nnr ON TrlP LAN tr-HoA 10-10/2010 gai t) Tinh brin kinh gAn dirng cria nguydn tu Fe vd Au.

Cho khOi lugng ring cua kim loai Fe vd Au ld i",g7-etrrl vd 1.9.32.g7c*'. Cii thiet tiong-tinh thri cdc nguydn tu Fe vd Au ld nhiing hinh ciu chi6m 75% th6 tictr tinh th6, phin con l4i ld c6c khe rSng giira c6c qui ciu. Cho bitit nguydn tfr kh6i cira Fe 1A 55,85
vd cria vdns la 196.97.

Bni 2.

t0 molAl c6 bao.nhiu 1g_Wn tu Al? 2. ,ni6t rdng l0 mol Al co khdi lugng bing269,7 gam. H6y tinh kh6i lu-ong mol nguydn tir cria Al. Bii 3.J 1. Tfnh ti so hat mang din vh khdng mang di6n trong ion llr"'* 2. Cho cdc ki hiu nguyn trl iH, '3O , i]p. Trong.phan til HrPOotdng sd hat rnang din nhidu hcn
.

1. Hd.y cho biiit trong

cniitit

so Avogadro N:6,022.id23.

tdng so hat kh6ng mang din li bao nhi0u hat? eei +JCho c;ic ki higu nguyn ttr: $Br

\/

; ilK; flAr. Hdy xiic dinh s6 proton, s6 notron, s6 electron vi

?3K.i$ca'?.

diQn tich h4t nhain nguy'n

tfi'cia

chirng.

ili'sJXacdntt-ro

p.-torono

notron, electron c6 trong c6c h4t

iH '3o i;r

'l'ae'lZeu

!!er- co3- Poi

Soi-,

sau:

H2po;,
HzSOl. Cho
iXO

hpt co trong Bii 6.'X6c dinh tdng si5 "lcr'*

cdc ph6n tri', ion sau: 02. s2-, SO2,

115, trong d6 s6 h4t cO tdng s6 h4t proton, nstron vi eleotron proton, notron'vlt electron c6 ld 33 hat. Hiy chr: bi6t sO h4t diQn mang hon trat kh6ng mang diQn nhiAu 15 \, trons X vir tinh so khdi cua Bni 8./T6ng s6 hat proton, ncrtron vd ele,ctroncria I nguyn tft R le 76, trong dd s6 h4t rnang diQn nhiu hon s6 hpt khdng ming ctign ln 20. Hdy cho bi6t: 1. Sd hat ptoton, notron vd electron c6 trong R vi tinh sO ttrOi cta R. 2. Tfir.tty cdc mitc ning lugng vd cAu hinh electron nguydn tft R." Bni 9./Vi6t c6u hinh electron nguydn tt cria c6c nguyn t6 c6 d4c diiim sau: 1. C6 tdng sti cdc electron trong cdc phan lop p ld 7. 2. C6 t6ng s0 c6c electron trong c;ic phfln lqo s li 5. 3. Ld nguyn t0 p, c<i 4 i6p eiectron vdi 3 eiectron ti iop ngoAi ci)ng. 4. LA nguydn 1d p, c6 4 l6p electron vdi 3 electron o'phdn lop ngoii cing. 5. Ld nguyn t0 s, c6 4 l6p electrc,n v6i I electron o 16p ngodi ctrng. 6, ,!d nguy.en t5 d, c6 4l6p electron vdi 1 electron o lop. ngodi cirng.. Bni fulT6ng.s6 h4t co b6n cria nguyn tu cria mQt nguydn td R ld 21. BiCt sd kh6i cria nguyn tri chia ht clio 2. Vitit cAu hinh eiectron nguyn tri cria nguyn t6 R (dang chfi', d4ng 0 iucmg tfr', d4ng thu gqn) vd x6c dlnf si5 electron dQc thdn trong v6 nguyn tir"

Bni 7.vMOt nguydn tu cria nguyn t0 X

li

; i:S

X.

Bei11:Choc6crrguy0ntOhOahgcctisOtrigunguydnttr Zi:8, 11, L4, 17,2A,16, i8,26.Hdy chohi6t chirng ld kim.loai, phi kim hay khi hi6m. Vi sao'/ Cho hi6t trong ciic phdn ftng h6a hgc chfng c6 xu
hur:ng nhu th ndo? Bni ii:Ba nguyn tO A, B, C c6 sd hiQir nguyn t*'id 3 s6 tr-r nhi6n lin ti6p. T0ng sO e cria chring ld 5 i. Hby vi6t c6u hinh e vd cho bitlt tn cira chring. BAi 13: L Cho biet K, Mg, Al thuOc nh6m IA, IIA, IILA. H6y xd'c dinh sO electron ngoii ctng ctra c6c ion Na*, Mg2*, Al3*. Chring c6 chung cdu hinh e vdi khi him nho? 1: Cno bidt Cl; S thuoc nh6m VIIA vb VIA. Xdc dinh sd e ngohi cr)ng c&a ci4c ion Cl vd S1. Cdu hinh dv sidns cau hinh cria khi tro nho? g1i f 4.ftieti6u ninn electron cira ciic cdp nguydn t6 c6 sO hiQu nguyn tri ld: 2,10; 14,20; 8.18; 17,35. - Nh{n }i.dt vA s6 electron l6p ngoii cung ctia tirng c4p. tr,t6i cflp c6ch nhau bao nhiu nguyn t6? - Cdp ndo la kim loqi. phi kim hay khf him? Cap ndo li nguydn td kh6i s. g? Bni 15./ A*, B, C-dAu c6 cdu hinh electron o lcp r,,o ngoai ciurg ld 3s'3po. Viiit cdu hinh,electron nguyn tu cugA, B, C. eei (/fOng sO h4t (p), (e), (n) trong nguyn tu'cria nguyn t6 y ta 28. Trong rJo hgt khdng mang diQn chitiil 35,71Vo. Hdy mO ti criu t4o nguydn trl'cfia nguy0n.tO d6, vi6t ki hiu nguydn tri vd vit cdu hinh

electgn cua Y.

B^i(i/Nguy6n tt'cria nguyn tO X c6 t6ng sd electron trong c6c phAn ldp p ld 7. Ngyy0! tri cria nguySn t6 Y"c6 t6ng sO hat mang iign ntri6u hon i6ng s6 hat niang <liQn cfia X lA I hat. Vi6t c6tr hinh electron
oic nguyn td X vd Y. Bni lS.)MQt nguy0n tu R co tbng sd hqt rirang di6n vd hgng mang din ld 34, trong 116 s0 h4t mang din gdp 11833 lAn sO trat kh6ng mang diQn. Xfc dinh nuuyn td R vd vit cdu hinh electron nguyCn tu cira R.
nguyeq
trlr

cua

...1rir{

Bni@9l Nguyn tri nguyn t6 X cO t6ng s6 h4t bing 82. Trong h4t nhdn nguyn tu, h4t khdng mang di6n nhiAu hon hat mang diQn ld 4 hpt. t. Vii5t ki hi$u nguydn tri cria X. ViSt c5u hinh electron cta X, c6c ion X'*,X'* . 2. !6c dinh s6 electron dQc thdn, electron hoil tr!, electron lop ngodi cirng trong nguyn tu X. ,.,d BhiQg. Cho bit t6ng s6 electron trong ion AB3- le 42. Trong cric hat nhdn nguyn tu A cflng nhu B s6 proton bing s0 ft6 L H 1r Tinh sd khdi cta A vd B. Cho bi6t ki hiQu nguyn tri cira A vd B. 2n),/itc6u hinh electron, sg phdn bO cria electron vao c6c obitan nguydn tt cria cdc nguyn t6 A, B. Bili(zl)Cho ciic nguyn trl R vi M. R c6 sd khdi ld 56, tdng sd hat p, n, e trong ion R2* le 80 hat. 56 hat manfdiOn cira R nhidu hon sd hat mang din cira M ld 18 hat. SO hat notron cfia R nhi6u hon hat notron cira M ld 10 hal

,^\

l.

notron.

1 l.

\I:.d+ l-a L:A,, --,..,Av lul N rluu u6uJvtt

+Jr ^*^ Lu vu4

1\,f D l\, lyl.

a. Trong tu nhin brom c6 hai etdng vl .bn: ]lBr chi6m 50,69%0 siS nguyn d va $ nr chi6m 49,3lyo s6 nguyOn tu. Tim nguydn fii kh6i (NTK) trung binh c0a brom. b. Ddng c6 hai cl6ng v! bn ilcu vir ilcu. NTK trung binh cria d6ng ld 63,54. Tinh thinh phAn % sti nguydn tti cria m6i dOng vi. c. NTK trung binh c0a brom ld7g,gl. Brom c6 hai rt6ng vi, cl6ng vi l', Br -chi6m 54,5yo s6 nguyn tri. Tinh NTK cria tt6ng vi ths2. BAi 23.vAgon t6ch ra tri kh6ng khi la h5n hqp ba d6ng vi vdi % s6 nguy6 tt t&: 99,i%o oo Ar; 0,063Yo Ar ; tu 0,337Yo Ar .TinhthC tich cria 15 gam Ar o dktc. neiZ+lOxig0m 3 lo4i ddng vi: '3O 'lo 'to

Bili

2. /iet
22(

cdu trintr-etectron nguyn trl

cta R. M.

3E

Nguyn tft kh6i 15,9950 16,9992 Ti lF, oti sA norrv6n fri 99.760/" O^O4o/" HAy tinh nguyn tt kh6i cta oxi (tinh chinh x6c vd tinh gin ttfng). Biri 25.'Cho cdc ki hiu nguyn tti sau:

17,9993 o-20v"

