Ly Thuyetbai Tap HKII Hoa 10CB

Tm tt LT+BT ha 10-HKII
PHN 1: KHI QUT

A-PHAN LOAI BAI TAP VO C
THEO CHUN KIN THC CA B GD&T, cc chng nghin cu
v nguyn t v cc hp cht c th, bi tp ch yu tp trung vo cc ni dung chnh: I-BI TP L THUYT

Dng 1: Vit PTHH (ghi r iu kin p nu c) nhm: Dng 1.a) Chng minh tnh cht (oxi ha, kh) Dng 1.b) Phn ng gia cc cht Dng 1.c) Hon thnh dy chuyn ha Dng 1.d) iu ch ha cht Dng 2: Phn bit, nhn bit, tch v tinh ch cc cht Dng 3: Gii thch hin tng ha hc II-BI TP TNH TON:
Loi 1. Bi ton vi 1 cht Loi 2. Bi ton vi hn hp cht Ty mi bi nhng cc cu hi thng gp c th l 1 hoc ng thi cc dng sau:
Dng 4: Xc nh tn nguyn t (thng l ng/t kim loi) Dng 5: Xc nh thnh phn (m, % m, % V) ca cc cht trong hn hp Dng 6: Tnh lng cht (m, V, C%, CM) phn ng hoc to thnh.
GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C
Trng: THPT Nguyen
Chng trnh chun
B-HNG DAN CHUNG

DNG 1: VIT PHNG TRNH HA HC
YU CU: nm vng tnh cht ha hc ca cc n cht (halogen, oxi, lu hunh) v cc hp cht ca chng. n cht: ch c p oxi ha-kh hp cht: xt cc phn ng lin quan n tnh cht axit, bazo, mui; ngoi ra cn xt cc p oxi ha- kh (c th c) Cch d on tnh cht oxi ha hay kh ca mt cht da vo s oxi ha: Xt mt cht (n cht/ hp cht) hay ion c cha nguyn t X: Nu X ang c s OXH cao nht ca n th cht/ion ch c tnh oxi ha Vd: H2SO4, HNO3, KMnO4 ch c tnh oxi ha (do cha S, N, Mn ang mc s oxi ha cao nht tng ng ca chng l +6, +5, +7) Nu X ang c s OXH thp nht ca n th cht/ion ch c tnh kh Vd: HCl, H2S, NH3 ch c tnh kh (do cha Cl, S, N ang mc oxi ha thp nht tng ng ca chng l -1, -2, -3) Nu X ang c s OXH trung gian (khng cao nht hay thp nht) ca n th cht/ion c c 2 tnh cht: oxi ha v kh Vd: n cht S c s OXH trung gian l 0 nn c c 2 tnh cht: +Tnh oxi ha khi gp cht kh: S0 + Fe0 Fe S
+4 2
0 0
+2 2
+Tnh kh khi gp cht oxi ha: S + O2 S O 2
Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...
DNG 2: PHN BIT, NHN BIT, TCH, TINH CH

YU CU: nm vng tnh cht ha hc ca cc cht, c bit l cc p mu v p to kt ta
1. Kh NHN BIT CHT KH Thuc th - Qu tm m - H2S, CO, Mg, SO2 - dd Br2, ddI2, dd KMnO4 - nc vi trong N2 NH3 NO NO2 CO2 - Que dim - Qu tm m - kh HCl Hin tng Ha Kt ta vng Mt mu Lm c Que dim tt NH3 + HCl NH4Cl 2NH + O2 2NO2 3NO2 + H2O 2HNO3 + NO CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O CO + PdCl2 + H2O Pd + 2HCl + CO2
t CO + CuO (en) Cu () + CO2 t0 H2 + CuO(en) Cu() + H2O
0
Phn ng SO2 + H2S 2S + 2H2O SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4 SO2 + I2 + 2H2O 2HI + H2SO4 SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O 2H2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 SO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO3 + H2O
Ha xanh To khi trng Khng mu - Oxi khng kh nu - Kh mu nu, mi hc, lm qu tm ha - nc vi trong Lm c - qu tm m - dd PdCl2 Ha , bt kh CO2 Mu en CuO (en) Cu () Bng chy Cu() CuO (en) Ha Kt ta trng Kt ta en
CO - CuO (t0) H2 - CuO (t0) - Que dim O2 - Cu (t0) - Qu tm m - AgCl - PbCl2
t Cu + O2 CuO
HCl H 2S
HCl + AgNO3
AgCl+ HNO3
Trng: THPT Nguyen
4
H 2O (Hi) 2. CuSO4 khan NHN BIT ION Ion OHCl
Chng trnh chun Trng ha xanh CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O
Thu c th Qu tm
Hin tng Ha xanh trng
Phn ng
BrIPO43S2 CO2 3
AgNO
3
vng nht vng m vng en trng
Cl + Ag+ AgCl (ha en ngoi nh sng) Br + Ag+ AgBr (ha en ngoi nh sng) I + Ag+ AgI (ha en ngoi nh sng) PO43-+ 3Ag+ Ag3PO4 S2 + 2Ag+ Ag2S
CO2 3 +
Ba2+
BaCO3 (tan trong BaSO3 (tan trong BaSO4 (khng tan PbS CO2 + H2O (khng SO2 + H2O (mi H2S (mi trng H2SiO3
2 + H2O CO3 + H2O SO2 3
SO2 3
BaCl2
trng trng
SO2 4
HCl) 2+ SO2 3 + Ba HCl) 2+ SO2 4 + Ba trong HCl) S2 + Pb2+

2 + 2H+ CO3
S2
CO2 3
Pb(N O3)2
en Si bt kh Si bt kh Si bt kh keo
mi)
+ 2H+ SO2 3
SO2 3
HCl
hc)
S2
SiO2 3
S2 + 2H+
thi)
2 + 2H+ SiO3
0
HCO 3
HSO 3
NO 3
un nng Vn Cu, H2SO4
Si bt kh Si bt kh Kh mu nu NH3
t CO2 + 2 HCO3
0
t 2 HSO3 SO2 +
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO+4H2O 2NO + O2 2NO2

NH3 + H2O NH+ 4 + OH
NH 4
CC HNG DN CHUNG KHI GII TON HA

I- TNH TON DA TRN S MOL CHT
Trong phn ln cc bi ton ha hc, vic tnh ton khng nn da trn th tch (V), khi lng (m) cc tc cht m nn chuyn tt c cc lng cht thnh mol (n). Da trn s mol ca cc tc cht (cht phn ng) hoc ca sn phm, chng ta tnh s mol cc cht khc v t suy ra khi lng, th tch, nng m n= (cht bt k) m = Mn M phng trnh n C= n =CV (dung dch) V phn ng
n= V (kh, ktc) 22,4
V = 22,4n P= SN PHM SN nRT V
n=
PV (kh, khc ktc) RT TC CHT
PHM
II- CC CNG THC CN NH

II.1. CNG THC LIN QUAN N DUNG DCH
nct (mol / l hay M ) Vdd (l ) mct .100(%) C% = mdd

CM =
Mi lin h gia C% v CM : C M =
mdd = VD V (ml) D (g/ml)
C%.10.D M
mdd = m H 2O + mct
Trng: THPT Nguyen
Chng trnh chun
Lu : tng nng % cc cht tan khng bng 100 v ngoi cht tan, dd cn c nc
II.2. CNG THC LIN QUAN N KH II.2.1. Hai kh cng nhit v p sut (cng T v P):
VA nA = VB n B
II.2.2. Hn hp nhiu kh: thng tnh ton da trn M hh : m M = n

hh
II.2.3. T khi kh T khi hi ca kh A i vi kh B: dA/B =
MA MB
Nu A, B l hn hp kh: dA/B =
MA ; MB
Nu B l khng kh: MB = M KK = 29 IIIBI TON C LNG CHT D SAU PHN NG

-Tnh ton theo pthh lun phi da theo cht p ht hoc da vo lng sn phm. -Khi bi khng ni r p va hay 1 cht no p hon ton m ch cho s liu lin quan n 2 cht tham gia p, ta cn xc nh c cht no p ht tnh ton theo cht . B1: Tnh s mol ca 2 cht tham gia p B2: Vit & cn bng ptp B3: * Nu t l mol 2 cht l 1:1 th nnh (cht ht) vo pthh * Nu t l mol khc 1:1 lp t l
nbd ca c 2 cht n pt
=> cht ht (s nh), cht d (s ln) & t ncht ht vo pthh

B4: t ncht ht vo pthh, tnh theo yu cu ca BT minh ha: t 6,75g Al trong 6,72 l kh clo(ktc) Sn phm bao gm nhng cht no? C khi lng bng bao nhiu? HD: n Al = 0,25mol ; nCl2 = 0,3mol 2Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3 Lp t l:
nCl2bd 0,3 nAlbd 0,25 = = 0,125 > = = 0,1 nAlpu 2 nCl2 pu 3 Cl2 ht, Al d sp gm: AlCl3 &Al d nAlp = 0,2mol nAld = 0,05 mol mAld = 1,35g n AlCl3 = 0,2mol m AlCl3 = 26,7 g IV- BI TON VI HN HP CHT B1: Chuyn cc s liu cho sang s mol (nu c th) B2: t n x, y ln lt l s mol mi cht trong hh B3: Vit pthh B4: Th s mol t (x, y) vo pthh B5: Da vo d liu , lp h pt i s v gii => gi tr x, y B6: T gi tr ca x, y tnh theo yu cu bi ton
BT minh ha: Ha tan 7,8g hh Al & Mg bng 200ml dd HCl 4M va thu c V lt kh (ktc). Tnh %mAl, %mMg & V? HD: n HCl = 0,8mol t x l n Al m Al = 27 x y l n Mg m Mg = 24 y 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 x 3x 3/2x Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 y 2y y 27x +24y = 7,8 x = 0,2 mol 3x + 2y = 0,8 y = 0,1 mol mAl = 5,4g %mAl = 69,2% mMg= 2,4g %mMg = 30,8%
nH 2 =
3 x + y = 0,4mol V H 2 = 8,96l 2
Trng: THPT Nguyen
Chng trnh chun
PHN 2: CHUYN
Chuyn 1: NHM HALOGEN
Bi 29: KHI QUT V NHM HALOGEN TOM TT LY THUYT
Nhm VIIA trong bng tun hon gm 5 nguyn t: Flo, Clo, Brm, It, Atatin. Trong , Atatin l nguyn t phng x. Cc nguyn t cn li ca nhm VIIA gi l cc Halogen. K hiu ha hc: F, Cl, Br, I Cng thc phn t: (X2) : F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 m in gim dn: F > Cl > Br > I Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng: ns2np5 =>Nguyn t cc Halogen u c 7e lp ngoi cng nn d dng thu thm 1e t cu hnh bn ca kh tr gn n X + 1e X Trong cc hp cht, cc Halogen c s oxi ha -1. Tr Flo, cc Halogen cn li cn c s oxi ha +1, +3, + 5, +7 Tnh cht ha hc c bn ca cc Halogen l tnh oxi ha mnh.
BAI TP BAI TAP T LUN

I-BI TP L THUYT 1) Xc nh s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t halogen trong cc hp cht sau v
rt ra nhn xt v s oxi ha ca chng trong cc hp cht . a) F2 , HF , NaF , BaF2. b) Cl2, HCl, NaCl, NaClO, NaClO2, NaClO3, NaClO4. c) Br2, HBr, NaBr, HBrO, HBrO2, HBrO3, HBrO4. d) I2, HI, NaI, HIO, HIO2, HIO3, HIO4. 2) Hy vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion F , Cl, Br v I . Cho bit cu hnh electron ca mi ion trng vi cu hnh electron ca nguyn t no. T rt ra nhn xt g?
II-
BI TON
BI TON VI 1 CHT 3) Cho mt lng n cht Halogen tc dng ht vi Magie thu c 19g magie halogenua. Cng lng n cht tc dng ht vi Nhm, to ra 17,8g nhm halogenua. Xc nh tn v khi lng n cht Halogen ni trn. p s : Clo; 14,2g
4) Cho mt lng halogen tc dng vi mt lng va kim loi M c ha tr I, ngi ta c 4,12g hp cht A. Cng lng halogen tc dng ht vi nhm to ra 3,56g hp cht B. Cn nu cho lng kim loi M ni trn tc dng ht vi lu hunh th thu c 1,56g hp cht C. Hy xc nh tn cc nguyn t X v M, t vit cng thc cc cht A, B v C. p s: X l brom; M l natri; A l NaBr; B l AlBr3; C l Na2S.
BAI TAP TRC NGHIM

5.1. Nhng nguyn t nhm no c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l ns2np5?
A. Nhm cacbon B. Nhm Nit C. Nhm Oxi D. Nhm Halogen 5.2. Cc nguyn t Halogen u c: A. 3e lp ngoi cng B. 5e lp ngoi cng C. 7e lp ngoi cng D. 8e lp ngoi cng 5.3. Cc nguyn t trong nhm VIIA sau y, nguyn t no khng c ng v trong t nhin: A. Clo B. Brom C. Iot D. Atatin 5.4. Trong cc phn ng ha hc, chuyn thnh anion, nguyn t ca cc nguyn t Halogen nhn hay nhng bao nhiu e? A. Nhn thm 1e B. Nhn thm 2e C. Nhng i 1e D. Nhng i 7e 5.5. Kim loi no sau y tc dng vi dd HCl long v tc dng vi kh Clo cho cng loi mui Clorua kim loi? A. Fe B. Zn C. Cu D. Ag 5.6. c im no i y khng phi l c im chung ca cc nguyn t nhm Halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) A. Nguyn t ch c kh nng thu thm 1 e B. To ra hp cht lin kt cng ha tr c cc vi Hidro C. C s oxi ha 1 trong mi hp cht D. Lp e ngoi cng ca nguyn t c 7e. 5.7. c im no di y l c im chung ca cc n cht Halogen (F 2, Cl2, Br2, I2) A. iu kin thng l cht kh B. Va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh C. C tnh oxi ha mnh D. Tc dng mnh vi nc 5.8 Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nhm Halogen l : A. ns2np1 B. ns2np5 C. ns1 D. ns2np6nd1. 5.9 Tm cu sai : A. Tnh cht hahc c bn ca cc halogen l tnh oxi ha.
Trng: THPT Nguyen
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Chng trnh chun
B. Khuynh hng ha hc chung ca cc halogen l nhn thm 1e vo lp ngoi cng. C. Thnh phn v tnh cht cc hp cht ca cc halogen l tng t nhau. D. Hp cht c oxi ca halogen ch c mt cng thc HXO ( X l halogen). 5.10 S lin kt cng ha tr ti a c th to ra bi nguyn t c cu hnh electron ngoi cng l 3s2 3p5 l : A. 5 B.3. C. 2. D. 7. 5.11 Trong cc halogen, clo l nguyn t : A. c m in ln nht . B. c tnh phi kim mnh nht . C. tn ti trong v tri t ( dng hp cht) vi tr lng ln nht. D. c s oxi ha 1 trong mi hp cht.
--------------------------------- ----------------------------------Bi 30: CLO
TOM TT LY THUYT
I/ Tnh cht vt l: Clo l cht kh mu vng lc, mi xc, nng hn khng kh, c. Kh Clo tan t trong nc. Dung dch Clo trong nc gi l nc Clo. II/ Tnh cht ha hc: Clo c 7e lp ngoi cng d nhn thm 1e t c cu bn ca kh tr gn n: Cl + 1e Cl 1/ Tc dng vi kim loi Mui clorua 2M + nCl2 2MCln t (n l ha tr cao nht ca kim loi M) Zn + Cl2 ZnCl2 t t 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 2/ Tc dng vi Hidro: as H2 + Cl2 2HCl 3/ Tc dng vi nc v dung dch kim: a/ Tc dng vi nc:
0 0
0
Cl2 + H2O
as
HCl + HClO
Nc Clo HCl + [O]
(1)
HClO (2) 2[O] O2 (3) Nc Clo (1) c tnh ty mu v st trng l do axit Hipoclor HClO km bn, d phn hy thnh oxi nguyn t, c tnh oxi ha mnh (2), nhng lu th mt kh nng trn. Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...
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NaCl + NaClO + H2O
b/ Tc dng vi kim: Cl2 + 2NaOH
Nc javen 4/ Tc dng vi mui ca cc Halogen khc: Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2 Cl2 + 2NaI 2NaCl + I2 = > Tnh oxi ha ca Clo mnh hn so vi brm, Iot. 5/ Tc dng vi nhiu hp cht c tnh kh: Cl2 + 2H2O + SO2 2HCl + H2SO4 Cl2 + 2FeCl2 2FeCl3 III/ ng dng: St trng, ty trng, SX ha cht v c v hu c IV/ iu ch: 1/ Trong phng th nghim: MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 2KCl + 8H2O KClO3 + 6HCl KCl + 3H2O + 3Cl2 2/ Trong cng nghip: dpdd 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2 cmn 2NaCl
dpnc
Na + Cl2

