Bn th ca Pht

Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki (Hong Phong chuyn ng)

Li gii thiu ca ngi dch: Bn-th-ca-Pht cn gi l Nh Lai Tng, Pht Tnh, Php Gii, Chn Nh... (ting Phn l Tathagatagarbha), l mt khi nim quan trng ca i Tha Pht Gio. Tathagatagarbha c ghp t hai ch Tathagata v garbha: Tathagata c ngha l nh th, c Pht thng t xng mnh ch l nh th, hin ra ni y l nh th, dch ra ting Hn l Nh Lai; ch garbha c ngha t chng l "nguyn nhn" hay "bn trong" (ca mt th g )..., ting Hn dch l chng t. Vy Tathagatagharba hay Bn-th-ca-Pht mang mt ngha nh th no trong Pht Gio? Di y l mt bi vit ngn ca thin s Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki (1870-1966) gii thch v Bn-th-ca-Pht. Gii thiu dng di v D.T. Suzuki c l cng bng tha, bi v hu ht nhng ai tng dy cng hc Pht cng u bit n ng, ngi mang thin hc Zen vo th gii Ty Phung trong tin bn th k XX. Bi vit ny c tm thy trong tp san France-Asie, s c bit vi ch Pht Gio, c pht hnh ti Si-gn nm 1959. S c bit ny gp nht cc bi vit ca mt s cc hc gi Pht Gio li lc nht th gii vo thi by gi. S bo ny c ti bn ti Php ln th nht nm 1987 v ln th hai nm 2008. Gi l mt s bo c bit th nhng tht ra y li l mt quyn sch s mang ta l "Prsence du Bouddhisme" ("S Hin Din ca Pht Gio"). Ln ti bn th hai ch gi li phn gio l th m cng dy gn 600 trang ch nh. Ngi dch xin mn php ghp thm mt vi ghi ch nh vi hy vng c th gip ngi c d theo di bn gc hn. Cc li ghi ch ny c trnh by bng ch nghing v t trong hai du ngoc. Nu qu v yu cu ti gii thch th no l "bin-c-Ng" (satori-venement / event-satori / Satori l ting Nht v cng l mt thut ng c th ca thin hc Zen. Ch Satori c th tm dch l "Ng", s "tnh gic", s "qun thy su xa" hay s nhn thc c "Bn-th-ca-Pht") v ng thi cng mun bit thm "th-dng-Ng" (satori-tat / satori-state) v "bin-c-Ng" khc nhau nh th no, th ti s xin gii thch vi qu v nh th ny: ton th mi ngi trong chng ta, khng ngoi tr mt ai, k c cc chng sinh hm cha tri thc v gic cm, tt c u trong th dng Ng. Tt c chng ta u trong th dng , th nhng chng ta khng thc c s kin ny m thi. Chng ta no c n bu khng kh bao bc chung quanh a cu; ch khi no gi thi khin cho khng kh chuyn ng th khi chng ta mi thc c s hin din ca n. S d chng ta khng h ngh n s hin din ca khng kh l v trc y n bt ng v trong th dng ngng ngh (chng ta lun trong Hin Thc tc l th-dng-Ng, th nhng chng ta khng h thc c s kin hay th dng . Phi nh vo mt bin c no xy ra th khi y chng ta mi thc c l mnh ang "sng" trong Hin Thc). Dng lun lu hay s chuyn ng y, nu ti c th ni nh th, chnh l "bin-c-Ng". Khi tt c mi s u ngng ngh (nh ch, khng chuyn ng) th chng ta s trong th dng Ng (th nhng chng ta li khng thc c s kin ). Ch khi no c mt chuyn ng tm thn c bit xy ra th khi "bin-c-Ng" mi c th pht sinh. Bin c y tt nhin khng phi l mt bin c thng thng. N ch xy n vi mt ngi no , trong mt bi cnh no , v phi cn n mt s chun b t trc (phi tu tp v pht huy s ch tm cn thit). Chng ta hy c nhn vo tm gng ca c Pht. Ngi t b lc th phm tc, tm vo rng suy nghim trit hc di s ch dy ca cc v thy uyn bc nht thi by gi. Th nhng nhng g c Pht nghin ngm bng cch da vo l tr th hon ton ch mang tnh cch tr thc.