1;s ?!c 13lr''2r ?3x ?3i Iim14p hqp c6c d6ng vl. C6 bao nhi6u nguyn tti h6a hgc trong s6 c6c nguyn tu ndulrn? Bni 26./Mbt nguyn t5 X gOm 2 ddng vi c6 s5 nguy6n tu ilr fe vJi nhau ftrni:z3. Hat nhdn ct6ng v!thf nh6t chria 35 (p) vd 44 (n). Hpt nhdn ddng vl thri 2 chr?a nhiAu hon 2 (n). X6c dinh NTK trung binh c0a nguyip,t6 X. BniQl,i Nguydn t6 M c6 3 ddng vl vdi tdng sO ttroi ld75.Xhc dinh sd khiii cta m6i lo4id6ng vikhi bi6t: - 56 nguyn tu cria ddng vi I chi}m]9o/ot6ng s6 nguyn tri vd bing 7,9ldn st5 nguyn tu ddng vi2. - HiQu sd notron cfia tt6ng vi 3 vd dOng vi I h 2. ATK trung binh cria nguyn tO M le 24,32. BIii2SlHda tarr hoin toirr 6,082 garn rnQf kini loai X (h6a ti'i 2) vio HCI du thi; ,Juo-c 5,6lit H2 (clktc). qkhc dinh kim lopi X. b) X c6 ba cl6ng vi. Bit t6ng s6 kh6i cta 3 dOng vi ld 75. 5.6 kh6j cria d6ng v!thr? hai bing trung binh cQng s5 kh6i cria hai ddng vi kia. Ddng vi thri nhAt cO sti 1p; beng s6 1n). Edng vi thri ba chiilm ll,4% s6 'i) nhiu hori d6ng vi thri hai ld mQt don vi. Tim sO khOi va sO 1n) cria m6i loai d6ng ' (r nguyen tu va co so vi. Tinh % vA s6 nguy6n tri cria hai d6ng vicdn l4i. cp\hi c6 50 nguyn tti cria ddng vithf hai thi c6 bao nhiu nguyn hi cria c6c ddng vi con l4i? BniQgiNguyn tri kh6i trung binh cria hidro diAu ch6 clugc tu m6t loai nu6c ld 1,008 vi chi gdm 2 loai ddng vi iH vit iH. Tfnh - Ti lC s5 nguyn tri cfa hai d6ng vi trong m5u hidro cli6u chtS ctuoc. i - Trong 100 gam (hoic 100 ml) nu6c n6itrn c6 bao nhi6u nguyn tu cl6ng vi ?.U ? Bitit O:16,000. , .. :. I rl - Tfnh 7i, i.ihoi iugng ddng vi ;ii co trong io4i nudc ndy. - Tiqh sd gam cl6ng v! | U co trong 90,04 gam nudc loai nay Bni 301a. Hiclro co ba d6ng vi li r'H, ,'H vd r3H. oxi c6 ba d6ng vi ld s16o, stto vd stso. Vi6t c6ng thftc c6c loaiph6n tu nuoc. Trong nudc t.u nhi6n, io4i nudc c6'ph6n tft kh6i nho nh6t ld bao nhiu? b. Trong tu nhi6n oxi c6 ba <16ng, vi 'f O ; '!o ;'r'O, cacbon c6 hai d6ng vi 2c; '2c. Hoi c6 thri c6 bao nhiu loai phdn trl khi cacbonic hgp thdnh tu cric ct6ng vi trn? Vi6t c6ng thric ph6n tu vd tinh phAn tri khdi cria chring.

',;A;;e'io

fis ilr'!r

1ZM'ie'ln

flr

Bni 52.t4lai nguydn tO A, B thuQc hai nh6m lin ti6p trong BTH, B thuQc nh6m V. O tr4ng.thdi eton ch6t A, B khdng t6c dgng v6'i nhau, t6ng diQn tich hat nhdn cria hai nguyn tti la 23. Xiic dinh s6 hiu ' nsuvOn A,. tu;;6, ;?r., iint'.r..tron nguyn tu cua nei SgYCno 8,8 gam h6n hgp hai kim lo4inim d hai chu ki ke tit5p vd thuQc nh6m IIA, t6c dgng vdi HCI du thi thu ctugc 6,72lit khi hielro (dktc). Dr,ra vdo bAng HTTH, xiic clinh 2 kim loqi dd cho. Bni 54./ H6n hqp X gdm hai kim lo4i kiAm thuQc hai chu ki k tii5p nhau. LAy 6,2 gam X phin img vdi HzO du thu dugc2,24lit khi (dktc). Tim hai kim lo4i d6. e1i SSJHSn hgp X gdm mu6i cacbonat c0a haikim lo4i kiAm th6 thuQc hai chu ki lin ti6p. Cho 14,2 gam X,tlic dung vdi HCI du thu dugc 3,36lit COz (dktc). Tim hai kim lo4i. [e,i SOY Cho llq gam h6n hgp mu5i cdobonat vd hidrocacbonat cria kim loai kiAm M t6c dgng hiit voi dung dich HCI du thu tluo. c 0,448 lit knf (dktc). Tim kim lo4i M. ni,a l^oi I'i- rv:.r lnoi rr^rvr^r L-- A -A*'u^i -hA- IIA thrrAn hoi nhrr Li kA tiAn *nno rrer r\urr -.r-.tilrrx.. w4vvvlr4! rr4r *,.A: lllsvt ^^^t ^nar vus ttat J t; I ltrlt rrvp n 6urtr lo6ng thu dugc khi B. Cho todn bQ khi B h6p BTH. Cho 7,2 gam,{ hou tan h6t trong dung dich HzSO+ thu h6t bdi 450 ml dung dich Ba(OH)z 0,2M thi thu dugc 15,76 gam k6t tria. Tim hai kim lo4i vd tfnh phAn trpm t<trOi tuqngrn-5i *uOitrong A. bei,6Slf6"g sO trAt (p), (n), (e) trong 2 nguyn tri kim lo4i A, B ld 142. Trong d6 t6ng sO h4t mang diQn nhiYu hon t6ng sd traf tctrOng mang eign lA 42. Sd h4t mang <tiQn cta nguyn t& B nhiOu hon cria Ald 12. Xdc dinbvi tri cria A, B trong BTH. Bni si.f-Jguyn tu e cO c6u hinh (e) ngodi cirng lir 3pa. Tj'lg s6 (n) vd s6 $) ld l:1. NquVen tri B c6 sd (n):1,25 lAn s6 (n) cria A. Khi cho 7,8 gam B t6c dqng vdi lugng du A ta dugc 1l gam hgpch6t B2A. Xric dlnh s6 ttrOi cta A, B vd vi tr( c0a A, B trong BTH. neri Oo/Cno Fe (Z:26), Ni (Z:28) vd ddu c6 2 ilectron o lop ngodi cirng trong c6u hinh elebtron. Vitit cAu hinh electroncua Fe, Fe2*, Fe3*, Ni, Ni2*. Xec dinh vitri cia Fe vd Ni trong BTH. A vd thuQc 3 chu ki lin tii5p. TOng s6 h4t proton @Ut6t. Cho 3 nguyn t6e, g, C ctng thuQc phAn nh6m ' A, B, C. t6 c6c nguyn cria A, F, C Uing ZO. Ggit6n

B.

^,..;y',''IJL; n4) '''dI

r-r--r- -t-^--^-..--.-,1uo-^.',^ ^:^-^....4-*A^:,1.^:al-^+-^-,{A^+L6-,&l/nncniinirnc -.:al-4-uSsJlrr rv vv rrsr vrvvlrvrr eYv garsar v rvH rrbvea trSuJlrr rs wu4 v4w Vrgt 9a1Ll rllllll C;lG;\/u\rlr

Y$^^D

(;ru)rr;;ffi;6 i
;G ;'il ;;iti.

vdi diu,ki n Z40. X6c dinh v! tri c6c nguyn t5 trong BTH. Bad Og./'Cho 3 nguyn td-X, Y, {.9 3 l6p electron trong vo nguyn tri, cAu hinh electron o ldp ngodi cung4LrrJng ung ld ns', ns'npto nstnp'. H6y xdc dinh vi hi cua X,.{, Z hong BTF{. B i(g/. fdng i6 h4t proton, ncrtron, electron trong nguyn tri cria mQt nguy6n t5ld34, trong h4t nhdn ngu/Cn tu sftrat khOng mang cliQn nhiu hon sO hpt mang cliQn khdng qu6 2 electron. - - Vi6t c6u hinh eleitron vi sgphdn b6 ctia electron vio ciic obitan nguyn tu. - Xric tlinh vitri cria nguyn t6 trong BTH, tinh chdt ho6 hgc co bin cria nguyn tO d6. Bii 6t/MOt nguyn tO dcO c6u hinh-electron nguyn t& lop ngodi cirng le 3s23p3. Trong hqp ch6t vdi hidro cira nsuyn t0 dO cO 8,82V'oH theo khSi luqng. X6c clinh NTK cria R vd vi tri cfia R trong PTH.. Bni 66.4,{guy6n tu cira nguy6n t6 X c6 tdng si5 hpt gric loai ld 60, sd h4t naang diQn trong het nhdn bdngsd h4t kh6ng mang diQn. Nguyn tu cria nguyn t5 Y c6 9 electron trn c6c phan bp p. Nguy9n tu nguyn t6.Z c6 4 rr"n ,,n nA I eiectron o lop ngcdi cr)ng. Ion E2* co,phdn lop electron ngoA.i cung hong cAu hinh l4 !w l\JU otantuan lllvuulr electron ld 3p6..Nguyn tO f' thugc kh6i d, chu ki 4, trong cAu hinh electron cta ion khdng c6 elechon dOc th6n. Nguyn tO d co t6ng ,6 .i."t.on OiOp tnn'3 trong cAu hinh electron nguyn tri la 16. Dyatn c6u hinhplecltron, cho bii5t v! tri cua crlc nguyn tO X, Y, Z. E F, G trong BTH. B;t@. iG 16 t a, proton, notroi, electron trong ion n. ta qr h4! trong d6 ti 19 s5 Wr5i vd s5 electron Ua"iq,+. ia"q Ainn ki hiQu nguyen tu, c6u,hinh.eteitron nguyn tt vi v!tri cria nguy:tg R trong.BTH' njiOS.fe va e ia hai nguydi lO O trai nh6m kti tii5p thuQc hai chu ki lin tit5p trong BTH. T6ng s6 proton trong h4t nh6n nguyn t-o.nu A vd B ld 3i. Hay xi,c dinh vi tri c0a hai nguy-6n t5 A, B trong BTH vd vitit c6u hinh electron cria chring' / 't Bni 69/Nguyn td X 6 chu ki 3, nh6m VA cria BTH. Vie cau hinh erectron c0a nguyen tri nguyen td crrns-nh6m thuQc 2 chu ki ki5 ti6p (tr6n vd du6i) iOi nguyen tO X' irong is niiibii c6 3 ,Jdng vi vo'iti lQ s5 nguyen tri la 92,3.9/,,4.7.94 ,-a 39lo' T0ng sd RE6ictra c6 3 d6ng vi ld 87. T6ng kh6i lugng cua 20 lguyen fii tiL 562,14 u (ho4c dYtl. )o lT.nTton ;.,rs;*,.rta" aarig vlthti z nhirihcrn trong h4t nhdn <l6.ng vl thri nh6t ld I haj TlY .:: di* s6 kh6i cfia uitren."ouu vdo BTH ggitn n[uyn t6 x n6u biet o d6ng v!co so thoi nho nhAt s6 proton = I i ,,.i, ,A hinh e vdx6c dinh vi tri cira X hong so norron. v rsr sau nqp .tt6t e co c6ng thtic d4ng MX, trong d6 M chitim 46,67vovA tctrOi lu-o,ng. M.ld kim lopi, X ld (n, p, n', p' ld s0 notron phi kim c6 3 lcrp e trong nguyen tt. HAJ nh6n M c6 n-p:4. ia proton cria nguy6n t,i M vd X). T6ng s6 proton trong MXu la 58. viet cdu hinh e cfia M, X vd xic rlinh vi tri cfia M X trons BTH.