I-BI TP L THUYT
1) 2) Dng 1: Vit PTHH (ghi r iu kin p nu c) Dng 1.a) Chng minh tnh cht (oxi ha, kh) T cau tao cua nguyen t clo, hay neu tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng va viet cac phan ng minh hoa. Viet 3 phng trnh phan ng chng to clo co tnh oxi hoa, 2 phng trnh phan ng chng to clo co tnh kh. Dng 1.b) Phn ng gia cc cht Clo co the tac dung vi chat nao sau ay? Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra: Al (to) ; Fe (to) ; H2O ; KOH ; KBr; Au (tO) ; NaI ; dung dch SO2 Can bang cac phan ng oxi hoa kh sau: a) KMnO4 + HCl KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O b) KClO3 + HCl KCl + Cl2 + H2O Trng: THPT Nguyen
3) 4)
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c) d) e) f) g)
Chng trnh chun
KOH + Cl2 KCl + KClO3 + H2O Cl2 + SO2 + H2O HCl + H2SO4 Fe3O4 + HCl FeCl2 + FeCl3 + H2O CrO3 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + H2O Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + Ca(OCl)2 + H2O Dng 1.c) Hon thnh dy chuyn ha 5) Hoan thanh chuoi phan ng sau: a)MnO2 Cl2 HCl Cl2 CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 Clorua voi b) KMnO4 Cl2 KCl Cl2 axit hipoclor NaClO NaCl Cl2 FeCl3 HClO HCl NaCl c) Cl2 Br2 I2 HCl FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 Dng 1.d) iu ch ha cht 6) a) T MnO2, HCl ac, Fe hay viet cac phng trnh phan ng ieu che Cl2, FeCl2 va FeCl3. b) T muoi an, nc va cac thiet b can thiet, hay viet cac phng trnh phan ng ieu che Cl 2 , HCl va nc Javel . Dng 3: Gii thch hin tng ha hc 7) V sao clo am co tnh tay trang con clo kho th khong?
II-
BI TON
BI TON VI 1 CHT 8) ot nhom trong bnh ng kh clo th thu c 26,7 (g) muoi. Tm khoi lng clo va nhom a tham gia phan ng? S: 21,3 (g) ; 5,4 (g) 9) Tnh the tch clo thu c (kc) khi cho 15,8 (g) kali pemanganat (KMnO4) tac dung axit clohiric am ac. S: 5,6 (l) 10) Cn bao nhiu gam KMnO4 v bao nhiu ml dd HCl 1M iu ch kh Clo tc dng vi Fe, to nn 16,25g FeCl3 11) Cho 69,6g Mangan dioxit tc dng ht vi dd axit clohidric c. ton b lng Clo sinh ra hp th ht vo 500ml dd NaOH 4M. Xc nh C M ca cc cht trong dd thu c sau phn ng. Coi Vdd khng thay i. 12) Tnh khi lng Cu v V kh Clo (ktc) tham gia phn ng nu c 27g CuCl2 to thnh. 13) Tnh V kh Clo thu c ktc khi: Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...
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a/ Cho 7,3g HCl tc dng vi MnO2 b/ Cho 7,3g HCl tc dng vi KMnO4 14) Cho 0,6 lt kh Clo phn ng vi 0,4 lt kh hidro. a/ Tnh V kh HCl thu c (cc th tch o cng iu kin to, p sut) b/ Tnh thnh phn % v th tch ca cc kh c trong hh sau phn ng 15) ieu che mot dung dch axit clohiric bang cach hoa tan 2 (mol) hiro clorua vao nc. un axit thu c vi mangan ioxit co d. Hoi kh clo thu c sau phan ng co u tac dung vi 28 (g) sat hay khong? S: Khong 16) Cho 3,9 (g) kali tac dung hoan toan vi clo. San pham thu c hoa tan vao nc thanh 250 (g) dung dch. a) Tnh the tch clo a phan ng (kc). b) Tnh nong o phan tram dung dch thu c. S: a) 1,12 (l) ; b) 2,98% 17) Cho 10,44 (g) MnO2 tac dung axit HCl ac. Kh sinh ra (kc) cho tac dung va u vi dung dch NaOH 2 (M). a) Tnh the tch kh sinh ra (kc). b) Tnh the tch dung dch NaOH a phan ng va nong o (mol/l) cac chat trong dung dch thu c. S: a) 2,688 (l) ; b) 0,12 (l) ; 1 (M) ; 1 (M) 18) Gay no hon hp ba kh A, B, C trong bnh kn. Kh A ieu che bang cach cho axit HCl d tac dung 21,45 (g) Zn. Kh B thu c khi phan huy 25,5 (g) natri to nitrat (2NaNO3 NaNO2 + O2). Kh C thu c do axit HCl d tac dung 2,61 (g) mangan ioxit. Tnh nong o phan tram cua chat trong dung dch thu c sau khi gay no. S: 28,85%
BAI TAP TRC NGHIM

Cu 1) Trong phng th nghim, kh Clo c iu ch bng cch oxi ha hp cht no sau y? A. NaCl B. HCl C. KClO3 D. KMnO4 Cu 2) Trong cc phn ng ha hc, chuyn thnh anion, nguyn t Clo nhn hay nhng bao nhiu e? A. Nhn thm 1e B. Nhn thm 1proton C. Nhng i 1e D. Nhng i 1 notron GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
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Chng trnh chun
Cu 3) Trong phn ng: Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO Pht biu no sau y ng? A. Clo ch ng vai tr cht oxi ha B. Clo ch ng vai tr cht kh C. Clo va ng vai tr cht oxi ha, va ng vai tr cht kh D. Nc ch ng vai tr cht kh Cu 4) Si dy ng nng chy sang trong bnh cha kh A. A l kh no sau y? A. Cacbon (II) oxit B. Clo C. Hidro D. Nit Cu 5) Clo khng cho phn ng vi dd cht no sau y: A. NaOH B. NaCl C. Ca(OH)2 D. NaBr Cu 6) Cng thc ha hc ca khong cht xinvinit l: A. 3NaF.AlF3 B. NaCl. KCl C. NaCl. MgCl2 D. KCl.MgCl2 Cu 7) Cng thc ha hc ca khong cht cacnalit l: A. KCl. MgCl2. 6H2O B. NaCl. MgCl2. 6H2O C. KCl. CaCl2. 6H2O D. NaCl. CaCl2. 6H2O Cu 8) PTHH no sau y biu din ng phn ng ca dy st nng chy trong kh Clo: A. Fe + Cl2 FeCl2 B. 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 C. 3Fe + 4Cl2 FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 D. St khng kh c clo. Cu 9) Kim loi no sau y , khi tc dng vi clo v axit HCl u to ra cng mt loi hp cht : A. Fe. B. Cu. C. Mg. D. Ag. Cu 10) Chn phng trnh phn ng ng : A. Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2. B. Fe + 3HCl FeCl3 + 3/2 H2 . C. 3Fe + 8HCl FeCl2 + FeCl3 + 4H2 . D. Cu + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2 . Cu 11) Cho cc cht : KCl, CaCl2, H2O, MnO2, H2SO4, HCl. to thnh kh clo th phi trn ( Chn cu ng) A. KCl vi H2O v H2SO4 c. B. CaCl2 vi H2O v H2SO4 c. C. KCl hoc CaCl2 vi MnO2 v H2SO4 c. D. CaCl2 vi MnO2 v H2O. Cu 12) iu ch kh clo trong phng th nghim bng cch cho dung dch X tc dng vi cht oxi ha Y nhit phng th nghim. X v Y l nhng cht no sau y : A. NaCl v H2S. B. HNO3 v MnO2. Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...
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C. HCl v MnO2 D. HCl v KMnO4. Cu 13) Cu no din t ng bn cht ca phn ng iu ch clo bng phng php in phn dung dch natriclorua? A. cc dng xy ra s kh ion Cl thnh kh Cl2, cc m xy ra s oxi ha cc phn t H2O sinh ra kh H2. B. cc m xy ra s oxi ha ion Cl thnh kh Cl2, cc dng xy ra s oxi ha cc phn t H2O sinh ra kh H2. C. cc m xy ra s kh ion Cl thnh kh Cl2, cc dng xy ra s kh cc phn t H2O sinh ra kh H2. D. cc dng xy ra s oxi ha ion Cl thnh kh Cl2, cc m xy ra s kh cc phn t H2O sinh ra kh H2. Cu 14) C 3 l mt nhn cha 3 cht ring bit HCl, NaCl, HNO3. Chn ha cht cn dng v th t thc hin nhn bit cc cht . A. Dng AgNO3 trc v giy qu sau. B. Ch dng AgNO3. C. Dng giy qu trc, AgNO3 sau. D. A v C ng. Cu 15) Dn kh clo i vo dung dch FeCl2, nhn thy dung dch t mu lc nht chuyn sang mu nu. Phn ng ny thuc loi : A. Phn ng th B. Phn ng phn hy. C. Phn ng trung ha. D. Phn ng oxi ha kh. Cu 16) Khi ha ta clo vo nc ta thu c nc clo c mu vng nht . Khi mt phn clo tc dng vi nc. Vy nc clo c cha nhng cht g ? A. HCl, HClO B. Cl2, HCl, HClO. C. H2O, Cl2, HCl, HClO. D. Cl2, HCl, H2O. Cu 17) Trong cc nguyn t di y , nguyn t ca nguyn t no c xu hng kt hp vi electron mnh nht.? A. Photpho. B. Cacbon. C. Clo. D. Bo. Cu 18) nhn bit cc dung dch sau y cha trong cc l mt nhn : NaCl, NaNO3, BaCl2, Ba(NO3)2 . Ngi ta dng thuc th no sau y ? A. Na2SO4 v NaOH. B. AgNO3 v Na2SO4 C. H2SO4 v Na2CO3 D. Na2CO3 v HNO3 Cu 19) Cho phn ng : 2FeCl2 (dd) + Cl2 (k) 2FeCl3 (dd) Trong phn ng ny xy ra : A. Ion Fe2+ b kh v nguyn t Cl b oxi ha. B. Ion Fe3+ b kh v ion Cl b oxi ha. C. Ion Fe2+ b oxi ha v nguyn t Cl b kh. D. Ion Fe3+ b oxi ha v ion Cl . Cu 20) Phn ng no sau y khng iu ch c kh clo? A. Dng MnO2 oxi ha HCl. B. Dng KMnO4 oxi ha HCl. GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
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C. Dng K2SO4 oxi ha HCl . D. Dng K2Cr2O7 oxi ha HCl. Cu 21) Mt trong nhng phn ng no sau y sinh ra kh hidroclorua? A. Dn kh clo vo nc. B. t kh hidro trong kh clo. C. in phn dung dch natri clorua trong nc. D. Cho dung dchbc nitrat tc dng vi dung dch natri clorua. Cu 22) Bao nhiu gam Clo tc dng vi kim loi Nhm to thnh 26,7g AlCl3 A. 23,1g B. 21,3g C. 12,3g D. 13,2g Cu 23) Khi clo ha 30g hh bt ng v st cn 14 lt kh Cl2 (ktc). Thnh phn % khi lng ca Cu trong hh ban u? A. 46,6% B. 53,3% C. 55,6% D. 44,5% Cu 24) Thu c bao nhiu mol Cl2 khi cho 0,2 mol KClO3 tc dng vi dd HCl c d? A. 0,3mol B. 0,4 mol C. 0,5mol D. 0,6mol Cu 25) Khi cho 15,8 gam kali pemanganat tc dng vi axit clohidric m c th th tch clo thu c ktc l: A. 5,0 lt B. 5,6 lt C. 11,2 lt D. 8,4 lt. Cu 26) Cho mt lng halogen X2 tc dng ht vi Mg ta thu c 19g magie halogennua. Cng lng halogen tc dng ht vi nhm to ra 17,8g nhm halogenua. Tn v khi lng ca halogen trn l: A. Clo ; 7,1g B. Clo ; 14,2g. C. Brom ; 7,1g D. Brom ; 14,2g. Cu 27) Cho 6g brom c ln tp cht l clo vo mt dung dch c cha 1,6g kali bromua v lc u th ton b clo d phn ng ht . Sau lm bay hi hn hp sau thi nghim v sy kh cht rn thu c. Khi lng cht rn sau khi sy l 1,333g. Hm lng phn trm ca clo trong loi brom ni trn l : A. 3,55% B. 5,35% C. 3,19% D. 3,91% Cu 28) C 185,40g dung dch HCl 10,00%. Cn ha tan thm vo dung dch bao nhiu lt kh HCl (ktc) thu c dung dch axit clohidric 16,57%. A. 8,96(l) B. 4,48(l) C. 2,24(l) D. 1,12(l) Cu 29) Clo c dng vi Fe theo phn ng sau : 2Fe (r) + 3Cl2 (k) 2FeCl3 (r). Tnh khi lng FeCl3 c th iu ch c nu c 0,012 molFe v 0,020 mol Cl2 tham gia .Bit khi lng mol FeCl3 l 162,5 gam. A. 2,17 gam. B. 1,95 gam. C. 3,90 gam. D. 4,34 gam Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...
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Trng: THPT Nguyen
18 Bi 31: HIRO
Chng trnh chun
CLORUA AXIT CLOHIDRIC V MUI CLORUA
TOM TT LY THUYT
I. HIRO CLORUA -AXIT CLOHIDRIC (HCl)
1/ Tnh cht vt l: Hiro Clorua l cht kh khng mu, mi xc rt c, nng hn khng kh, tan nhiu trong nc to thnh dd axit clohidric. 2/ Tnh cht ha hc: a/ Tnh axit: Dung dch axit HCl c y tnh cht ho hc ca mt axit mnh (Lm qu tm ha , tc dng vi kim loi hot ng, baz, oxit baz, mui) TC DNG CHT CH TH dung dch HCl lm qu tm ho (nhn bit axit) HCl H+ + ClTC DNG KIM LOI (ng trc H trong dy Bktp) to mui (vi ha tr thp ca kim loi) v gii phng kh hidr Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 2 Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 Cu + HCl khng c phn ng TC DNG OXIT BAZ , BAZ to mui v nc NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O Fe2O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O TC DNG MUI (theo iu kin phn ng trao i) CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3 (dng nhn bit gc clorua ) b/ Tnh kh: Do trong phn t HCl, Clo c s oxi ha 1, l s oxi ha thp nht, nn ngoi tnh cht c trng l axit , dung dch axit HCl c cn th hin vai tr cht kh khi tc dng cht oxi ho mnh nh KMnO 4 , MnO2 4HCl- + MnO2 t MnCl2 + Cl 0 + 2H2O 2
0
2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 5Cl2 + 2MnCl2 + 8H2O 3/ iu ch: a/ Trong phng th nghim: 400o C NaCl (R) + H2SO4 c Na2SO4 + 2HCl b/ Trong cng nghip: Tng hp t H2 v Cl2 H2 + Cl2 2HCl
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II. MUI CLORUA cha ion m clorua (Cl ) v cc ion dng kim loi, NH + ZnCl2 CuCl2 AlCl3 4 nh NaCl NaCl dng n, sn xut Cl2, NaOH, axit HCl KCl phn kali ZnCl2 ty g khi hn, chng mc g BaCl2 cht c CaCl2 cht chng m AlCl3 cht xc tc III. NHN BIT ION HALOGENUA (X-): dng Ag+ (dd AgNO3) Ag+ + Cl- AgCl (trng) AS (2AgCl 2Ag + Cl2 ) Ag+ + Br- AgBr (vng nht) Ag+ + I- AgI (vng m) I2 + h tinh bt xanh lam VD: Nhn bit ion Cl- (axit Clohidric v mui Clorua): Dng dd AgNO3, cho kt ta AgCl mu trng, khng tan trong cc axit mnh. HCl + AgNO3 AgCl + HNO3 NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3