S tm ti khng h gip Ngi qun thy c bn cht ca Hin Thc. V vy Ngi khng th no tin tng hon ton vo cc phng php bin lun trit hc. Th l Ngi li phi tr vo rng thm mt ln na, v mc ch ln ny l luyn tp bng cch hnh xc. C th Ngi suy ngh rng khi no cn quan tm qu ng n cc i hi ca thn xc th khi tm thn s cn b xao ng v tch ri ra khi cc mc tiu m n mong cu. Tnh trng hoang mang y tt s khin cho tm thc khng sao thc hin c cc ch ch ca chnh n. y c th l l do khin cho c Pht quyt nh gim thiu ti a cc nhu cu vt cht: ng tht t, n tht t, gi t th ngi yn v trin min lng su vo thin nh. Th nhng cch luyn tp y cng vn cha lm cho Ngi hi lng, bi v khi cc nhu cu vt cht b gim xung th sc kho cng theo m ngy cng km i. Ngi kit lc v khng cn ng ln c na. Ch khi no s sinh tn c bo v th khi con ngi mi c th tm thy c s Thc Hin (Gic Ng) v s toi nguyn vn ton (s Gii Thot); y l l do cho thy ti sao con ngi li cn phi c mt sc kho tht tt. Nu c tnh ct gim bt i cc nhu cu ti thiu gip cho s sng tn ti, th tt nhin s kh lng mang li cc iu kin cn thit nh trn y. c Pht bt u n ung tr li. Th nhng c nguyn phi t c mt ci g vn cn nguyn trong lng Ngi. Tht s ra th Ngi cng khng thc c r rt iu c nguyn y l g, Ngi ch hiu rng c mt nim kht vng no trong lng. S suy t mang tnh cch tr thc t ra qu nng cn, php luyn tp bng cch hnh xc cng chng kh hn. Kht vng ca Ngi vn cn nguyn vn, khng mt cht phi pha. Ngi cm thy mt ni lo u tht su kn pht sinh trong lng mnh bi v s bin lun tr thc cng nh php luyn tp hnh xc c hai u khng th gip cho nim kht vng ca Ngi bt i s ray rt. Ngi cng chng bit phi lm g na. Khng cn mt phng cch no khc gip Ngi tm ra mt li thot. Ngi bn quyt nh loi b phng php bin lun tr thc v y ch l cch by ra mt tr i tc gia ch th v i tng, v ci tr i tc s chng bao gi c th mang li th dng an bnh trong tm thc c. Nu chng ta t p buc mnh phi tr thnh mt con ngi o c ton vn th y cng ch l cch to ra mt s phn tch: pha bn ny l ngi c mong t c s vn ton o c (vi t cch l ch th), v pha bn kia l chnh s vn ton y (tc l i tng). Chnh v th nn s vn ton s chng bao gi c th t c, bi v cha kp t c mt cp bc no , th tc khc li hin ra mt cp bc khc cao hn, hng vo mt s vn ton khc l tng hn. Do chng ta s chng bao gi c th tr thnh hon ho c. Khi vn cn s tch ri gia ngi tm kim s vn ton v chnh s vn ton y th mc ch ti hu s chng bao gi c th t c. Mt khi m s chia i Hin Thc ra thnh hai thnh phn i nghch nhau vn cha loi b c tc l tnh trng phn tch gia ch th v i tng, mt bn l ngi suy ngh v mt th g v bn kia l chnh th y, hay ni cch khc l gia ngi nu ln cu hi v chnh cu hi ca ngi y, vn cn nguyn - th khi s phn tch y s vn cn tip tc ngn chn s Thc Hin (Gic Ng). Tt nhin l nhng g trnh by trn y u da vo l lun. Th nhng c Pht th li khng