B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC THNH
KHOA IN TH
----0o0----

N IN T CNG SUT

Gio vin hng dn Sinh vin thc hin

Thc s Bi vn Huy

: - inh gia Lim - quang Bch - Nguyn vn Hin ( 05-03) - Nguyn vn Hin (07-03) - ngc Hng Kha : 5

Lp : CCNTH2

H Ni, thng 4-2010 1

Mc lc
Phn I gii thiu chung

Chng I m u Chng II Cc phng php m my ng c khng ng b roto lng sc Chng III cc phng php bo v van

Phn II thit k

Chng I thit k mch ng lc Chng II iu kin thit k mch Chng III thit k mch iu khin

Phn III m phng ton b h thng bng phn mm Psim

 TI
THIT K B KHI NG MM NG C KHNG NG B ROTO LNG SC

Thng s ng c: P=120kw n=1490v/pht cos=0.93 Mk/Mm=1.1 Mmax/Mm=2 Ik/Idm=6 J=1.6kg/m2 U1=220/380V Yu cu ni dung thit k n : - Gii thiu chung v chng loi thit b c giao nhim v thit k - xut cc phng n tng th, phn tch u nhc im ca tng phng n, i n phng n chn la ph hp thit k mch lc v mch iu khin - Thuyt minh s hot ng ca s km theo hnh v minh ha - Tnh ton m phng mch lc bng phn mm PSim - Tnh ton m phng mch iu khin - Kt lun - Ti liu tham kho

Phn I GII THIU CHUNG

3

CHNG I : LI M U

Do yu cu ca cng vic cng nh kh nng lm vic ca mch in khng ng b nn cho n nay n c s dng rng ri nht trong cc ngnh kinh t quc dn vi cng sut t vi chc n hng nghn kiloat. Trong cng nghip thng dng my in khng ng b lm ngun ng lc cho my cn thp loi va v nh, ng lc cho cc my cng c cc nh my cng nghip nh Trong hm m dng lm my ti hay qut gi. Trong nng nghip dng lm my bm hay my gia cng sn phm. Trong i sng hng ngy my in khng ng b cng dn chim mt v tr quan trng :qut gi, my quay a, ng c trong t lnh. Bi n c nhng u im ni bt hn hn so vi my in mt chiu cng nh my in ng b, l : C kt cu n gin, d ch to, lm vic chc chn, vn hnh tin cy. Chi ph vn hnh v bo tr sa cha thp, hiu sut cao, gi thnh h. My in khng ng b s dng trc tip li in xoay chiu do khng cn phi tn km thm chi ph cho cc thit b bin i. Tuy nhin, my in khng ng b ch yu c s dng ch ng c, nn n cng c mt s nhc im l dng khi ng ca ng c khng ng b thng ln (t 4 n 7 ln dng nh mc). Dng in m my qu ln khng nhng lm cho bn thn my b nng m cn lm cho in p li gim st nhiu (hin tng st p li in), nht l i vi li in cng sut nh. Do vn t ra l ta cn phi gim c dng in m my ca ng c khng ng b , c bit l vi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc. Bi v vic tc ng vo ng c rto lng sc kh khn hn so vi ng c khng ng b rto dy qun. Tuy nhin, hin nay vi vic p dng nhng ng dng ca in t th cng vic tr nn d dng hn.

ChngII
4

Cc phng php m my

2.1-M my ng c in khng ng b: Khi bt u m my th roto ang ng yn, h s trt s=1 nn tr s dng in m my tnh theo mch in thay th bng : Ik = U1 (r1 + C1r2 ) 2 + ( x1 + C1x 2 )

T cng thc trn ta thy , dng in khi ng ng c khng ng b ph thuc vo bn thn cu to ca ng c v ph thuc nhiu vo in p li . Trn thc t , do mch t tn bo ha rt nhanh, in khng gim xung nn dng in m my cn ln hn so vi tr s tnh theo cng thc trn, in p nh mc .thng dng m my bng 4 n 7 ln dng nh mc .iu khng nhng lm cho ng c nhanh b hng m cn lm cho in p li mi khi khi khi ng gim nhiu .Do nht thit ta phi lm gim dng in m my . 2.2-Cc phng php m my : Cc yu cu m my c bn : - Phi c mmen m my ln thch ng vi c tnh c ca ti . - Dng in m my cng nh cng tt . - Phng php m my v thit b cn dng n gin , r tin , chc chn - Tn hao cng sut trong qu trnh m my cng nh cng tt 2.2.1-M my trc tip ng c in rto lng sc : y l phng php n gin nht, ta ng trc tip ng c in vo li in .Khi in p U1 t vo dy qun stato bng in p li (nh hnh v).Do dng in m my ln , nu qun tnh ca ti ln thi gian m my di th s c th lm cho my sinh nhit v nh hng in p li. .
u

2.2.2-H in p m my:

