GII CHI TIT S 202

Cu 1.
Cc ion c cu hnh electron ca kh him l cc ion:
+ Ca cc nguyn t nhm A
+ in tch ion c tr s bng s th t ca nhm cha nguyn t
p n ng l C
Cu 2.
Cc ion cng cu hnh electron c cng s lp electron. Do c in tch nh hn (in
tch ht nhn nh hn) th c bn knh ln hn
Vy bn knh ca O
2-
> F
-
> Na
+

p n ng l D
Cu 3.
- phn cc ca lin kt ph thuc vo hiu m in ca 2 nguyn t tham gia lin kt
- Cc phn t ang xt u c nguyn t hiro trong phn t (chn H lm mc)
- Da vo quy lut bin thin m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t trong chu k, trong
nhm bit c hiu m in tng i ca cc nguyn t nguyn t vi hiro.
*Ch : Khng tnh c gi tr chnh xc hiu m in nhng c lng c hiu m in
tng i gia 2 nguyn t tham gia lin kt, lm c s sp xp phn cc
p n ng l A
Cu 4.
Da vo s thay i s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t cc cht trong PTHH, ta xc nh c cc
phn ng oxi ha kh l:
-1 -1 -3 -1
1. CHCH + H
2
O CH
3
- CHO
2. CH
2
=CH
2
+ H
2

o
t
CH
3
- CH
3

3. CH
4
+ 2O
2
oe

o
t
CO
2
-2
+ 2H
2
O
+7 +4
4. 3C
2
H
4
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 4H
2
O 3C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
+ 2MnO
2
+ 2KOH
p n ng l D
Cu 5.
Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch kh clo bng cch cho cht oxi ha mnh
(MnO
2
, KClO
3
, KMnO
4
, CaOCl
2
) tc dng vi axit clohiric c:
4HCl + MnO
2

o
t
Cl
2
| + MnCl
2
+ 2H
2
O
6HCl + KClO
3
3Cl
2
| + KCl + 3H
2
O
16HCl + 2KMnO
4
5Cl
2
| + 2KCl + 2MnCl
2
+ 8H
2
O
2HCl + CaOCl
2
Cl
2
| + CaCl
2
+ H
2
O
*Ch : Nu cht oxi ha l MnO
2
th cn phi un nng, cn cht oxi ha l KMnO
4
, KClO
3
hoc
CaOCl
2
phn ng xy ra nhit thng.
p n ng l A
Cu 6.
- CO
2
v SO
2
l hai oxit axit nn u phn ng vi dung dch kim (NaOH, Ba(OH)
2
,
Ca(OH)
2
). Do khng th dng cc dung dch ny lm sch kh CO
2
c.
- CO
2
ch c tnh oxi ha (nguyn t cacbon c s oxi ha +4, cao nht), SO
2
c tnh kh
(nguyn t lu hunh c s oxi ha +4, trung gian) nn CO
2
khng phn ng vi nc
brom, cn SO
2
phn ng (b gi li)
SO
2
+ Br
2
+ 2H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+ 2HBr

CO
2
+ Br
2
+ H
2
O khng phn ng (thot ra)
p n ng l A
Cu 7.
Khi tng p sut ca h ln 2 ln th tch gim 2 ln (gi nguyn nhit ) nng ca cc
cht tng ln 2 ln. Do :
v = K ([A].2).([B].2)
2
= 8K[A].[B]
2
= 8.v
Vy tc phn ng tng 8 ln
p n ng l C
Cu 8.
Xt cc phng n:
A. sai, th d dung dch Na
2
CO
3
:
Na
2
CO
3
2Na
+
+ CO
3
2

CO
3
2
+ H
2
O

HCO
3
-
+ OH
-

Mi trng kim pH = 7,0.
B. sai, th d dung dch NaHS:
NaHS Na
+
+ HS
-

HS
-
+ H
2
O

H
2
S + OH
-

Mi trng kim pH > 7,0
C. sai, v ch 25
o
C: [H
+
] = [OH
-
] = 10
-7
(M) pH = 7
Chng hn, 37
o
C: [H
+
] = [OH
-
] = 10
-6,8
(M) pH = 6,8
D. ng, v dung dch axit nn c pH < 7
Ch : Trong dung dch HCl c 10
-8
, phi k n s in li ca H
2
O:
H
2
O