l lun, Ngi ch n gin cm nhn c mt iu g tht ray rt trong lng mnh m chnh Ngi cng khng hiu c bn cht ca n l g. Ngi cm thy v cng tuyt vng. Ngi Thin Cha Gio vn thng hay tht ln: "Khi mt ht hy vng th ch cn ph mc cho Tri". y l cch m h tch ri Tri ra khi con ngi; v chnh v th nn h nh phi tht ln nhng li tuyt vng v ch cn bit giao ph cho Tri. Th nhng ngi Pht Gio chng ta th li suy ngm v mi s vt di mt kha cnh khc hn: chng ta khng h quan tm n th gii hin tng. Tht vy c Pht khng nh mt th gi vo cch suy lun i loi nh th. Ngi ch cm thy mt nim kht vng mun t c mt ci g v nim kht vng y lun ray rt trong lng mnh. Khi no cm tnh kht khao y hin ra th ngi ta cng s vt thot khi th dng tri thc thng thng v vt ln trn s tng i. c Pht dn tt c sc ch tm ca mnh vo nim kht vng y n Ngi ha nhp vo vic tm hiu n v ri tr thnh chnh n. Ngi khng cn tch ri ra khi n na ( tr thnh ch th v i tng) v cng khng cn cm thy khao kht na: Ngi tr thnh MT vi n. Nhng g Ngi suy t tr thnh chnh Ngi, khng cn phi l nhng th t duy ca Ngi nh trc y na (Ngi tr thnh chnh s Gic Ng v s Gic Ng cng tr thnh chnh Ngi).

Tt nhin l c Pht khng suy ngh theo nh cch ti va trnh by trn y; bi v y l nhng g do ti t bnh gii v din t ra nh th. Khi no th dng (nht nguyn) y hin ra th t duy cng s t c mt s ng nht, mt v th thng bng no , mt cch chnh xc hn l qun nhn c bn th t nhin ca thc ti (ralit de nature / reality by nature / t bn cht hay l bn tnh t nhin l nh th). Ch "thng bng" gin tip ni ln s a dng ca mi s vt v s hi ha ca chng (khi no trng thy cc hin tng chuyn ng hi ha v khng xo trn th c th tm gi nh l mt s thng bng), th nhng i vi trng hp qun thy trn y ca c Pht th ch "thng bng" khng mang ngha nh th, m ng hn l mt th bn cht t ti [ca mi hin tng]. Ngoi ra th ch "nhn din" cng khng phi l mt t thch hp cho lm khi mun ni rng cc vt th ny c "nhn din" (indentified / xc nh hay c nhn bit...) khc hn vi cc vt th khc. Theo quan im ca c Pht th khng c mt s khc bit no gia s tm kim v i tng ca s tm kim. Ngi lng su vo mt th dng nht th tuyt i. (Nu ln cc thut ng nh "s ng nht ca t duy", "s thanh thot hon ton ca tm thc" hay th dng "sambhodi" (s tnh gic hay gic ng), th cng ch l mt cch gii thch thuc lnh vc tm l hc m thi - li gii thch thm ca tc gi). D sao th cng phi xy ra mt bin c gi l Satori (Ng) th th dng (nht th) y mi c th thc hin c. S "gic ng" nh cng s hin l nh l mt s chuyn ng c bit gi l "bin-c-Ng" (satori-event) hay "kinh-nghim-cm-nhnNg" (satori-experience), d rng th dng nhn bit (identification / nhn din, xc nh...) y cn ty thuc vo mi ngi trong chng ta. Khi bin c y xy ra th chng ta cng s nhn bit c rng mnh ang trong th dng Ng y. Chnh v th nn ngi ta thut li rng khi c Pht t c kinh nghim cm