I-BI TP L THUYT
1) 2) 3) 4) Dng 1: Vit PTHH (ghi r iu kin p nu c) nhm: Dng 1.a) Chng minh tnh cht (oxi ha, kh) Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng chng minh rng axit clohiric c y tnh cht ha hc ca mt axit. Vit 1 phng trnh phn ng chng t axit HClO c tnh oxi ha, 1 phng trnh phn ng chng t HCl c tnh kh. Dng 1.b) Phn ng gia cc cht Axit HCl c th tc dng nhng cht no sau y? Vit phn ng xy ra: Al, Mg(OH)2 , Na2SO4 , FeS, Fe2O3 , Ag2SO4 , K2O, CaCO3 , Mg(NO3)2 . Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho ln lt cc cht trong nhm A {HCl, Cl2} tc dng vi ln lt cc cht trong nhm B {Cu, AgNO 3 , NaOH, CaCO3}.
Dng 1.c) Hon thnh dy chuyn ha 5) Thc hin chui phn ng sau: a) NaCl HCl Cl2 HClO HCl GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
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6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
11) 12) 13)
AgCl Ag CuCl2 HCl b) KMnO4 Cl2 CuCl2 FeCl2 HCl HCl CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 c) KCl HCl Cl2 Br2 I2 FeCl3 AgCl Ag Dng 1.d) iu ch ha cht T KCl, H2SO4 c, MnO2 , Fe, CuO, Zn, hy iu ch FeCl 3 , CuCl2 , ZnCl2 . T NaCl, H2O, Fe v cc thit b cn thit, hy iu ch FeCl 3 , FeCl2 , Fe(OH)2 , Fe(OH)3. Cho cc cht sau: KCl, CaCl2 , MnO2 , H2SO4 c. Trn 2 hoc 3 cht vi nhau. Trn nh th no to thnh hiro clorua? Trn nh th no to thnh clo? Vit phng trnh phn ng. Vit 3 phng trnh phn ng iu ch st (III) clorua. Dng 2: Phn bit, nhn bit, tch v tinh ch cc cht Nhn bit cc dung dch mt nhn sau bng phng php ha hc: a) KOH, K2SO4 , KCl, K2SO4 , KNO3 b) HCl, NaOH, Ba(OH)2 , Na2SO4 c) HCl, HNO3 , H2SO4 , HBr d) KCl, K2SO4 , KNO3 , KI e) BaCl2 , K2SO4 , Al(NO3)3 , Na2CO3 Nhn bit cc dung dch sau bng phng php ha hc: a) NaNO3 , NaCl, HCl. b) NaCl, HCl, H2SO4 Mui n b ln cc tp cht Na 2SO4, MgCl2. CaCl2 v CaSO4 Hy trnh by PPHH loi b cc tp cht. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Dng 3: Gii thch hin tng ha hc Nu hin tng xy ra khi a ra ngoi nh sng ng nghim cha bc clorua c nh thm t git dung dch qu tm. Gii thch.
II- BI TON
BI TON VI 1 CHT 14) Ha tan 1 (mol) hiro clorua vo nc ri cho vo dung dch 300 (g) dung dch NaOH 10%. Dung dch thu c c phn ng g? Axit, baz hay trung ha? S: Tnh axit 15) Cho axit H2SO4 c tc dng ht vi 58,5 (g) NaCl, un nng. Ha tan kh to thnh vo 146 (g) nc. Tnh C% dung dch thu c. S: 33,3%
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16) ha tan 4,8 (g) kim loi R ha tr II phi dng 200 (ml) dung dch HCl 2(M). Tm R. S: Mg 17) Cho 19,2 (g) kim loi R thuc nhm II vo dung dch HCl d thu c 17,92 (l) kh (kc). Tm R. S: Mg 18) Ha tan 16 (g) oxit ca kim loi R ha tr III cn dng 109,5 (g) dung dch HCl 20%. Xc nh tn R. S:Fe 19) Ha tan 15,3 (g) oxit ca kim loi M ha tr II vo mt lng dung dch HCl 18,25% thu c 20,8 (g) mui. Xc nh tn M v khi lng dung dch HCl dng. S: Ba ; 40 (g) 20) Ha tan 21,2 (g) mui R2CO3 vo mt lng dung dch HCl 2 (M) thu c 23,4 (g) mui. Xc nh tn R v th tch dung dch HCl dng. S: Na ; 200 (ml) 21) Cho 0,54g kim loi R (ha tr khng i) tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 672cm3 kh H2 (ktc). Xc nh R. 22) Tnh nng ca 2 dd HCl trong cc trng hp sau: a/ Cn phi dng 150ml dd HCl kt ta hon ton 200g dd AgNO3 8,5%. b/ khi cho 50g dd HCl vo 1 cc ng NaHCO3 d th thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) 23) Cho 10,8 g kim loi ha tr III tc dng vi kh Cl 2 to thnh 53,4g clorua kim loi. a/ Xc nh tn kim loi. b/ Tnh lng MnO2 v V dd HCl 37% (d = 1,19g/ml) iu ch kh Clo dng trong phn ng trn. Bit Hiu sut phn ng l 80%. 24) Ha tan hon ton 1,17 (g) mt kim loi A c ho tr khng i vo dung dch HCl 1,2 (M) th thu c 0,336 (l) kh. Tm tn kim loi A v th tch dung dch HCl dng. S: K ; 25 (ml) BI TON VI HN HP CHT 25) C mt dung dch cha ng thi HCl v H 2SO4 . Cho 200 (g) dung dch tc dng dung dch BaCl 2 d to c 46,6 (g) kt ta. Lc kt ta, trung ho nc lc phi dng 500 (ml) dung dch NaOH 1,6 (M). Tnh C% mi axit trong dung dch u. S: H2SO4 9,8% ; HCl 7,3% 26) Ha tan 31,2 (g) hn hp A gm Na 2CO3 v CaCO3 vo dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 (l) CO2 (kc). Tnh khi lng tng cht trong A. S: 21,2 (g) Na2CO3 ; 10 (g) CaCO3 27) Cho 27,8 (g) hn hp B gm Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 15,68 (l) H2 (kc). Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong B. GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
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S: 19,42% Al ; 80,58% Fe 28) Cho 24 (g) hn hp G gm Mg v MgCO 3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 11,2 (l) hn hp kh gm H 2 v CO2 (kc). Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong G. S: 30% Mg ; 70% MgCO3 29) Ha tan 34 (g) hn hp G gm MgO v Zn vo dung dch HCl d thu c 73,4 (g) hn hp mui G. Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong G. S: 23,53% MgO ; 76,47% Zn 30) Cho 31,4 (g) hn hp G gm Al v Zn tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 2 (M) thu c 15,68 (l) H2 (kc). a) Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong G. b) Tnh th tch HCl dng. S: 17,20% Al ; 82,80% Zn 31) Ha tan 64 (g) hn hp X gm CuO v Fe 2O3 vo dung dch HCl 20%. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c 124,5 (g) hn hp mui khan G. a) Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X. b) Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl dng. S: 75% ; 25% ; 219 (g) 32) Cho 11,9 (g) hn hp G gm Al v Zn tc dng va vi 400 (ml) dung dch HCl 2 (M) thu c m (g) hn hp mui Gv V (l) kh (kc). a) Tnh khi lng tng cht trong G. b) Tnh th tch kh thot ra (kc). c) Tnh khi lng hn hp mui G. S: 5,4 (g) ; 6,5 (g) ; 8,96 (l) ; 40,3 (g) 33) Cho a (g) hn hp A gm CaO v CaCO3 tc dng va vi 300 (ml) dung dch HCl thu c 33,3 (g) mui CaCl2 v 4480 (ml) kh CO2 (kc). a) Tnh khi lng hn hp A. b) Tnh nng HCl dng. S: 25,6 (g) ; 2 (M) 34) Ha tan hon ton 20 (g) hn hp Y gm Zn v Cu vo mt lng va dung dch HCl 0,5 (M) thu c 4,48 (l) H 2 (kc). Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong Y v th tch axit dng. S: 65% Zn ; 35% Cu ; 800 (ml) 35) Ha tan 23,8 (g) hn hp mui gm mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr I v mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr II vo dung dch HCl d th thu c 0,4 (g) kh. em c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? S: 26 (g) 36) Ha tan hon ton 14,2g hn hp Fe, CuO vo 100ml dd HCl th thu c 1,68 lt kh A (ktc) v dd B. a/ Tnh khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u. b/ Tnh CM ca dd HCl. Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...
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c/ Tnh CM ca mi mui trong dd B (xem nh V dd khng thay i) 37) Cho 22g hh Fe v Al tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 17,92 lt kh (ktc). a/ Tnh thnh phn % khi lng mi cht trong hh ban u b/ Tnh khi lng dd HCl 7,3% ti thiu cn dng. c/ Tnh khi lng hh mui thu c khi c cn dd sau phn ng. 38) Cho hh A gm Cu v Mg vo dd HCl d thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc) khng mu v cht rn khng tan B. Dng dd H 2SO4 c, nng ha tan cht rn khng tan B thu c 2,24 lt kh SO2 (ktc) a/ Vit cc pthh xy ra. b/ Tnh khi lng hh A ban u. p s: 12,4(g) 39) Cho 13,6 (g) hn hp X gm Fe v Fe 2O3 tc dng va vi 91,25 (g) dung dch HCl 20%. a) Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X. b) Tnh nng % dung dch sau phn ng. S: 41,18% Fe ; 58,82% Fe2O3 40) C 26, 6 (g) hn hp gm hai mui KCl v NaCl. Ha tan hn hp vo nc thnh 500 (g) dung dch. Cho dung dch tc dng vi AgNO 3 va th to thnh 57,4 (g) kt ta. Tnh nng % mi mui trong dung dch u. S: KCl 2,98% ; NaCl 2,34% 41) Ha tan hon ton mt hn hp A gm Zn v ZnO cn dng 100,8 (ml) dung dch HCl 36,5% (d = 1,19) thu c 8,96 (l) kh (kc). Tnh khi lng A. S: 42,2 (g) 42) Chia 35 (g) hn hp X cha Fe, Cu, Al thnh 2 phn bng nhau: Phn I: cho tc dng hon ton dung dch HCl d thu 6,72 (l) kh (kc). Phn II: cho tc dng va 10,64 (l) kh clo (kc). Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X. S: 43) Cho 25,3 (g) hn hp A gm Al, Fe, Mg tc dng va vi 400 (ml) dung dch HCl 2,75 (M) thu c m (g) hn hp mui X v V (ml) kh (kc). Xc nh m (g) v V (ml). S: 64,35 (g) ; 12,32 (l) 44) A v B l 2 dung dch axit clohidric c nng khc nhau. Trn ln 1 lt A vi 3 lt B, ta c 4 lt dd D. trung ha 10ml dd D cn 15ml dd NaOH 0,1M. Trn ln 3 lt A vi 1 lt B, ta c 4 lt dd E. Cho 80ml dd E tc dng vi dd AgNO3 (ly d) thu c 2,87g kt ta. Tnh nng mol ca cc dd A, B, D, E. p s : A: 0,3M ; B: 0,1M ; D: 0,15M ; E: 0,25M
BAI TAP TRC NGHIM

1) Cu no sau y gii thch ng v s tan nhiu ca kh HCl trong nc:
GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
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A. Do phn t HCl phn cc mng. B. Do HCl c lin kt H vi nc. C. Do HCl c lin kt cng ha tr km bn. D. Do HCl l cht rt ho nc. 2) Cht no sau y khng th dng lm kh cht kh Hidro clorua? A. P2O5 B. NaOH rn. C. dd H2SO4 c D. CaCl2 khan 3) Trong phng th nghim, iu ch Clo ngi ta dng MnO2 vi vai tr l: A. Cht xc tc B. Cht oxi ha. C. Cht kh D. Va l cht oxi ha, va kh 4) Cho 15,8g KMnO4 tc dng ht vi dd HCl m c. Hi V ca Cl2 (ktc) thu c l bao nhiu? A. 5,6 lt B. 0,56 lt C. 2,8 lt D. 0,28 lt 5) Mt mol cht no sau y tc dng ht vi dd HCl c cho lng Clo ln nht? A. MnO2 B. KMnO4 C. KClO3 D. CaOCl2 6) dd cha 40g KOH vo dd cha 40g HCl. Nhng giy qu tm vo dd thu c sau phn ng, qu tm chuyn sang mu? A. Xanh B. C. Tm D. Vng 7) Cho 20g hh bt Mg v Fe tc dng vi dd HCl d thy c 1g kh bay ra. Hi c bao nhiu gam mui Clorua to ra trong dd? A. 40,5g B. 45,5g C. 55,5g D. 60,5g 8) C 5 dd ca 5 cht : Na2CO3, Na2SO3, Na2S, Na2SO4, Na2SiO3. Ch dng 1 thuc th duy nht nhn bit 5 dd trn? A. dd Ba(OH)2 B. dd Pb(NO3)2 C. dd HCl D. dd BaCl2 9) Cn phi ly bao nhiu gam NaCl cho tc dng vi H2SO4 c iu ch 50g dd HCl 14,6% A. 18,2g B. 17,1g C. 11,7g D. 16,1g 10) HX (X l halogen) c th c iu ch bng phh: NaX + H2SO4 c HX + NaHSO4 NaX c th l cht no trong s cc cht sau y? A. NaF B. NaCl C. NaBr D. A v B ng 11) Dung dch axit HCl c nht 20oC c nng : A. 27% B. 47% C. 37% D. 33%
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12)Thuc th ca axit HCl v cc mui clorua tan l dung dch AgNO 3, hon thnh cc phn ng sau: a/ AgNO3 + NaCl b/ AgNO3 + HCl c/ AgNO3 + MgCl2 13) Trong dy axit HF, HCl, HBr, HI. Theo chiu t tri sang phi tnh cht axit bin i nh sau: A. Tng B. Gim C. Khng thay i D. Va tng va gim 14) a 2 a thy tinh va nhng vo cc dd c HCl v NH 3 lai gn nhau, xut hin khi trng. Cng thc ha hc ca cht l: A. HCl B. NH3 C. NH4Cl D. Cl2 15) Trong cc dy cht di y, dy no gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl ? A. Fe2O3, KMnO4, Cu ; B. Fe, CuO, Ba(OH)2 ; C. CaCO3, H2SO4, Mg(OH)2; D. AgNO3(dd), MgCO3, BaSO4. 16) Phn ng ca kh Cl2 vi kh H2 xy ra iu kin no sau y ? A. Nhit thp di O0C. B. Trong bng ti, nhit thng 25oC. C. Trong bng ti. D. C chiu sng .. 17) Phn ng no sau y c dng iu ch kh hidroclorua trong phng to th nghim ? A. H2 + Cl2 2HCl . B. Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO . C. Cl2 + SO2 + 2H2O to 2HCl + H2SO4 D. NaCl(r) + H2SO4 (c) NaHSO4 + HCl . 18) Phn ng no sau y chng t HCl c tnh kh ? A. 4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.. B. 2HCl + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + 2H2O. C. 2HCl + CuO CuCl2 + H2O. D. 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2.
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Trng: THPT Nguyen
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Chng trnh chun
Bi 32: HP CHT C OXI CA CLO
TOM TT LY THUYT
1/ Cc axit c oxi ca Clo: HClO HClO2 HClO3 HClO4
Tnh bn v tnh axit tng Kh nng oxi ha tng 2/ Nc Gia-ven: Cl2 + NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O Nc Gia-ven 3/ Clorua vi: Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 CaOCl2 + H2O Clorua vi Cl Cng thc cu to ca clorua vi: Ca
Cl
Cc cht NaClO, CaOCl2 c tnh oxi ha mnh. S dng chng st trng v ty mu. 4/ Mui Clorat: to 3Cl2 + 6KOH 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O trng thi rn, kali clorat l cht oxi ha mnh. Phtpho bc chy khi c trn vi KClO3

I-BI TP L THUYT
Dng 1: Vit PTHH (ghi r iu kin p nu c) nhm: Dng 1.a) Chng minh tnh cht (oxi ha, kh) 1) Hy cho bit s bin i trong dy HClO HClO2 HClO3 HClO4 v tnh axit v tnh oxi ha. Dng 1.b) Phn ng gia cc cht 2) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho cc cht trong nhm A ln lt tc dng cc cht trong nhm B. a) A: HCl, Cl2 B: KOH c (to), dung dch AgNO3 , Fe, dung dch KBr b) A: HCl, Cl2 B: KOH (to thng), CaCO3 , MgO , Ag Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...
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3) C nhng s phn ng ha hc sau: a/ Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO b/ CaOCl2 + HCl CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O c/ Cl2 + KOH KCl + KClO3 + H2O d/ HCl + KClO3 KCl + Cl2 + H2O e/ NaClO + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 + HClO f/ CaOCl2 CaCl2 + O2 Cho bit nhng phn ng no l phn ng oxi ha kh, vai tr ca cc cht tham gia phn ng. Hon thnh phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng. Dng 1.c) Hon thnh dy chuyn ha 4) Vit phng trnh phn ng thc hin chui bin ha sau: a) Kali clorat kali clorua hiro clorua ng (II) clorua bari clorua bc clorua clo kali clorat b) Axit clohiric clo nc Javen clorua vi clo brom iot c) CaCO3 CaCl2 NaCl NaOH NaClO NaCl Cl2 FeCl3 AgCl Dng 1.d) iu ch ha cht 5) K tn mt s mui ca axit cha oxi ca clo. Nu phng php chung iu ch chng? Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ha cho tng cht. 6) Vit pt phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh sn xut clorua vi t vi v mui n. Dng 3: Gii thch hin tng ha hc 7) Thi kh clo i qua dung dch natri cacbonat, ngi ta thy c kh cacbonic thot ra. Hy gii thch hin tng bng cc phng trnh ha hc.
II- BI TON
BI TON VI 1 CHT 8) Cho 69,8 (g) MnO2 tc dng vi axit HCl c. Dn kh clo thu c vo 500 (ml) dung dch NaOH 4 (M) nhit thng. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b) Tnh nng mol ca cc mui trong dung dch thu c, coi th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k. 9) Cho 17,4g MnO2 tc dng ht vi dungdch HCl ly d. Ton b kh clo sinh ra c hp th ht vo 145,8g dung dch NaOH 20% ( nhit thng ) to ra dung dch A.
Trng: THPT Nguyen
28
Chng trnh chun
Hi dung dch A c cha nhng cht tan no ? Tnh nng phn trm ca tng cht tan . p s : NaCl: 7,31% ; NaClO: 9,31% ; NaOH : 8,1%. 10) Trong phng th nghim c canxi oxit, nc, mangan ddioxxit, H2SO4 70% (D = 1,61 g/m3) v NaCl. Hi cn phi dng cc cht g v vi lng cht l bao nhiu iu ch 254g clorua vi? 11) Khi un nng mui kali clorat khng xc tc th mui b phn hy ng thi theo hai phng trnh sau: (a) 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 (b) 4KClO3 3KClO4 + KCl Hy tnh: Bao nhiu % khi lng b phn hy theo (a)? Bao nhiu % khi lng b phn hy theo (b)? Bit rng khi phn hy hon ton 73,5 (g) KClO3 th thu c 33,5 (g) KCl. BI TON VI HN HP CHT
BAI TAP TRC NGHIM