BTH' ggtL"ll:91':P'

35cl tir kh6i c0a clo la 35'5' H6i B^l3l.clo trong tq nhi6n co hai ddng v! ld :?^:St:\euyen ld HClo+. Biiilnluycn rfi kh6i cta K, o, H lan lugt chib#bao nhiu % kh6i lu.gng trong KClor; uong
39, 16\1. (n) nhiAu hon sO hat (e) ln 12 h4t' B^i6?).Neuvn t* X c6 t6ng sO hpt bdng 126' SO hat uirinn ro p vd s6 kh6i ctra x' vdz' kh6icua X bing trung binhcQng.cria so t"3oi c'6aY b) Nguy6n t6 ndy girm 3 d6ng Ii.I, Y, z. s6 tri'h.idro' Tinh s6 kh6i cua Y vd Z' tliQu s0 (n) c6a-Y vd Z g?pZ't}n sO (p) cria.irguyn li* toai, tinh phi kim; su bi6n d6i va R i6/ph6t biu dinh lu4t tuan hodn. Nu qui ru4t bin ooi tinrr BTH u*i,-uuro cta oxit va iridroxit cta ciic nguven 15 qons. nguvn t6 thuQc phdn ia"a" t6t cria ereciron Bir(fiGgi t6n, vit ki hisu nguyn t,i;;ib;;6u rtintr nh6il-IA, VTTA, VIIIA. c5c khi him? phan nh6m A ndo g6m c6c kim lo4i' c6c phi kim' Trong BTH Bii 35j-il sinh, gi6i thich tinh bazo c0a c6c hiclroxit sau: Kdri, N"oH, Mg(oH)2' b) KoH' ca(oH)z' Al(oH)3 ") sau: rnrn Biri 36.,iSo s6rrh, giai th(ch tinh axit crha ciic hidroxit HrPO+' HNOr HzS.iOr' b) u) HrPOo, HzSO+' HCIO+ sau:--chdt hqp Bei 3Z.dSo s6nh, gi6i thich tinh axit ctra c6c b) HF' HCI' -dt HBr' HI a) PHr, HzS, HCI Ciai tnich' luu' , i.,Ne, Na*' Yt* ' an3*' Biri 38l,So srinh brln kinh cta c6c ion, nguyen"tu c6c nguyn tu sau: cira kinh b6n t6' diQn cria c6c.nguyn \' Bni 39rSo sann, giailr,i"h: tfnh tim ioai,io 6m b) K, ivfg' aL Cs . c) Ca Al' Si ,.,- a) K, Na, Mg phi kim,;O ffi diin cira c6c nguyen ti5'-b6n kinh cria c6c nguyn tft sau: Bhi 40.'So s6nh, giii thich: tinh i

35cl

ffiH,'#ielililint

;;

Ar (Z:18) ;ca(z:20\;Ti Al Bni 4fl cho cic nguvdn t6: o (Z:8i; Nu'tZ+'l); g:zil, cr (z=24),;pi (z:zo); cu (z:29\; zn ,,.,A- to rA (kim /Lim lo4i,phi lnni nhi kim hav khi him)' a) H6y vit cdu hinh e cria c6c gsuvin d, itt" uie,loqi nguyn nhiu' chu ki' nh6m)' b) [6c dinh v! tri cic .nBuyn td irong BTH' (6 thtl.baochu ki'3, nh6m VIIIA; (Z) chu ki 4, nh6m rA' vre; q1l r.i Rhi 42ycho c6c tft. cL; biiSt nguyn ti5 niu ii
viiit

------,-

"lsf,'N,o.

^-!lP,b,0'F,.

...-")P'S'Cl'F (Z1\tbtk:tl); (z=30)'

iop ngoai'.irng *al'"g"ven

c6u hinh electron vi x6c dinh s6 "r..ti"" ' kim [o4i, plri ki.m, k.hi hi6m? Vi t neuv.n t6 ... rv phi nhi kim)' kim). nguyen hay -,- - r:.{+ lopi t6 nguyn bit.lo4i 6im cho tft, Bni 43fviCt cdu hinh electron c6c nguyen c6c tlflc tli6m sau: ,fr"O" khAi;ao is, p, d, f1? BiiSt nguy6n t6 c6 X: chu ki 4' nh6m VIB A: chu ki 2, nh6m Y: chu ki 4' nh6m VIIB B: chu ki 3, nh6m Z: chuki 4' nh6m VIIIB' c6 4e tlQc thAn C: chu ki 4, nh6m T: chu ki 4' rih6m VIIIB' c6 3e dOc thdn D: chu ki 4, nh6m v hgp chat cira n6 v6i hidro co 5,B8yo hidro Bii aa!a.llin^."; nhat cria mQt nguyn to ia nor, trong

";;ild;?i.r,"
IVA IIA IIA VIIA

j:;a;

sao? i.

,^^r

n'ait*t;f:#,"m-#,ffi:"tla lugng. tim nguYn 16 io'

mQt nguyn

t6

ra RHa.

oxit

cao nhat cria

n6 ch*a

53,,3Yooxi vc khoi
I

X6c illnh ch6t v6i oxi, R."ht:l.7,':a?.'( vC t<h6i lugng' Bei 45."R ld nguyn tO nh6m IIA. Trong hqp tich khi the hiclroxit, fi. ti" oung v6.i nu6c du. Tinh thoi luqng nguyn tri kh6i .,1;'1. ri3;cho 16 eu,n 87,svo va nrroi lusns' Ro2, trong hqp $at v6i hidro thi Rchim $ll?J,[lSH to R co oxit cao nnat ratd'nguy-cn it_n c6 J (n) bane s6 b)' vi6t c6u hinh electron X6c rrlnh nguyen',ii'*rAr n. c,i;;;A; Ao* Aov rrong d6 phil tram khdi rusng tuong img' ,a R vn J6ng thuc phdn ttr c.a 2 oxit,2 hidroxit oxi rAn luqt rd 50oi vit 60vo- xac einh "g'.rve" r6ng so proton cria il;;3-iiep ,rit"" ,rorig met'chu ki trong.BrH. Bii 48.,x ua v ra ui6i c6u hinh electron nguyn tu cira X' Y' chring lit.Z;.Xitcii"rr rAi16" nguvcn ti ua ki lin ti6p trong BTH' T6ng vl th.u.c hui Bni 49.tK vd Y ld hai nguyn t0 thu.c cni*;Oi;h6"ttu electron nguyn tu cua X' Y' so nt?-""*ta" ly yi :r,., c6u hinh s6 prglon cua chirng ld 32. X6c flnrr mQt chu ki' BiCt X' Y d 2 nh6m A lin ti6p trong cirng Bii bCI phdn t0'XzY c6 t6ng s6 tt* pr"i""

;**.ryrn-T;1""i'i?lTl;ffi:Ti*:!:i!T"'#-b: ;i;;rr"id | fi"l'

iitn
qong thftc cua hgp chAt

XzY' Ti .L..A^ hai L.^i chu nre' ki rzi lien liAn ti6p tiAn trong trons BTH' BTH. T6ng ^ -.: vd thuQc cirng mQt nhgm-f t"i"gtVC"iO11--o-" fa Y vi Bnig/ BTH)' dirns (kh.rlq y troan y aiitt"itri cria X, trong bdng tuan cti'n tich hat nnan ctru x-ua h 58. xa"
X

Bn(72./MOt hqp ch6t cAu tqo tt M2* vd ion X-. Trong phdn tu MX2 c6 t6ng s0 hat (p, n, e) ld 186 h4t, tron$ il6 sO h4t mang clin nhiAu hon sO npt kh6ng mang diQn la 54 h4t. S5 tctrOi cua ibn Mr* l6n hon s6 khOi cria ion X- ld 21. T6ng sO h4t trong ion M2* nhidu hon trong ion X- ld 27. Viet cliu hinh e cfia ion M2*,X-,{ec dinh sO thri tu, s6 chu ki, nh6m cria M vd X trong BTH. Bni 73.'Tdng s6 h4t trong ion R* la 57. Trong nguyn tri R, sd hat mang cli6n nhidu hon sO h4t kh6ng
mang cliQn Id.18 hat. a) Tiry s6 h4t p, tr, o cria R.

/'

b) Viet c6u hinh electron cta R, n.. n ld kim,loai hay phi kim? R li c) Xic <tinh vi tri cta R trong BTH.
Bni 74.tifhd ndo ld li6n kOt ion? Cho vi du. Li6n kdt ion

nguyn

tr5

thudc idi6i ndo?

du-o.c hinh rhdnh rt nhftng nguyn ttr nio? D[c didm cira hqp chat ion? Bii 75.'/Hay viiit so dO bieu di6n sr,r hinh thdnh c6c ion sau tir c6c nguydn tu tuong ung. Nh{n xdt si5 electron l6p ngodi cirng cria cilc ion. a) Na*, Mg2*, Al3*, K, ca2*, b) F, cl-, Ba, o2-, s2-. Bni 76.'HAy gidi thich sg hinh thinh lin,ki5t gifra ciic nguyn tri c6c nguyn td sau:

Ba2*.

B^i77YThd nio li lin kdt cong hod tri? Lion kdt cong hoi{ tri c6 cuc? Lin kdt c6ng ho6 rri kh6ng cuc? Li0n kdt cho-nhdn? Nu vf du. BAi 78.'1. Phdn biQt su xen phri &uc vd xen phri b6n; lin ki5t rtch ma(o) vd li6n kiit pi (n\; li6n kiit tlon, lin t<6t OOi vd lin k6t ba. Cho vf dr,r minh hga. 2.Tinhs6 li6n k6t o, lin ktit r trong cic chitsau: CFIa, C3Hs, C2FI), C2H2, CH3COOH, HCN. Bni TgIBang hinh vC mO tA su xen phir obitan nguyOn tu tao ra lin kdt trong c6cphAn tt sau: H2, Clj, 02,
N2, HCl, H2S.

a)KviCl

b)CavdS

c)MgvnO

Bni SOyT?i sao nito ld mQt ch6t ktri tuong tltii tro d nhiet dQ thuong? ViiSt c6ng thfc c6p tpo, cOng tht?c electron cria c6c phdn tu NH3, NH4C1, HNO3 .'X6c dinh h6a tri, Sd oxi h6a cira nito trohg cdc chdt d6. Bni 81.'Th.5 ndo ld sy lai h6a? ltinh bdy 3 ki6u lai h6a ctd cluo. c hgc. M6 tA su hinh thdnh li6n k6t ho6 hoc, x6c dinh hinh d4ng c6c phdn tft sau theo thuy6t lai ho6 trong c6c trudng hgp sau: a) BeHz b) BF3 c) CH4 d) NH: - e-) HzQ D COA E) CzH+ it) CzHz Bni 82. 1. Li6n kdt kim loai lh gi? Hdy so s6nh gita: lin kdt ion, lin k6t cQng h6a trivd li6n irSt kim loai. 2. Hdy so siinh gita c6c dang tinh thi-l ion, tinh th nguyn tri, tinh th6 phdn tri, tinh th6 kim logi (kh6i niQm, bin ch6t lgc 1i6n ki5t, d{c tti{m) vd cho vi dg. Bni ffi. 1. Giai thich tai sao naptalen vi ibt tai dd thang hoa nhng kh0ng din di6n, trdi 14i NaCl l4i rdt kh6 thing hoa nhung lai ddn diOn khi n6ng chiy ? Z.Hdy nOu nhAn xdt chung vd trang thdi (& didu kin thucrng); nhiQt dQ n6ng chiy; nhiet dO s6i; dg d6n din ; khi ndng hba tan ffong nudc crta cdc hqp chdt ion. Bdi 84. Phdn biQt kh6i niQm s6 oxi h6a vd h6a tr!cfa nguydn t6 trong hqp chAt h6a hgc. Vi0t c6ng thric c6u tao circ ch6t sau, x6c dinh ho6 tri c6c nguydn t6 trong c6c hqp ch6t.

a) SO2, SO3, H2SO3, H2SOa. b) Nz, NO, NO2, NzOs, HNO3,

Bn@)

NFI4NO3.