nhn trn y th Ngi cng biu l s kinh ngc ca mnh khi nhn thy rng tt c mi s vt u hm cha bn-th-ca-Pht - tht s l tt c, bi v bn th y khng nht thit ch l gia ti ring ca cc chng sinh c gic cm m cn hm cha trong t v c cc vt th khc trong th gii, khng ngoi tr bt c th g. Tt c u l Pht, th nhng ch v cc vt th khng t thc c ci bn th ca chng m thi. y chng qua ch v chng khng th to ra c "bin-c-Ng" gip chng thc c s kin (ch c con ngi l c th bng tnh nh vo "bin-c-Ng" mang li t s tu tp ca chnh mnh nhn ra rng k hung c, ngi hin lnh, k tham lam, ngi rng lng, k xu x, ngi xinh p... tt c u l chnh mnh; xc cm hay t duy trong tm thc cng l chnh mnh; t , cy c, mt ng my lng l trn bu tri, mt ln gi thong xuyn qua cnh l hay mt m thanh vang vng trong khng gian cng u l nhng biu hin ca chnh mnh. S bng tnh s gip chng ta thc hin c "thdng-Ng" v qun thy c bn th ca ch Pht v ca c chnh mnh). C mt ngi t hi Thy mnh nh sau: "Th con c hm cha bn-th-ca-Pht hay khng?". V Thy tc khc tr li ngay: "Khng, mi khng h hm cha bn-th-ca-Pht". Ngi t hi vn li: "Con nghe ni rng tt c mi th u hm cha bn-th-ca-Pht kia m... Ti sao con li khng c?" V Thy li tr li tip nh sau: "Cn trng, sc vt, t ..., tt c u hm cha bn-th-ca-Pht - ch tr c mi l khng c". Ngi t t v lo lu: "Th th ti sao con li khng c?" V Thy bn gii thch nh sau: "Ch v mi nu ln cu hi" (nu ln thc mc trong u l cch t tch ri mnh ra khi s thc mc ca chnh mnh, tc l t to ra ch th v i tng, ni cch khc l t tch ri mnh ra khi hin thc). Thc mc ca ngi t cho thy rng ngi y khng thu trit c mt cch tht thc rng chnh mnh ang hm cha sn Bn-th-caPht (v c tng rng bn-th-ca-Pht l mt th g khc vi mnh). S thc hay gic ng y l mt s kin v cng quan trng, v n cng ch c th xy n vi con ngi m thi. V th chng ta cng c th bo rng tt c mi s vt, k c vt cht, u hm cha bn-th-ca-Pht, th nhng cn phi l mt con ngi mi cm nhn c ci bn th y.

Vi li ghi ch ca ngi dch Vi mt vn phong gin d, ngn gn v quen thuc, D.T. Suzuki tm lc tht khc trit v kho lo ngha ca mt khi nim c th ni l ch yu v then cht nht ca i Tha Pht Gio, nht l i vi Thin Tng v Kim Cng Tha. Nu cho rng Bn-th-ca-Pht hin hu ni

tt c chng sinh v mi vt th trong th gii th y c phi l mt s nghch l i vi mt khi nim v cng quan trng khc ca o Php l "tnh khng tuyt i v ti thng" ca tt c mi hin tng hay khng? D sao th thc mc ny cng c v chnh ng. Vy chng ta th tm hiu xem hai khi nim "tnh khng" v "Bn-th-ca-Pht" c mu thun vi nhau hay khng hay y ch l mt s "b tc" cho nhau? ***

