O. Khi ha hi 0,31 gam A thu c th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 0,16 gam oxi cng iu kin. Mt khc, cng 0,31 gam A tc dng ht vi Na to ra 112 ml H2(ktc). Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT v gi tn A? 1.24. Hp cht A(C, H, O) khi phn ng ht vi Na thu c s mol H 2 ng bng s mol A. Mt khc, khi cho 6,2 gam A tc dng ht ci NaBr v H 2SO4 theo t l bng nhau v s mol ca t c cc cht thu c 12,5 gam cht hu c B vi H = 100%. Trong phn t B cha 1 nguyn t O, 1 nguyn t Br, cn li l C, H. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca A v B? 1.25. Cho 2,84 gam hn hp gm hai ru n chc l ng ng lin tip nhau tc dng vi lng va Na to ra 4,6 gam cht rn v V lt H2 (ktc).
0 2
4

a. Tnh V? b. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca hai ru trn? c. Vit s iu ch mi ru t CH4? 1.26. a. Cht M c 1 loi nhm chc, cng thc n gin l C 2H3O2. M tc dng vi Na sinh ra s mol H2 bng s mol ca M. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca M? b. Cho 1,52 gam hai ru n chc l ng ng k tip tc dng vi Na (va ) c 2,18 gam cht rn v V lt H2(ktc). Tm CTPT, Vit cc CTCT v gi tn. 1.27. Ly mt lng Na tc dng va vi 18,7 gam hn hp X gm 3 ru n chc th thu c 29,7 gam hn hp sn phm. Tm CTPT ca ru c khi lng phn t nh nht. 1.28. Cho 2 ru cng bc X v Y. Ly 1,15 gam mi ru cho tc dng vi Na (d), X cho 280 cm3 H2 cn Y cho 214,66 cm3 H2. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca 2 ru bit cc th tch o ktc. 1.29. Hp cht hu c X c CTPT la C2H4O2. X khng tc dng vi NaOH nhng ta dng vi Na. Khi cho 1,5 gam X tc dng vi Na thu c 0,28 lt H 2(ktc). Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca X? 1.30. Cho 12,8 gam dung dch ru A (trong nc) c nng 71,875% tc dng vi mt lng Na (d) thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Tm CTCT ca A bit t khi ca A so vi NO2 bng 2. 1.31. X l 1 ru no, a chc, mch h c n nguyn t C v m nhm OH. CHo 7,6 gam ru trn tc dng vi Na (d) ta thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc). a. Lp biu thc lin h gia n va m b. Cho n = m + 1, Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca X? 1.32. Hn hp X gm 1 ru no, n chc mch thng A v 1 ru no mch thng B c trn theo t l 1 : 1 v khi lng. Khi cho hn hp X tc dng vi Na (d) th th tch H2 sinh ra do B bng 16/17 th tch H 2 sinh ra do A. (cc th tch o cng k). Mt khc khi t chy 13,6 gam hn hp X th thu c 10,36 lt CO2. (ktc) a. Vit cc ptp b. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca A v B, bit t khi hi ca B so vi A bng 4,25. 1.33. Th nghim 1: trn 0,015 mol ru no X vi 0,02 mol ru no Y ri cho hn hp tc dng ht vi Na c 1,008 lt H2 Th nghim 2: Trn 0,02 mol ru X vi 0,015 mol ru Y ri cho hn hp tc dng ht vi Na c 0,952 lt H2 Th nghim 3: t chy hon ton lng hn hp ru nh trong th nghim 1 ri cho tt c sn phm chy i qua bnh ng CaO thy khi lng bnh tng 6,21 gam. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca 2 ru, bit cc th tch o ktc. 1.34. Mt ru no, n chc A c t khi hi so vi ru no B l 0,5. Khi cho cng khi lng A v B tc dng vi Na (d) th th tch kh thot ra t B ln gp 1,5 ln t A.

Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton hn hp gm 4,6 gam mi ru th thu c 7,84 lt CO2 (ktc). Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT 2 ru trn? 1.35. Chia hn hp gm hai ru no, mch h A v B lm hai phn bng nhau. - Cho phn I tc dng ht vi Na (d) thu c 0,896 lt kh (ktc). - Phn II : t chy hon ton thu c 3,06 gam H2O v 5,28 gam CO2. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT hai ru bit rng khio t V th tch hi ca A hoc B th th tch CO2 sinh ra (cng k) u khng vt qu 3V. 1.36. Khi t chy hon ton 6,44 gam ru no A th thu c 9,24 gam CO 2. Mt khc, khi cho 0,1 mol A tc dng ht vi Kali cho 3,36 lt H2(ktc). Tm CTCT ca A? 1.37. Dng 5: Xc nh CTPT ca ru da vo phn ng chy 1.38. t chy hon ton a gam hn hp hai ru thuc dy ng ng ca ru etylic thu c 70,4 gam CO2 v 39,6 gam H2O. Tnh a v % v khi lng ca mi ru trong hn hp bit t khi hi ca mi ru so vi oxi u nh hn 2. 1.39. Cht A l ancol mch h. t chy hon ton 0,35 mol A phi dng va ht 31,36 lt oxi (ktc). Xc nh CTCT ca A v gi tn? 1.40. Cht X l 1 ancol khng no n chc, phn t c 1 lin kt i. t chy hon ton 1,45 gam X cn dng va ht 2,24 lt oxi (ktc). Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT v gi tn X? 1.41. Hn hp A cha hai ancol no, n chc, mch h k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 35,60 gam A cn dng va ht 63,84 lt CO 2 (ktc). Xc nh CTPT v % mi cht trong A. 1.42. Hn hp B cha 2 ancol no, n chc mch h. t chy hon ton hn hp B cn dng 3,36 lt oxi (ktc). Trong sn phm chy khi lng CO 2 ln hn khi lng H2O l 1,88 gam. a. Xc nh khi lng hn hp B b. Xc nh CTPT v % khi lng tng cht trong hn hp ban u nu hai ancol trong khc nhau 2 nguyn t C. 1.43. t chy hn hp 2 ru n chc k tip trong dy ng ng thu c CO 2 v H2O c t l VCO2 : VH2O = 7 : 10. Tm CTPT v s mol mi ru trong hn hp u. 1.44. t chy hon ton 2,22 gam 1 hp cht hu c X thu c 5,28 gam CO 2 v 2,7 gam H2O. X phn ng vi Na, khng phn ng vi NaOH. Tm CTPT, vit CTCT c th c ca X? 1.45. Hn hp A gm hai ru no n chc, mch h. Nu t chy m gam hn hp ny thu c lng CO2 v H2O l 4,7 gam. Cn nu em oxi ha n cc axit tng ng ri trung ha bng dd NaOH 0,1M th ht 200 ml. Hy xc nh CTPT 2 ru, bit 1 trong hai axit to ra c khi lng bng khi lng ca 1 trong hai ru ban u. 1.46. Hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c k tip trong dy ng ng, phn t ca chng ch cha mt loi nhm chc. Chia X lm hai phn bng nhau:

1.47. 1.48.

1.49.

1.50.

1.51.

1.52.

1.53.

1.54. 1.55.

1.56.

t chy hon ton phn th nht ri hp th ton b sn phm (ch gm CO 2 v H2O) vo dung dch nc vi trong thy khi lng bnh tng 5,24 gam v to ra 7 gam kt ta. Cho phn th hai tc dnght vi Na (d) sinh ra V lt H2 (27,30C; 1,5atm). a. Xc nh CTPT v tnh % theo khi lng mi cht trong X b. Tnh V? t chy hon ton 1,52 gam 1 ru thu c 1,344 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 1,44 gam H2O. Xc nh CTG v CTPT ca ru. t chy hon ton 1 hp cht A (C, H, O) c CTPT trng vi CTG nht ta thu c th tch CO2 bng th tch hi H2O v 6/7 th tch oxi phn ng (cng k). un nng A (xt) c B c t khi so vi Nit bng 2 v c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Xc nh A v B? Hp cht hu c X (C, H, O) ch cha mt loi nhm chc. Nu t chy hon ton mt lng X thu c s mol H2O gp i s mol CO2. Cho X tc dng vi Na (d) cho s mol H2 bng s mol X phn ng. Xc nh CTPT ca X? C hp cht hu c n chc Y, khi t chy Y thu c CO 2 v H2O vi s mol nh nhau v s mol oxi tiu tn gp 4 ln s mol Y. Bit Y lm mt mu dd brom v khi cng H2 th thu c ru n chc. Xc nh CTPT ca Y? Ba cht hu c X, Y, Z cng cha C, H, O. Khi t mi cht lng oxi cn dng bng 9 ln lng oxi c trong mi cht tnh theo s mol v CO 2, H2O thu c c t l khi lng tng ng bng 11 : 6. th hi, mi cht u nng hn khng kh d ln. (cng k). Xc nh CTG nht ca X, Y, Z? Ba ru X, Y, Z u bn, khng phi l ng phn ca nhau. Khi t chy 1 lng bt k mi cht u thu c CO 2 v H2O c t l s mol nCO2 : nH2O = 3: 4. Tm CTPT ba ru? Hai cht X v Y bn, phn t ch cha C, H, O. Khi t mt lng bt k mi cht u thu c CO2 v H2O c t l khi lng mCO2 : mH2O = 44 : 27. a. Xc nh CTPT ca X v Y? O oxh b. Bit X H X Y. Xc nh CTCT ca X v Y, vit cc ptp? t chy hn hp 2 ru ng ng, c s mol bng nhau ta thu c CO 2 v H2O c t l nCO2 : nH2O = 3: 4. Xc nh CTPT ca hai ru? Ru bc 1 A, mch h c th no hoc c mt lin kt i c CTPT l C xH10O. Ly 0,02 mol CH3OH v 0,01 mol A trn vi 0,1 mol oxi ri t chy hon ton hai ru. Sau phn ng thy c oxi d. Xc nh CTCT ca A? t chy hon ton m gam hn hp A gm 2 ru X v Y thuc cng dy ng ng c 6,72 lt CO2 v 7,65 gam H2O. Mt khc, m gam hn hp A tc dng ht vi Na thu c 2,8 lt H2. Bit t khi hi c mi cht trong A so vi H 2 u nh hn 46. Tm CTCT ca X v Y?
2

