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KJM 561: Sessional Assignment 1 EM220 / 7M2 Date: 9/4/2005 UiTM Shah Alam
This gearbox design is actually the interpretation of the available gearbox configuration of a cutting machine. The arrangement of the gearbox gears was taken from a catalogue at UiTM machine shop. For my case of study, I have chosen the eight speeds Cholchester 5 in. (140 mm) Bantam Lathe. The diagram of the machine is shown in the Appendix. Figure 1 shows the gearbox layout of the lathe
machine. It consists of three major shafts with the input or driving shaft denoted by C. As shaft C act as the input shaft, it consists of four gears for speed changing mechanism with number of teeth of 12, 30, 14 and 24 respectively. On the intermediate shaft, denoted as D, four gears mounted on it. Each gears having number of teeth of 30, 13, 28, and 20 respectively. On the output shaft A, two major gears acting on it which have number of teeth of 44 and 51 respectively. Shaft B and E act as reversing shafts for the system. Furthermore the arrangement speeds of the gearbox is in 4.2 (i.e.; four C
different
produced
intermediately
between
shaft
and D whilst two different speeds between shaft D and A). As a summary, number of teeth of the gears involve in the mechanism can be categorized as follows:
Shaft C: N11 = 12 (= a) N12 = 14 (= c) N13 = 24 (= e) N14 = 30 (= g) Shaft D: N21 = 30 (= b) N22 = 28 (= d) N23 = 20 (= f) N24 = 13 (= h) Shaft A: N31 = 51 (= i) N32 = 44 (= k)
From Figure 1, the first stage transmission ratio has four combinations:
uI1 = N11/ N21 (= 12/30) = 0.4 uI2 = N12/ N22 (= 14/28) = 0.5 uI3 = N13/ N23 (= 24/20) = 1.2 uI4 = N14/ N24 (= 30/13) = 2.3
The
second
stage
transmission
ratio
then
has
two
uII1 = N23/ N31 (= 20/51) = 0.39 uII2 = N22/ N32 (= 28/44) = 0.64
The speed layout or the Ray Diagram of the gearbox is shown in Figure 2.
The step ratio of the gearbox can be calculated as follows: B = speed range z nH nL B = step ratio = number of speed = the highest speed = the lowest speed
(z-1)
= 1.56
which give the speeds as follows : n1 = 36 rpm n2 = 36 () (= 56.16 rpm) n3 = 36 (2) (= 87.61 rpm)
n4 = 36 (3) (= 136.67 rpm) n5 = 36 (4) (= 213.21 rpm) n6 = 36 (5) (= 332.60 rpm) n7 = 36 (6) (= 518.86 rpm) n8 = 36 (7) (= 800.00 rpm) Speeds of shaft D by each gear as referred to Figure 2 are: nII1 = n1 + (n2-n1)/2 = 46 rpm
Speed of the input gear on shaft C as referred to Figure 2 is: nI1 = n4 + (n5-n4)/2 = 175 rpm
Because
of
the
space
requirement,
we
can
see
that
the
gearbox designed is very simple rather than because of its number of speeds is only eight. The gearbox also using the sliding gears as the type of speed changing mechanism.
On
the
first
stage,
uI1 and
uI2 (i.e.
0.4
and
0.5)
are
relatively low, thus the differences between the torques which have to be transmitted is low but then uI3 and uI4 (i.e. 1.2 and 2.3) are relatively high, thus the required torque is also high. On the second stage, both
transmissions ratio are low (i.e. 0.39 and 0.64). The first speed of the gearbox is provided by the
combination of gear a.b and gear f.i. When switching to the second speed, second stage meshing gear is then changed to gear d.k. To change to the third speed, first stage meshing gear changed to the combination of gear c.d and gear f.i on the second stage while fourth speed is the combination of gear c.d and gear d.k. The next speeds are following the same sequence. It can be said that, to change the speed, the gear on the output shaft has to be changed every time, thus this will cause fast failure because of fatigue on the gear
teeth caused by the torque transmitted between gears on different shafts. This means that speed range is supplied by different set of gear set (i.e. to change the speed, gear set has to be changed at stage 1 and stage 2). The transmission ratio of the second stage is , and thus this is very preferable since it is low. The highest transmission ratio, i.e. the greatest speed change occurs in the first part drive. Therefore the gears for reduction uI1 must be strong enough.
Appendix
b. The assembly of the eight speeds gearbox of Cholchester 5 in. Bantam lathe
c. Separated parts drawing of eight speeds gearbox of Cholchester 5 in. Bantam lathe machine