Cu 1) Trong phn ng: Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O Pht biu no sau y ng vi cc nguyn t Clo? A. B oxi ha B. B kh C. khng b oxi ha, khng b kh D. Va oxi ha, va kh Cu 2) Trong phn ng: Cl2 + 2KOH KCl + KClO + H2O Clo ng vai tr no? A. L cht kh B. L cht oxi ha C. khng l cht oxi ha, khng l cht kh D. Va l cht oxi ha, va l cht kh Cu 3) Clorua vi l loi mui no sau y? A. Mui to bi 1 kim loi lin kt vi 1 loi gc axit B. Mui to bi 1 kim loi lin kt vi 2 loi gc axit C. Mui to bi 2 kim loi lin kt vi 1 loi gc axit D. Clorua vi khng phi l mui Cu 4) Trong cc hp cht ca Clo sau y th hp cht no c tnh oxi ha mnh nht? A. HClO4 B. HClO3 C. HClO2 D. HClO Cu 5) Trong cc axit c oxi ca Clo sau y th axit no c tnh axit mnh nht? A. HClO4 B. HClO3 C. HClO2 D. HClO Cu 6) Axit cloric c cng thc no sau y?
29
A. HClO4 B. HClO3 C. HClO2 D. HClO Cu 7) Axit hipoclor c cng thc no sau y? A. HClO4 B. HClO3 C. HClO2 D. HClO Cu 8) S oxi ha ca Clo trong axit pecloric l: A. +3 B. +5 C. +7 D. 1 Cu 9) Tnh ty mu, st trng ca clorua vi l do nguyn nhn no sau y? A. Do clorua vi d b phn hy ra oxi nguyn t c tnh oxi ha mnh B. Do clorua vi phn hy ra Cl2 c tnh oxi ha mnh C. Do trong phn t clorua vi cha nguyn t clo vi s oxi ha +1 c tnh oxi ha mnh D. C A, B, C Cu 10) Nc gia-ven l hn hp ca cc cht no sau y? A. HCl, HClO, H2O B. NaCl, NaClO, H2O C. NaCl, NaClO3, H2O D. NaCl, NaClO4, H2O Cu 11) Cho 50g kh clo c th tch bao nhiu ktc? A. 15,77 lt B. 17,4 lt C. 16 lt D. 1200 lt Cu 12) Cho 1,84 lt (ktc) Hidro clorua qua 50ml dd AgNO3 8% (D = 1,1 g/ml). Nng ca cht tan HNO3 trong dd thu c l bao nhiu? A. 8,35% B. 6,58% C. 3,85% D. 2,74% Cu 13) Trong phn ng : CaOCl2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O Nguyn t clo trong hp cht CaOCl2 ng vai tr : A. Cht kh. B. Va l cht kh, va l cht oxi ha. C. Cht oxi ha. D. Khng l cht kh, khng l cht oxi ha Cu 14) Tm cu sai khi ni v clorua vi : A. Cng thc phn t ca clorua vi l CaOCl 2. B. Clorua vi l mui hn hp. C. Ca(OCl)2 l cng thc hn tp ca clorua vi. D. Clorua vi c hm lng hipoclorit cao hn nc Javel Cu 15) Tm phn to cao ng sai: thng A. 3Clt2o + 6KOH KClO3 + 3H2O + 5KCl B. Cl2 + 2KOH KClO + H2O + KCl C. Cl2 + 2NaOH NaClO + H2O + NaCl to cao D. 3Cl2 + 6NaOH NaClO3 + 5NaCl + 3H2O Phn dn ny dng tr li cc cu hi 5.92 ; 5.93 : Clorua vi c cng thc cu to l : Cl Ca O Cl GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
30
Chng trnh chun
Cu 16) Trong lin kt ca Cl vi Ca, Cl c s oxi ha l : A +1. B. 1 . C. 0 D. 1 v +1. Cu 17) Trong lin kt ca Cl vi O, Cl c s oxi ha l : A. +1 . B. 1 C. 0. D. 1 v +1. Cu 18) S oxi ha ca clo trong phn t CaOCl2 l: A. 0 B. 1 C. +1 D. 1 v +1.. Cu 19) Khi nung nng, kali clorat ng thi b phn hy theo phn ng (1) v (2) : (1) KClO3(r) KCl(r) + O2 (k) (2) KClO3(r) KClO4(r) + KCl(r). Cu no din t ng v tnh cht ca KClO3 ? A. KClO3 ch c tnh oxi ha . B. KClO3 ch c tnh kh. C. KClO3 va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh. D. KClO3 khng c tnh oxi ha, khng c tnh kh. Cu 20) Hnh v sau biu din th nghim tnh ty mu ca clo m. Hy d on hin tng xy ra khi : a. ng kha K ? b. M kha K ? .
Cu 21) thu kh clo trong phng th nghim, ngi ta s dng dng c no sau y?
Hnh 1
Hnh 2
H2O
Hnh 3
A. Hnh 1.
B. Hnh 2.
C. Hnh 3.
D. Tt c u sai
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Cu 22) Khi m vi nc my, nu ch mt cht s pht hin mi l. l do nc my cn lu gi vt tch ca cht st trng. chnh l clo v ngi ta gii thch kh nng dit khun l do: A. Clo c nn c tnh st trng. B. Clo c tnh oxi ho mnh. C. Clo tc dng vi nc to ra HClO cht ny c tnh oxi ho mnh . D. Mt nguyn nhn khc. Chn p n ng. Cu 23) Ngi ta c th st trng bng dung dch mui n NaCl, chng hn nh hoa qu ti, rau sng c ngm trong dung dch NaCl t 10 - 15 pht, trc khi n. Kh nng dit khun ca dung dch NaCl l do: A. dung dch NaCl c th to ra ion Cl- c tnh kh. B. vi khun b mt nc do thm thu. C. dung dch NaCl c. D. mt l do khc. Chn p n ng. Cu 24) Axit clohiric c th tham gia phn ng oxi ho- kh vi vai tr: A. Cht kh B. cht oxi ho C. mi trng D. A, B v C u ng. Chn p n ng. Cu 25) Kali clorat tan nhiu trong nc nng nhng tan t trong nc lnh. Hin tng no xy ra khi cho kh clo i qua nc vi d un nng, ly dung dch thu c trn vi KCl v lm lnh: A. Khng c hin tng g xy ra. B. C cht kh thot ra mu vng lc. C. Mu ca dung dch thay i. D. C cht kt ta kali clorat. Chn p n ng.
--------------------------------- -----------------------------------
TOM TT LY THUYT 1. FLO l cht oxi ha mnh, tham gia phn ng vi hu ht cc n cht v
hp cht to florua vi s OXH -1. TC DNG KIM LOI Ca + F2 CaF2 2Ag + F2 2AgF TC DNG VI HIDRO phn ng xy ra mnh hn cc halogen khc , hn hp H2 , F2 n mnh trong bng ti. H2 + F2 2HF Kh HF tan vo nc to dung dch HF. Dung dch HF l axit yu, c bit l ha tan c SiO2 GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
FLO BROM - IOT
32
0
Chng trnh chun
4HF + SiO2 t 2H2O + SiF4 (s n mn thy tinh c ng dng trong k thut khc trn knh nh v tranh khc ch). TC DNG NC kh flo qua nc s lm bc chy nc (do gii phng O2). 2F2 + 2H2O 4HF + O2 Phn ng ny gii thch v sao F 2 khng y Cl2 , Br2 , I2 ra khi dung dch mui hoc axit trong khi flo c tnh oxi ha mnh hn . 2. BRM V IT l cc cht oxi ha yu hn clo. TC DNG VI KIM LOI to mui tng ng 2Na + Br2 t 2NaBr 2Na + I2 t 2NaI 2Al + 3Br2 t 2AlBr3 2Al + 3I2 t 2AlI3 TC DNG VI HIDRO non g H2 + Br2 un 2HBr un non g H2 + I2 2 HI phn ng xy ra thun nghch. hot ng gim dn t Cl Br I Cc kh HBr, HI tan vo nc to dung dich axit H O H O 2 ddaxit HBr 2 dd axit HI. HBr + HI + V mnh axit th li tng dn t HCl < HBr < HI
0

I-BI TP L THUYT
Dng 1: Vit PTHH (ghi r iu kin p nu c) nhm: Dng 1.a) Chng minh tnh cht (oxi ha, kh) 1) So snh tnh cht ha hc ca flo, brom v iot vi clo. Vit pthh minh ha 2) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng chng t quy lut: hot ng ha hc ca cc halogen gim dn theo chiu tng in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca chng. Gii thch? Dng 1.c) Hon thnh dy chuyn ha 3) Thc hin chui phn ng sau: a) I2 KI KBr Br2 NaBr NaCl Cl2 HI AgI HBr AgBr b) H2 F2 CaF2 HF SiF4 c) KMnO4 Cl2 KClO3 KCl HCl CuCl2 AgCl Cl2 clorua vi Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...
33
d) HBr Br2 AlBr3 MgBr2 Mg(OH)2 I2 NaI AgI Dng 2: Phn bit, nhn bit, tch v tinh ch cc cht 4) Nhn bit cc ho cht mt nhn sau: a) Dung dch: HCl, KCl, KBr, NaI. b) Dung dch: I2 , Na2CO3 , NaCl, NaBr. c) Dung dch: KOH, HCl, HNO3 , K2SO4 , BaCl2 . d) Cht rn: CaCO3 , K2CO3 , NaCl, KNO3 . e) Cht rn: AgCl, KCl, BaCO3 , KI. Dng 3: Gii thch hin tng ha hc 5) Ti sao c th iu ch nc clo nhng khng th iu ch nc flo? 6) C 1 lung kh Clo qua dung dch Kali bromua 1 thi gian di. C th c nhng phn ng ha hc no xy ra? Gii thch v vit cc phng trnh phn ng. 7) S quan st c hin tng g khi ta thm dn dn nc Clo vo dung dch KaliIotua c cha sn 1 t tinh bt? Dn ra phng trnh phn ng m em bit. 8) a ra nh sng ng nghim ng Bc clorua c nh thm t git dung dch qu tm. Hin tng no xy ra? Gii thch.
II- BI TON
BI TON VI 1 CHT 9) Hiro florua thng c iu ch bng cch cho axit sunfuric c tc dng vi canxi florua. Hy tnh khi lng canxi florua cn thit iu ch 2,5 (kg) dung dch axit flohiric 40%. 10) un nng MnO2 vi axit HCl c, d thu c kh A. Trn kh A vi 5,6 (l) H2 di tc dng ca nh sng th phn ng xy ra. Kh A cn d sau phn ng cho tc dng vi dung dch KI th thu c 63,5 (g) I 2. Tnh khi lng MnO2 dng, bit cc th tch kh u o kc.
BAI TAP TRC NGHIM

1. Axit mnh nht l: A. HClO2 B. HClO C. HClO4 D. HClO3 2. Axit c tnh oxi ha mnh nht l: A. HClO3 B. HClO2 C. HClO4 D. HClO 3. Hp cht no c cha nguyn t oxi c s oxi ha +2? A. F2O B. H2O C. K2O2 D. Na2O 4. Dung dch axit clohiric c nht 20oC c nng A. 27% B. 47% C. 37% D. 33% GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
34
Chng trnh chun
5. Cho dy axit HF, HCl, HBr, HI. Theo chiu t tri sang phi tnh cht axit bin i nh th no: A. Tng B. Gim C. Khng thay i D. Va tng va gim 6. Khi m vi nc my, nu ch mt cht s pht hin mi l. l do nc my cn lu gi vt tch ca cht st trng chnh l clo v ngi ta gii thch kh nng dit khun l do A. Clo c nn c tnh st trng B. Clo c tnh oxi ha mnh C. Clo tc dng vi nc to HClO cht ny c tnh oxi ha mnh D. Mt nguyn nhn khc Chn p n ng. 7. Dng mui it hng ngy phng nga bnh bu c. Mui it y l A. NaI B. I2 C. NaCl v I2 D. NaI v NaCl 8. Dung dch X khngmu tc dng vi dung dch bc nitrat, sn phm c cht kt ta mu vng. X l cht no sau y? A. Natri iotua B. ng (II) bromua C. St (III) nitrat D. Ch (II) clorua. 9. Hy ghp thnh cp cht vi tnh cht ca cht cho ph hp: Cht Tnh cht A. Iot a. L halogen lng nhit phng. B. Brom b. L hp cht c nhiu trong nc bin. C. Clo c. L hp cht d b phn hy bi nh sng D. Hiro clorua d. L cht kh tan trong nc to ra 2 axit. E. Bc bromua e. L kh khng mu, bc kh trong khng kh m. F. Natri clorua f. L chr rn trong nhm VIIA. 10. C nhng phn ng ha hc sau: A. Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O B. Br2 + 2NaI 2NaBr + I2 C. Br2 + 2NaOH NaBr + NaBrO + H2O. D. Br2 + 5Cl2 + 6H2O 3HBrO3 + 10HCl. Phn ng ha hc no chng minh: A. Brm c tnh oxi ho mnh hn iot? B. Clo c tnh oxi ho mnh hn brm? 11. Clorua vi c cng thc phn t l CaOCl 2 , trong hp cht ny nguyn t Clo c s oxi ho l: A. - 1 B. +1 C. -1 v +1 D. 0
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12. Khi nung nng, kali clorat ng thi b phn hy theo 2 phn ng KClO3(r) KCl (r) + O2 (k) KClO3(r) KClO4( r) + KCl (r) Cu no din t ng nht v tnh cht ca KClO3 ? A. KClO3 ch c tnh oxi ho. B. KClO3 ch c tnh kh C. KClO3 va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh D. KClO3 khng c tnh oxi ho, khng c tnh kh. 13. Cho 6 gam Brm c ln tp cht clo vo 1 dung dch cha 1,6g NaBr. Sau khi clo phn ng ht, ta lm bay hi hn hp sau th nghim v sy kh cht rn thu c. Khi lng cht rn sau khi sy kh l 1,36g. Hm lng phn trm ca clo trong 6g brm ni trn l: A. 2,19% C .4,19% B. 3,19% D. 1,19% 14. X, Y l 2 nguyn t halogen thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon. Hn hp A c cha 2 mui ca X, Y vi Na. kt ta hon ton 2,2g hn hp A, phi dng 150ml dung dch AgNO3 0,2M. X, Y c th l cc cp nguyn t no sau y: A. Cl v Br B. F v Cl C. F v Br D. Br v I. 15. Ho tan 10g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr II v III vo dd HCl, ta thu c dd A v 0,672 lit kh bay ra( kc). Khi c cn dd A, khi lng mui khan thu c l: A.10,33g B. 9,33g C . 11,33g D. 12,33g 16. Nc clo c tnh ty mu v cc c im sau: A. Clo tc dng vi nc to nn axit HClO c tnh ty mu. B. Clo hp th c mu. C. Clo tc dng vi nc to nn axit HCl c tnh ty mu. D. Tt c u ng. 17. C 6 bnh khng ghi nhn, mi bnh cha 1 trong cc dung dch sau: Natri clorua, natri bromua, kali iotua, axit clohidric, kali hirxit. phn bit cc dung dch trn, ta c th dng ln lt cc ho cht sau: A. Qu tm, dd AgNO3 B. Phenolphtalien, dd AgNO3, kh Cl2 C. Qu tm, kh Cl2 D. C A, B, C u ng. 18. Cht X l mui Canxi halogenua. Cho dd cha 0,200g X tc dng vi dd AgNO3 th thu c 0,376g kt ta bc halogenua. X l cng thc phn t no sau y: A. CaCl2 B. CaBr2 C. CaI2 D. CaF2 GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
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Chng trnh chun
19. C 5 bnh mt nhn, mi bnh ng 1 trong cc dd mt nhn sau: NaCl, H2SO4, FeCl3, MgCl2, NaOH. Nu ch dng thm 1 ho cht lm thuc th th c th chn cht no sau y: A. dd AgNO3 B. dd CuSO4 C. Qu tm D. B v C ng. 20. phn bit 5 dd: NaCl, NaBr, NaI, NaOH, HCl ng trong 5 l mt nhn, c th dng trc tip nhm thuc th no sau y: A. Phenolphtalien, kh Cl2 B. Qu tm, kh Cl2 C. dd AgNO3, dd CuCl2 D. Qu tm, dd AgNO3. 21. Nhng cu no sau y khng chnh xc: A. Halogen l nhng cht oxi ho mnh. B. Kh nng oxi ho ca halogen gim t flo n iot. C. Trong cc hp cht, cc halogen u c th c s oxi ho: -1, +1, +3, +5, +7. D. Cc halogen c nhiu im ging nhau v tnh cht ho hc. 22. Cho 1 lng d KMnO4 vo 25ml dd HCl 8M. Th tch kh clo sinh ra: A. 1,34 lit B. 1,45 lit C. 1,44 lt D. 1,4 lt. 23. C 4 bnh khng ghi nhn, mi bnh cha 1 trong cc dung dch sau: HCl, HNO3, KCl, KNO3. phn bit cc dung dch trn, ta c th dng ln lt cc ho cht sau: A. Qu tm, dd AgNO3 B. Phenolphtalien, dd AgNO3, kh Cl2 C. dd AgNO3, Phenolphtalien D.Khng xc nh c. 24. Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B 2 chu k lin tip ca nhm IIA. Ly 0,88g X cho ho tan hon ton trong dd HCl d, thu c 0,672 lt Hir ( kc) v dd Y. C cn dd Y thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m v tn 2 kim loi A v B l: A. 3,01; Mg v Ca. B. 2,95; Be v Mg. C. 2,85; Ca v Sr. D. Tt c u sai. 25. Nu ly khi lng KMnO4 v MnO2 bng nhau cho tc dng vi dd HCl c th cht no cho nhiu clo hn? A. MnO2 B. KMnO4 C. Lng Cl2 sinh ra nh nhau D. Khng xc nh c 26. Cho MnO2 tc dng vi dd HCl. Ton b kh sinh ra c hp th ht vo dd kim un nng to ra dd X. Trong dd X c nhng mui no sau y: A. NaCl, NaClO3 B. KCl, KClO. C. NaCl, NaClO D. Kt qu khc
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27. phn bit cc dung dch mt nhn sau: NaCl, NaCO 3, CaCl2, AgNO3. Ngi ta c th dng 1 trong cc ho cht no sau y: A. dd AgNO3 B. HCl C. Qu tm D. NaOH 28. Ha tan 5g kim loi kim th vo H2O thu c dung dch A. trung ha ht dung dch A cn 125ml dung dch HCl 2M. Xc nh kim loi. A. Ba B. Ca C. Mg D. Na 29. Ha tan 11,2l hidroclorua ( kc) vo nc c dung dch A. Thm vo dung dch A 200g dung dch NaOH 4%. Dung dch thu c c phn ng axit, baz hay trung tnh? A. Mi trng baz B. Mi trng trung tnh C. Mi trng axit D. Mt p n khc. 30. trung ha 200g dung dch 1 hidroxit kim loi kim nng 4% cn 50g dung dch HCl 14,6%. Tm cng thc ca hidroxit phn ng. A. NaOH B. KOH C. LiOH D. Tt c u sai. 31. Cho 200g dung dch axit HX (X_halogen) nng 14,6%. trung ha dung dch trn cn 250ml dung dch NaOH 3,2M. tm cng thc ca dung dch HX. A. HF B. HCl C. HBr D. HI 32. Cho bit cc cht to thnh kh cho axit clohiric tc dng vi clorua vi CaOCl2 A. Cl2 + CaCl2 + H2O C. CaCl2 + H2O A. HCl C. NaCl A. Xt C. Nc B. CaCl2 + HCl D. CaCl2 + HCl + H2O B. Cl2 D. C A, B, C. B. Axit sunfuric m c D. H2SO4 lng
33. St tc dng vi cht no di y cho mui st III clorua
34. Kh hidroclorua c th c iu ch bng cch cho mui n tc dng vi
35. Cho 56l (kc) clo i qua mt lng d vi ti Ca(OH) 2. Tnh khi lng clorua vi to thnh (Ca = 40, Cl = 35.5) A. 358g B. 278g C. 318g D. 338g 36. Cho 10g ioxit mangan tc dng vi axit clohidric d un nng. Tnh th tch kh thot ra (Mn = 55) A. 2.6l B. 5.2l C. 1.53l D. 2.58l
Trng: THPT Nguyen
38
Chng trnh chun
37. 1 lt dung dch axit HCl c cha 250 lt kh HCl ktc. Tnh khi lng xt cn thit trung ha 1 lt dung dch axit HCl ny A. 257g B. 44.7g C. 447g D. 347g
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OXI OZON
TOM TT LY THUYT
Trng: THPT Nguyen
40
1/. HA TNH : Oxi l cht oxi ha mnh. t0 a). Tc dng vi hidro : 2H2 + O2 2H2O b). Tc dng vi kim loi (tr Au, Pt) O2 + kim loi Oxit kim loi Vd: 3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4
t 2Cu + O2 2CuO (en) c). Tc dng vi phi kim (tr Halogen) O2 + phi kim Oxit phi kim
0
Chng trnh chun
Vd : C + O2 S + O2
t t
0 0
CO2 SO2
0
4P + 5O2
t 2P2O5
t N2 + O2 2NO d). Tc dng vi oxit (ca kim loi hoc phi kim c s oxi ha thp) VD: 2CO + O2 2CO2
2NO + O2 2NO2 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 6FeO + O2 2Fe3O4 e). Tc dng vi cht hu c : VD: C2H2 + 5/2O2 2CO2 + H2O 2/. IU CH : - Chng ct phn on khng kh lng MnO2 Nhit phn : 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 t0 2KMnO4
t
0 0
K2MnO4 +MnO2 + O2
t 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2 3/. DNG TH HNH CA OXI: Ozn (O3) tia lua dien - Km bn : 2O3 3O2 - C tnh oxi ha mnh hn oxi : 4Ag + O2 2Ag2O ( nhit cao )
2Ag + O3 Ag2O + O2 (nhit thng) Tc dng vi dung dch KI : phn ng dng nhn bit O 3 ( dng dung dch KI ln h tinh bt ): 2KI + O3 + H2O I2 + 2KOH + O2
41