Dua vio dO dm din, hdy nOu bin chdt liOn kdt trong c6c phAn trl vh ion sau: Nr, AgCl, HBr, NH3, H2O2,HCIO, KHS, HCO3-, MI4CI. Cho bidt dQ Arn din cira c6c nguyn td tucng ring rlhu sau: K=0,8; H=2,): C=2,5: S=2,5; Cl=3,0; O=3,5; N=3,0; Ag = 0,9; Cl =3,0; H= 2,1: O = 3,5; N = 3,0; Br = 2,8. B^i69. Dua vho clo dm di6n, hdy s6p xOp theo chidu tang c10 phAn cuc cira lin kdt gifa 2 nguyOn trl trong phAn tir c6c chdt sau: CaO, MgO, CH4, AlN, Nr, NaBr, BCl3, AlCl3. PhAn trt chdt nho c6 chr(a liOn kdt ion'?

linkdtc6ngh6atrikhdngcuc,c6cuc?(ChodOdmdinctraO=3,5;Cl-3,0;Br=2,8:Na=0,9; Mg i Ca= 1,0 ; C =2,5 ;H=2,1 ; Al = 1,5 ; N,= 3,.B - 2,0).

l6p
ri-go.ai

Bni\87 Hdy vii5t c6ng thric electron vd cdng thri'c c6u tao cria c6c phdn tri sau: (cho nh6n xdt s5 electron =1,2
cirng cria ciic nguyn tri trong phdn tu) a. H2, N2, 02, Cl". d. CH3OH, HCN, HCOOH. b. cHa, NH1, H2O , HF. e. CO, NO, NO2, SO3, HNO:. g. BeH2, BH3, PCl5, SF6. c"- COr, SO2, C2H4, C2H2. Bii6ft. Tir ho6 tri cira c6c nguyn td hdy vidt CTCT cia cic chdt sau: CaOClr, AI(OH)3, FeSOo, CaQ, Al4cr. Hrso4. H3Po4" H2sc)3. H3POj. Eii,89. Tfnh so oxi ho6 cua:. a) Clo trong c6c hop chet: HCl, HCIO, HClOz, HClOr, HClOa, KClOr, KCIO4. b) Luu huj,nh trong c6c hqp ch6t: H2S, SO2, SO:, HzSO:, H2SOa, NazSOr, Na2SO4, NazSzO:. c) Nito trong c6c ho'p chAt: N2O, NO, NOz, NzOs, HNOz, HNO3, NaNO:. !

d) Crom trong e)

c6c hgp ch6t: Cr2O3,CrO3, H2'CrO

a,H2Cr2O7,K2Cr2O7.

Mangan trong ciic hqp ch6t: MnO2, Mn2O7, HMnO+, KMnOa, H2MnOa. frr,Cacbon trong c6c hqp ch6t sau: CHa, CzHt, CzHz, HCHO, HCOOH, CH3COOH. 8..1{99 y0|lqp c.n6tm< t6ng sd hat le 143, trong d6 sd hat mang diQn nhiAu hon s6 hat kh6ng mang 9-o cli6n-ld 41. Sd kh6i crja M'* nhiu hon X'- lA 33. 56 hat mang <lin trong hat nh6n M nhi6u tron sO tr4i mang cli$n trong h4t nhdn X ld 14. a) X6c ctlnh c0ng thric phdn tri cria NO(? cqi ten? b) Vi6t c6u hinh e. cria nguyn tri M, X vd ion tpo ra tir N'1. X? Dg ctoiin tinh ch6t h6a hoc cria M vd X? Bni,gl. MOt hqp ch6t ion c6u tao ttr ion Iuf ye ion X2-. T0ng s5 cric hat (p, n, e) trong phAn tu M2X le I40hat, trong d6 s6 h4t kh6ng mang ilign nhidu hon sO hgt mang <ti6n ln 44 hat. SO kh6icaa ion I\,f ntricu hsn sO kh0i cria ion X2- h 23. T6ng sd ciic h3t (p, i-r, e) tioi-rg ioii i'f iriiiu iiun irung ion,Xt- ia 3 i hat. l. Vi6t c6u hinh electron cira c6c ion h,f vd X22. Xdc dinh vi tri cua M, X trong BTI{. Bni 9ly'Cation R* rO hinh electronl*,n*odi cirng ld 2p6. "6u a. Vii5t c6u hinh electron vd sr,r phdn b5 electron t ong obitun cria nguyn tu R b. Nguyn t6 R thudc chu ki ndo? Phdn nh6m ndo? Nguy6n to giiciai thich bin cnr6t tien k6t trong hqp ch6t cira R vdi clo. c. Tfnh ch6t hori hqc d4c trtmg c0a R ld gi? L|'y 2 vidu minh hoa. d. Anion X- c6 c6u hinh gi6ng R*. X ld nguyn t6 gi? Vict c6u hinh electron vd x6c dinh vi tri cria X trong BTH. \, hqp Bni ch6t tluoc hinh thanh tir ciic ion M* u1 x]-. Trong phdn tu MzXz t6ng s6 c6c hat proton, 1[/M0t noiron, electron lh,l64,.trong it6 sd h4t.mang di$n nhi0u hon s6 hpt kh6ng mang diQn ln 52 h4t. SO ttrOi cira M nhiu hon sO t<.trOi cria X ld 23 don vi. T6ng si5 h4t proton, notron, eiectron trong ion fut* nhiAu hon trong ion X3- le 7 hat. X6c clinh c6c nguydn tii M. X: vit c6u hinh electron nqrrvAn trr (it1ng chir vi dlng obitan) cia X, M. Bni94.Hai nguyn tft A, B c6 c6u hinh electron phdn lq.ngodi cirng ld 3s*; 3ps ' 1. Xiic efluh s0 <io,r vi riiQn iicir h4t nhdn cua-A, g biet pnan top :r cria hai nguy0n tu horrr kdm nhau 1 electron. 2. Clio bi6t s6 electron dQc thdn cta A, B. Gia thfch sU tao thdnh li6n ktit trong ph6n t'i AB. Bni 95. Kgqydn t5 Y le phi kim thu6c chu ki 3, c6 cdng thirc oxit cao nh6t n yO:. - Vir5t c6u hinh electron vd x6c dinh t6n nguyn tti Y. - Bi6t I t?o vdi kim loai M mgi trqp ctrit cO c6ng thr?c- NrD(2, trong d6 M chit5m 461,67 % theo kh6i lugng. V.itit cAu hinh electrcn cfia nguyn tir M, c6c ion M2*, M3* va iac dinh vi tri nguyn td M trong BTH, bift trong.h4t nhdn nguydn tri cta M s6 h4t Fh0ng mang dign nhiAu hc,n sd h4t mang-diQn ld 4 hat. Bni 96.TIqp chAt ktri vdi hidro cta mQt nguydn t6 c6 cdng thric RF{+. Oxit cao nh6t cria nO ct *a 72,730 oxi theo khOi luqng. - X6c dinh nguy6n td R. Vi6t c6u hinh electron nguy0n tri cria nguyn tri R.. - Vi6t cdng thric phdn tri, c6ng thric c6u t4o, c6ng thirc electron cfia hgp ch6t oxit cao nh6t ctia R. Li6n . trong phAn tri ndy dugc hinh thdnh nhu th6 ndo? ktit Bni 97./Oxit cao nh6t cria nguyn tO n cO cdng thirc RO3. Trong hgp ch6t cira n6 vdi hiclro nguyn td R chi6m g4,llo ve rurOi lugng. - Xric dinh nguydn t5 n. Vi6t c6u hinh electron nguyn tri cria nguyn t6 R. - Mq ta sir hinh thdnh lin kiit trong phdn tii hqp chat gifa R vdi hidro. Bni gS.vNguydn t6 M thu6c nhdm IA cria BTH. Nguyn tri ctia n6 c6 tdng sO tr4t p, n, e ld 34. - Xric ciinh M. - MO ta su hinh thinh lin k6t trong hqp ch6t oxit cria M.
p;: oou/rr;o Pst 2 /. a
r:

bang dung dich HCi <iu thu duoc 6,72 irr

lix (dktc). 1. Xri.c rlinh hai kini loai, bi6t chfng thu6c 2 chu ki li6n tidp nhau trong BTH. 2. Tftlh Vo khdi lugng m6i mudi trong h6n hqp ddu. 2.

^w4

tor.^: lltuvl -^* hA!q(r 1Q ,vtaA 54lrr rlvrr L.* llvP ll4l -,,Ai

-r ^^^l-^-^r vq4 ^i,^ 4 l,:* w4luurl4l Nllll r^^: ptldf l f-L:* lv4r +L,,a^ LII{jU\/ -La* lllullf

^Li-L Llllfill
i

-Lrllllulll

n lt

Bni

l00.UTr<1n 400 gam dung clich BaCl, 5,2 Vo

v$r L00 ml dr-rng dich H'SO4 2lTo (d=L,12 g!m!,\. Tinh khOi lugng ket tria thu dugc. Tinhc% c6c chdt trong dung dich sau phin ring.

ro-r,AN rI (11/2010) Bni 1. Xric dinh sri oxi h6a cfia c6c nguyOn t6 N, Cl, Mn, Cr,

sAr 6N TAp HoA

l6p

a.

S trong cdc hgp ch6t sau: NO, NOz, N2O, N2O5, N2, HNO3, HNOz, NH3, NHaNO3.

b.
e.

Cl-, HClOz, Cl2, CIO o, NaClO, KClOl, ClzOt, CaOClz.

c. Mn, MnO2, MnClz, KzMnO+, KMnO+. d. K2Cr2O7, Cr, Cr2O3, Crz(SO+):.

HzS, HS-, S, SOz, SOr, NazSOr,

rJ -Z SOl-, HSO; l'FeS, FeS2.

si5 c6c ph6n

trong Bni 2. Ha$_c6c c6c phdn ftng_ox,i lO-q-ttni l) iaO + COz -----) CaCO3' ,X /

rlng sau cl6y:

z) cuo + ci

-+ Bni 3. Hdy cho bi6t trong nhtng ph6n ring nio sau ddy HCI kh6ng ct6ng vai trd ch6t oxi h6a cfrng nhu
chAt khft?