Qu trnh hnh thnh khi nim v Bn-th-ca-Pht c Pht trc tip nu ln tnh khng trong nhiu bi ging v cho bit rng Ngi lun thng tr trong ci tnh khng ti thng v tuyt i y. Th nhng khng thy c mt bi kinh "nguyn thy" bng ting Pa-li no trc tip nu ln khi nim v Bn-th-ca-Pht mt cch dt khot v r rng. Ch thy Tng-nht B Kinh (Anguttara Nikaya) v mt hc phi Pht Gio xa mai mt l i-chng b (Mahasanghika) a ra mt vi gi kh m h v Pht-tnh m thi. Tm li khi nim v Bn-th-ca-Pht hay Pht Tnh nht thit ch l mt khi nim c th v c bit ca i Tha ni chung v c bit gi mt vai tr tht ch yu trong Thin Hc v Kim Cng Tha. Khi nim v Bn-th-ca-Pht ch bt u c nu ln tht r rng t khong nm 200 sau Ty Lch tr v sau ny, v c cp nhiu nht trong cc b kinh nh i phng ng Nh Lai Tng kinh (Tathagatagarbha-sutra, khong nm 200 sau Ty Lch), Thng man Kinh (Srimaladevisimhanada-sutra, th k th III), i bt Nit Bn Kinh (Mahaparinirvana-sutra, th k th III), Hoa Nghim kinh (Avatamsaka-sutra, th k th III), Nhp Lng Gi Kinh (Lankavatara-sutra, th k th III), v.v... Ni chung th s kinh sch v cng phong ph ny nh du thi k trng thnh ca i Tha Pht Gio vo cc th k th III v IV, sau khi c hnh thnh bn trm nm v trc tc vo th k th I trc Ty Lch. C th ni rng trong s cc kinh sch trn y th Nhp Lng Gi Kinh (Avatamsaka-sutra) l b kinh gii thch khi nim v Bn-th-ca-Pht su sc v khc trit nht. Kinh ny c xem l do chnh c Pht Thuyt ging th nhng tht ra nu cn c vo cc d kin lch s th ch c trc tc vo khong th k th III. Cng xin nhc thm l B- t-Ma da vo kinh ny lm nn tng sng lp ra mt hc phi mi l Thin Hc ti Trung Quc vo khong th k th VI. Bc sang th k th V ngi ta li thy xut hin thm mt tp lun kh quan trng na l tp Bo tnh lun (Uttaratantra-sastra cn gi l Ratnagotravibhaga). Tp lun ny trin khai khi nim v Bn-th-ca-Pht tht su rng vi nhiu kha cnh trit hc v cng su sc v khc trit. Chnh tp lun ny gi mt vai tr then cht a n s hnh thnh ca Kim Cng Tha vo khong cui th k th V hay u th k th VI. Trn y l mt vi nt tht khi qut nh du mt giai on cc thnh ca Pht Gio ni chung v ca i Tha ni ring sut trong nhiu trm nm, k t th k th I trc Ty Lch cho n cc th k th VII v VIII. Trong giai on ny nhiu hc phi ln tun t c hnh thnh nh Trung o, Duy Thc Hc, Kim Cng Tha v Thin Hc. Sau giai on hng thnh ny v cho n nay khng cn thy mt hc phi quan trng no khc c thnh lp thm. Trn phng din gio l th bn hc phi ln trn y a ra nhiu cch din t mi v mt s khi nim trong gio hun ca c Pht, hoc t ra th trn phng din thc hnh cng thit lp c nhiu php tu tp c th v chuyn bit, nht l i vi Kim Cng Tha v Thin Hc. Trong s cc ng hng din t mi v gio hun ca c Pht, ngi ta nhn thy c hai khuynh hng ni bt nht: trc ht l trin khai su rng khi nim v tnh khng v a khi nim ny vo v tr trung tm ca o Php, v sau l sng to ra thm mt khi nim mi l Bnth-ca-Pht (Tathagatagarbha). Vy Bn-th-ca-Pht, ngoi cc cch gii thch ca D.T. Suzuki trong bi vit trn y, cn mang thm cc ngha hay cc cch gii thch no khc na hay chng?