H
+
+ OH
-

x(M) x(M)
HCl H
+
+ Cl
-

10
-8
(M) 10
-8
(M)
Ta c:
2
+ - -8 -14 2 -8 -14
H O
K = [H ][OH ] = (x + 10 ).x = 10 x +10 .x - 10 = 0
x =
-8 -16 -14
-8
-10 + 10 + 4.1.10
= 9,5125.10
2.1

Vy [H
+
] = x + 1.10
-8
= 10,5125.10
-8
(M)
pH = -lg (10,5125.10
-8
) = 6,9783. p n ng l D
Cu 9.
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol N
2
, H
2
trong hn hp X
Ta c:
28.x + 2.y
= 4,25.2 = 8,5
x + y

28x + 2y = 8,5.x + 8,5.y = 19,5x = 6,5y 3x = y
PTHH: N
2(k)
+ 3H
2(k)
2NH
3(k)

Ban u: x 3x (mol)
Phn ng a 3a 2a (mol)
Cn li: (x a) 3(x a) 2a (mol)
Theo bi ra, ta c:
28.(x - a) + 3(x - a).2 + 2.a.17
= 6,8.2 = 13,6
(x - a) + (3x - 3a) + 2a

34.x = 54,4x 27,2a 20,4x = 7,2a
a 20,4
= = 0,75
x 27,2

Vy H% =
a
.100% = 75%
x

p n D ng


Cu 10.
X l CaCO
3
, Y l NaHCO
3

CaCO
3

o
t
CaO + CO
2

(X) (X
1
)
CaO + H
2
O Ca(OH)
2

(X
1
) (X
2
)
Ca(OH)
2
+ NaHCO
3
CaCO
3
+ NaOH + H
2
O
(X
2
) (Y) (X) (Y
1
)
Ca(OH)
2
+ 2NaHCO
3
CaCO
3
+ Na
2
CO
3
+ 2H
2
O
(X
2
) (Y) (X) (Y
2
)
p n ng l C
Cu 11:
Ta c s :
2C
2
H
5
OH

C
6
H
10
O
5

ln men
81%
CaCO
3
+
Tinh bt 5,5 mol
2CO
2

2
+ Ca(OH)

Ca(HCO
3
)
2
CaCO
3
+
1 mol 1 mol
V nguyn t cacbon c bo ton, nn:

2 3 3 2
CO CaCO Ca(HCO )
n = n + 2.n = 5,5 + 2,1 = 7,5 (mol)

6 10 5 2
C H O CO
1 7,5
n = .n = = 3,75 (mol)
2 2

V H = 81%, nn:
6 10 5
C H O (thct)
3,75.100
n = = 4,63 (mol)
81

Vy m = 4,63.162 = 750 (gam)
p n ng l C
*Ch : Cc PTHH xy ra:
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
+ nH
2
O
o
+
t
H
nC
6
H
12
O
6

Tinh bt glucoz
C
6
H
12
O
6

men ru
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2

Glucoz ancol etylic
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2

Ca(HCO
3
)
2

o
t
CaCO
3
+ + CO
2
| + H
2
O
Cu 12.
Theo bi ra:
2 2
CO H O
30,8 12,6
n = = 0,7 mol; n = = 0,7 mol
44 18

Ta thy:
2 2
CO H O
n = n
X thuc dy ng ng anken hoc monoxicloankan
V X khng lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm iu kin thng
X thuc dy ng ng monoxicloankan
p n ng l D
*Ch : Cc monoxicloankan (mt vng no trong phn t) khng tc dng vi dung dch thuc tm.
Cu 13.
Gi cng thc ca hirocacbon ny dng: C
n
H
2n+2-2k


- V hirocacbon th kh nn n s 4
- V hirocacbon nng hn khng kh nn:
14n + 2 2k > 29 n > 2 (0 s k s n)
- V hirocacbon lm mt mu nc brom hirocacbon khng no
k > 0 n > 2
Do : n = 3 hoc n = 4
Theo bi ra:
2 2
CO Br
7,04 25,6
n = = 0,16 (mol); n = = 0,16 (mol)
44 160