3) +Fe(OH)z 02 2HzO ----) AI(OH)3 J + NaHCOs X 4) NaAlOz + COz + 2HzO 5) 2NH3 + HzSO+ ----+ (NH+)zSO+ -) X '/K 6) NaHSo+ + NaHCOT --+ NazSO+ + CO2t + H2o t'/ 7) 2FeClr + 2KI ------+ ZFeCl2 + 2KCl + h 8) 2FeClr + Fe 3FeClz

cu + coz ( j -"-+ + 4Fe(OH)3 v

BaClz + 2H2O x 1) 2HCl + Ba(OH)z -+ MnClz + Cl2t + 2HzO 2) MnOz + 4HCl ------+ 3) NaAlOz + HCI + H2O ----) AI(OH)3 J + NuCl 4) Zn + ZHCI ----+ ZnClz + H2t ZCuClz + ZHzO 5) ZCu + 4HCl + Qz --+ FeCl2 + H2t 6) Fe + 2HCl ---+ 7) Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl ------+ FeClr + 3HzO 8) NHr + HCI -----+ NH4CI

i/

{
V X

9)

3Cu + 2NaNOr + SHCI

l0)

) ----+ 3CuCl2+ 2NOt+ 2NaCl + 4HzO KzCrzOt + l4HCl dac --a-1 2KCl + ZCrCb+ 3Clzt +7HzO v

Bni 4. a) Hdy cho bitit trong nhtng phin rlng ndo sau ddy SOz tt6ng vai trd ch6t khfi'? * Cl2 -----a SOzClz

2) SO2 + Ca(OH)z ------+ CaSOr.L + ftzO re / itl 'a '/ 3) 30, + Br2 + ZHzO -----+ 2HBr + HzSO+ X +) l,9z + HzO + NHg ----_ *t{aHSOr ' v, 5) SOz + 2HNOr ---+ nrsoo + NO2t 2) SOz + Or ------t SO: + Oz 3) $,o, * zH2s ----a,3S + 2*zo 4) SOz+C +. S+COz ,i,
KMnO+ +

i) lPr

b) Hay cho bi6t trong nh0ng phin rlng ndo sau ddy SO2 cl6ng 1) SOz + H2O + Na2SO3 -----) 2NaHSOr I
'i

vai tro chAt oxi h6a?

5) 2KMnOa + 5SO2 +zWO ------+ 2MnSO+ + KzSOa+ZH2SOa ) Bni 5. Cdn bing phan fng oxi ho6 khf sau theo phuong ph6p thdng bdng electron

i.

;
.b

Hcld{c -----+ KCI + MnClz + Cl2 +H2O 2. FeS2 + 02 -J:-+ FezO: + SOz 3. KzCrzOt+ HCld[c -------+ KCI + CrCl3 + Cl2 + H2O 4. Al + HNO: J--+ Al(NOr)r + N2 + H2O

l.

5. Mg+HNO3 ------+ Mg(NOs)z +NH+NOr +H2O 6. FeO + HNOg ----+ Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O 7. FerO+ +HNOI ----+ Fe(NO3)3 + NO +H2O 8. FeCOr+HNOr --+ Fe(NO3)3 + NO +COz+H2O 9. Fe(NOr)z + HNOr (loang) --!--> Fe(NO:)r + NO + H2O 10. C + HzSO+ dic --a-+ CO2t + SOzt + HrO
Bni 6. Cdn bing ph6n rlng oxi ho6 khft c6 nhi6u nguyn tti thay ddi 1. FeS +HNO: ddc J--+ Fe(NOr)s +HzSO++NOz+H2O Z. FeS2 + HNO: dic --11-+ Fe(NO:)r + HzSO+ + NOz + H2O
sO

oxi ho5

3. Cu2S + HNO: dac --t1-; Cu(NOr)z + HzSO+ + NOz + H2O 4. FeS2 + HzSO+ #"rdry - ,? SO2 + Fez(SO+)i + HzO
5. 6.
AszS: +HNOrdpc+HzO
FeCuSz + HNOr dlc

--!-.)

IITAsO+ +NOz+H2O + HzSO+ + NOz + HzO

-!--+ Fe(NOr)r + Cu(NOr)z

Bni 7. Cdn bing phin fng oxi hoi khrl c6 sp tham gia cria mOi trudng NaAlOz + NH: 1. AI + NaNO3 + NaOH + H2O + NHr + HzO NazZnOz -> 2. Zn + NaNO3 + NaOH -+ ----+ Fe2(SO+): + KzSO+ + MnSO+ + HzO 3. FeSO+ + KMnO+ + HzSO+ 4. FeSO+ *KzCrzOt + HzSO+ -----+ Fez(SOc)r + KzSOa + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2o

Cu + NaNO3 + HCI ---> Cu(NO:)z+NaCl+NOz+HzO FeSO+ + Cl2 + HzSO+ ------+ Fez(SO+)r + HCI Bdi 8. Cdn bing ph6n ung tr,r oxi ho6 khrl vd oxi ho6 khft nQi phdn tt l. Clz + NaOH -----+ NaCIO + NaCl + H2O 2. Cl2 + NaOH ---> NaClOr + NaCl + H2O 3. KMnO+ ------+ KzMnOa + MnO2 + 02 4. KCIOr ------+ KCI + O,

5. 6.

Bni 9. CAn bing cdc phdn fng oxi hod khrl sau: Fez(SO+): + SO2t + H2O l. Fe*O, + HzSO+ cl{c
Fe(No3)3 +NOt +H2o 2. Fe*Or+HNor -> ---+ 3. Fe*O, + HNO: d4c ------+Fe(NOr)r + NO2t + H2O 4. FerOr+HNOr ----+ Fe(NO3)3 +N*Oyt +H2O 5. Fe*O, + CO -----+ Fe + COz

5. KCIO: ---+ KCI + KCIO+

Bni 10. Cdn bing c6c phin img oxi ho6 khrl sau:

+ NO + NzO+ H2O; bi6t VN,o:Vpe:1: I -)Mg(NOr)z Al(NOr): + NO + NzO + HzO; bi6t V*,o: VNo: I : 3 ?. Al + HNOr ----+
Mg+HNO3 Bni 11. 1) X6c dinh sO oxi h6a trung binh cta cacbon trong c6c hgp ch6t sau: CzHo, CzHq,
CzHeO, CoHrzOo, CnHzn*2.
CzHz,

l.

b. CHr-CHz-CH=CHz a. CHr-CHz-CHr d. CH3-CHz-CH=O e. CHr-COO-CHz-CHr; g. HCOOH Bei 12. C6n bdng c6c ph6n fng oxi hoii khrl sau: l. CzHz-r KMnO+ -----+ KOOC-COOK + MnOz + KOH + HzO 2' CoHs-CHr + KMnO+ -!--+ CcHs-COOK + KOH + MnOz + H2O

2)Xfucdlnh sd oxi h6a cfa tung nguyen

tf

cacbon trong c6c

ho.

p ch6t sau: c' CeHs-CH:

3. 4.

+ KMnO+ + HzO ----+ CH2(OH)-CH2(OH) + MnO2 + KOH CH3-CH(OH)-CHz(OH) + MnOz + KOH CHr-CH=CH2 + KMnO+ + HzO
C2Ha

---+

5.

C3Ha

KMnO+

HzSO+

----+ CH:COOH +

CO2

H2O

MnSO4

KzSOq

Bni 13. Hodn thdnh c6c phuong trinh phdn ri'ng sau: l. Cu + HNO: d6c --{--t 2. Cu + HNO3lodng

3. FeCl3 + H2S --11+ S J + 4. KMnOa + HzCzO+ + HzSOI ------+ CO2 + ... 5. Fe + H2SOa lo6ng ---) 6. Fe + HzSO+ddc -!--> SO2 + ... 7. Fe + HNO3 'o > NzO + ... 8. Al+HNO3 to > NH+NOg+ '.. 9. FeO + HNOr -----+ NzO +
10. FerOc + HNOg ------+ NO + ... 11. S + HNO3 dpc n6ng ------+ NO2
sau th6y t4o thanh S J, rOi thAy tho6t ra c6c phuong trinh phin rlng.

+
ct4c n6ng;

Bei 14. Cho lugng du nh0m t6c dpng vdi dung dich HzSO+

diu ti6n thhy gitti ph6ng ra khi

SO2,

khi HzS vd cu5i cing gini ph6ng kh( Hz. Hay vitit vd cAn bang

Bni 15. Hod tan Fe:O+ bdng dung dich HzSO+ lo6ng du thu dugc dung dlch A. Chia A ldm 7 phAn bing
nhau:

PhAn4, chot6cdpngvdi Cu. PhAn 5, cho t6c dpng vdi Al. PhAn 6, cho t6c dgng vdi HNOr dec. PhAn 7, cho t6c dgng v6i dung dlch KNO:. Vitit c6c phuong trinh phin r?ng xdy ra (n6u c6).

PhAn 1, cho t6c dpng v6i dung dich kali pemanganat. PhAn 2, chot6c dgng vdi dung dich nudc brom. Ph0n 3, cho t6c dgng vdi dung dich KzCO: du, c6 m4t khdng khi.

Bni 16. Hoi tan hoan todn FerO+ trong dung dich HzSO+ lodng du dugc dung dich A. Cho mQt luo. ng s6t vira dt vdo dung dich A. Khi phin fng k6t thric thu cluo. c dung dich B. - Cho dung dich B t6c dgng vdi dung dich KOH du tlugc dung dich D, k6t tira E. - Nung E trong khdng khf o nhiQt dQ cao tltin tchOi lu-o. ng kh6ng d6i duqc ch6t rin F. - Th6i mQt luOng CO qua 6ng srl nung n6ng chrla F cho il6n khi thu cfuo. c ch6t rin G vd khi X. - Suc khi X vdo dung dich Ba(OH)z thi thu du-o. c ki5t tfia Y vd dung dich C. - LQc ktit tria Y, dun n6ng dung dich C lai cho t<6t tUa y. Hdy x6c ctlnh c6c ch6t da cho trong A, B, C, D, E, F, G, X, Y. Vi6t c6c phuong trinh xdy ra.

bQt

17. Dt5t cacbon trong khdng ktrf d nhiQt dQ cao, duqc h6n hqp khi A. Cho A tdc dqng v6'i Fe2O3 nung n6ng tlugc khi B vi h6n h-o. p chht rLnC. Cho B t6c dUng vdi dung dich Ca(OH)2 duo-c k6t t0a K vd dung dlch D, dun s6i D lpi tlugc k6t ttia K. Cho C tan trong dung dich HCl, thu <lugc mQt khi vd dung dich E.

Bli

Cho E t6c dpng vdi dung dich NaOH du cluo. c h6n hqp k6t mQt oxit duy nh6t. Vi6t cdc phuong trinh phin ftng x6y ra.

tta hiclroxit F. Nung F trong khdng khi

du-o.