nh ngha v Bn-th-ca-Pht Trong i phng ng Nh Lai tng Kinh (Tathagatagarbha-sutra) c mt cu nh sau: "Trong tt c chng sinh u n cha tinh anh ca Nh Lai: tng t nh trong lng ca mt ngi m ngho nn n du mt a con ng yu, nh vng rng du kn trong mt ni u...". i bt Nit-bn Kinh cng nu ln nh sau: "Tng t nh b ha ln trong sa, Pht-tnh thm nhun trong tt c chng sinh". Th nhng Bn-th-ca-Pht - cn c gi l Pht-tnh - khng nhng ch c xem nh mt kho bu v cng qu gi m cn l "nguyn nhn" hay mt "phng tin" gip cho tt c chng sinh tr thnh Pht. Ni mt cch khc Bn-th-ca-Pht cn biu trng cho mt tim nng t ti trong tm thc ca mi c th con ngi gip h thc hin c s Gic Ng. Tim nng y ch tm thi b che khut v b bp ngt bi v minh m thi. Chnh v th nn Bn-th-ca-Pht hay Phttnh, hay Nh Lai Tng (Tathagatagarbha) cn c gi l "ht ging", "nguyn nhn" hay "chng-tca-Pht". Ngoi ra kinh sch cng thng s dng ch "dhatu" (c ngha l gii, thnh phn, lnh vc, th dng...) ghp thm vo ch "Tathagata" (Nh Lai) to ra t ghp "Tathagatadhatu", c ngha l "Th-dng-Nh-Lai", nhm ch nh Bn-th-ca-Pht. Thut ng ny tht ra mang hai th dng hay hai bn sc khc nhau: - th dng th nht l sattvadhatu hay "th dng chng sinh" (ch sattva c ngha l chng sinh: tre / being), tc l th dng chung ca tt c cc chng sinh "cha gic ng". - th dng th hai l Dharmadhatu hay "th dng o Php" cn gi l "Php Gii" (cnh gii ca o Php), tc l th dng gic ng ca ch Pht, biu trng bi "Hin Thc tuyt i". Hn na ngi ta cng cn thy kinh sch gi Bn-th-ca-Pht l Dharmakaya tc l "Php Thn" hay l "Thn o Php", tc l th dng khng sinh, khng dit, khng hnh sc ca ch Pht. Php Thn cn c xem l th tnh ca hin thc hin hu t ti ni ch Pht v tt c chng sinh. Tm li ch Php Thn c xem ng ngha vi cc ch Chn Nh, Hin Thc hay s Vn Hnh ca ton th V Tr, ni cch khc l trong mi chng sinh u hm cha sn Chn Nh hay Hin Thc gip h cng vi ch Pht vn hnh chung trong v tr. Tuy nhin nu cc chng sinh no cha t c gic ng th s khng th no nhn thy c phm tnh y ca chnh mnh ha nhp vi s vn hnh . Ngoi ra Kim Cng Tha cn xem Bn-th-ca-Pht l mt s "vin mn tuyt i" v gi y l "nh sng trong sut" biu trng bi mt v thn linh nhm ng dng vo vic luyn tp. i vi ring hc phi i Cu Cnh (Dzongchen) th Bn-th-ca-Pht chnh l "bn th ch tht v t ti ca tm thc" v c gi l rigpa. Ch Ty Tng rigpa c ngha t chng l mt "th dng t nhin hay t ti", v trong trng hp nu c dng ch nh Bn-th-ca-Pht th ch ny s mang ngha l "bn cht t nhin ca s hiu bit", tng t nh "hi nng l bn cht t nhin ca la" hay "s m t l bn cht t nhin ca nc". Do ch rigpa cng c xem nh tng ng vi cc ch Phn vidya (s qun thy) hay prajna (tr tu) l cc ch mang ngha i nghch li vi ch avidya tc l v minh, ni ln bn cht t nhin ca s hiu bit. i vi hc phi Shentong - mt trong hai hc phi Trung Qun ca Ty Tng - th Pht-tnh hay Bn-th-ca-Pht cn c gi l Buddhajana tc l Tr-Tu-ca-Pht. Ni chung cc thut ng Ty Tng dng ch nh Bn-th-ca-Pht rt phong ph v mang nhiu ngha r rt. Tm li i Tha Pht Gio qua hng nhiu trm nm c gng phn tch, tm hiu v ng dng "mt iu g " va tru tng, bao qut li va su sc v rt kh din t gi l Bn-thca Pht. Cc v i s trong qu kh k tip nhau sng to ra v s cc thut ng quy c cng nh by ra tht nhiu cch gi nhm gip chng ta nm bt mt iu g v cng "b n" gi l Bn-th-ca-Pht. Ci bn th y s d t ra b n ch v n khng phi l mt th g khc thuc

bn ngoi c em p t thm cho hin thc, m chnh l bn cht t ti bn trong mi hin tng, t mt ht bi cho n c v tr, k c t duy cng nh xc cm trong tm thc ca mi con ngi. Vy ci bn th t ti v cng khp y ca mi hin tng l g?