Ta c:
t
2 2
Br CO
= n = n n
Do :
t
2
Br
= n = k.x n (x l s mol ca C
n
H
2n+2-2k
)

2
CO
n = n.x n = k CTPT dng C
n
H
2

Suy ra: CTPT ca hirocacbon c th l:
- C
3
H
2
: khng c cu to no tha mn
- C
4
H
2
: HCC-CCH (v mch cacbon h)
x = 0,16/4 = 0,04 (mol) m = 0,04.50 = 2 (gam)
p n ng l A
Cu 14:
Xt cc phng n:
A. Sai, v benzen khng lm mt mu dung dch Br
2

B. Sai, v benzen (C
6
H
6
) e C
n
H
2n-6
(n>6)
Stiren (C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
) e C
n
H
2n-6
(n>6)
C. ng, cc nguyn t trong phn t benzen (6 nguyn t C v 6 nguyn t H) nm trn mt
mt phng (do 6 nguyn t C u c trng thi lai ha sp
2
)
D. Sai, ng vi CTPT C
6
H
6
c tn gi l benzen khi c cu to: (cn cc cu to khc
s c tn gi khc)
p n ng l C
Cu 15:
Xt cc phng n:
A. Nu X l HOOC-COOH khng tha mn, v
HOOC-COOH + AgNO
3
/NH
3
khng phn ng
B. Nu X l OHC-CHO khng tha mn, v
OHC-CHO + H
2
O khng phn ng
C. Nu X l OHC-COOH khng tha mn, v
OHC-COOH + AgNO
3
/NH
3
khng phn ng
D. + X l CHCH tha mn:
CHCH + 2AgNO
3
+ 2NH
3
AgCCAg+ + 2NH
4
NO
3

CHCH + H
2
O
o
xt, t
CH
3
CHO
+ Y l OHC-CHO tha mn:
OHC-CHO + 4AgNO
3
+ 6NH
3
+ 2H
2
O H
4
NOOC-COONH
4
+ 4Ag + 4NH
4
NO
3

+ Z l OHC-COOH tha mn:
OHC-COOH + 2AgNO
3
+ 4NH
3
+ H
2
O H
4
NOOC-COONH
4
+ 2Ag + 2NH
4
NO
3

OHC-COOH + NaOH OHC-COONa + H
2
O
+ T l HOOC-COOH tha mn:
HOOC-COOH + 2NaOH NaOOC-COONa + 2H
2
O
p n ng l D
Cu 16.
c im khng phi ca cc axit bo thng gp. u l cc axit cacboxylic no
+ Axit bo no: Axit panmitic CH
3
(CH
2
)
14
COOH

Axit stearic CH
3
(CH
2
)
16
COOH
+ Axit bo khng no: Axit oleic C
17
H
33
COOH
Axit linoleic C
17
H
31
COOH
p n ng l C
Cu 17.
Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ng thy phn:
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
+ nH
2
O
+ o
H , t
nC
6
H
12
O
6

Tinh bt/xenluloz glucoz
C
12
H
22
O
11
+ H
2
O
+ o
H , t
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ C
6
H
12
O
6

Saccaroz glucoz fructoz
C
12
H
22
O
11
+ H
2
O
+ o
H , t
2C
6
H
12
O
6

Glucoz
p n ng l C
Cu 18. Theo bi ra:
Z
4,48
n = = 0,2 (mol)
22,4

ng vi CTPT C
2
H
7
NO
2
c cc CTCT l
CH
3
COONH
4
(amoni axetat) (x mol)
HCOOH
3
NCH
3
(metyl amoni fomat) (y mol)
PTHH: CH
3
COONH
4
+ NaOH CH
3
COONa + NH
3
| + H
2
O
x x x
HCOOH
3
NCH
3
+ NaOH HCOONa + CH
3
NH
2
+ H
2
O
y y y
Theo bi ra, ta c:
x + y = 0,2
x = 0,05; y = 0,15 17.x + 31.y
= 13,75.2
x + y