I-BI TP L THUYT
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Dng 1: Vit PTHH (ghi r iu kin p nu c) nhm: Dng 1.a) Chng minh tnh cht (oxi ha, kh) Vit cu hnh electron ca oxy, d on kh nng biu hin S OXH ca oxy trong cc hp cht. Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca oxy l g? Vit 4 phng trnh phn ng minh ho. Vit 5 pt chng minh O2 l mt cht oxi ha Dng 1.b) Phn ng gia cc cht Oxy tc dng c vi cc cht no sau y? Vit phng trnh phn ng: H2; Cl2; S; C; CO; Fe; Na; Ag; SO2; SO3; Fe2O3; CH4. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng khi cho oxy tc dng ln lt cc hp cht sau: CS2 ; FeS2; C2H6O; C3H4O2; C3H7N; CxHy; C3H5Cl; CxHyOz; CxHyOzNt.
Dng 1.c) Hon thnh dy chuyn ha Thc hin chui phn ng sau (ghi r iu kin phn ng nu c): a) KNO3 O2 FeO Fe3O4 Fe2O3 FeCl3 b) KClO3 O2 CO2 CaCO3 CaCl2 Ca(NO3)2 O2 c) Al2O3 O2 P2O5 H3PO4 Cu3(PO4)2 KMnO4 Dng 1.d) iu ch ha cht 7) Vit 5 pt iu ch O2. 6) Dng 2: Phn bit, nhn bit, tch v tinh ch cc cht 8) C 2 bnh ng ring bit 2 kh oxy v ozon. Trnh by phng php ho hc phn bit hai kh . Dng 3: Gii thch hin tng ha hc 9) Mt thanh st lu trong khng kh sau mt thi gian khng cn sng bng m m c nhng vt ca g st? 10) Giy qu tm tm t bng dung dch KI ng sang mu xanh khi gp Ozn. Gii thch hin tng v vit phng trnh phn ng.
II- BI TON
BI TON VI 1 CHT 11) Cho 2,24 (l) kh ozon (kc) vo dung dch KI 0,5 (M). Tnh V dd KI cn dng v khi lng it sinh ra. BI TON VI HN HP CHT GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
42
Chng trnh chun
12) T khi hi ca mt hn hp X gm ozon v oxy so vi hiro bng 18. Xc nh % v th tch ca X. 13) Cho 30,4 (g) hn hp X cha Cu v Al tc dng hon ton vi oxy thu c 40 (g) hn hp CuO v Fe 2O3. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong X. 14) t chy ht 10 (l) CH 4 ta dng 16 (l) hn hp kh G gm oxy v ozon. Tnh % th tch ca G. S: 50% 15) t chy hon ton 17,92 (l) hn hp kh G gm CH 4 v C2H4 thu c 48,4 (g) CO2. Tnh % v th tch ca G v th tch O2 cn dng. S: 62,5%; 37,5 % ; VO2 = 42,56 lit 16) Trong PTN, iu ch O2 ngi ta dng cc phn ng sau: to 2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2 to 2 KMnO4 K2 MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 Nung 80,6 (g) hn hp G gm KMnO4 v KClO3 thu c 15,68 (l) O2 (kc). Tnh khi lng mi cht trong G. 17) Khi t 18,4 (g) hn hp Zn v Al th cn 5,6 (l) kh O 2 (kc).Tnh % khi lng hn hp u.
BAI TAP TRC NGHIM

1. Kh oxi iu ch c c ln hi nc .Dn kh oxi m i qua cht no sau y thu c kh oxi kh A. Al2O3 B. CaO C. Dung dch Ca(OH)2 D. Dung dch HCl 2. Tnh cht no sau y khng ng i vi nhm oxi (nhm VIA) T nguyn t oxi n telu A. m in ca nguyn t gim dn B. Bn knh nguyn t tng dn C. Tnh bn ca hp cht hiro tng dn D. Tnh axit ca hp cht hiroxit gim dn 3. Trong nhm oxi theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn th s bin i tnh cht no sau y l ng A.Tnh oxi ho tng dn , tnh kh gim dn B.Nng lng ion ho th nht (I1) tng dn C. i lc electron tng dn D. Tnh kim loi tng ng thi tnh phi kim gim 4. Oxit no l hp cht ion A. SO2 B. SO3 C. CO2 D.CaO 5. Khc vi nguyn t O, ion oxit O2- c A. Bn knh ion nh hn v t electron hn B. Bn knh ion nh hn v nhiu electron hn C. Bn knh ion ln hn v t electron hn D. Bn knh ion ln hn v nhiu electron hn Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...
43
6. Kt lun no sau y l ng i vi O2 A. Oxi l nguyn t c tnh oxi ho yu nht trong nhm VIA B. Phn t khi ca kh oxi l 16 C. Lin kt trong phn t oxi l lin kt cng ho tr khng cc D. Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca oxi l tnh kh mnh 7. Trong phng th nghim, thu kh oxi ngi ta dng phng php y nc.Tnh cht no sau y l c s p dng cch thu kh ny i vi oxi A. Oxi c nhit ho lng thp: -1830C B. Oxi t tan trong nc C. Oxi l kh hi nng hn khng kh D. Oxi l cht kh nhit thng 8. ng dng no khng phi ca ozon A.Ty trng cc loi tinh bt du n B.Kh trng nc ung , kh mi C.Cha su rng, bo qun hoa qu D. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim 9. phn bit O2 v O3 ngi ta thng dng A. Dung dch KI v h tinh bt B. Dung dch H2SO4 C. Dung dch CuSO4 D. Nc 10. chng minh tnh oxi ho c ozon> oxi, ngi ta thng dng cht no trong s cc cht sau: (1) Ag; (2) dung dch KI + h tinh bt ; (3) PbS ; (4) dung dch CuSO4 A. Ch c dng (1) B. ch c dng (2) C. Ch c dng (4) D. (1),(2),(3) u c 11. T khi hi ca hn hp kh X gm ozon v oxi i vi hidrro l 18.Thnh phn % theo th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp u l A. 25% O3 v 75% O2 B. 30% O3 v 70% O2 C. 60% O3 v 40%O2 D.50%O3 v 50%O2 12. Vi s mol cc cht phn ng bng nhau, phn ng ho hc no di y iu ch c lng oxi nhiu nht A. 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 B. 2KMnO4 MnO2 + K2MnO4 + 2O2 C. 2HgO 2Hg + O2 D. 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2 13. iu ch 6,72lit O2(ktc) trong phng th nghim, cn dng mt lng KClO3l: A. 12,5g B. 24,5g C. 36,75g D. 73,5g 14. Cho 6g mt kim loi R c ho tr khng i khi tc dng vi oxi to ra 10g oxit. Kimloi R l p n no sau y: A. Zn B.Fe C. Mg D. Ca 14. Mt phi kim R to vi oxi hai oxit, trong % khi lng ca oxi ln lt 50% v 60% , R l: A. C B. S C.N D.Cl 15. Th tch O2 (ktc) cn dng t chy hon 1,2kg C l p s no sau y A. 2,24l B. 22,4l C. 224l D. 2240l GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
44
Chng trnh chun
16. sn xut oxi trong cng nghip ngi ta dng phng php in phn nc.Th tch nc trng thi lng cn dng in phn thu c 5,6 m3 O2(ktc)
Bi 30: LU TOM TT LY THUYT
HUNH
1/ HA TNH : lu hunh va th hin tnh kh, va th hin tnh oxi ha a) Tnh Oxi ha ca lu hunh H2S (hidro sunfua) (mi trng thi) - Tc dng vi H2 : H2 + S (lng, si) - Tc dng vi kim loi : S + kim loi sunfua kim loi VD:
t Fe + S FeS
0
Hg + S HgS (to thng)

t 2Al + 3S Al2S3 b). Tnh kh ca S - Tc dng vi phi kim (tr N2, I2) t0 S + O2 SO2 - Tc dng vi cht oxi ha mnh 3S + 2KClO3 3SO2 + 2KCl
0
S + 2H2SO4 3SO2 + 2H2O S + 6HNO3 6NO2 + H2SO4 + 2H2O 2/. IU CH : - Khai thc m qung. 2S + 2H2O - 2H2S + O2
3S + 2H2O 2H2S + SO2

I-BI TP L THUYT
Dng 1: Vit PTHH (ghi r iu kin p nu c) nhm: Dng 1.a) Chng minh tnh cht (oxi ha, kh) 18) Vit 2 pt chng minh S l mt cht oxi ha, 2 pt chng minh S l cht kh. Dng 1.b) Phn ng gia cc cht 19) Vit cc phng trnh khi cho lu hunh tc dng vi: a. Km b. Nhm c. Cacbon d. Oxy
45
20)
Lu hunh tc dng c vi cc cht no sau y, vit phng trnh phn ng minh ha: Cl2; O2; Hg; Al; HCl; Fe; H2O; Ag; HNO3; H2. Dng 1.c) Hon thnh dy chuyn ha 21) Thc hin chui phn ng sau (ghi r iu kin phn ng nu c): d) FeS H2S S Na2S ZnS ZnSO4 SO2 SO3 H2SO4
II- BI TON
BI TON VI 1 CHT 22) Nung 360 (g) FeS2 trong khng kh thu c 264 (g) hn hp rn G. Tnh hiu sut phn ng v th tch SO2 sinh ra (kc). t chy hon ton 12 (g) hn hp G gm C v S thu c 11,2 (l) hn hp kh G. Tnh % v khi lng mi cht trong G v t khi hi ca G i vi hiro. S: 20% ; 80%; M = 56; d = 28 BI TON VI HN HP CHT 23) t chy hon ton 18,8 (g) hn hp A cha H 2S v C3H8O ta thu c 17,92 (l) hn hp CO2 v SO2 .Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A. 24) t chy hon ton hn hp X gm H2S v S ta cn 8,96 (l) O2 thu c 7,84 (l) SO2. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp X, cc kh o kc. 25) un nng mt hn hp gm 6,4 (g) S v 14,3 (g) Zn trong 1 bnh kn. Sau phn ng thu c cht no? Khi lng l bao nhiu? Nu un hn hp trn ngoi khng kh th sau phn ng thu c nhng cht no? Bao nhiu gam? 26) Cho sn phm to thnh khi un nng hn hp G gm 5,6 (g) bt Fe v 1,6 (g) bt lu hunh vo 500 ml dung dch HCl th thu c hn hp kh G bay ra v dung dch A. a) Tnh % v th tch cc kh trong G. b) trung ha axit cn d trong dung dch A cn dng 125 ml dung dch NaOH 2 M. Tnh CM ca dung dch HCl. S: 50% ; 50% ; 0,9 M
BAI TAP TRC NGHIM