S c th ha tnh khng Sau bi thuyt ging th nht l Bn S Tht Cao Qu (T Diu ), th ngay sau trong bi thuyt ging th hai c Pht nu ln khi nim "khng c ci ti" hay "gio l V Ng". Trong sut bn mi lm nm thuyt ging c Pht tip tc trin khai nn mng ca o Php vi cc cp bc khc nhau, v ng thi Ngi cng thng xuyn gii thch gio l "V Ng" bng mi cch v di nhiu kha cnh khc nhau. Th nhng khi nim v tnh khng th ch c c Pht trc tip thuyt ging cho mt s t tht thn cn, chng hn nh c Pht ging ring cho Anan- hai bi Kinh ngn v Kinh di v Tnh Khng (Culasunnata-sutta v Mahasunnata-sutta Trung A Hm 121, 122). Ngoi ra mt i ln Ngi cng c nu ln cho hai ngi t l X Li Pht v A-nan- bit rng Ngi lun thng tr trong ci tnh khng tuyt i v ti thng y. Trong bi Kinh ngn v Tnh Khng c mt on nh sau: - "Bch Th Tn, c ln Ngi ng th trn Nagaraka thuc x ca dn Sakka. Vo dp y v trc mt Ngi ti c nghe chnh Ngi ni ln nh th ny: 'Ny A-nan-, Ta lun an tr trong tnh khng, v ang trong lc ny th Ta li cng an tr su xa hn na'. Bch Th Tn, ti ngh rng ti nghe ng nh th, v hiu ng nh th. ng Th Tn p li nh sau: - "Qu ng nh th, ny A-nan-, nhng g ngi c nghe thy ng l nh th; nhng g ngi hiu c cng ng l nh th. ang trong lc ny, v cng tng t nh trc y Ta tng an tr trong tnh khng th nay Ta li cng an tr su xa hn na trong tnh khng. Cng chng khc g nh gian tnh x ny do Migra-Mat xy ct hon ton trng khng, khng c mt con voi no, khng c mt con b ci no, khng c mt con nga c no, khng c mt con nga ci no, khng c vng cng chng c bc, hon ton trng khng, chng c m n ng hay n b no t tp. Gian tnh x ch duy nht khng-trng-khng v ci c tnh c nht [ca n] thit lp bi tp th Tng on." on trch dn trn y cho thy l A-nan- vn y ny khng bit nhng g mnh c nghe c ng nh th hay khng. y ny tc l cn c mt ci g m mnh khng hoc cha hiu ht. Tuy nhin A-nan- vn c thut li s thc mc ca mnh vo dp kt tp o Php ln th nht c t chc mt nm sau khi c Pht tch dit. S thc mc y c truyn khu gn bn trm nm trc khi c ghi li bng ch vit trn nhng t l bi vo th k th I trc Ty lch Tch Lan. C th A-nan- cng mun thu hiu tng tn hn ngha ca tnh khng l g nn mi nu ln vi c Pht thc mc ca mnh nh trn y, th nhng c Pht ch ni vi A-nan- rng Ngi lun thng tr trong ci tnh khng y v cho A-nan- bit l s thng tr y cng tng t nh cm nhn c gian tnh x trng khng, ngi lng trng khng, khu rng trng khng, khng gian trng khng, tri thc trng khng, h v trng khng, y l mt s cm-nhn khngcm-nhn, mt s cm-nhn khng hng vo mt ch ch hay i tng no c. c Pht khng h "m x" ci tnh khng trn mt tr thc gii thch cho A-nan- m ch cho bit y l mt th dng hay mt kinh nghim cm nhn m thi. Nu ni theo D.T. Suzuki th s "cm nhn phi-itng" y cho thy c Pht hi nhp v tr thnh MT vi ci tri thc trng khng tuyt i v ti thng bn trong ca chnh Ngi.