Mui khan thu c gm CH
3
COONa (0,05 mol) v HCOONa (0,15 mol)
m
mui
= 0,05.82 + 0,15.68 = 14,3 (gam)
p n ng l A
*Ch : Kh NH
3
, CH
3
NH
2
, u lm xanh giy qu tm m.
Cu 19.
* T nilon -6,6: [-HN-(CH
2
)
6
-NH-CO-(CH
2
)
4
-CO-]
n

Khi lng 1 mt xch: 226 vC
* T capron: [-HN-(CH
2
)
5
-CO-]
n

Khi lng 1 mt xch: 113 vC
Suy ra:
- S mt xch trong on mch nilon -6,6: n
1
=
27346
= 121
226

- S mt xch trong on mch t capron: n
2
=
17176
= 152
113

p n ng l C
Cu 20.
Phn ng xy ra khi pin in ha Zn - Ag hot ng
Zn + 2Ag
+
Zn
2+
+ 2Ag+
Ta thy:
- Khi lng in cc Ag tng (khi lng in cc Zn gim)
- Nng ion Zn
2+
tng (nng ion Ag
+
gim)
- Trong pin Zn - Ag th anot l Ag, catot l Zn
anot (cc Zn): Zn Zn
2+
+ 2e

catot (cc Ag): Ag
+
+ 1e Ag+
Do catot thiu in tch dng (do Ag
+
b in phn) nn K
+
(cu mui) di chuyn v
(ch khng v anot)
- Sut in ng chun
+ 2+
o o o
pin(Zn-Ag)
Ag /Ag Zn /Zn
E = E - E

o
pin(Zn-Ag)
E = 0,8 - (-0,76) = 1,56 V
p n ng l B


Cu 21.
Theo bi ra:
2
H
0,672
n = = 0,03 (mol)
22,4

PTHH:
2 2
M + 2HCl MCl + H |
0,03 (mol) 0,03 (mol)
Suy ra:
M
1,67
M = = 55,67
0,03

Suy ra, hai kim loi kim th l Ca (40) v Sr
p n ng l B
Cu 22.
PTHH ca phn ng xy ra khi nung Fe(NO
3
)
2
; Fe(OH)
3
; FeCO
3
l
2Fe(NO
3
)
2

o
t
Fe
2
O
3
+ 4NO
2
| +
2
1
O
2
|
2Fe(OH)
3

o
t
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O|
2FeCO
3
+
2 (kk)
1
O
2

o
t
Fe
2
O
3
+ 2CO
2
|
Tm tt bng s :

Fe(NO
3
)
2

Fe(OH)
3

o
2
t
- H O
Fe
2
O
3

(r)

FeCO
3

Vy cht rn thu c Fe
2
O
3
(nu ).
p n ng l D
Cu 23.
PTHH ca cc dung dch mui vi KOH:
- AlCl
3
+ 3KOH Al(OH)
3
+ + 3KCl
Lc u, to kt ta trng, sau kt ta b tan:
Al(OH)
3
+ KOH
(d)
K[Al(OH)
4
] (tan)
- Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3KOH Fe(OH)
3
+ + 3KNO
3

nu
- FeSO
4
+ 2KOH Fe(OH)
2
+ + K
2
SO
4

Trng xanh
- Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ 2KOH Mg(OH)
2
+ + 2KNO
3

Trng
- NH
4
Cl + KOH
o
t
NH
3
| + KCl + H
2
O
Mi khai
C th nhn bit c tt c 5 dung dch.
p n ng l D
t
o
-(NO2 + O2)
t
o
khng kh

Cu 24.
Cc nhin liu ha thch gm:
- Xng, du ha, kh ng hnh, kh ha lng (tch ra t du m)
- Than
- Kh thin nhin
Vy c 6 nhin liu ha thch.
p n ng l C
Cu 25.
- Nguyn t R c 4 lp electron nguyn t R chu k 4
- To c oxit cao nht l R
2
O
7
nguyn t R c 7 electron ha tr
nguyn t R nhm VII (A hoc B)
- Nguyn t R c cc electron ha tr trn phn lp d R l nguyn t d
nguyn t R nhm B
Vy R chu k 4, nhm VIIB
R l nguyn t Mn (Z = 25): 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
2