T cng thc ca dng in m my ta thy, nu gim in p t vo stato khi m my th s gim c dng in m my. Nhng h in p m my th cng s lm cho mmen khi ng gim xung. 2 m1pU1 r2 Mk = 2 f1[(r1 +C1r2 ) 2 + (x1 + C1x 2 ) 2 ] Do ta ch dng phng php ny cho nhng thit b m my c nh. 2.3-Cc phng n: -Ni in khng trc tip vo mch in stato: Khi m my trong mch in stato t ni tip mt in khng, sau khi m my song th in khng ny b ni ngn mch. -Dng bin php t ngu: Ta s dng mt my bin p t ngu, bn cao p ni vi li in, bn h p ni vi ng c in. Sau khi m my song th bin p t ngu c ngt ra khi mch ng lc(ng c ) -M my bng phng php thay i ni -: phng php ny thch ng vi nhng my khi lm vic bnh thng ch u tam gic, khi m my ta i thnh sao. -Dng b iu p xoay chiu ba pha dng ba triac u song song vi nhau. * Phn tch u nhc im ca tng phng php m my: + C bn phng php trn u c tc dng h dng m my nhng trong qua trnh hot ng ca ng c khi dng tng t ngt v mt l do no th 4 phng php trn khng p ng c(khng hn ch c dng ) v vy ta dng b iu p xoay chiu 3 pha. u im ca b iu o xoay chiu 3 pha khi iu chnh gc thch hp ca cc xung iu khin t vo cc thyristor l c th h c in p t vo stasto v do c th hn ch c dng qua ng c. V vn cn tham gia vo mch trong qu trnh hot ng ca ng c . Tuy nhin nhc im ca phng php ny l dng in v in p u khng sin. Nhng do thi gian m my rt nh (t 1-3 giy) nn t vn c th s dng c . V vy ta quyt nh chn phng n dng b iu p xoay chiu 3 pha lm b khi ng cho ng c khng ng b 3 pha rto lng sc. 2.4- Phng php dng b iu p xoay chiu 3 pha: Ta s dng 6 thyristor u song song ngc theo s nh hnh v. Khi ta cp in p xoay chiu vo ba u A, B, C, do cn ph thuc vo gc m van ca cc thyristor nn ta s c 3 dng in p t vo ng c ng vi 3 vng ca gc m van. Cc in p ny u nh

hn so vi in p vo .
A B C

T1

T4

T6

T4

T3

T5

T2

2.5- Phn tch hot ng ca b iu p xoay chiu 3 pha: -V ng c khng ng c khng ng b c th coi nh l mt ph ti gm c in p tr v cun cm ni tip nhau, trong o: +in tr rto bin thin theo tc quay. +in cm ph thuc vo v tr tng i gia dy qun rto v stato. + Gc pha gia dng in v in p cng bin thin theo tc quay = (s). -Do tnh cht t nhin ca mch in (c in cm)nn nu trong khong v < m t xung iu khin vo cc van bn dn th cc van ny ch dn dng thi im v= tr i.Do in p ng c khng ph thuc vo gc m .Nu nh vy th ta khng iu chnh vo in p , v vy ta ch t xung iu khin vi gc m > . -Khi v> th ty thuc vo gi tr tc thi ca cc in p dy m c lc c 3 van 3 pha khc nhau dn dng , hay 2 van 2 van khc nhau dn dng: +Nu c 3 van 3 pha khc nhau dn dng.

. a' Za

. b' Zb

. c' Zc

Khi dng in ti : i= U dm sin( + ) 3Z

Um :bin in p dy :Gc lch pha gia in p v dng in giai on ang xt +Nu ch c 2 pha c van dn:

. a' Za

. b' Zb

. c' Zc

Khi ta c dng in ti : i= U dm sin( + ) 2Z

Ty thuc vo gc iu khin m cc giai on c 3 van dn hoc 2 van dn cng thay i theo. *Khong dn ca van ng vi = 0 600 : Trong phm vi ny s c cc giai on 3 van v 2 van dn xen k nhau nh th di y:

Ua
a b c

T1

T2 T3 T4 T5 T6

t t t t t t

Khong van dn ng vi = 60 900

t
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6

t t t t t t

CHNG III : CC PHNG PHP BO V VAN 3.1 Bo v qu nhit cho van Khi lm vic vi dng in c dng chy qua trn van c st p, do c tn hao cng sut P tn hao ny sinh ra nhit t nng van bn dn. mt khc van bn dn ch cho php lm vic di nhit cho php Tcp cho php no , nu qu nhit cho php th cc van bn dn d b ph hy. van bn dn lm vic an ton khng b chc thng v nhit ta phi chn v thit k h thng tn nhit hp l. Tnh ton cnh tn nhit Tn hao cng sut trn mt tiristor: P = U.Ilv =1,6.104,3 =166,88 W Din tch b mt tn nhit: Sm = P K m .