Th nhng nu thuyt phc mt ngi tu tp bnh d nh chng ta hy c hi nhp vi ci tri thc trng khng ca chnh mnh v tr thnh MT vi n th qu rt kh, bi v nu khng

hiu c tnh khng l mt phng tin mang li s gii thot m ch nhn thy kha cnh tiu cc tc l s trng khng ca n, th nht nh s khin cho chng ta kh trnh khi phi s hi. D cho khng s hi i na th chng ta cng c th s cm thy hoang mang v lo lng, bi v chng ta khng kh nng cm nhn c s trng khng t ti y trong tm thc ca chnh mnh, m li xem n nh l mt i tng bn ngoi hi nhp vo y, tng t nh phi nhy vo mt ci h trng khng v su thm. C th cng v l do m cc v i s trong qu kh thuc cc tng phi v hc phi khc nhau c gng tm mi cch lp y ci h y, ni cch khc l c th ha "iu b n" y, tc l ci MT trong bi vit ca D.T. Suzuki hay ci "tnh khng tuyt i v ti thng" nu ln trong bi Kinh ngn v Tnh Khng, nhm bin n tr thnh mt ci g mang tnh cch "tch cc" hn. Ni mt cch khc l khoc ln cho tnh khng mt chic o mi d nhn thy v nm bt hn cho mt s ngi tu tp. Chic o y c th mang tn l Bn-th-ca-Pht, Nh Lai Tng, Pht Tnh, Chn Nh, Hin Thc, v.v... Trit hc Ty Phng gi phng php ny l cch "vt th ha" (chosification, reification, objectification...) cc khi nim tru tng. Sau y l mt th d khc v cch "vt th ha" khi nim Bn-th-ca-Pht, tm thy trong Nh Lai Tng Kinh (Tathagatagharbha-sutra) v trong tp Bo Tnh Lun (Uttaratantra-sastra cn gi l Ratnagotravibhaga) l hai trong s cc vn bn nng ct a n s hnh thnh ca Kim Cng Tha, y l chn phng cch so snh Bn-th-ca-Pht nhm bin n tr thnh c th hn: Bn-th-ca-Pht (Tathagatagarbha) tng t nh: 1- Mt pho tng Pht bn trong mt o hoa sen ho a 2- Mt ngt gia mt by ong 3- Mt ht ging bn trong chic v cng 4- Vng rng du trong ng rc 5- Mt kho tng chn kn di mt t 6- Mt mm cy bn trong hoa qu 7- Mt pho tng Pht trong ng gi rch 8- Mt v lnh o tng lai trong bng ca mt ph n xu x v ngho nn. 9- Mt pho tng bng kim loi qu bn trong mt mt khi t st. Pho tng Pht, mt ngt hay vng rng... chnh l ci "tnh khng tuyt i v ti thng " nm bn trong mi hin tng h o v v thng trong th gii, t mt ht bi cho n ton th v tr. Tht vy nu bo mt ngi no hy chuyn cn tu tp t c th dng "tnh khng tuyt i v ti thng" hay "tnh khng ca tnh khng" th nht nh s rt kh chinh phc h bi v c th h s khng hiu y l g. Th nhng nu bo h l s t c Bn-th-caPht hay Pht Tnh hu gip h tr thnh Pht th may ra c th thuyt phc h d dng hn.

Bures-Sur-Yvette,11.12.12 Hoang Phong chuyn ng

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