1.57. C 2 hn hp X v Y c pha trn t cc ru no,n chc cng dy ng ng c s nguyn t C 4. Khi cho X v Y tc dng vi Na (d) ta u thu c 5,6 lit H 2 (ktc).
Cn khi t chy hon ton X v Y u cn 47,04 lt O 2(ktc). Xc nh thnh phn hn hp X v Y (gm cc ru no, s mol mi ru) bit rng mi hn hp X v Y cha 2 ru. 1.58. Hai cht hu c A v B cng cha C, H, O. Khi t chy mi cht u cn dng mt lng oxi bng 8 ln lng oxi c trong mi cht v thu c lng CO 2 v H2O c t l khi lng mCO2 : mH2O = 22 : 9. Xc nh CTG nht ca A, B? 1.59. Mt ru X mch h, khng lm mt mu dd brom. t chy a lt hi ru cn 2,5 lt oxi (cng k). Xc nh CTCT ca X? 1.60. Dng 6: Da vo khi lng sn phm to thnh khi tch nc Lu : - khi Msp < Mru -> cht to thnh l olefin - Khi Msp > Mru -> cht to thnh l ete 1.61. un nng mt hn hp 2 ru no n chc vi H 2SO4 c 1400C thu c 21,6 gam H2O v 72 gam hn hp 3 ete. Xc nh CTCT ca hai ru trn, bit 3 ete c s mol bng nhau v cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. 1.62. Khi un nng m1 gam ru X vi H2SO4 c nhit thch hp thu c m2 gam 1 cht hu c Y. T khi ca Y so vi X bng 0,7. Tm CTCT ca X (bit H = 100%). 1.63. Mt ru n chc A tc dng vi HBr cho hp cht B cha C, H v 58,4%Br. Nu un nng A vi H2SO4 1700C th thu c 3 anken. Xc nh CTCT ca A v B v cc anken? 1.64. Khi un nng 2,72 gam hn hp 2 ru vi H 2SO4 n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kh gm 2 olefin lin tip. Trn hai olefin ny vi 24,64 lt khng kh (00C, 1atm) ri t hn hp trong bnh kn. Sau khi ngng t ht hi nc, kh cn li gi l A chim th tch l 15,009 lt (27,3 0C; 1,6974atm). Tm CTPT ca mi ru bit oxi chim khong 20% th tch khng kh, cn li l nit. 1.65. Cho t t mt hn hp 2 ru no, n chc c cng s nguyn t C vo H 2SO4 c iu kin thch hp th thu c 3 olefin. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hn hp ny (ktc) to ra 17,6 gam CO2. Tm CTCT ca hai ru. 1.66. Thc hin phn ng tch nc vi mt ru n chc A iu kin thch hp, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c cht hu c B c t khi so vi A bng 1,7. Xc nh CTPT ca A. 1.67. un nng hn hp hai ru mch h vi H 2SO4 c c hn hp cc ete. Ly X l 1 trong cc ete em t chy hon th ta c t l n X : nO2 : nCO2 : nH2O = 0,25 : 1,375 : 1 : 1. Tm CTCT ca hai ru? 1.68. Cho V lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm hai olefin lin tip trong dy ng ng hp nc (H2SO4 long) thu c 6,45 gam hn hp A gm 3 ru. un nng hn hp A vi