p n ng l C
Cu 26:
Cc nguyn t cng chu k (theo th t t tri sang phi): N, O, F
Cc nguyn t cng nhm (nhm A, theo th t t trn xung): N, P
Trong cng chu k, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t tng dn: Trong cng mt nhm, tnh phi
kim ca cc nguyn t gim dn.
Do , dy nguyn t sp xp tnh phi kim tng dn l P, N, O, F
p n ng l C
Cu 27.
- Cc hp cht: F
2
O, Cl
2
O, Br
2
O, I
2
O (X
2
O) l hp cht gia halogen vi oxi.
- Ch c F c m in ln hn O (F l nguyn t c m in ln nht, tip n l ca O..)
cn cc halogen khc (Cl, Br, I) u c m in nh hn O. Do halogen c m in cng
nh th hiu m in ca n vi oxi cng ln, lin kt cng phn cc. Halogen c m in nh
nht l I.
p n ng l D
*Ch : Gi tr m in ca cc halogen v oxi

Nguyn
t
F O Cl Br I
m
in
3,98 3,44 3,16 2,96 2,66
Hiu
m in
(X - O)
0,54 0 0,28 0,48 0,78

Cu 28.
+ Trong cc cht, nguyn t st c cc trng thi oxi ha: 0 (n cht, thp nht); +2; +8/3; +3
(cao nht thng gp)
+ Cc hp cht cha st c trng thi oxi ha trung gian (+2; +8/3) th chng c tnh oxi ha
(xung s oxi ha thp hn) v ng thi c tnh kh (ln s oxi ha cao hn). C th cc cht
l: FeO (+2), FeCO
3
(+2)
p n ng l D
Cu 29.
Gi s 2 dung dch c cng nng l 0,1M


HCl H
+
+ Cl
-

0,1M 0,1M
pH
(dd HCl)
= x = -lg0,1 = -lg10
-1
= 1
CH
3
COOH

H
+
+ CH
3
COO
-

Ban u 0,1M
Phn li: 0,001M 0,001M
Cn bng: 0,001(10
-3
M)

3
-3
(ddCH COOH)
pH = y = -lg10 = 3. Vy y = x + 2
p n ng l A
Cu 30.
Xt cc phn ng:
-1 0 0 -1
A. H
2
O
2
+ Cl
2
O
2
+ 2HCl
cht kh cht oxi ha
loi
-1 0 0 -2
B. H
2
O
2
+ O
3
2O
2
+ H
2
O
cht kh cht oxi ha
loi
-1 -1 -1 0
C. 2H
2
O
2
+ Ca(ClO)
2
CaCl
2
+ 2O
2
+ 2H
2
O
cht kh cht oxi ha
loi (H
2
O
2
c tnh oxi ha yu hn Cl
2
; O
3
; Ca(ClO
2
))
-1 +4 -2 +6
D. H
2
O
2
+ Na
2
SO
3
H
2
O + Na
2
SO
4

cht oxi ha cht kh
tha mn
p n ng l D
*Ch : -H
2
O
2
th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi cc cht oxi ha mnh hn nh Cl
2
, O
3
, Ag
2
O,
KMnO
4
trong mi trng axit, Ca(ClO)
2
...
- H
2
O
2
th hin tnh oxi ha khi tc dng vi cc cht kh (SO
2
, Na
2
SO
3
, KNO
2
,...)
Cu 31.
p dng cng thc ca quy tc VanHop:
v
t
= v
30
.3
(t-30)/10

v
t
/v
30
= 3
(t-30)/10

3
(t-30)/10
= 81 = 3
4

(t - 30)/10 = 4 t = 40 + 30 = 70 (
o
C)
p n ng l B
Cu 32.
H
2
O ng vai tr l axit khi n nhng proton (H
+
) to ra OH
-

Ta thy cc qu trnh (2, 4, 5) to ra OH
-
(trong cc qu trnh ny H
2
O ng vai tr axit)
p n ng l B
Cu 33.
Theo bi ra:
3
HNO
n = 0,4.1 = 0,4 (mol)
* Trng hp 1: HNO
3
phn ng ht:
Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO| + 2H
2
O
0,10,4 mol 0,1 (mol)