Bni 18. Ldy vidq minh hga axit c6 th6 d6ng vai trd ld chAt khrl, ch6t oxi h6a hopc chi ld mOi trudng trong c6c phin rlng oxi h6a-khr1. Bei 19. C6c ch6t vi ion sau d6ng vai trd gi trong c6c phin ring oxi h6a-khri?
Zn, S,Clz, FeO, SOz, CuO, Fe2*, Fe3*, Cl-, NH3, NOa-, SOr2-, H*, H2O.

Bni 20. Hda tan hodn todn m gam Al vdo dung dich HNOr r6t lodng thu duo. c h5n ho. p gdnr 0,01mol khi NzO vi 0,01 mol khi NO. Tinh m. Bni 21. Hda tan h6t 1,2 gam kim lopi M vdo dung dich HzSOa, ilflc, du thu duo.'c l,12lit khi SO2 duy nh6t o tlktc. X6c dlnh M.

Bni 22:Hda tan hodn todn 4,5 gam h5n hqp g6m Al, Mg bing dung dich HCI duthu ilugc 5,04 lit khi A (dktc). Tinh phan trdm khi5i lusns m6i kim lopi trong h6n hqp dA". fl li-$t {,Tiu,-, f,,i neiZSigOatanh6nhqpg6m 2,7 gamAlvdlg,}gamCutrongdungdl.nifNO, i;HL;Oritiru clu'o.c V lit NO (sin phAm khrl duy nh6t, dktc). Tinh V,

"

Bdi24. Hod tan hlt 12 gam mQt kim lo4i chua rO ho6 tri bing dung dich HNOr lodng thu dLro. c 2,24 lit o dktc mQt khi kh6ng mdu, kh6ng miri, kh6ng ch6y. X6c dinh tn kim lopi. Bni 25. Cho m gam Al t6c dpng vdi 150 ml dung dich HNOr a (M) vira d0 thu duo. c khf N2O duy nh6t vd dung dlch A. CO c4n dung dich A thu dugc (m+18,6) gam mui5i. Tinh a. Bii26. Hda tan 2,4 gamhSn ho. p Cu vd Fe c6 ti lQ mol 1:1 vdo dung dich HzSOa d{c n6ng. Ktit thric phAn rlng thu tlugc 0,05 mol sin phAm k'h& duy nh6t c6 chria S. X6c dlnh sin phdm d6. Bdi27. Cho 2,52gam h5n ho. p Mg vd Al t6c dgng h6t vdi dung dich HCI du thu clu'oc 2,688 lit khi (dktc). Cfing cho 2,52 gam hdn hqp kim lopi trn tdc dgng hiSt v6i dung dich HzSO+ tl4c n6ng thu drLo. c 0,672 lit khi X la s6n phAm duy nh6t hinh thanh do sg khrl 5*6. X6c dinh X. BAi 28. Cho 8,32 gam Cu vdo 3 lit dung dich HNO: vira dri dugc 4,9281it h6n hqp khi X g6m NO, NO2 (ttktc). Tfnh kh6i lugng I lft h6n hqp X (dktc), vi ndng d0 mol HNOg dd dirng . BAi 29. Cho 19,2 gam kim lopi M tan h6t trong dung dich HNO3 du thu dugc 4,48 lit khf NO (sdn phArn khrl duy nhdt, ctktc). X6c dinh M. Bni 30. Cho 1,92 gam Cu tan vira dt trong HNO: lodng thu cluo.c V lft NO (sin ph6m khir duy nhdt, dhc). Tinh the tich khi NO vd kh6i luo. ng HNOr dd phdn fng. Bni 31. Hod tan hodn todn m gam Al vdo dung dlch HNO: lo6ng du thu tluo;c hdn ho. p khi g6rn 0,015 rnol NzO vi 0,01 mol NO (ph6n fng kh6ng t4o mutii amoni). Tinh m. Bni 32. Hod tan hodn todn m gam Al vio dung dich HNOr lodng du thu dugc dung dich X vd l,l2 lit (dktc) h6n hgp khf gdm NzO, NO c6 ti kh6i so vdi oxi bing 1,2. Cho dung dich NaOH du vdo dung dich X dun nhg th6y c6 0,336 lit khi (dktc) thodt ra. Tinh m. Bni 33. Cho 11,88 gam kim loai M t6c dpng hiit vdi HNO: dun n6ng gi6i ph6ng 0,15 rnol h6n ho. p NuO vi Nz c6 d6yq:18,8 (phin fng khdng t4o muiSi amoni). Tim kim lopi M.
34. Cho 5,4 gam kim lo4i R tric dgng n6t vOi HzSO+ dpc n6ng thu cluo. c 1,68 lit HzS (sin phAm kht' duy nh6t, ilktc). X6c dinh kim lo{ R. Bni 35. Cho 12,125 gam suntua kim lopi M c6 hod tr! kh6ng d6i (MS) t6c dsng h6t vO'i dung dlch HzSO+ clflc n6ng du tho6t rall,2lft SOz (ilktc). Xdc dlnh M.

Bii

Bni 36. Cho 10,8 gam mQt kim lofl M t6c dqng hoin toan v6'i khi clo thu dugc 53,4 garn mu5i clorua, Xr{c tlinh kim lopi M. Bni 37. Cho 8,3 gam h6n hqp Al vd Fe t6c dpng tr6t vOi HzSO+ d4c du thu duo. c 6,72 lit khi SOz (san ptrAm ttr* duy nh6t, tlktc). Tinh ttroi luqng m6i tim loSi trong h6n ho. p dAu. Bni 38. Hod tan hodn toin m gam kim lopi M trong dung dich HNq du thu cluo.'c V lit NO duy nh6t. VFt kh6c, hod tan hoin todn m gam kim lo4i M trong dung dich HCI du cfing thu tluo. c V lit khi vd khdi lugng mui5i clorua thu dugc Aing SZ,+8N khdi luo. ng mu6i nitrat thu duo. c d trn. C6c khf do o' cing diAu kiqn, xric <l!nh kim lo4i M. Bdi 39. Hod tan 11,6 gam mui5i RCOr blng HNO: tlflc n6ng du thu duo. c m gam mutii vit 4,48lit hdn ho. p lihf NOz, COz (dktc). Tinh m. Bni 40. Hod tan 3,36 gam Mg trong dung dlch HNOr du sinh ra0,6272lit khi X (sdn phAm khrl duy nh6t, ilktc). X6c ttinh X. BAi 41. Cho 0,04 mol Mg tan htit trong dung dich HNOr du th6y tho6t ra 0,01 mol khi X la sdn phAm kh0' duy nh6t (itktc). X6c dinh X. Bii 42. Cho 3,9 gam h6n ho. p A gdm Al, Mgt6c dqng vdi dung dich HzSOq du gi6i ph6ng 4,48 lit khi H2 (dktc). M{t kh6c, hod tan 3,9 gqn A trong HNO: lodng du thu dugc l,l2lit khi X (s6n phAm khrJl dLry nh6t, clktc). Xdc rtinh X.

Bni 43. Khi cho 9,6 gamMg t6c dlrng HzO vd mQt sin phdm X. X6c dinh X.

htSt

vdi HzSOe d4c th6y c6 49 gam axit ph6n f'ng tao thdnh MgSO+,

44. Hod tan htit h5n ho.'p g6m 0,05 mol Fe vd 0,03 mol Ag vio dung dlch HNOr th6y tho6t ra V tit h6n hcyp khi A (dktc) gdm NO vd NOz c6 ti lQ mol tuong ring ld 2:3. Tinh gi6 tri cria V. Bi6t phAn il'ng khdng t?o ra mu6i amoni.

Bii

Bei 45. Hod tan hetZZ,OA+ gam h6n hqp Al, Zn trong HNO3 vira ttri thu <fugc dung dich A vd 3, 136lrt (dktc) h5n ho.p NO, NzO cO kn6i lugng 5,18 gam. Tinho/o kh6i luqng m6i kim loli trong h6n ho-p. Bitit phan rlng khOng tpo ra mu6i amoni. Bni 46. Hoi tan h}t35,q gam h5n ho.p Ag vi Cu trong dung dich HNOr lodng thu dugc 5,6 lit khi (san phAm khrl duy nh6t, dktc) kh6ng mdu ho6 ndu trong khdng khf. Tfnh kh6i lugng m6i tim loqi trong h5n
hqp.

Bi

12 gam h6n hqp Fe, Cu (c6 ti lQ mol l:1) bing dung dich HNO: du thu clu'gc dung dich X (kh6ng chria mu5i amoni) vd V lit h6n hqp khf Y (dktc) g6r NO, NO2 c6 dp6711r=19. Tinh V.
47. Hod tan hodn todn

Bni 48. Hod tan 16,4 gam h6n hqp Fe vd FeO trong lugng du HNOr chi tao sAn phAm khu' la 0,15 rnol NO. Tfnh sti mol FeO trong h6n hqp. BAi 49. Cho 6,51 gam h6n h-o.p X g6m FeSz vd MS (M c6 ho6 tri khOng eOi; cO ti l mol l:l t6c dung hodn toan vdi dung dich HNO: du th6y sinh ra 13,216 lft (dktc) h6n hq p khi NO2, NO c6 kh5i luo.'ng 26,34 gam.X6c ttinh tvt. Bitit phin rmg khOng tpo ra mu6i amoni. Bni 50. Cho a gam h6n hqp A gdm FeO, CuO, FegO+ c6 sti mol bing nhau t6c dqng trtit vOi luo. ng vila d0 h 250 ml dung dich HNOr n6ng ttQ b (moVl) clun nhg thu dugc dung dich B vd 3,136 lit h6n ho. p khi C (dktc) giim NO2, NO c6 ti kh6i so vdi hidro li 20,143. Gi6 tri cna a, b lAn luqt ld bao nhiu?

Bii

51. Hod tan h6t 1,84 gam h5n hqp Mg vd Fe trong dung dich HNO3 du th6y tho6t ra 0,04 rnol khi NO (san phAm kh6'duy nh6t, dktc). 56 mol Mg vi Fe ldn lu'gt ld bao nhi6u?