Trong : P tn hao cng sut - chnh lch so vi mi trng. Chn nhit mi trng l : Tmt = 400C, Nhit lm vic cho php ca tiristor l Tcp = 1250C Chn nhit trn cnh tn nhit Tlv = 800C = Tlv Tmt = 80 - 40 = 400C km : h s ta nhit bng i lu v bc x. chn km = 8 (w/m2 0C) Vy ta c din tch ca mi cnh tn nhit: Sm = 166,9 = 5215 (cm2) 4 10 8.40

Chn loi cnh tn nhit c36 cnh kch thc mi cnh: a x b = 10 x 10 (cm x cm) Vy tng din tch cnh tn nhit ca cnh tn nhit: S = 26.5.10.10 = 13000(cm2) 3.2 Bo v qu dng cho van Trong qu trnh hot ng v lm vic ta phi sa cha v bo dng mch ng lc cng nh mch iu khin do vy trong mch cn c thm cc thit b bo v ng ngt nh: aptomat, cu ch, cu dao. Nh ta bit Ic =208.6A Ta chn aptomat c thng s v tr s nh sau: Itt =kmm.Ic = 6 . 208.6 =1251.6A(kmm = 5 7)

10

Ta la chn mng aptomat loi 4 cc 415V loi S vi INm=55 (KA), Im = 1600A do Clipson ch to Ta c Itt ca cu ch l : I tt = kmm = 57 , C = 2.5 I tt = 6.208, 6 = 500, 64(A) 2,5 K mm .I dc C

Ta chn Icc = 1.11.3 Itt =>Icc = 1,2 . 500.64 =600.768A Vi Icc = 600.768A ta la chn loi cu ch c U=400V vi Im =630A loi h p do ABB ch to. La chn dao cch ly Ta c : Idc=208,6 (A) Ta c Itt > Ic Ta la chn loi cu dao cch ly vi U= 1000V vi Im = 250A khi lng ca cu dao l 6.9 kg do ABB sn xut vi k hiu l OESA 3.3 Bo v qu p Trong qu trnh lm vic van phi chu in p ngc tng i ln do vy ngi ta phn ra lm 2 loi nguyn nhn gy qu p: 1, Nguyn nhn ni ti: l do s tch t in tch trong cc lp bn dn. khi kha van tisitor bng in p ngc, cc in tch ni trn i ngc li hnh trnh to ra dng in ngc trong thi gian rt ngn.s bin thin nhanh chng ca dng in ngc gy nn sut in ng cm ng rt ln trong cc in cm, vn lun lun c ca ng dy ngun dn ti tiristor. V vy gia ant va catot ca tiristor xut hin qu in p. Ta c th th hin qu

11

trnh bin thin ca in p v dng in trn

2, nguyn nhn bn ngoi: nhng nguyn nhn ny thng xy ra ngu nhin i khi ng ct khng ta mt bin p trn ng dy, khi mt cu ch nhy khi c sm st bo v qu p do tch t in tch khi chuyn mch gy nn ngi ta dng mch RC u song song vi tiristor nh hnh di:

12

Thng s ca R,C ph thuc vo mc qu in p c th xy ra, tc bin thin ca dng in chuyn mch, in cm trn ng dy, dng in t ha my bin p. Vic tnh ton thng s ca mch R,C rt phc tp, i hi nhiu thi gian nn ta s dng phng php xc nh thng s R,C bng th gii tch, s dng ng cong c sn Do vy qu trnh tnh ton cc thng s R,C rt phc tp v vy chng ta p dung phng php chn gi tr R,C theo kinh nghim: Theo kinh nghim ngi ta chn R = (530),C = (0.254) F Theo tnh ton dng qua van bng 208.6 A l ln nn ta chn gi tr R,C nh sau R = 25 , C = 0.8 F

Ta c mch hon chnh:

C1

R1 C1 R1

C1

R1

R2

R2

R2

C2

C2

C2

Do xung p ca li in nn chng ta phi mc cc t, in tr song song vi ti u vo nhm lc xung . khi xut hin xung in p trn ng dy nh c mch ny m nh xung gn nh nm li hon ton trn in tr ng dy. Do vy tr s R2,C2 ph thuc nhiu vo ti. nhng do qu trnh tnh ton rt phc tp ng thi theo kinh nghim R2 = (5 20 ) C2 = 4 m F 13

V dng ca ng c tng i ln nn ta chn C2 = 4 m F v R2 = 8

PHN II : THIT K MCH

CHNG I : THIT K MCH NG LC

1.1 TNH TON CHN VAN

Da vo th dng in p ca b iu p xoay chiu ba pha ta c th tnh ton dng in qua van, in p ngc qua van do thi gian m my ca ng c khng c qu ln : tk = 3s. Mt khc dng in y cng tng i ng k do vy chng ta khng th chn iu khin dng triac do qu trnh hot ng triac pht nng cao do dng in qu ln. Do vy chng ta la chn s tiristor Ta c dng in ng c : Idc = Pdm 120.103 = = 208, 6A 3U dm . cos 3.380.0,94.0,93 Idc = 104,3(A) 2