1. Cu no sau y din t ng tnh cht ca lu hunh A.Lu hunh ch c tnh oxi ko B.Lu hunh ch c tnh kh C.Lu hunh va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh D.Lu hunh khng c tnh oxi ho v khng c tnh kh GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
46
Chng trnh chun
2. Lu hunh tc dng vi dung dch kim nng: 3S + 6KOH 2K2S + K2SO3 + 3H2O Trong phn ng ny c t l s nguyn t lu hunh b oxi ho : s nguyn t lu hunh b kh l: A. 2:1 B.1:2 C.1:3 D. 2:3 3. ng dng no sau y khng phi ca lu hunh : A. Lm nguyn liu sn xut axit sunfuric B. Lm cht lu ho cao su C. Kh chua t D. iu ch thuc sng en 4. Cho 0.05 mol SO2 hp th ht vo dung dch cha x mol Ca(OH) 2 th c 3,6g kt ta xut hin,gi tr ca x l: A. 0,04 B.0,004 C. 0,003 D. 0,03 5. Nhn bit cc kh ng trong cc l mt nhn sau: O 2, Cl2, HCl, O3, SO2 A.Kh clo mu vng ,qu tm, dung dch KI, dung dch nc Brom B. Kh clo mu vng , dung dch KI, dung dch nc brom,qu tm C. Kh clo mu vng,tn m , dung dch KI, dung dch nc brom
Bi 32: HIRO
SUNFUA LU HUNH IOXIT LU HUNH TRIOXIT
TOM TT LY THUYT
1. HIDROSUNFUA (H2S) la chat kh manh v trong H 2S lu huynh co so oxi hoa thap nhat (-2), tac dung hau het cac chat oxihoa tao san pham ng vi soh cao hn. TAC DUNG OXI cothe tao S hoac SO 2 tuy lng oxi va cach tien hanh phan ng. 2H2S + 3O2 2H2O + 2SO2 (d oxi, ot chay) 2H2S + O2 2H2O + 2S (Dung dch H2S trong khong kh hoac lam lanh ngon la H 2S ang chay) TAC DUNG VI CLO co the tao S hay H2SO4 tuy ieu kien phan ng H2S + 4Cl2 + 4H2O 8HCl + H2SO4 H2S + Cl2 2 HCl + S (kh clo gap kh H2S) DUNG DCH H2S CO TNH AXIT YEU : Khi tac dung dung dch kiem co the tao muoi axit hoac muoi trung hoa
t 0 tthap
t0
47
1:1 H2S + NaOH NaHS + H2O 1:2 H2S + 2NaOH Na2S + 2H2O 2. LU HUYNH (IV) OXIT cong thc hoa hoc SO2, ngoai ra co cac ten goi khac la lu huynh dioxit hay kh sunfur, hoac anhidrit sunfur.
Vi so oxi hoa trung gian +4 ( S O2). Kh SO2 va la chat kh, va la chat oxi hoa va la mot oxit axit. SO2 LA CHAT KH ( S S + 2e) Khi gap chat oxi hoa manh nh O2, Cl2, Br2 : kh SO2 ong vai tro la chat kh.
+ 4 + 6
+ 4
2 S O2
+4
+ 4
O2
V2O5 4500
2SO3
+6
S O 2 + Cl2
+ 2H2O
2HCl + H2 S O 4
+ 4 0 S ) Khi tac
SO2 LA CHAT OXI HOA ( S + 4e dung chat kh manh

+4 +4
S O 2 + 2H2S 2H2O + 3 S SO2

+ Mg

MgO
nNaOH nSO2
Ngoai ra SO2 la mot oxit axit:

1:1 SO2 + NaOH NaHSO3 (
1)
nNaOH nSO2
1:2 SO2 + 2 NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O (
2)
Neu 1<
nNaOH nSO2
< 2 th tao ra ca hai muoi
mol NaHSO3 : x Na SO : y mol 2 3 3. LU HUYNH (VI) OXIT cong thc hoa hoc SO3, ngoai ra con ten goi khac lu huynh tri oxit, anhidrit sunfuric. La mot oxit axit TAC DUNG VI H2O tao axit sunfuric SO3 + H2O H2SO4 + Q SO3 tan vo han trong H2SO4 tao oleum : H2SO4.nSO3
GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
48
TAC DUNG BAZ tao muoi SO3 + 2 NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O
Chng trnh chun
49

I- BI TP L THUYT
Dng 1: Vit PTHH (ghi r iu kin p nu c) nhm: Dng 1.a) Chng minh tnh cht (oxi ha, kh) 1) Vit 4 phng trnh chng minh SO2 va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh. 2) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng chng t H 2S l mt axit yu nhng l cht kh mnh. 3) Vit 3 pt chng minh SO 2 l mt cht kh, 1 pt chng minh SO 2 l mt cht oxi ha, 2 pt chng minh SO2 l mt oxit axit. Dng 1.b) Phn ng gia cc cht 4) Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho kh Sunfur tc dng vi : H 2S, O2, CaO, dung dch NaOH, dung dch Brm. Hy cho bit tnh cht ca kh Sunfur trong tng phn ng . 5) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho cc cht nhm A {KOH; FeO; CaSO3; BaCl2; Zn} tc dng vi cc cht nhm B {dd HCl, SO 2, SO3}. Dng 1.d) iu ch ha cht 6) iu ch SO2 t Cu, Na2SO3. 7) Trnh by hai phng php iu ch Hidrsufua t cc cht sau: S, Fe, axit HCl. Dng 2: Phn bit, nhn bit, tch v tinh ch cc cht 8) Bng phng php ho hc hy phn bit cc kh sau: O 2, O3, H2S, SO2. 9) Kh H2 c ln tp cht H2S. C th dng dung dch no sau y loi H2S: NaOH; HCl; Pb(NO3)2; Br2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 10) Nu dng FeS c ln Fe iu ch H 2S th c tp cht no trong H2S? Nu cch nhn ra tp cht . 11) Bng phng php ha hc phn bit cc cht sau: a) dd : BaCl2, Na2SO3, K2S, KNO3 b) dd: NaCl, KOH, CuSO3 c) dd: HCl, H2SO4, NaCl, Ba(OH)2, Ca(NO3)2 d). Kh : Cl2, SO2, CO2 Dng 3: Gii thch hin tng ha hc 12) Ti sao khi iu ch H2S ta khng dng mui sunfua ca Pb, Cu, Ag? 13) Dn kh clo vo dung dch Na 2CO3 c kh CO2 thot ra, nu thay kh clo bng: SO2, SO3, H2S th c hin tng nh th khng?
Trng: THPT Nguyen
50 II- BI TON
Chng trnh chun
BI TON VI 1 CHT Dang toan kh SO2 tac dng vi dung dch baz kim. Phng php: B1: tnh nSO2 ; nbazo nOH B2: Lp t l T =
nOH nSO2
+ Nu T 1: sp to thnh l mui hidrosunfit (cha gc HSO 3-); SO2 d hoc va + Nu 1< T <2: sp to thnh l hn hp 2 mui: hidrosunfit (cha gc HSO 3-) v sunfit (cha gc SO32-); c SO2 v baz u p ht + Nu T 2: sp to thnh l mui sunfit (cha gc SO 32-); baz d hoc va . B3: Vit pthh B4: Th s mol cht ht vo pthhtnh theo yu cu ca bi Trng hp to 2 mui : t x, y ln lt l s mol ca 2 mui lp h pt i s v gii tm n yu cu bi ton 14) Cho 5,6 lit kh SO2 (kc) vao: a) 400 ml dung dch KOH 1,5 M. b) 250 ml dung dch NaOH 0,8 M. c) 200 ml dung dch KOH 2 M. Tnh nong o cac chat trong dung dch thu c . d) 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 ta c 44,125 (g) hon hp BaSO3 va Ba(HCO3)2. Tnh nong o dung dch Ba(OH)2. 15) ot chay hoan toan 8,98 lit H 2S (kc) roi hoa tan tat ca san pham sinh ra vao 80 ml dung dch NaOH 25% ( d= 1,28 g/ml). Tnh C% cua dung dch muoi thu c. 16) ot chay hoan toan 12,8 gr lu huynh. Kh sinh ra c hap thu het bi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d= 1,28 g/ml). Tm CM, C% cua cac chat trong dung dch thu c sau phan ng. S: Na2SO3 : 2,67 M ; 23,2%. NaOH : 2,67 M ; 7,35%. BI TON VI HN HP CHT 17) Co 20,16 (l) (kc) hon hp gom H 2S va O2 trong bnh kn, biet ty khoi hon hp so vi hiro la 16,22.
51
a) Tm thanh phan the tch cua hon hp kh. b) ot chay hoan toan hon hp tren, san pham cua phan ng c hoa tan vao 94,6 (ml) nc. Tnh CM, C% cua cac chat co trong dung dch thu c. S: a. H2S = 4,48 lit ; O2 = 15,68 lit . b. 2,1 M ; 15%.
BAI TAP TRC NGHIM

6. Cho s phn ng : X + Br2 + H2O H2SO4 + . Th X l: A.SO3 B. SO2 C. H2S D. B,C u ng 7. Tnh cht no sau y khng phi ca lu hunh A. Cht rn vng gin B. Khng tan trong nc C. C nhit nong chy thp hn nhit si ca nc D. Tan nhiu trong ancoletylic 8. So snh tnh cht ho hc c bn ca lu hunh v oxi ta c : A. Tnh oxi ho ca oxi yu hn ca lu hunh B. Tnh kh ca lu hunh mnh hn ca oxi C. Kh nng oxi ho ca oxi bng lu hunh D. Kh nng kh ca oxi bng lu hunh 9. Cho cc phn ng sau : S + O2 SO2 (1) S + H2 H2S (2) S + 3F2 SF6 (3) S + 2K K2S (4) S ng vai tr cht kh trong nhng phn ng no A. Ch c (1) B. (2) v (4) C. ch c (3) D. (1) v (3) 10. Da vo s oxi ho ca lu hunh ,kt lun no sau y l ng v tnh cht ho hc c bn ca H2S A. C tnh kh B. C tnh oxi ho C. va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh D. Khng c tnh kh v tnh oxi ho 11. tch kh H2S ra khi hn hp vi kh HCl ,ngi ta dn hn hp qua dung dch A ly d.Dung dch l: A. Dung dch Pb(NO3)2 B. Dung dch AgNO3 C. Dung dch NaOH C. Dung dch NaHS 12. Bc tip xc vi khng kh c H2S b bin i thnh Ag2S c mu en 4Ag + 2H2S + O2 2Ag2S + 2H2O Cu no sau y din t ng tnh cht ca cc cht phn ng A. Ag l cht kh, H2S l cht oxi ho B. Ag l cht kh, O2 l cht oxi ho C. Ag l cht oxi ho, H2S l cht kh D. Ag l cht oxi ho, O2 l cht kh GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
52
Chng trnh chun
13. C 4 dung dch long ca cc mui NaCl, KNO 3, Pb(NO3)2, CuSO4,FeCl2. Khi cho dung dch Na2S vo cc dung dch mui trn, c bao nhiu trng hp phn ng sinh kt ta A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 14. Cho hn hp gm 11,2gam Fe v 8,8g FeS tc dng vi dung dch HCl.Kh sinh ra sc qua dung dch Pb(NO 3)2 d thy xut hin a gam kt ta mu en. Kt qu no sau y ng A. a = 11,95g B.a= 23,90g C. a = 57,8g D. a =71,7g 15. Tnh cht no sau y khng ph hp vi SO2 A. SO2 l cht kh khng mu,c mi hc B. SO2 nng hn khng kh C. SO2 tan nhiu trong nc nhiu hn HCl D. SO2 ho lng -10oC 16. Khi tc dng vi KMnO4, nc Brom, dung dch K2Cr2O7, SO2 ng vai tr A. Cht kh B. Cht oxi ho C. Oxit axit D. va oxi ho va kh 17. Khi tc dng vi H2S,Mg, SO2 ng vai tr l cht g: A. Cht kh B. Cht oxi ho C. Oxit axit D. va l cht kh va l cht oxi ho 18. Khi cho SO2 sc qua dung dch X n d thy xut hin kt ta mu trng sau kt ta tan. X l dung dch no trong cc dung dch sau: A. Dung dch NaOH B. Dung dch Ba(OH)2 C. Dung dch Ca(HCO3)2 D. Dung dch H2S 19. Trong cc cht: Na2SO3,CaSO3,Na2S, Ba(HSO3)2,FeS, c bao nhiu cht khi tc dng vi HCl to kh SO2
A. 2 cht ` B.3 cht C.4 cht 20. Tnh cht vt l no khng ph hp vi SO3 D. 5 cht
A. iu kin thng ,SO3l cht lng khng mu B. SO3 tan v hn trong nc C. SO3 khng tan trong H2SO4 D. Hi SO3 nng hn khng kh 21. Phn ng no sau y th hin ng dng quan trng nht ca SO 3 A. SO3 + H2O H2SO4 B. SO3 + CaO CaSO4 C.2SO3 2SO2 + O2 D. SO3 + NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O 22. Cho 8,5g H2S hp th hon ton vo 300ml dung dch KOH 1M,sn phm thu c l: A. 0,05 mol K2S v 0,2 mol KHS B. 0,25 mol K2S v 0,2 mol KHS C. 0,3 mol KHS D. 0,25 mol K2S
53
Bi 33: AXIT SUNFURIC TOM TT LY THUYT
MUI SUNFAT
I. AXIT SUNFURIC : H2SO4 * HA TNH : a). H2SO4 long l 1 axit mnh - Qu tm ha - Tc dng vi baz, oxit baz H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O H2SO4 + CuO CuSO4 + H2O - Tc dng vi kim loi (trc H2) H2SO4 + Fe FeSO4 + H2 - Tc dng vi mui (sn phm c hoc ) H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2HCl H2SO4 + Na2SO3 Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O H2SO4 + CaCO3 CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O b). H2SO4 c l 1 cht oxi ha mnh. - Tc dng vi kim loi (tr Au, Pt)
SO 2 Muo i sunfat +H O H2SO4 + KL S +(ho 2 a tr caonha t cu aKL) H 2S
VD: 2H2SO4 + Cu CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O 6H2SO4 + 2Fe Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O 4H2SO4 + 2Al Al2(SO4)3 + S + 4H2O 5H2SO4 + 4Mg 4MgSO4 + H2S + 4H2O - Tc dng vi phi kim 2H2SO4 + C CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O 2H2SO4 + S 3SO2 + 2H2O 5H2SO4 + 2P 2H3PO4 + 5SO2 + 2H2O - Tc dng vi hp cht kh : (H2S, HBr, HI, FeO) H2SO4 + H2S S + SO2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O - Tnh ho nc: V bo, ng, + H2SO4 C + H2SO4.nH2O II. MUI SUNFAT - Mui axit : NaHSO4 (Natri hirosunfat) - Mui trung ha : Na2SO4 (Natri sunfat) - Hu ht cc mui sunfat u tan trong nc tr BaSO 4 (trng), PbSO4 (trng) khng tan, CaSO4 (trng) t tan. Nhn bit gc sunfat (SO42-): dng dung dch BaCl2 (hoc Ba(NO3)2, Ba(OH)2, ) c hin tng trng. GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
54
H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + HCl Na2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 + 2NaNO3 (Trng) BaSO4 khng tan trong axit. SN XUT H2SO4 4FeS2 + 11O2
Chng trnh chun
III.
t
o
2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 + Q
2 5 2SO3 + Q 2SO2 + O2
V O ,450o C
SO3 + H2O H2SO4.