Bei 52. X ld h6n h-o. p gOm Fe, FeO, FerO+, FezOr theo ti lQ mol I:2:3:4. Hod tan n}t 16,8 garn X bing dung dich HNO3 du thu dugc 4,48 lit (dktc) h6n hqp khi Y g6m NO vd NOz. Tinh ti khtii cira Y so vdi oxi vi sti mol HNOr dd phin rlng. Bii5t ph6n fng kh6ng tpo ra mu5i amoni. Bni 53. Cho hdn h-o. p g6m FeO, CuO, Fe:O+ c6 s5 mol bing nhau tiic dqng h6t vO'i dung dich HNO3 th6y t4o ra 1,008 lft NO2 vd 0,112 lit NO (ld cric s6n phAm khft duy nhAt, clktc). Tinh s6 mol m6i chAt. Bii 54. Hoi tan hodn todn m gam Xementit (Fe3C) trong dung dich HNOr lodng du th6y sinh ra 35,84 tft (tlktc) hdn hgp 2 khi kh6ng mdu trong d6 c6 1 khf hod ndu trong khOng khi. X6c dlnh gi6 tri cria rn. Bni 55. Cho 18,4 gam h6n hqp bQt g6m Fe vd Cu vdo dung dich chrla 0,4 mol AgNO3, sau khi phin ri'ng hodn todn thu tluo. c 49,6 gamh6n hqp 2kim lopi. Tinh kh6i luo. ng cfia Cu trong h6n h-o. p ban ctAu. Bni 56. Hoi tan 9,4 gamd6ng @ch (hqp kim Cu-Ni, gid thi6t kh6ng cdn tpp cn6t mrac; trong dung dich HNO: lodng du tgo ra 0,09 mol NO vd 0,003 mol Nz. Tinh thanh phAn %kh6i lugng Cu trong hgp kim. Bni 57. Hod tan hodn todn 11 gam h6n ho. p gdm Fe vi mQt kim lopi M (ho6 tri kh6ng d6i) trong dung dich HCI du tp ra 0,4 mol Hz; cdn n6u hod tan trong HNO3 lo6ng du thi dugc 0,3 mol NO (s6n phArn khrlduy nh69. X6c dinh M. Bii 58. Hod tan hodn todn 4,431 garrn h5n hqp Al, Mg bdng 200 ml dung dich HNOr lodng, vila dri thu dugc dung dich A (khOng chfa NH+NOr) vd 1,568 lit (dktc) h6n ho. p 2 khf kh6ng miu, c6 kh6i luo.'ng td 2,59 gam, trong d6 c6 mQt khi ho6 ndu ngodi khOng khi. Tfnh phAn trdm khtii luo.'ng m6i kirn loai trong h6n ho. p, thh n6ng dQ mol cta dung dich HNO:. Bei 59. Hdn h-o.p A g6m Fe vA kim loai M (hori tri kh6ng OOi;. Ctro 15,2 gan A vdo dung dlch HCI du' thAy thorit ra2,24lft khi cdn n6u cho lu-o.ng A trn vdo dung dich HNO3 du th6y tho6t ra 4,48 lit khi kh6ng miu ho6 ndu trong khdng khf (sin pfrAm ttui duy nh6t). C6c phdn ri'ng xAy ra hodn todn, th6 tfch khf do d dktc. X6c tlinh M. BAi 60. Hod tan 6,96 gam FeOv trong dung dich HNOr du thdy sinh ra 0,224|it khf NO (sdn phAm kh*
duy nh6t, dktc). X6c ttinh Fe"Or.

Bni 61. Hda tan hodn todn 20,88 gam mQt oxit sit bing dung dlch HzSO+ ddc, n6ng thu duo-c dung dich Xvd3,248lit khf SOz (sdn phAm kAfi duy nhdt, dktc). C6 can dung dich X, thu clugc m gam rnu6i sunfat khan. Gi6 tr! cria m ld bao nhiu?

B i 62. Cho V lit h6n ho. p khi A (ttktc) g6m clo vd oxi ph6n ri'ng vira h6t v6'i h6n ho-p gdm 4,8 gam magie vi 8,1 gam nh6m t4o thdnh 37,4 gamh6n ho.p c6c sin phAm. Tfnh V.
Bei 63. Cho 15 gam h5n h-o.p X giim Mg, Al vdo dung dich Y gdm HNO3, H2SOa dac (du) thu duo-c 0,1 mol m6i khf SOz, NO, NOz, NzO. Tinh %kJlfi lugng Al trong X. Bni 64. H6n hqp A g6m 02 vd O: c6 ti kh6i so vdi hittro li 19,2. H5n h-o. p B g6m Hz vd CO c6 ti kh6i vdi hirlro le 3,6. Tinh th tich khf A (tfktc) cAn ding A6 O6t ch6y hoin todn 3 mol khi B.
so

BAi 65. Hod tan hodn todn 14,8 gam h5n hqp gdm Fe, Cu vio lu-o. ng du dung dlch h6n ho-p gdrn HNO3 vd HzSO+ t14c (dun n6ng), thu dugc 12,32lit h6n hqp NOz, SOz (dktc) c6 kh6i lugng 27,1 gam. Tinh kh6i lugng Fe, Cu trong hdn hqp.

Bni 66. Cho 2,673 gam h6n hgp Mg, Zn tdc dgng vira ctri v6i 500m1 dung dlch chfi'a AgNO: 0,02M vd Cu(NOr)z 0,1M. Tfnh thanh phAn % ktrOi luqng mdi kim lopi trong h6n hqp.
Bni 67. Hod tan hodn toan m gam h6n h-o. p A gdm Fe vd kim lo4i M (ho6 tri kh6ng cl6i) trong dung dich HCI du thu dugc 1,008 lit khi (tlktc) vir 4,575 gam h6n hqp 2 mu5i. MFt kh'ic, n6u hod tan h6t m garn A trong dung dich h5n hqp g6m HNOr, HzSO+ dic, n6ng, du thAy tho6t ra 0,084 mol h5n ho. p khf NO2, SO2 ( lA c6c sin phAm kht duy nhft) c6 ti kh6i so vdi hidro ld 25,25.Xdc dinh kim logi M. Bni 68. Dung dlch X chfa AgNO3 vd Cu(NOs)2 c6 cirng ndng dQ mol/I. Thdm m6t luo-ng h6n ho. p g6m 0,03 mol nhdm vi 0,05 mol sEt vdo l00ml dung dich X d6ng thoi khu6y ky. Khi ph6n f'ng kiSt thric thu dus. c ch6t rin Y gOm 3 kim lo4i. Cho Y vdo dung dich HCI du th6y giai ph6ng ra 0,A7 gam khi. X6c dinh n6ng itQ mol/l cfia Z mutii trong dung dich X.

Bni 69. Cho 8,3 gam h6n h-o.p X g'5m Al, Fe (ti l9 mol l:1) vdo l00ml dung dich Y g6m CuOtrO:)z vd AgNO3 tltin khi phin tmg hodn toin thu dugc chdtrilnA. Hod tan A vdo dung dich HCI du th6y co 1,12

lit khi (tlktc) tho6t ra vi cdn lpi 28 gam ch6t rfn kh6ng tan B. Tfnh n6ng
AgNO3 trong Y.

dQ

mol cria Cu(NOr)z vd

Bni 70. Cho 2,4 gam Mg vd 3,25 gam Zn t6c dpng vdi 500 ml dung dich A ch6'a Cu(NOs)z vd AgNO: di5n phin f'ng hodn todn thu dugc dung dich B vd26,34 gam hdn hqp C g6m 3 kim toai. Cho C vdo dung dich HCI du th6y tho6t ra 0,448 lft khi (dktc). Tinh n6ng dQ mol c6c chAt trong dung dich A. Bni 71. Cho I 1,2lith6n ho. p A g6m clo vd oxi phan rlng vira dri vdi 16,98 gam hdn ho. p B gdm Mg vd Al tpo ra 42,34 gam h5n hqp sdn phAm. Thinh phAn ktr6i lugng cta Mg, Altrong h6n hgp B.

6,72lit khi oxi, ch6t rEn thu duo. c sau phAn 0ng mang hod tan hi5t trong dung dich HCI thdy bay ra 6,72litkhi H2 (c6c khi do 6 dktc). T(nh kh6i luo. ng nhdm d5 dirng. Bni 73. Khi d6t 37,9 gam h6n hqp Al, Zn trong binh khf clo thu dugc 59,2 gam h6n ho. p ch6t rin. Cho h6n hqp ndy tan h6t trong dung dich HCI du thAy tho6t ra l1,2lft khi (dktc). Tfnh kh6i luo. ng m6i kirn lo4i Al, ZntronghSn hryp ban diu. 8 i74. OOt chay x mol sit Uing oxi thu dugc 5,04 gam h6n h-op A g6m c6c oxit cria sit. Hoa tan hodn todn A trong dung dich HNO: du sinh ra 0,035 mol h5n hqp Y g6m NO, NOz (ld c6c sin phAm khri'duy
BiLi 72. OOt chay mQt lugng nhOm trong

nh69 cO d6y1r:19. Tinh x.

Bni 75. Nung m gam bQt sit trong oxi thu dugc 3 gam h6n ho. p chAt ran X. Hod tan h6t X trong dung diclr HNO3 du th6y tho6t ra 0,56 lit khf NO (sin phAm khri duy nhAt, ctktc). Tinh gi6 tri cta m vd kh6i luo. ng
muiSi sinh ra.

Bni 76. Oxi ho6 5,6 gam s6t thu dugc 7,36 gam h6n hcyp A gdim Fe2O3, Fe:O+ vd mQt phAn Fe cdn du. Hod tan hoin todn A bing HNOr du th6y tho6t ra V lft h6n hqp khi B gdm NO, NOz (dktc) c6 d56711r= 19.
Tfnh V.

8 i77. D6 m gam bQt sit ngoii khOng khi, sau mQt thdi gian s chuy6n thdnh h6n ha'p B g6m 4 chat rfn
c6 kh5i lugng 12 gam. Cho h5n hqp B phdn rlng trtit vOi dung dich HNOr du thdy thoSt ra 2,24 lft NO (dktc). Tinh m vd kh6i lugng HNOg ttd phin ring.

Bei 78. D a gam bQt s6t ngodi kh6ng khi, sau mQt thdi gian sE chuytin thdnh h6n hgp A g6m 4 ch6t rin c6 kh6i lugng 75,2 gam. Cho h6n ho.p A phin rlng tr6t vOi dung dich HzSOa d{c nong du th6y tho6t ra 6,72lit SO2 (dktc) vd dung dich B. C6 cpn cAn thfln dung dich B dugc b gam muSi khan Tinh a, b. Bni 79. Nung m gam bQt Cu trong khf oxi thu dugc 24,8 gam hdn hqp ch6t rin X gdm Cu, CuO vd CuzO. Hod tan hoin todn X trong HzSO+ tl{c n6ng tho6t ra 4,A8lit khi SOz (dktc). Tinh m. Bni 80. Nung 55,68 gam h6n hqp gtim Fe:Oa vd FeCO: ngodi khdng khi cluoc 43,84 gam h6n ho-p 3 oxit sit va V lft khi COz (dktc). Hod tan hodn toan c6c oxit ndy trong dung dich HNO: du cluo. c 0,896 lit khi NO. Tinh V. Bni 81. Hod tan h6t m gam h6n h-o.p Fe, FeO, FerO+, Fe2O3 trong dung dich HNO: du thu duo;c 448 ml NO2 (dktc). CO c4n dung dlch sau phdn tlng clugc 14,52 gam. Tinh gi6 tri m.