Dng in chy qua mi tiristor : Ilv =

Dng in lm vic ca tiristor l 104.3 A l tng i ln, do tn hao nng lng trn tiristor cng kh ln v vy ta phi la chn lm mt cho ph hp m bo cho tiristor hot ng bnh thng v ht cng sut. T cc phng php lm mt ta la chn phng php lm mt bng cnh tn nhit c qut gi cng bc vi tc gi 12m/s vi iu kin lm mt ny tiristor c th lm vic vi 50% dng nh mc. 14

Dng in tiristor cn chn l: ITdm = ITlv .100 = 208, 6(A) 50

in p tiristor khi trng thi kha l: U Tlv = 2U d = 2.380 = 537(V) in p nh mc ca tiristor l: UTm = ktUTlv =1,8.537 =996(V) Tiristor mc vo li in xoay chiu vi tn s 50Hz nn thi gian chuyn mch ca tiristor khng nh hng ln n vic chn tiristor:

T1

T4

T6

T4

T3

T5

T2

T cc thng s trn ta la chn loi tiristor 303RB100 c thng s sau: 15

vi cc thng s : - in p ngc cc i ca van:Un=1000 V - Dng in nh mc ca van -Dng in nh cc i: - in p ca xung iu khin - Dng in d : Ir=30 mA - Dng in t gi:Ih=500 mA - Dng in xung iu khin : Ik = 0.15 A - Nhit lm vic cc i cho php : Tcp = 1250C
-

: Im =300 A Ipik= 8000 A :Uk =3V

- S st p ln nht ca tiristor trng thi dnl: U =1.6 V

Tc bin thin in p : du/dt =200 V/s

- Tc bin thin dng in : di/dt =180 A/s - Thi gian chuyn mch : tcm =75 s

ChngII CC IU KIN THIT K MCH IU KHIN

2.1-gii thiu chung v mch iu khin ton h thng 1.Cc yu cu chung i vi h thng iu khin a-m bo pht xung vi cc yu cu m van: - bin , UX - rng ,tx -Sn xung ngn (tx=0.51s) ( xung iu khin thng c bin 2v n 10v, rng xung thng t 20s n 200 s) b-m bo tnh i xng i vi cc knh iu khin Trong s iu khin cc thyristor y th lch cho php ca cc xung cc knh khc nhau phi trong mt phm vi cho php vi cng mt gi tr in p iu khin c- m bo cch ly gia mch iu khin v mch ng lc i vi khu bin p xung thng c s dng nh mt khu truyn khu cui cng tng khuch i xung, in p chi ng gia s cp v th cp phi t 1500v 2000v khi s lm vic vi in p li 380v 16

d- m bo ng quy lut thay i v pha ca cc xung iu khin y l yu cu m bo phm vi iu chnh ca gc iu khin Thng thng i vi s bin i xung p xoay chiu gc phi thay i trong phm vi 00 2100 e- C th iu chnh c gc iu khin , khng phu thuc vo s thay i in p li . f- Khng gy nhiu vi cc h thng in t khc xung quanh . g-C kh nng bo v qu p , qu dng mt pha .v bo hiu khi c s c i vi cc yu cu c th ca s b bin i xung p xoay chiu 3 pha cho mch iu khin m my ng c khng ng b roto lng sc th c 2 yu cu chnh m mch iu khin phi thc hin c l : 1-Khi m my th dng m my qua ng c phi c hn ch v lc ny dng m my tng t ngt vi gi tr ln lm hng ng c 2- hn ch dng m my th ta dng b bin i xung p xoay chiu 3 pha h in p t vo dy qun stato ng c v do dng m my s hn ch .Vy ti lc m my ta thng iu chnh Uk cho in p stato bng khonh 65%Um nn sau khi khi ng th ta phi cho in p stato phi tng tr li . Sau khi khi ng th Uc phi tng tr li theo nh th di y v nh iu chnh Uc th ta s iu chnh c thi gian khi ng tk=1s 3s

U Udc
65%Udm=Udc to

tkd=(1-3s)

17

 thc hin iu ny ta phi dng mt khu sau: Khu c tc dng to ra tn hiu Uk m cc van T. do vy thc hin c diu ny ta c s Uk nh bn
+E R1

R3 C1 -E K Ud R2 B RX C D R4 Udk

D1

D2

Mc ch :
Khi khi ng th s c mt gi tr nht nh l ta iu chnh in p iu khin ny lc khi ng ng c s c :Uc = 65%Um dng qua ng c c hn ch . Sau cng tc star ng vo mch tch phn hot ng Uk s lm mt hm tuyn tnh ca Ud c dng nh sau:

18

U Udko o t

Chnh nh Uk tng th gc s gim dn v Uc s tng dn t theo ng yu cu .