2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Fe 3Fe(NO
3
)
2

2x x 3x
Ta c: (0,1 - 2x) . 242 + 3x . 180 = 26,44
24,2 - 484x + 540x = 26,44
56x = 2,24 x = 0,04
Suy ra
Fe
n = 0,1 + 0,04 = 0,14 (mol) m
Fe
= 0,14.56 = 7,84 (gam)
p n ng l A
* Trng hp 2: HNO
3
d:
Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO| + 2H
2
O
x 4x x
Ta c: 242.x + (0,1 - 4x).63 = 26,44
242x - 252x + 6,3 = 26,44 -10x = 20,14 (loi)
Cu 34.
Theo bi ra:
2 3
CO BaCO
2,688 15,76
n = = 0,12 (mol); n = = 0,08 (mol)
22,4 197

PTHH: CO
2
+ Ba(OH)
2
BaCO
3
+ + H
2
O
x x x
2CO
2
+ Ba(OH)
2
Ba(HCO
3
)
2

2y y

Ta c:

x + 2y = 0,12 x = 0,08
x = 0,08 y = 0,02

Suy ra:
2
Ba(OH)
0,1
n = x + y = 0,08 + 0,02 = 0,1 (mol) a = = 0,04 (M)
2,5

p n ng l C
Cu 35.
C
6
H
7
O (dn xut ca benzen) tc dng vi dung dch NaOH hp cht phenol
Cc cht l
o -CH
3
-C
6
H
4
-OH (o-crezol)
m-CH
3
-C
6
H
4
-OH (m-crezol)
p-CH
3
-C
6
H
4
-OH (p-crezol) (3 cht)
p n ng l B
*Ch : - Phenol l loi hp cht c nhm -OH lin kt trc tip vi vng benzen
C
6
H
5
OH + NaOH C
6
H
5
ONa + H
2
O
CH
3
-C
6
H
4
-OH + NaOH CH
3
C
6
H
4
-ONa + H
2
O
Cu 36.
Cc hirocacbon no, mch h, c t 1 n 5 nguyn t C trong phn t khi phn ng vi kh clo
theo t l mol 1 :1 (c as) u ch to ra mt dn xut monoclo l
CH
4
+ Cl
2
CH
3
Cl + HCl
CH
3
-CH
3
+ Cl
2
CH
3
-CH
2
Cl + HCl
CH
3
CH
3

CH
3
-C-CH
3
+ Cl
2
CH
3
-C-CH
2
Cl + HCl
CH
3
CH
3

c 3 cht
p n ng l C
Cu 37.
S phn ng:

X (C
2
H
2
; H
2
)
o
xt, t
Y (C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
2
, H
2
)
2
dd Br , d
C
2
H
6
, H
2

- Gi x l s mol C
2
H
2
(cng nh H
2
) trong hn hp X
m
X
= (26 + 2).x = 28.x (gam) (1)
- Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c: m
X
= m
Y
(2)
- Mt khc, theo bi ra: m
Y
= m
(bnh brom tng)
+ m
(kh thot ra)

m
Y
= 10,8 +
4,48
.8,2 = 14 (gam)
22,4
(3)
T (1, 2, 3) suy ra: x = 0,5 (mol)
- Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t:
V nguyn t C, H c bo ton nn th tch kh O
2
t chy hon ton hn hp Y cng
bng th tch O
2
t chy hon ton hn hp X

C
2
H
2
+
2
5
O
2
2CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,5 1,25 (mol)
H
2
+
2
1
O
2
H
2
O
0,5 0,25 (mol)

2
O
n = 0,25 + 1,25 = 1,5 (mol)
2
O (ktc)
V = 1,5.22,4 = 33,6 (lt)
p n ng l A
Cu 38.
Xt cc phng n:
A. Khng ng, v benzen C
6
H
6
e C
n
H
2n-6
(n>6)
stiren C
8
H
8
e C
n
H
2n-6
(n>6)
B. ng: stiren cn c tn gi vinyl benzen hoc phenyl etilen
C. ng: 8 nguyn t C v 8 nguyn t H trong phn t stiren u nm trn mt mt phng (v
cc nguyn t C c trng thi lai ha sp
2
)
D. ng: Phn t stiren c cu to bi gc phenyl (C
6
H
5
-
, tnh cht ging benzen) v gc
vinyl (CH
2
=CH-, tnh cht ging vi anken)
p n ng l A
Cu 39.
Cng thc n gin nht C
2
H
3
O
2