axit H2SO4 c, 1400C th thu c 5,325 gam hn hp B gm 6 ete khan. H = 100%. Tm CTCT ca cc ru? 1.69. un nng 132,8 gam hn hp P gm 3 ru no, n chc AOH, BOH, ROH vi H2SO4, 1400C thu c 111,2 gam hn hp 6 ete c s mol bng nhau. Mt khc, un nng P vi H2SO4 c, 1800C th thu c hn hp kh ch gm 2 olefin. Xc nh CTCT ca cc ru. Bit H = 100% 1.70. C 2 ru n chc X v Y trong phn t mi ru cha khng qu 3 nguyn t C. un nng hn hp X v Y vi H2SO4 c, 1400C ta thu c hn hp 3 ete c s mol bng nhau. Ly 1 trong ba ete cho vo bnh kn dung tch v (lt). Thm vo 11 gam hn hp A gm CO v O2 c
M

220 . 7

un nng bnh ete ha hi c hn

hp kh B c M = 35. Bt tia la in t chy ht hn hp kh trong bnh sau a v nhit 00C, p = 0,7atm. Lng kh O2 d bng 1/6 lng oxi ban u. a. Tm CTPT hai ru ban u b. Tnh khi lng mi ru ete ha c. Tnh V Dng 7: Xc nh CTPT ru da vo t l hoc thnh phn % gia cc nguyn t 1.71. Mt hp cht hu c X cha 38,71% C v khi lng. t chy X to ra CO2 v H2O. Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi Na thu c kh H 2 c th tch bng th tch kh thu c khi in phn H2O vi in lng tiu tn l 2412 C (H = 80%). Tm CTCT ca X? 1.72. Mt hp cht hu c X cha 10,34% H theo khi lng. Khi t chy X ch thu c CO2 v H2O vi s mol nh nhau v s mol oxi tiu tn gp 4 ln s mol X. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca X bit X cng H 2 to thnh ru n chc, tc dng vi dd KMnO4 to thnh ru a chc. T X vit ptp iu ch axit propanoic. 1.73. Khi phn tch cht hu c A ch cha C, H, O th c: mC + mH = 3,5mO a. Tm CTG ca A b. Ly 2 ru n chc X v Y un nng vi dd H 2SO4 c nhit thch hp thu c A. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT mch h ca X, Y, A, bit A l ete. 1.74. Mt hp cht B cha C, H, O c cng thc phn t trng vi CTG. Khi phn tch a gam B thy tng khi lng C v H bng 0,46 gam. t chy hon ton a gam ny cn 0,896 lt oxi (ktc). Hp th ton b sn phm vo dd NaOH d, thy khi lng bnh tng 1,9 gam. a. Xc nh a v tm CTPT ca B? b. Xc nh CTCT ca B, bit khi cho a gam cht tc dng ht vi Na thu c H 2, cn khi cho a gam cht tc dng va vi dd NaOH 0,01M th s mol NaOH cn dng bng s mol H2 bay ra trn v cng bng s mol B phn ng. c. Tnh VH2 v th tch dung dch NaOH dng?

1.75. Hai cht hu c A v B to ra bi 3 nguyn t v u c 34,78% O v khi lng. Nhit si ca A l +78,30C; ca B l 23,60C. a. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca A v B b. Hon thnh cc ptp sau: A ? A1 ? A2 ? A3 ? A4 ? A5 ? B 1.76. Mt ancol c 60%C theo khi lng phn t. Nu cho 18 gam X tc dng ht vi Na (d) th thu c kh H2 c th tch l bao nhiu. 1.77. Hn hp A gm hai ru n chc no hoc c 1 lin kt i. 16,2 gam hn hp ny lm mt mu hon ton 500 ml dung dch Brom 5,76%. Cho 16,2 gam hn hp trn tc dng ht vi Na. Tnh th tch H2 bay ra? 1.78. t chy ru X cho CO2 v H2O c nCO2 : nH2O = 3 : 4. Mt khc cho 0,1 mol ru X tc dng vi Na d thu c 3,36 lt kh (ktc). Tm CTPT ca X.