Phn tch hot ng

Khi cha ng cng tc th Uk = Uk0, trong Uk0 l in p iu khin ng vi Uc = 65% Um Khi ng cng tc th Ud = -E Ud Ud 1 1 E dt = t= t +C Ta c : -Uk= I C dt = C C R2 + Rx C(R 2 + R x ) C(R 2 + R X ) T : Uk= = E t + U dk0 C(R 2 + R X )

Vy sau Uk s tng dn v gim dn th Uc s tng dn . Vy nh khu trn ta thc hin c yu cu ra cho cng vic khi ng . *Cu trc ca mt mch iu khin sau: 19

U X

1
SS

DF M

Uc

Trong : -F : khu to in p ng pha -Urc : in p rng ca - Uc : l in p iu khin - khu 2:khu so snh in p gia Uc v Urc, khi Uc - Urc=0 th trigow lt trng thi - khu 2 : khu to xung chum . - khu 3 : l khu khuch i xung - khu 4: khu bin p xung. Bng cch iu hnh Uc ta c th iu chnh c v tr xung iu khin tc l iu chnh c gc . 2.2 Khu to in p ng b Khu to in p ng b cho b iu o xoay chiu ba oha iu chnh su thyrisror thng cn mt h in p 6 pha lm din p ng b .Gc c tnh t gc O .H in p pha ny bao gm su in p ng b hnh sin lch nhau mt gc /3.Yu cu ny s c tha mn d dng nu dng mt my bin p 3 pha s cp c ba cun dy u sao ly in p t li .My bin p ny c th c b tr nh sau"

20

Ua U'a

Ub U'b

Uc U'c

Cch sau : im trung tnh k hiu l O ni vi im O ca mch iu khin us1,us3,us5 dng lm in p ng b ca pha a, b , c tng ng : us1=Usm sin ( + /3 ) ; us3 =Usm.sin ( - /3 ); us5= Usm.sin ( ) ; us2= Usm.sin ; us4 =Usm.sin ( 2 /3); us6=Usm.sin ( 4 /3);

21

Nguyn l hot ng : Theo s cu trc khu ny phi to ra mt in p c gc lch pha c nh vi in p lc t ln van lc, ph hp nht cho mc ch ny l bin p . y ta s dng bin p mt pha c im gia .

in p hnh sin ca li in c chnh la qua b chnh lu 1pha 2 na chu k tao ra UDF. in p UDF c so snh vi in p t U o qua b so snh l 1 OPAM , cho u ra U db l in p 2 trng thi bo ha m v bo ha dng ca OPAM. in p U o c to ra qua b chia p gm ngun E v cc in tr R 2 v bin tr VR3 .Vic iu chnh U0 ta iu chnh nghing ca in p u ra ca khu rng ca v c th iu chnh c di iu chnh ca gc iu khin .

22

ua

ub

uc

u'a

u'b

u'c

3 xung dieu khien 1 2 3 4 5 6

2.3Khu bin p xung v khuch i xung: a) Tc dng : Khu khuch i xung l khu cui cng quan trng trong h thng iu khin Khu KX c nhim v l khuch i tn hiu iu khin a n iu khin van bn dn cng sut m bo cc tham s c bn nh bin , rng v cng sut Mt trong nhng nhim v c bn ca KX l cch ly gia mch ng lc v h thng iu khin . Khi KX c tc dng tng cng dng t cng AND i ra (dng t cng AND i ra thng nh) sau qua BAX to c dng in iu khin Ig , p iu khin Ug c bin thch hp m Thyristor . My bin p xung l loi bin p c bit trong in p t ln pha s cp c dng cung ch nht m khng phi l mt in p hnh sin .iu ny dn n ch lm vic v tnh ton BAX rt khc so vi cc bin p thng thng . b)Hot ng S gm mt kha Transistor T1 c iu khin bi mt xung c rng tx,Khi T1 m bo ha gn nh ton b in p ngun Un c t ln cun s cp ca my biens p xung.in p cm ng bn pha th cp c cc tnh dng m it D2 a dng in iu khin vo gia cc iu khin v catt ca thyrsisor T. iot D4 c tc dng lm gim in p ngc t ln gia catot v cc iu khin ca thyristorT khi in p dng hn in p ant. iu ny m bo an ton cho tip gip G K ca thyristor khi T ch kha. Khi transitor T1 kha li dng collector-emitter ca n s v bng 0 .Tuy nhin dng qua cun dy s cp BAX khng th b dp tt t ngt c .Sc in ng t cm trn cun dy khi s o chiu theo hng mun duy tr dng ny ,ngha l sc in ng c du(-) pha trn v (+) pha di .Sc in ng ny c th rt ln v n t l vi tc gim ca dng in s cp i1: di1/dt .Tuy nhin khi it D1 v it n 23

p DZ s m to ra ng khp kn cho dng i1.Dng i1 s suy gim dn v khng do tn hao cng sut trn in tr thun ca cun dy v ch yu do tiu tn st p trn it D1 v it D2 .Nh in p trn collector ca transitor T1 c gi mc Un + (UD1+ UDZ). in tr R mc ni tip gia ngun v bin p xung c tc dng hn ch dng t ha BAX. in tr R c tnh m bo dng qua transitor T1 khng bao gi vt qu dng collector ln nht cho php. 2.4 Khu tao in ap rng ca