BI TP L THUYT
Dng 1: Vit PTHH (ghi r iu kin p nu c) nhm: Dng 1.a) Chng minh tnh cht (oxi ha, kh) 1) So sanh tnh chat cua dd HCl va dd H2SO4 loang. 2) Neu tnh chat hoa hoc giong va khac nhau cua H2SO4 loang va H2SO4 ac. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng e minh hoa, t o rut ra ket luan g oi vi tnh chat hoa hoc cua H 2SO4 3) iu ch mt axit ta thng dng nguyn tc: dng mt axit mnh y axt yu ra khi mui, nhng cng c trng hp ngc li, hy chng minh. Dng 1.b) Phn ng gia cc cht 4) Viet phng trnh phan ng(neu co) khi cho H 2SO4 loang tac dung vi: Mg, Cu, CuO, NaCl, CaCO 3, FeS, Zn, Ag, Fe2O3, KNO3, Na2CO3, CuS. 5) Viet phng trnh phan ng khi H 2SO4 loang va H2SO4 ac nong tac dung vi cac chat sau: Fe, Cu, FeO, Na2CO3. T cac phan ng tren rut ra ket luan g vi axit sunfuric. 6) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng khi cho H 2SO4 ac nong tac dung vi: Cu, S, NaCl, FeS. 7) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho cc cht nhm A {KOH; FeO; CaSO3; BaCl2; Zn} tc dng vi cc cht nhm B {dd HCl; H2SO4 long; H2SO4 , nng; dd CuSO4}. 8) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng sau (nu c): a) Bari + H2SO4 long b) Al + H2SO4 long Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...
55
c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) m) n) o) p) q) r) s) t) u) v)
Cu + H2SO4 , nng Fe + H2SO4 long Fe + H2SO4 , nng Zn + H2SO4 , nng Bari clorua + H2SO4 Cu + H2SO4 long Ag + H2SO4 , nng Ag + H2SO4 long Cu + H2SO4 , ngui Al + H2SO4, ngui Ch nitrat + H2SO4 Natri clorua + H2SO4 , nng Mg + H2SO4 (S+6 b kh xung S-2 ) Zn + H2SO4 (S+6 b kh xung S0 ) C + H2SO4 , nng Fe2O3 + H2SO4 , nng Fe3O4 + H2SO4 long Fe3O4 + H2SO4 , nng FeO + H2SO4 long FeO + H2SO4 , nng
Dng 1.c) Hon thnh dy chuyn ha 9) Hon thnh chui: ZnS SO2 H2S Na2S NaHS Na2SO4. 10) Hon thnh s bin ho sau: S FeS SO2 Na2SO3 NaHSO3 BaSO3 11) Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng: a) FeS2 SO2 SO3 H2SO4 CuSO4 CuCl2 AgCl Cl2 Kaliclorat. b) Na2S CuS SO2 H2SO4 Na2SO4 NaCl HCl Cl2. c) FeS H2S FeS Fe2O3 FeCl3 Fe2SO4 FeCl3 d) Km Km sunfua Hidrsunfua Lu hunh Kh sufur Caxisunfit Dng 1.d) iu ch ha cht 12) a) T S, Fe, HCl nu 2 phng php iu ch H2S. b) T FeS2, NaCl, H2O, khng kh, cht xc tc c , iu ch cc cht sau: FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3, Na2SO4, nc Javel, Na2SO3, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3. c) T NaCl, H2SO4, Fe, Cu, H2S, H2O iu ch : NaOH, FeCl 3, Fe2(SO4)3, FeSO4, CuCl2, CuSO4. 13) Vit phng trnh iu ch H2SO4 t qung pyrit. 14) T S, KCl, Al2O3 v H2O hy iu ch KOH, KClO 3, AlCl3, phn n, phn kp? GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
56
Chng trnh chun
15) T qung pyrit st, mui n v nc, vit phng trnh iu ch: Fe(OH)3, Na2SO3, NaSO4. 16) T qung pyrit st, mui n, khng kh, nc, khng kh; hy vit phng trnh iu ch: Fe2(SO4)3, Na2SO4, nc Javen, Na2SO3, Fe(OH)3, Natri, Natriclorat, NaHSO4, NaHSO3. 17) T mui n, nc, H2SO4 c. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (ghi iu kin phn ng nu c) iu ch: Kh Cl 2, H2S, SO2 , nc Javen, Na2SO4 18) T qung pyrit st, mui n v nc, vit phng trnh iu ch: Fe(OH)3, Na2SO3, NaSO4. 19) T qung pyrit st, mui n, khng kh, nc, khng kh; hy vit phng trnh iu ch: Fe2(SO4)3, Na2SO4, nc Javen, Na2SO3, Fe(OH)3, Natri, Natriclorat, NaHSO4, NaHSO3. 20) T piryt st, khng kh, nc, mui n (iu kin v cht xc tc c ); hy iu ch: Fe2(SO4)3, FeCl3. Dng 2: Phn bit, nhn bit, tch v tinh ch cc cht 21) Bang pp hoa hoc hay phan biet cac dd sau: a) KCl, K2CO3, MgSO4, Mg(NO3)2. b) Na2SO4, NaNO3, Na2CO3, NaCl. c) Na2SO3, Na2S, NaCl, NaNO3. d) HCl, H2SO4, BaCl2, Na2CO3. e) AgNO3, Na2CO3, NaCl, K2SO4. f) HCl, H2SO4, BaCl2, K2CO3. g) Na2SO4, Na2CO3, BaCl2, NaNO3, AgNO3. h) HCl, Na2SO4, NaCl, Ba(OH)2. 22) Phn bit cc l mt nhn sau: a) Dung dch : NaOH, H2SO4, HCl, BaCl2. b) Dung dch : H2SO4, HCl, NaCl, Na2SO4. c) Dung dch : KCl, Na2CO3, NaI, CuSO4, BaCl2. d) Dung dch : Ca(NO3)2, K2SO4; K2CO3, NaBr. e) Dung dch : NaCl, NaNO3, Na2CO3, Na2SO4. f) Dung dch : Na2SO3, Na2CO3, NaCl, MgSO4, NaNO3. g) Dung dch : I2, Na2SO4, KCl, KI, Na2S. h) Bt : Na2CO3, CaCO3, BaSO4, Na2SO4. i) Bt : Na2S. Na2SO3, Na2SO4, BaSO4. 23) Phn bit cc kh mt nhn sau: a) O2, SO2, Cl2, CO2. b) Cl2, SO2, CO2, H2S, O2, O3. c) SO2, CO2, H2S, H2, N2, Cl2, O2. d) O2, H2, CO2, HCl.
57
24) Mt dung dch cha 2 cht tan : NaCl v Na 2SO4.Lm th no tch thnh dung dch ch cha NaCl. 25) a) Mui NaCl c ln tp cht Na 2CO3. Lm th no c NaCl tinh khit. b) Tinh ch H2SO4 c ln HCl. 26) a) Nu trong BaSO4 c ln tp cht l BaCl 2 lm th no nhn ra tp cht . Vit phng trnh phan ng xy ra. b) Tinh ch NaCl c ln NaBr, NaI, NaOH. Dng 3: Gii thch hin tng ha hc 27) Ti sao iu ch Hidrsunfua t sunfua kim loi th ta thng dng axit HCl m khng dng H2SO4 m c? 28) Ti sao pha long axit H2SO4 ta phi cho t t H2SO4 vo nc v khuy iu m khng lm ngc li.
II- BI TON
BI TON VI 1 CHT 29) Ha tan hon ton Vlt kh SO 2 (kc) vo nc, cho nc brm vo dung dch n khi brm khng cn mt mu th tip tc cho dung dch BaCl2 vo n d, lc ly kt ta cn c 1,165g. Tnh V lt kh SO2. 30) Cho Hidroxit ca kim loi ho tr II tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4 20% th thu c dung dch mui c nng 24,12%. Xc nh cng thc hidroxit. 31) 2,8 gam Oxit ca kim loi ho tr II tc dng va ht vi 0,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 1M. Xc nh Oxit . 32) Cho 4,8g Mg tc dng vi 250ml dung dch H 2SO4 10%(d= 1,176g/ml) thu c kh H2 v dung dch A. 33) Cho dung dch H2SO4 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH. Sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu c 7,2 gam mui axit v 56,8 gam mui trung ho.Xc nh lng H2SO4 v NaOH ly. 34) Dn kh hiro sunfua vo 66,2 (g) dung dch Pb(NO 3)2 th thu c 4,78 (g) kt ta. Tnh C% ca dung dch mui ch ban u. 35) Cho 855 (g) dung dch Ba(OH) 2 20% vo 500 (g) dung dch H2SO4. Lc b kt ta, trung ho nc lc, ngi ta phi dng 200 (ml) dung dch 2,5 (M). Tnh C% ca dung dch H2SO4. S: 24,5%. 36) t chy hon ton 8,98 lit H 2S (kc) ri ho tan tt c sn phm sinh ra vo 80 ml dung dch NaOH 25% ( d= 1,28 g/ml). Tnh C% ca dung dch mui thu c. 37) t chy hon ton 12,8 gr lu hunh. Kh sinh ra c hp th ht bi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d= 1,28 g/ml). Tm C M, C% ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng. S: Na2SO3 : 2,67 M ; 23,2%. NaOH : 2,67 M ; 7,35%. GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
58
Chng trnh chun
38) t chy hon ton 6,72 lit ( kc) H2S. a) Tnh lng SO2 thu c. b) Cho lng SO2 ni trn i qua 37,5 ml dung dch NaOH 25% (d=1,28) th mui g to thnh. Tnh C% mui trong dung dch thu c . c) Nu cho lng SO2 thu c trn a) i vo 500 ml dung dch KOH 1,6 M th c mui g c to thnh .Tnh C M cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng. S: a. 19,2 gr ; b. 46.43% ; c. 0,6 M ; 0,4M. 39) Chia 600 ml dung dch H2SO4 thnh 3 phn u nhau.Dng 250ml dung dch NaOH 25% (d=1,28) th trung ho 1 phn ca dung dch. a) Tm CM ca dung dch H2SO4. b) Hai phn cn li ca dung dch H2SO4 c rt vo 600 ml dung dch NaOH 5M.Tm CM ca cc cht c trong dung dch thu c . S: a. 5M b. NaHSO4 1M c. Na2SO4 1M. 40) Ho tan 4,8 gr mt kim loi M ho tr II va tc dng vi 392 gr dung dch H2SO4 10%. Xc nh M. 41) Cho 5,6 lit kh SO2 (kc) vo: d) 400 ml dung dch KOH 1,5 M. e) 250 ml dung dch NaOH 0,8 M. f) 200 ml dung dch KOH 2 M. Tnh nng cc cht trong dung dch thu c . d) 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 ta c 44,125 (g) hn hp BaSO 3 v Ba(HCO3)2. Tnh nng dung dch Ba(OH)2. BI TON VI HN HP CHT 46) C 20,16 (l) (kc) hn hp gm H 2S v O2 trong bnh kn, bit t khi hn hp so vi hiro l 16,22. a) Tm thnh phn th tch ca hn hp kh. b) t chy hon ton hn hp trn, sn phm ca phn ng c ho tan vo 94,6 (ml) nc. Tnh C M, C% ca cc cht c trong dung dch thu c. S: a. H2S = 4,48 lit ; O2 = 15,68 lit . b. 2,1 M ; 15%. 47) Cho 25,38 (g) BaSO4 c ln BaCl2. Sau khi lc b cht rn, ngi ta cho vo nc lc dung dch H 2SO4 1 (M) n th thu c 2,33 (g) kt ta. a) Tm % khi lng BaCl2. b) Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4. S: a. 8,2% b. 0,01 lit 48) Cho 40 gr hn hp A cha Cu v Al tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 d thu c 22,4 lit kh (kc). Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi? Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...
59
49) Cho 36 gr hn hp X cha Fe 2O3 v CuO tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO420% thu c 80 gr hn hp mui. a) Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong hn hp X. b) Tnh khi lng dung dch H2SO4 dng. S: a. 44,4% ; 55,6% b. mdd = 269,5gr. 50) Cho 6,8 gr hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch H 2SO4 long th thu c 3,36 lit kh bay ra (kc). a) Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong X? b) Nu cho hn hp trn tc dng vi H 2SO4 , nng.Tnh VSO2 (kc)? S: a. 17,65% ; 82,35% ; VSO2 = 4,48 lit. 51) Cho 35,2 gr hn hp X gm Fe v CuO tc dng va vi 800 gr dung dch H2SO4 long th thu c 4,48 lit kh (kc) v dung dch A. a) Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong X. b) Tnh C% dung dch H2SO4 dng. c) Tnh khi lng cc mui trong dung dch A. S: a. Fe :31,82% ; CuO : 68,18%. b. C% = 6,125. c. mFeSO4 = 30,4 g : mCuSO4 = 48 g. 52) Cho m(gr) hn hp X gm Al, Fe tc dng vi 250 ml dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 72,2 gr hn hp mui v 12,32 lit kh (kc). a. Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X. b. Tnh CM dung dch H2SO4 dng. S: a. Al : 27,84% ; Fe :71,26%. b.CM = 2,2 M. 53) Cho 55 gr hn hp 2 mui Na2SO3 v Na2CO3 tc dng ht vi H2SO4 long thu c hn hp kh A c t khi hi i vi hiro l 24.Tnh % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u. S: 22,9% ; 77,1% 54) Cho m(gr) hn hp G cha Mg v ZnS tc dng 250 gr dung dch H2SO4 c 34,51 gr hn hp kh A gm H 2 v H2S c t khi hi so vi oxi l 0,8. a.Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong G. b.Tnh nng dung dch axit dng. S: a. 8,03 ; 91,97 b. 9,016%. 55) Cho 40 gr hn hp Fe Cu tc dng va vi dung dch H 2SO4 98% nng thu c 15,68 lit SO2 (kc). a.Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp? b.Tnh khi lng dung dch H2SO4 dng? 56) Cho 20,8 gr hn hp Cu v CuO tc dng va dung dch H2SO4 , nng thu c 4,48 lit kh (kc). a. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp? GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
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sinh ra.
Chng trnh chun
b.Tnh khi lng dung dch H2SO4 80% cn dng v khi lng mui 57) Nung nng hn hp gm 11,2 gr bt Fe v 3,2 gr bt lu hunh. Cho sn phm to thnh vo 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 th thu c hn hp kh A bay ra v dung dch B( Hp = 100%). a. Tm % th tch ca hn hp A. b. trung ha dung dch B phi dng 200 ml dung dch KOH 2M.Tm CM ca dung dch H2SO4 dng. S: a. H2S: 50%; H2: 50%. b. 2M. 58) Cho 12,6 gr hn hp A cha Mg v Al c trn theo t l mol 3:2 tc dng va vi dung dch H 2SO4 c, nng thu c kh SO 2 (kc). a. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A? b. Tnh VSO2 ( 270 C; 5 atm). c. Cho ton b kh SO 2 trn vo 400 ml dung dch NaOH 2,5 M. Tnh CM cc cht trong dung dch thu c. S: a. 57,14% ; 42,86%. 2,95 lit. 59) Cho 7,6 gr hn hp gm Fe, Mg, Cu vo dung dch H 2SO4 , ngui d th thu c 6,16 lit kh SO 2 (kc). Phn khng tan cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 1,12 lit kh (kc).Tnh % khi lng hn hp u. S: Fe : 36,8% ; Mg : 31,58% ; Cu: 31,62%. 60) Cho 10,38 gr hn hp gm Fe, Al v Ag chia lm 2 phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: Tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c 2,352 lit khi (kc). - Phn 2: Tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 , nng d thu c 2,912lit kh SO2 (kc). Tnh khi lng tng kim loi trong hn hp ban u. S: mFe = 3,36 gr ; mAl = 2,7 gr ; mAg = 4,32 gr. 61) Cho 20,4 gr hn hp X gm Fe, Zn, Al tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 10,08 lit H2 (kc). Mt khc cho 0,2 mol X tc dng va vi 6,16 lit Cl2 (kc).Tnh khi lng mi kim loi.
BAI TAP TRC NGHIM

1. C th nhn bit cc dung dch BaCl2, Na2SO3, K2S,K2SO4, bng mt ho cht l : A.HCl B.H2SO4 C. Pb(NO3)2 D. AgNO3 2. nhn bit 4 l mt nhn ng cc dung dch sau :HCl, H 2SO4, BaCl2, K2CO3 cn t nht bao nhiu thuc th A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D.4
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3. Dung dch H2SO4 35% (d= 1,4g/ml).Tnh nng mol /l ca dung dch ny: A. 5 B.6 C.7 D.8 4.Khi cho H2SO4 c tc dng vi Natriclorrua rn trong iu kin bnh thng v nhit v p sut ,sn phm thu c l: A. mt mui axit v 1 mui trung ho B. Mt mui , mt baz v mt nc C. Mt mui trung ho v mt nc D. Mt mui axit v 1 kh c tnh axit 5. Trn dung dch A cha BaCl 2 v NaCl vo 100ml dung dch H 2SO4 2M thu c 34,95g kt ta v dung dch B.Cho dung dch AgNO 3 d vo dung dch B thu oc 71,75g kt ta.Khi lng cc mui trong dung dch A l: A. 31,2g BaCl2 v 11,7g NaCl B. 30,2gBaCl2 v 12,7g NaCl C. 32g BaCl2 v 14g NaCl D. 25g BaCl2 v 13g NaCl 6. Kh sunfur c iu ch t A. Cu + H2SO4 B. Na2SO4 + HCl C. PbS + O2 D. Tt c u ng 7. Cp cht no sau y c th tn ti trong 1 hn hp nhit thng A. Cl2 v H2S B.SO2 v O3 C.SO3 v O2 D. Na2CO3 v H2SO3 8. Nhm no sau y u tc dng vi H2SO4 long A. Al,Zn, Cu B. C, FeO, BaCl2 C. MgO, O2,NaOH D.Ca(OH)2, CuSO4,CaO 9. Nhm no sau y u tc dng vi H2SO4 c A. S,Fe2O3, Fe2(SO4)3 B. C,FeO, BaCl2 C. MgO,O2, NaOH D. Ca(OH)2,CuSO4,CaO 10. Cho s phn ng : X + Br2 + H2O Fe2(SO4)3 + .th X l: A. SO3 B. SO3 C. H2S D. B,C u ng 11. ChoH2SO4 c tc dng vi 58,5g NaCl c un nng nh, ho tan kh to thnh vo 146g H2O.Tnh C% ca dung dch thu c A. 25% B. 28% C. 20% D. 30% 12. Cho 1 dung dch cha ng thi HCl v H 2SO4. Cho 200g dung dch tc dng vi BaCl2 d th to thnh 46,6g kt ta.Lc b kt ta trung ho dung dch nc lc cn phi dng 0,5 lit dung dch NaOH 1,6M.Tnh C % ca HCl A.7,5% B. 7,3% C. 7,35% D. 7% 13. Ho tan m(g) 1 kim loi bng dung dch H 2SO4 long ri c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 5m(g) mui khan th kim loi trn l: A. Mg B. Cu C. Zn D. Fe 14. Xt s chuyn ho: FeS2A BH2SO4 CBaS C Cc cht A,B, C l: A.SO2, SO3,H2S B. SO2, , SO3,C uSO4 GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
62
Chng trnh chun
C. SO2, , S,C uSO4 D. C B, C u ng 15. Axitsunfuric c phn ng c vi : 1. ng 2. 1 s mui 3. Baz 4. cacbon 5. Bc 6. Barisunfat 7. Oxit lng tnh 8. Hiroclorua 9. ng sunfat Nhng no ng A. 2,3,7 B. 1,2,3,4,5,7 C. 6,8,9 D. Tt c u ng 16. Khi ho tan 11,2g Fe vo 200ml dung dch H 2SO4 long 1,2M.Th tch H2 thu c (ktc) l: A. 5,376 lit B. 5,6lit C. 4.48 lit D. 2,24lit 17. Cho 200g dung dch BaCl2 10,4% tc dng vi 200ml dung dch H2SO4 2M th thu c khi lng kt ta l bao nhiu: A. 2,33g B.9,32g C. 23,3g D. 93,2g 18. Nhm cc cht no sau y u tc dng c vi dung dch H 2SO4 long A. Fe, CuO, Cu(OH)2, BaCl2, NaCl B.FeO, Cu, Cu(OH)2, BaCl2,Na2CO3 C. Fe2O3,Cu(OH)2, Zn, Na2SO3,Ba(NO3)2 D. Fe(OH)3, Ag,CuO, KHCO3, MgS 19. Nhm cc kim loi sau y u b th ng ho trong H2SO4 c ngui A. Cu, Fe, Al B. Al,Fe, Cr C. Al,Cu,Pt D. Fe, Ag, Au 20. Cho phn ng sau: H2SO4 + HI H2S + I2 + H2O H s cn bng ca cc cht trong pn ng ln lt l: A.1,8,1,4,4 B. 2,8,2,4,4 C. 1,2,1,1,3 D. 1,2,1,2,1
CHNG 7: TC PHN NG V CN BNG HO HC