Bili 82. TrQn 84 gam bQt Fe vdi 32 gambQt S r6i dun n6ng (khOng c6 khdng ktf). Hod tan chAt rin A sau khi nung bing dung dich HCI du du-o. c dung dlch B vd khi C. OOt chriy khi C cAn V lit oxi (dktc). C6c phin rlng xiry rahodn todn. Tfnh V. Bni 83. OtSt chay hodn todn 16,2 gam kim lo4i M (ho6 tri kh6ng d6i) trong binh kfn chfi'a 0,15 mol oxi. Ch6t rfn thu du-o. c cho tan trong dung dich HCI du th6y tho6t ra 13,44\it H2 (dktc). X6c clinli M. Bni 84. H5n hqp A gdm Al vd Fe. Ntiu hod tan trtit t t gam A trong dung dich HzSO+ lodng du thu dugc 8,96 lft khi (dktc) cdn khi hod tan hi5t 5,5 gam A trong H2SOa d4c n6ng du thi thu clugc V lft khi B (sAn
ptrAm tctrri duy nh6t, dktc). X6c dinh V.

Bni 85. Chia m gam h6n hgp 2 kim lopi A, B c6 ho6 tri khdng d6i, dri'ng tru6'c hidro thdnh 2 phAn bing nhau. PhAn I tan hrit trong dung dich HCI du t4o thinh 1,792lft H2 (dktc). PhAn 2 nung trong oxi du thLr du-o. c 2,84 gam h6n hq p oxit. Tinh gi6 tri cria m. Bni 86. Khrl m gam Fe2O3 bdng H2 thu clu-o.c 2,7 gam nudc vd hdn h-qp A g6m 4 chilt. Hod tan A trong dung dlch HNOr du tho6t ra V lft NO (sin phAm khtl duy nh6t, dktc). Tinh V Bni 87. Hod tan h6t 28,8 gam Cu vdo dung dich HNOr lodng, t6t ci khi NO (sAn phAm khri'duy nh6t) sinh ra dem oxi ho6 htit thann NOz r6i sgc vdo nudc c6 ddng oxi dO chuy6n h6t thann HNOr. Tfnh th6 tich oxi (ttktc) c16 tham gia vio c6c phin ri'ng trong qu6 trinh trn. Bni 88. TrQn 0,81 gam bQt nhOm vdi h6n hqp X g6m Fe2O3, CuO r6i thgc hign phAn f'ng nhiQt nh6rn. Hoi tan fr6t ctrAt rin Y sau phin rlng trong dung dich HNO: du thu duqc V lit (dktc) h6n ho. p khi NO, NOz theo ti lQ mol l:3. Tinh V. BAi 89. Cho khi CO qua ting sf chfa m gam Fe2O3 nung n6ng, sau mQt thdi gian thu duo. c 5,2 gam h6n hqp X g6m Fe vi 3 oxit cta sit. Hoi tan X bing dung dich HNOr d{c n6ng du th6y tho6t ra 0,05 mol khi NOz. X6c clinh m vd si5 mol HNOr tl6 tham gia phdn rlng. BAi 90. Cho kh( H2 di qua 6ng srl chrla m gam FezOr dun n6ng, sau m6t tho'i gian thu drLo. c 20,88 gam h6n hqp 4 chdtrin. Hod tan hiSt lugng ch6t r6n fi6n trong dung dlch HNOr du th6y tho6t ra 0,39 rnol NOz duy nhAt. Tinh khdi lucr. ng mui5i sinh ra, khtii lugng HNOr tl6 tham gia phin fng. Bni 91. Cho 2,3521it CO (dktc) di qua m gam h5n hgp A g6m FeO, FerO+, Fe2O3 c6 sd mol bing nhau nung n6ng thu ilugc h6n ho. p ch6t rin B. Cho B tan h6t trong dung dich HNOI du thdy tho6t ra 2,24 lit NO duy ntr6t lenc;. C4c phdn rlng xiy ra hodn todn. Tinh m. Bni 92. H6n hgp A g$m 2 kim loai (ddu c6 ho6 tri kh6ng d6i, drlng tru6'c hidro trong d6y ho4t clQng vd khdng t6c dgng vdi nudc o diAu kiQn thuong). Cho A phdn ring hodn todn v6'i dung dich CuSOa du, lAy lugng Cu thu dugc cho phan fng tr6t vCi dung dich HNO: du thi thu dugc l,l2lit NO duy nh6t (dktc;. N6u cho lugng A o trn phin rlng hodn todn vdi dung dich HNOr lodng thi thu tluqc V lit Nz (dktc).
Tfnh V.

Bei 93. Oxi ho6 mQt luqng Fe thdnh h6n h-o. p X gdm FeO, FerO+, Fe2O3 cAn dirng a mol oxi. pe nr0'hoan todn hdn hgp X ve Fe cin b mol nhdm. Ti lQ a:b bing bao nhi0u? Bni 94. Cho khf CO qua 6ng sf chfa a gam Fe2O3 nung n6ng, sau mQt thd'i gian thu duo. c 13,92 garn h6n hgp X g6m Fe, FeO, Fe:O+, FezO:. Hod tan frr5t X Uing dung dlch HNO3 ddc n6ng drt thu drroc 5,824 lft NO2 ld sin phAm khri duy ntr6t 1Ot<tc; vd b gam mut5i. Tfnh a, b.

--------

Bni 95. Cho 2,352Ift CO (dktc) di qua m gam h6n hqp A gdm FeO, Fe3Oa, Fe2O3 c6 s6 rnol bing nhau nung n6ng thu du-o. c h6n ho. p chdt riin B. Cho B tan h6t trong dung dich HNO3 du thAy rhoiir ra i,zq tft NO duy ntr6t lOttc;. C6c phin tlng xdy ra hodn toin. Tinh si5 mol HNO3 tl6 tham gia ph6n ri.ng. Bai 9q. TrQn 0,54 gam bQt nhOm vdi h6n hgp Fe2o3, Cuo r6i ti6n hanh ph6n fng nhiQt nh6m. Hod ran chAt rEn A sau phAn fng trong dung dich HNO3 du thu du-o. c 0,896 tit 1Ot<tc; tr6n trqp kh( B g6m NO, NOz. Tinh ti kh6i cria B so vdi heli. Bei 97. Thgc hiQn hai thi nghiQm. TNI: cho 3,84 gam Cu phdn ring vdi 80 ml dung dich HNO: I M tlroat ra Vr lit NO. TN2: cho 3,84 gam Cu phdn fng vdi 80 ml dung dlch chfa HNO: lM vd H2SOa 0,5 M thoit ra V2 lft No. Bi6t NO li sin phAm khf duy nh6t, c6c th6 tich khi ilo o cirng di6u kiQn. X6c dinh ti s6

Yt/Yz.

BAi 98. Hda tan 1,39 gammudi FeSOq.THzO trong dung dich HzSO+ lodng, du. Cho dung dich ndy t6c dgng vdi dung dich KMnO+ 0,lM. Tinh th6 tfch dung dich KMnOa (vira dri) tham gia phin f1ng.

Bni 99. Cho tan hoan todn 3,6 gam hdn hqp gdm Mg vd Fe trong dung dich HNO: 2M, thu duo-c dung dich D, 0,04 mol khi NO vd 0,01 mol N2O. Cho dung dich D tiic dung vdi dung dich NaOH l6y du, loc vd nung kiSt tua dtin kh6i luqng thu ilugc m gam chat rin.

Bei 100. Cho 12 gam h6n hgp hai kim lo4i Fe, Cu tdc dqng vira dfi vdi dung dich HNO3 63%. Sau phdn rlng thu dugc dung dich X vd ll,2lit khf NO2 (sin phAm khrl duy nh6t, dktc). Tfnh n6ng d,Q C% c6c chdt trong dung dich X.

Trulng THPT chuy6n

Khoa hgc Tg nhi6n

BAI KIEM TRA

iVTON

HOA LOP IO.LAN

Thdi gian ldm bei 45 phut (30/1012010)

Bni 1. Phat bi0u dinh lu4t tuAn hodn. So sSnh b6n kfnh nguy6n ttr, tinh kim loai, dQ dm ctiQn .i ^ t6: cila cdc nguyn Na (Z:11),K (Z:19), Al (Z:13),Mg (Z:12). Bni 2yHidro c6 ba d6ng vi ld lH, tH'nd 3H; clo c6 hai d6ng v! la 35C1, 37C1. Vitit c6ng thiic c6c
loai phdn tri hidroclorua kh6c nhau vd tinh ph6n tri kh6i cria chring.

Bni 3;DOng trong tu nhiOn c6 hai lopi d6ng

cua dong lit 63,54.

"1

vild flCuva llCu.

Nguy0n tftkh6i trung binh

1. Tinh ti l0 phAn trdm

s6 nguyn tu

cia m6i d6ng vi.

2.
t/

Tinh phAn trdm khdi lugng cria d6ng

vi llcu

co trong

cusoa. cho S:32, 0:16.

2 nguyn tri kim loai A, B Id 142. Trong d6 tdng s5 nat mang dign nhiAu hcrn t6ng sri hat khdng mang diQn ld 42. S6 h4t mang dign cria
sd h4t proton, ncttron vA electron trong
nguyOn tri B nhiAu hon cria Ald,12 hat. Vit5t cdu hinh electron nguyn tri cria A, B vd x6c dinh

Bii 4lTdng

vi tri cria A, B trong BTH. C5c nguyOn

td thu6c kh6i nao (s, p, d, f)?

tO

A, B ld kim lopi, phi kim hay khf hi6m vd ld nguyOn

,/ Bni S.'Dua viro d0 6m diQn, hdy s6p xtip theo chi6u tdng dAn dQ phdn cuc cta li6n kiit gitra 2 nguyn tri trong phdn tri c6c ch6t sau: K2o, Mgo, HCl, CH4, AlN, 02, caBr2, BCl3. phdn tir ndo co chua li6n k6t ion, lin k6t cQng h6a tri kh6ng ph6.n cuc, li6n k6t cdng h6a tri phdn cgc?

Cho

t6: K H C Br Cl O N Mg Al Ca dQ 6m diOn: 0,8 2,1, 2,5 2,8 3,0 3,5 3,0 1,2 1,5 1,0
nguyOn

B
2,0

Bni 6. Hqp ch6t khi v6i hidro cria mQt nguy6n t6 c6 c6ng thric RHa. Trong hqp ch6t oxit cao ntrAt R,chi 6m 27 ,27Yo theo kh6i lugng. 1. X6c dinh nguyn t5 n. Vit c6u hinh electron nguyOn tr? cria R. (bit trong hat nh6n nguy6n tri R c6 sO h4t notron bing s5 hat proton) 2. Vi6t cdng thric c6u t4o, c6ng thric electron cria hqp ch6t oxit cao nh6t cria R. Bni 7. Nguy0n tO X e chu ki 3, nh6m VIA cta BTH. Vii5t c6u hinh electron nguyOn tri c6c ^: td cung nhom vd thuQc hai chu ki k tiOp (tron vd dudi) v6i nguyOn t6 X. nguyn