Nguyn l hot ng : in p ng b 2 trng thi bo ha m v bo ha dng c a vo b to xung rng ca. B to xung rng ca thc cht l 1 mch tch phn hot ng 2 trng thi tng ng vi 2 trng thi phng np ca t C. S dng c im ca OPAM ta c in p t ln 2 u t C bng in p u ra ca OPAM 2. 2.5 Khu so sanh

24

Khu ny c chc nng so snh in p iu khin vi in p ta nh thi im pht xung iu khin thng thng l thi im khi 2 in p ny bng nhau. Ni cch khc y l khu xc inh gc iu khin . in p rng ca c so snh vi tn hiu iu khin U dk qua mt OPAM to nn tn hiu u ra mang thng tin v gc . Tn hiu iu khin Udk c diu chnh nh khu phn hi v m bo : 0 U dk VZ

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Chng III : THIT K MCH IU KHIN

3.1 To ngun nui mt chiu : Khi to ngun nui mt chiu cung cp in p mt chiu cho khuych thut ton hot ng v cho cc in p t u vo cc IC thc hin nhim v so snh. Chn IC n p loi : UA7815 c in p ngng l 35V Dng in ra I0 = 1.5A , in p ra : E =15V UA7915 c in p ngng l -40V Dng in ra I0 = 1.5 A in p ra : E = -15V T C4,C5 dng lc sng hi bc cao v R =1 k Chn C4 = C5 =470F ,U = 35V

7815 C4 R C4

+E

C5

R C5

7915

-E

3.2 Tnh tng khuych i cui cng - Chn transistor cng sut 2SC9111 lm vic ch xung c cc thng s : - Transistor loi NPN,vt liu bn dn l Si 26

- in p gia colecto va baz khi h mch emitor :UCBO = 40V - in p gia emitor va baz khi h mch colecto :UEBO = 4V - Dng in ln nht colecto c th chi ng Icmax = 500 mA - Cng sut tiu tn colecto Pc = 1.7W - Nhit ln nht mt tip gip : t = 1750C - H s khuych i: =50 - Dng lm vic ca colecto : Ic3 = I1 = 33.3mA - Dng lm vic ca baz :IB3 = IC3 Ta thy loi transistor l van dn c cng sut iu khin kh b : Uk = 3V, Ik = 0.15A . Nn dng colecto-baz ca transistor Ir3 kh b, trong trng hp ny ta c th khng cn transistor T2 m vn cng sut iu khin transistor. Chn ngun cho bin p xung E = 15V, ta phi mc thm in tr R10 ni tip vi cc emitor ca Ir3,R1 R10 = E-U1 15 4 = = 60() I1 0.15

Tt c cc diode trong mch iu khin u dng loi 1N4009 c tham s: -Dng in nh mc:Im =10A - in p cho diode m thng :Um = 1V - in p ngc ln nht UN = 25V 3.3 Chn cng AND Ta thy trong mch iu khin dng 6 cng AND nn ta la chn 2 IC4081 h CMOS. Mi IC4081 c 4 cng AND vi cc thng s: -Ngun nui IC: VCC = 39V . ta la chn Vcc =12V -Nhit lm vic: T = -400C800C -in p ng vi mc logic1: 24.5V -Dng in nh hn 1mA -Cng sut tiu th P = 2.5(nW/1cng) Chn t C3 v R9 in tr R9 dng hn ch dng in vo baz cua transist Ir3 Chn R6 tha mn iu kin: vi Ir=0,001(A) R6 U 4,5 = 4,5k = I r3 0,001

Chn C3 . R6 = tx m R6 = 4,5 27

=> C3 = 3.4 Tnh b to xung chm

t x 167 = = 0, 037( F ) R 6 4,5

Ta c mi knh iu khin phi dng 4 knh khuych i thut ton, do ta chn 6 IC loi TL084 do hng Texas Instrumenst ch to, mi IC ny c 4 khuych i thut ton. Ta c thng s ca IC TL084 : -in p nui Vcc= 18V, chn Vcc = 12V -Hiu in th gia hai u vo: U= 30V -Nhit lm vic : T= -25850C , -Cng sut : P=0,68 (W) -Tng tr vo : Rin= 106 M -Dng in ra: Ira= 30 (pA) -Tc bin thin in p: du/dt = 13(V/s) Mch to chm xung c tn s: f= 1 1 1 = 10(HZ) , hay chu k ca chum xung: T= = ( s) 2f x f 10