TOM TT LY THUYT
1/ NH NGHA vn tc phn ng ho hc l bin thin nng ca cht quan xc trong mt n v thi gian c n v mol /lit.s
V=
C1: nng ban u C2 : nng sau (t) giy 2/ CC YU T NH HNG N VN TC PHN NG. Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...
C t
C C 2 mol/lit.s hay V = 1 t
63
- Vn tc phn ng ha hc ph thuc vo bn cht ca nhng cht tham gia phn ng v ph thuc vo cc iu kin nng , nhit , cht xc tc v kch thc cc cht. 3/ PHN NG THUN NGHCH : Nhng phn ng ha hc xy ra theo 2 chiu ngc nhau cng iu kin gi l phn ng thun nghch. SO2 + O2 SO3 4/ CN BNG HA HC : Cn bng ha hc l trng thi ca hn hp cc cht phn ng khi tc ca phn ng thun bng tc ca phn ng nghch. 5/ S CHUYEN DCH CAN BANG HOA HOC S chuyen dch can bang hoa hoc la s di chuyen t trang thai can bang nay sang trang thai can bang khac do s tac ong cua cac yeu to ben ngoai len can bang. 6/ CAC YEU TO ANH HNG EN CAN BANG HOA HOC Nguyen l L Sa t- ri-e: Mot phan ng ang trang thai can bang chu mot tac ong ben ngoai nh bien oi nong o, ap suat, nhiet o, th can bang chuyen dch chieu lam giam tac ong ben ngoai o 1. Anh hng cua nong o. Khi tang nong o mot chat th can bang hoa hoc se chuyen dch ve pha lam giam nong o cua chat o. Khi giam nong o mot chat th can bang hoa hoc se chuyen dch ve pha lam tang nong o cua chat o. Chu y: Neu he p/ co chat ran th viec them hoac bt khong anh hng en can bang hoa hoc 2. Anh hng cua ap suat Khi tang ap suat, th can bang chuyen dch theo chieu lam giam s mol kh Khi giam ap suat, th can bang chuyen dch theo chieu lam tng s mol kh Chu y: Neu so mol kh 2 ve phan ng bang nhau th ap suat khong anh hng va khong lam chuyen dch s can bang. V du: H2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI(k) Fe2O3 + 3CO (k) 2Fe + 3CO2 (k) GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
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Chng trnh chun
3. Anh hng cua nhiet o: Khi tang nhiet o, can bang chuyen dch theo chieu phan ng thu nhiet (H >0) Khi giam nhiet o, can bang chuyen dch theo chieu phan ng toa nhiet (H <0) Chat xuc tac khong anh hng en chuyen dch can bang hoa hoc

1) Cn bng ca phn ng sau s chuyn dch v pha no khi: Tng nhit ca h. H p sut ca h . Tng nng cc cht tham gia phn ng.
2 NH3 + Q. a) N2 + 3H2
b) CaCO3 c) N2 + O2
CaO + CO2 Q. 2NO + Q.
H2O + CO Q. d) CO2 + H2 C2H5OH + Q. e) C2H4 + H2O

f) 2NO + O2 g) Cl2 + H2 h) 2SO3
2NO2 + Q. 2HCl + Q.
2SO2 + O2 Q. 2SO3 + 44 Kcal. 2) Cho 2SO2 + O2
Cho bit cn bng ca phn ng chuyn dch theo chiu no khi: a. Tng nhit ca h. b. Tng nng ca O2 ln gp i .
2 HI. 3) Cho H2 + I2
Vn tc phn ng thay i th no khi nng ca hiro tng gp hai ln.
CO + H2O c thit lp t 0C khi 4) Cn bng phn ng CO2 + H2 nng cc cht trng thi cn bng nh sau: [ CO2] = 0,2 M; [H2] = 0,8 M ; [CO] =0,3 M; [H2O] = 0,3 M. a) Tnh hng s cn bng? b) Tnh nng H2, CO2 ban u.
65
5) Xt phn ng : 3O2 = 2O3 Nng ban u ca oxi l 0,024mol/l, sau 5 giy, nng ca oxi cn l 0,02mol/l. Hy tnh vn tc ca phn ng trong thi gian . S: 0,8.10-3 mol / l/ giy 6) Cho phn ng : 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 ToC, nng cn bng ca cc cht. {SO 2} = 0,2mol/l ; {O2} = 0,1mol/l ; {SO2} = 1,8mol/l. Tnh vn tc phn ng thun, phn ng nghch. 7) b). Hi vn tc phn ng thun v nghch thay i nh th no nu th tch hn hp tng ln 2 ln 8) Cho phn ng 2A + B = C. Nng ban u ca A l 6M, ca B l 5M. Hng s vn tc K=0,5 a) Tnh vn tc phn ng lc u. b) Tnh vn tc phn ng khi c 55% cht B tham gia phn ng. S: a). 90 b). 2,53125 9) Cho phn ng : 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 T0C, nng cn bng ca cc cht l [ SO2 ] = 0,2 mol/l ; [ O2 ] = 0,1 mol/l ;
[ SO3 ] = 1,8 mol/l
a) Tnh vn tc phn ng thun , phn ng nghch . b) Hi vn tc phn ng thun v nghch thay i nh th no nu th tch hn hp tng ln 2 ln. 10) Hng s cn bng ca phng trnh : H 2 + I2 2HI nhit d no bng 40. Xc nh phn trm hiro v iot chuyn thnh HI , nu nng ban u ca chng nh nhau v bng 0.01 mol/l.
BAI TAP TRC NGHIM

1. a s cc phn ng ha hc xy ra u c s trao i v nng lng di dng no? A. C nng B. in nng C. Quang nng D. Nhit nng 2. Xt phn ng CaCO3 = CaO + CO2 177.232 kJ Phn ng c thc hin d dng A. nhit thp B. nhit cao C. nhit thng D. C 3 u ng. 3. Trong mt phn ng, cht xc tc c phi l mt cht thc s mt i vi thi gian phn ng hay khng? A. Phi B. Khng phi C. C khi l cht tham gia phn ng, c khi th khng D. Mt kt qu khc 4. Cn bng ca mt phn ng ha hc t c khi no?
Trng: THPT Nguyen
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A. Nng phn t ca cc cht tham gia phn ng v sn phm phn ng bng nhau B. Nhit ca phn ng thun v nghch bng nhau C. Vn tc ca phn ng thun v nghch bng nhau D. Mt kt qu khc. 5. Trong phn ng t c cn bng AX (kh) = A (kh) + X (kh) Q kJ (1 th tch) (1 th tch) (1 th tch) th cn bng lch v pha phi khi no? A. Gim nhit v tng p sut B. Tng nhit v tng p sut C. Tng nhit v gim p sut D. Gim nhit v gim p sut 6. Phn ng no sau y (cht tham gia phn ng v sn phm u trng thi kh) khng b mt cn bng khi p sut tng A. N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 B. N2 + O2 = 2NO C. 2CO + O2 = 2CO2 D. A v C u ng. 7. Xc nh iu kin lm tng nng ca SO 3 trong mt bnh cha SO 2 v O2 bit rng: SO2 (kh) + O2 (kh) = SO3 (kh) + Q A. Tng nhit , tng nng O2 B. Tng p sut O2, h nhit C. Tng p sut O2, h nhit , dng cht xc tc D. Tng nhit , tng p sut 8. Cho 6 gam km ht vo mt cc ng dd H 2SO4 4M nhit thng. Mi bin i sau y s lm cho tc phn ng tng ln , gim xung hay khng i ? A. Thay 6 gam km ht bng 6 gam km bt . B. Dng dd H2SO4 2M thay dd H2SO4 2M . C. Tng nhit phn ng ln 500C . D. Tng th tch dd H2SO4 4M ln gp i. 9. Phn ng sau y ang trng thi cn bng H2 +
1 O2 H2O (kh ) 2
H = -258,83kj
Trong cc tc ng di y, tc ng no lm thay i hng s cn bng? A. Thay i p sut B. Thay i nhit . C. Cho thm O2. D. Cho cht xc tc . 10. Trong phng th nghim , c th iu ch kh oxi t mui kali clorat . ngi ta s dng cch no sau y nhm mc ch tng tc phn ng? A. Nung kaliclorat nhit cao. B. Nung hn hp kaliclorat v mangan ioxit nhit cao. C. Dng phng php di nc thu kh oxi.
67
D. Dng phng php di khng kh thu oxi. 11. Hy cho bit ngi ta s dng yu t no trong cc yu t sau tng tc phn ng trong trng hp rc men vo tinh bt c nu chn ru A. Xc tc . B. Nhit . C. Nng . D. p sut . 12. Sn xut amoniac trong cng nghip da trn phng trnh ho hc sau : 2N2 + 3H2 2NH3 ( kh ) H = -92 kJ Hy cho bit iu khng nh no sau y ng ? Cn bng ho hc s chuyn dch v pha to ra amoniac nhiu hn nu A. Gim p sut chung v nhit ca h . B. Gim nng ca kh nit v kh hir . C. Tng nhit ca h . D. Tng p sut chung ca h . 13. Cho phng trnh ho hc : 2N2 + 3H2 2NH3 (kh ) Nu trng thi cn bng nng ca NH 3 l 0,3 mol/l, ca N2 l 0,05mol/l v ca H2 l 0,1mol/l. Hng s cn bng ca h l gi tr no sau y ? A. 36. B. 360 C. 3600 D. 36000 14. Trong cng nghip , iu ch kh than t , ngi ta thi hi nc qua than ang nng . Phn ng ho hc xy ra nh sau : C (r ) + H2O(k) CO (k) + H2 (k) H = 131 kJ iu khng nh no sau y l ng ? A. Tng p sut chung ca h lm cn bng khng thay i. B. Tng nhit ca h lm cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun. C. Dng cht xc tc lm cn bng chuyn sang chiu thun . D. Tng nng hiro lm cn bng chuyn sang chiu thun . 15. Sn xut vi trong cng nghip v i sng u da trn phn ng ho t0 hc: CaCO3 CaO (r) + CO2 (k), H= 178kJ Hy chn phng n ng . Cn bng ho hc s chuyn sang chiu thun khi : A. Tng nhit . B. p nh vi lm tng din tch tip xc. C. Thi khng kh nn vo l lm gim nng kh cacbonic. D. C ba phng n A, B ,C u ng. p , xt 16. Cho phn ng: 2N2 + 3H2 2NH3 (k) Tc phn ng tng hp amoniac s tng bao nhiu ln nu tng nng hiro ln 2 ln ? A. 2 ln. B. 4 ln. C. 8 ln. D. 16 ln Trong tt c cc trng hp trn , nhit phn ng c gi nguyn. GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C Trng: THPT Nguyen
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17. Mt phn ng ho hc c biu din nh sau : Cc cht phn ng Cc sn phm. Yu t no sau y khng nh hng n tc phn ng ? A. Nhit . B. Cht xc tc. C. Nng cc sn phm . D. Nng cc cht phn ng 18. Phn ng no trong cc phn ng di y c hng s cn bng l : K=
[ A ][ B] 2 [ AB2 ]
A. 2AB(k) A2(k) + B2(k) B. A(k) + 2B(k) AB2(k) C. AB2(k) A(k) + 2B(k) D. A2(k) + B2(k) 2AB(k) 19. Cu no sau y l ng ? A. Bt c phn ng no cng phi t n trng thi cn bng ho hc. B. Khi phn ng thun nghch t n trng thi cn bng th phn ng dng li. C. Ch c nhng phn ng thun nghch mi c trng thi cn bng ho hc. D. trng thi cn bng , khi lng cc cht hai v ca phng trnh ho hc phi bng nhau. 20. Da vo hng s cn bng ca cc phn ng di y, hy cho bit phn ng no c hiu sut cao nht v phn ng no c hiu sut thp nht? A. SO2(K) + NO2(K) NO(K) + SO3(K) K=102 B. H2(K) + F2(K) 2HF(K) K=1013 C. 2H2O(K) 2H2(K) + O2(K) K=6.10-28 D. Cl2(K) + H2O(K) HCl(L) + HClO(L) K=105 21. Cho phn ng : 2NO + O2 2NO2 . Tc phn ng tng bao nhiu ln khi p sut tng 3 ln ? A. 9 ln. B. 18 ln. C. 25 ln D. 27 ln o t 22. Cho phn ng : 2N2O 2N2 + O2 . Vn tc s thay i nh th no khi tng p sut ln 10 ln ? A. Vn tc tng 100 ln. B. Vn tc gim 100 ln. C. Vn tc tng 10 ln. D. Vn tc gim 10 ln. 23. Gi s ta c phn ng sau y th kh A + 2B C Chn biu thc vn tc ca phn ng, bit rng tng nng ca mi cht tham gia phn ng ln gp i lm tng vn tc ln 8 ln, nhng nu ch tng nng ca A ln gp i th vn tc ch tng ln gp i. A. v = k.[A].[B] B. v = k.[A].[C] C. v = k.[A].[B]2 24. C phn ng xy ra trc tip gia cc phn t trong bnh kn theo phng trnh A2 + 2B = AB. Tc ca phn ng ny thay i nh th no khi p sut tng ln 6 ln? A. 36 B. 216 C. 116 D. Mt s khc
0
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25. Khi nhit tng ln 10 C, tc ca mt phn ng ho hc tng ln 3 ln. Ngi ta ni rng tc phn ng ho hc trn c h s nhit bng 3. Chng hn nh nu tng nhit ca phn ng trn ln thm 30 0C th tc ca phn ng tng thm 33 = 27 ln. Tc phn ng ho hc ni trn tng ln bao nhiu ln khi nhit tng t 250C ln 450C ? A. 6 ln. B. 9 ln. C. 12 ln. D. 18 ln. 26. Tm h s nhit ca tc phn ng ho hc bit rng khi tng nhit ln thm 300C th tc phn ng tng ln 60 ln. H s nhit ca phn ng ho hc cho l : A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Trng: THPT Nguyen

Ly Thuyetbai Tap HKII Hoa 10CB

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Tm tt LT+BT ha 10-HKII

PHN 1: KHI QUT

v nguyn t v cc hp cht c th, bi tp ch yu tp trung vo cc ni dung chnh: I-BI TP L THUYT

GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C

Trng: THPT Nguyen

Chng trnh chun

B-HNG DAN CHUNG

+Tnh kh khi gp cht oxi ha: S + O2 S O 2

Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...

DNG 2: PHN BIT, NHN BIT, TCH, TINH CH

CO - CuO (t0) H2 - CuO (t0) - Que dim O2 - Cu (t0) - Qu tm m - AgCl - PbCl2

GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C

Trng: THPT Nguyen

Chng trnh chun Trng ha xanh CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O

Hin tng Ha xanh trng

vng nht vng m vng en trng

HCl) 2+ SO2 3 + Ba HCl) 2+ SO2 4 + Ba trong HCl) S2 + Pb2+

un nng Vn Cu, H2SO4

3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO+4H2O 2NO + O2 2NO2

Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...

CC HNG DN CHUNG KHI GII TON HA

V = 22,4n P= SN PHM SN nRT V

PV (kh, khc ktc) RT TC CHT

II- CC CNG THC CN NH

nct (mol / l hay M ) Vdd (l ) mct .100(%) C% = mdd

GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C

Trng: THPT Nguyen

Chng trnh chun

II.2.2. Hn hp nhiu kh: thng tnh ton da trn M hh : m M = n

II.2.3. T khi kh T khi hi ca kh A i vi kh B: dA/B =

Nu B l khng kh: MB = M KK = 29 IIIBI TON C LNG CHT D SAU PHN NG

=> cht ht (s nh), cht d (s ln) & t ncht ht vo pthh

Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...

GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C

Trng: THPT Nguyen

Chng trnh chun

BAI TP BAI TAP T LUN

Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...

BAI TAP TRC NGHIM

GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C

Trng: THPT Nguyen

Chng trnh chun

--------------------------------- ----------------------------------Bi 30: CLO

b/ Tc dng vi kim: Cl2 + 2NaOH

BAI TP BAI TAP T LUN

GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C

Chng trnh chun

BAI TAP TRC NGHIM

Chng trnh chun

Chng trnh chun

GV: Trnh Th Minh Hien Van C

Trng: THPT Nguyen

Chng trnh chun

CLORUA AXIT CLOHIDRIC V MUI CLORUA

Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...

BAI TP BAI TAP T LUN

Chng trnh chun

11) 12) 13)

Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...

Chng trnh chun

BAI TAP TRC NGHIM

Chng trnh chun

Trn con ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca ngi li bing!...