BI TP TNG HP
1. X, Y l 2 cht ng phn. X tc dng c vi Na, Y th khng. Khi t chy 13,8 gam X thu c 26,4 gam CO2 v 16,2 gam H2O. Tm X v Y? 2. t chy hon ton x mol cnH2n 2Oz thu c a mol CO2 v b mol H2O. Tm mi quan h gia a v b, x? 3. Cho 1,24 gam hn hp 2 ru n chc tc dng va vi Na thu c 336 cm 3 H2 (ktc). Tnh khi lng sn phm cha Na 4. un nng ru A vi hn hp NaBr v H 2SO4 c thu c cht hu c B. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca A bit 12,3 gam hi B chim th tch bng th tch ca 2,8 gam nit cng iu kin t0 = 560C, p = 1 atm. 5. t chy hon ton a gam ru X ri cho sn phm chy vo bnh ng nc vi trong d thy khi lng bnh tng b gam v c c gam kt ta. Tm CTPT ca X bit b = 0,71c; c =
a +b 1,02

6. Hn hp X gm ba ru n chc A, B, D, trong B, D l 2 cht ng phn. t chy 0,04 mol X thu c 1,98 gam H 2O v 1,568 lt CO2(ktc). S mol A bng 5/3 tng s mol B v D. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca A, B v D 7. Cho 11 gam hai ru n chc, k tip trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Tm cng thc phn t ca 2 ru. 8. X l 1 ru c lin kt i trong phn t. Khi lng phn t ca X nh hn 60 .v.C. Tm CTCT ca X? 9. Cho 14,5 gam hn hp X gm hai ru: 1 ru no n chc A v 1 ru no 2 chc B tc dng ht vi K thu c 3,92 lt H2 (ktc). t chy hon ton 29 gam hn hp X trn thu c 52,8 gam CO2. Tm CTCT ca A v B? 10. Ha hi hon ton 4,28 gam hn hp hai ru no X, Y 81,9 0C; 1,3 atm th tch 1,568 lt. Cho lng ru ny tc dng vi K d thu c 1,232 lt H 2 (ktc). Mt khc, t

chy hon ton lng ru thu c 7,48 gam CO 2. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca mi ru, bit s nhm chc trong Y nhiu hn trong X 1 n v. 11. Hn hp X gm hai ru. Loi nc ton b hn hp X 170 0C, H2SO4 thu c hn hp hai olefin l ng ng lin tip. Cho tt c hai olefin vo bnh cha 0,128 mol khng kh, ri bt tia la in. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, ngng t hi nc, cn li hn hp kh c th tch l 2,688 lt. Bit khi lng hn hp ru ban u l 0,332 gam; cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, N2 chim 80% th tch khng kh, cn li l oxi. Tm CTPT hai ru? 12. a. Cho 3,7 gam 1 ru no, n chc tc dng vi lng d Na thu c 616 ml H 2 (1 atm, 27,30C). Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca X? b. Cho hn hp Y gm 0,05 mol ru no, n chc v 0,1 mol ru n chc cha 1 lin kt i. Xc nh CTPT ca ru bit khi t chy hon ton hn hp Y thu c 10,08 lt CO2(ktc). Vit cc CTCT ca hai ru, t xc nh 2 ru trong Y bit rng chng khng tham gia phn ng tch nc (H2SO4, 1700C). 13. t chy hon ton 7,4 gam mt ru A ch thu c 8,96 lt CO2 (27,30C; 1,1atm) v 9 gam nc. Tin hnh loi nc ca A c hn hp hai anken. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca A? 14. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca cc ru sau: a. Cho 3,8 gam mt iol tc dng vi lng d Na thu c 0,56 lt H2 (ktc) b. Cho 2,3 gam mt ru no (M = 92) tc dng ht vi Na thu c 0,84 lt H2 15. Cho 4 hp cht A, B, C, D bn, mch X lin tc. Khi lng ca chng lp thnh mt cp s cng. Khi t chy 1 lng bt k mi cht ch thu c CO 2 v H2O; khi lng CO2 ln gp 1,8333 ln khi lng nc. a. Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca A, B, C v D b. T A vit cc ptp iu ch B, C, D 16. a. Cho hp cht Y l 1 ru a chc no, c khi lng phn t bng 92. t chy hon ton 0,5 mol Y thu c 33,6 lt CO2 (ktc). Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT ca Y c. Trn hn hp gm Y va etilenglicol (hn hp Z) c khi lng bng 16,8 gam. Chia Z thnh hai phn bng nhau. - Phn I tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,52 lt H2 (ktc) - Phn II tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 th lng Cu(OH)2 phn ng l 3,675 gam. Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp Z.