Ta c T= 2R9.C2.ln(1+2R8/R7), chn R8=R7=33() Th ta c T= 2,2R9.C2=1000 vy R9.C2= 454,5(s) Chn C2 = 0,1s, c in p ra U=16(V), R9= 454,5 () V thun tin cho vic lp mch ta la chn R9=5(k) Uk = 3 V Ik= 0,15 A Thi gian chuyn mch: tcm= 120 s rng xung tx = 167 fk = 10 kHz 3.5 Tnh b to xung p Chn vt liu lm li l st Ferit HM. Li c dng hnh xuyn lm vic trn mt phn ca c tnh t ha c: B= 0,8 (T), H= 20(A/m), v khng c khe h khng kh. T s bin p thng l m=23 nn chn m=3. in p cun th cp la: U2= Uk =3V in p t ln cun s cp: U1= m.U2= 3.3= 9V Dng in th cp: I2= Ik=0,15A

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Dng in s cp I1=

I 2 0,15 = = 0, 05 (A) m 3 B 0,8 = = 21.103 0 .H 1, 26.106.30

t thm trung bnh tng i ca li st:

TB =
Vi :0 = 1,26.10-6

Vy ta c th tch li thp cn c l : V=

TB .0 .t x .Sx .U.I2 21.103.4.106.167.0,15.15.0,15 = = 2,34 (cm3) B2 0,82

Vi V= 2,34 cm3, ta chn c bin p xung vi cc thng s a=6mm, b=8mm,d=25mm,D=40mm Q=0.49cm2 Chiu di mach t:L=10.2 (cm) S vng dy s cp my bin p xung Theo lut cm ng in t: U = W1Q dB B Ut x 12.167 = W1Q W1 = = = 532 (vng) dt tx BQ 0,8.4, 7

S vng dy th cp: W2 = Tit din dy qun s cp: S1 = ng knh dy qun s cp: d1 = Tit din dy qun th cp l: S2 = I 2 0.15 = = 0.0375 (mm2) J2 4 4s1 4.0, 0083 = = 0.1( mm ) 3.14 I1 0.5 = = 0.0083 ( mm 2 ) J1 6 W1 532 = = 177 ( vng ) m1 3

Vi J 2 = 4 V ng knh dy qun th cp l: 29

d2 = Kim h s lp y: K ld =

4S2 4.0, 0375 = = 0.2 (mm)

S1W1 + S2 W2 0, 0083532 + 0, 0375177 = = 0.11 d2 252 + 3.14 + 4 4

Vi Kl = 0,11 th ca s din tch cn thit Tng so snh khuych i thut ton loi TL084 Chn R4 = R5 > UV/Ik = 12/0,1.103 = 12k Trong nu ngun nui Vcc = 12V th in p A3 l Uv ; 12V dng in vo c hn ch Ilv < 1mA Do ta la chn R4 = R5 = 15 k khi dng vo A3 l : Iv = Tnh chn khu ng pha in p t c hnh thnh do s np ca t C1. mt khc m bo in p t c trong mt na chu k in p li l tuyn tnh th hng s thi gian np t :T = R1.C1 = 0.005s (thi gian np ca t T = 0.005s) Chn t C1 = 0.1F th in tr R1 = T 0, 005 = = 50k C1 0,1.106 12 = 0,8 mA 15.103

Thng thng R3 c chn lm l mt bin tr thun tin cho vic iu chnh. Ta chn transistor loi AS64 vi cc thng s transistor loi PNP lm bng Si. in p gia colector v baz khi h mch emitor :UCBO = 25V in p gia emitor v baz khi h mch collector : UEBO = 7V Dng in ln nht ca colector c th chi ng ICmax = 100mA Nhit ln nht mt tip gip : Tcp = 1500C H s khuych i = 250 Dng in cc i ca baz : IB = I C 100 = = 0, 4 A 250

in tr R2 hn ch dng in i vo cc baz ca transistor c tnh nh sau:R2 tha mn iu kin R2 U Nmax 12 = = 30k IV 0, 4.103 30

Chn in p xoay chiu ng pha UA = 9V in tr R3 hn ch dng in qua khuych i thut ton A1 do vy R3 c chn sao cho dng in vo khuych i thut ton vi IV < 1mA .Do R3 Chn R =10k 3.6 Tnh ton bin p ngun nui v ng pha Ta thit k my bin p dng cho c vic to in p ng pha v to ngun nui, chn kiu bin p 3 pha 3 tr trn mi tr c 3 cun dy 1 cun s cp v 2 cun th cp in p ly ra th cp my bin p lm bin p ng pha ly ra lm ngun nui: U2 = U2pm = UN = 15V Dng in th cp my bin p ng pha : I2p = 1mA Cng sut ngun nui cho bin p xung : Up= 6.U2pm.I2p = 6.15.10-3 = 0.09W Cng sut tiu th 6ICTL084 s dng lm khuych i thut ton ta chn IC4081 to cng AND: PIC = 8.Pic 8.0,68=5,12W Cng sut my bin p xung cp cho cc iu khin tiristor: PX= 6.Uk.Ik = 6.3.0,15 = 2,7W Cng sut s dng cho vic to ngun nui: PN = Up + PIC + PX = 0.09 + 5.12 + 2.7 = 7.91W Cng sut ca my bin p c th tn tht 5% do trong my gy ra: PTT = 0,05.(0,09+PN) = 0,4W Vy tn tht cng sut do my bin p gy ra: S = PTT + PN = 0,4 + 7,91 = 8,3 VA Dng in th cp my bin p I2 = Dng in s cp I1 = S 8,31 = = 0, 0125( A) 3.U 2 3.220 S 8,31 = = 0, 09(A) 6.U 2 6.15 UA 9 = 3 = 9(k) I V 10

Tit din tr ca my bin p c tnh theo cng thc kinh nghim Qt = k q . S 8,31 = 6. = 1, 4(cm 2 ) m.f 3.50 31

Nn ta c tiu chun ha tit din tr Qt = 1,63 cm2, kch thc mch t l a = 12 mm b = 16 mm h = 30 mm h s p cht = 0,85

Trong kQ = 6 da vo h s phng php lm mt S tr ca my bin p: m = 3 Tn s ca li in f = 50 Hz Ta c s vng dy ca cun s cp: W1 = Dy cun th cp : W2 = 15.104 = 482 (vng) 4, 44.50.1, 4 220.104 = 7071 (vng) 4, 4.50.1, 4

Chn mt dng in : J1 = J2 = 2,75(A/mm2) ng knh dy cun : d1= 4.S1 4.0, 00457 = = 0, 076(mm) 3,14

Vy chn d1 = 0,1mm m bo bn v cch in tt ta chn d1 = 0,12mm S vng dy cun th cp: W2 = 482 vng Tit din dy: S2 = S 8,31 = = 0, 0335(mm 2 ) 6.U 2 .J 2 6.15.2, 75 4.S2 0, 03355.4 = = 0, 2(mm) 3,14

ng knh dy cun th cp : d2 = Chn d2 =0,31mm

2 (d .W + d 2 W ) H s lp y kl = 0,9 vi kl = 4 1 1 2 1 C.h
Ca s my bin p :

2 2 (d1 .W1 + d 2 .W1 ) 4 C= = 5,5( mm) h.k ld

Chn C = 10mm 32

Chiu di mch t:

C0=2C+3a=2.10+3.12=56(mm)
Chiu cao mch t: H = h + 2a = 30 + 2.12 =54(mm) 3.7 Tnh ton chn diode cho b chnh lu ngun nui : Dng in HD qua IDHD = I 2 0, 09 = = 0, 06( A) 2 2

in p ngc ln nht m diode phi chu: UNmax = Chn diode c Im Im ki.IDHD = 10.0,06 = 0,6(A) Chn Im = 1A Chn diode c in p ngc ln nht Un = kn.UNmax = 2.36,7 =73,4(V) Vi Im = 1(A), Un=73,4(V) ta chn diode loi KH 208A c cc thng s :Im=1.5A,UN=100V 6.U 2 = 6.15 = 36, 7(V )

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Phn III : M phng

M phng mch ng lc bng phn mm Psim Mch m phng v kt qu nh hnh v bn nh hnh v bn :

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Kt lun
Hc k va qua vi s gip tn tnh ca thy Bi Vn Huy. Chng em d c gng hon thnh n mn in t cng sut vi ti thit k b iu khin ng c khng ng b roto lng sc mc d lc u cn b ng, nhng c s ch bo tn tnh ca thy Bi Vn Huy, chng em hon thnh n, c thm c nhiu kinh nghim qu bu trong thc t, kin thc v in t cng sut v cc mn hc khc sau ny c t tin lm cc n khc v gip chng em : Hiu c cu to, nguyn l hot ng ca b iu p xoay chiu 3 pha v ng dng vo thc t Bit cch thit k v tnh ton mch ng lc Bit cch thit k v tnh ton mch iu khin Kt qu m phng cho thy mch ng lc cho thy hot ng tt v t nhng yu cu thc t t ra. iu chng t tnh ng n ca mch thit k, kt qu l l c s cho vic ng dng thit k mch thc t. Tuy nhin, do thi gian c hn v kin thc cn non km nn n khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy Bi Vn Huy tn tnh hng dn , gip em trong sut thi gian lm n em hon thnh n ny H ni ngy 16 thng 4 nm 2010 Nhm sinh vin thc hin: Quang Bch Nguyn Vn Hin (05/03) Ngc Hng inh Gia Lim Nguyn Vn Hin(07/03)

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