CTPT dng (C
2
H
3
O
2
)
n
C
2n
H
3n
O
2n
C
n
H
2n
(COOH)
n

V 2n + n s 2n + 2 n s 2
+ Nu n = 1: C
2
H
3
O
2
khng c cu to tha mn
+ Nu n = 2: C
4
H
6
O
4
c cu to chng hn:
HOOC-CH
2
CH
2
-COOH (tha mn)
Vy CTPT ca X l C
4
H
6
O
4
.
p n ng l B
Cu 40.
Theo bi ra:
2 5
C H OH
5,75
n = = 0,125 (mol)
46

Gi x l s mol mi axit c trong hn hp X
Theo bi ra, ta c 46.x + 60.x = 5,3 106x = 5,3 x = 0,05 (mol)
PTHH: HCOOH + C
2
H
5
OH

xt
HCOOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O
CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH

xt
CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O
Ta thy n
HCOOH
+
3
CH COOH
n = 2.x = 2.0,05 = 0,1 <
2 5
C H OH
n = 0,125
ancol etylic C
2
H
5
OH d

Suy ra:
2 5
HCOOC H
80.x
n = = 0,8.0,05 = 0,04 (mol)
100


2 5
HCOOC H
m = 0,04.74 = 2,96 (gam)

3 2 5 3 2 5
CH COOC H CH COOC H
n = 0,8.0,05 = 0,04 (mol) m = 0,04.88 = 3,52 (gam)
Vy m = 2,96 + 3,52 = 6,48 (gam)
p n ng l A
Cu 41.
S phn ng:
nC
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
+ HONO
2()

2 4
H SO c
C
6n
H
7n
O
2n
(OH)
3n-1
ONO
2
+H
2
O
Theo bi ra, ta c:
14.1 11,1
=
162.n + 62 - 17 100

1400 = 1798,2.n + 499,5 1798,2.n = 900,5 n = 0,5
Tc l: 0,5 mol C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
phn ng vi 1 mol HNO
3
. Do 1 mol C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
phn ng
vi 2 mol HNO
3
(trung bnh c 1 mt xch C
6
H
10
O
5
phn ng vi 2 phn t HNO
3
)
p n ng l B
Cu 42.
Theo bi ra:
2 2
CO N
8,4 1,4
n = = 0,375 (mol); n = = 0,0625 (mol)
22,4 22,4


2
H O
10,125
n = = 0,5625 (mol)
18

t CTPT ca amin X l C
x
H
y
N
z

Ta c: x : y : z = 0,375 : (0,5625.2) : (0,0625.2)
= 0,375 : 1,125 : 0,125
= 3 : 9 : 1
CTGN ca X l C
3
H
9
N
CTPT ca X l C
3
H
9
N (v amin n chc nn trong phn t X ch c 1 nguyn t N).
p n ng l B
Cu 43.
S chuyn ha:
4 2 2 2 3
2CH C H C H Cl (PVC)
Khi lng PVC chnh bng khi lng C
2
H
3
Cl trong PVC
Theo bi ra:
2 3
3
3
C H Cl (PVC)
250.10
n = = 4.10 (mol)
62,5

Theo s :
4 2 3
3 3
CH C H Cl
n = 2.n = 2.4.10 = 8.10 (mol)
V H = 50%
4
3
3
CH (thct)
8.10
V = = 16.10 (mol)
0,5

Suy ra
4
3 3 3
CH (thct)
V = 16.10 .22,4 = 358,4.10 (lt) = 358,4 (m )
V CH
4
ch chim 80% kh thin nhin nn

3
(kh thin nhin)
358,4.100
V = = 448,0 (m )
80

p n ng l D
Cu 44.
Xt cc pin:
* Pin sai cch vit k hiu:
- Pin Ag - Cu (m phi l pin Cu - Ag)
- Pin Ag - Zn (m phi l pin Zn - Ag)
* Pin c gi tr sut in ng chun E
o
sai:
- Pin Zn - Ag:
+ 2+
o o o
pin
Ag /Ag Zn /Zn
E = E - E = 0,8 - (-0,76) = 1,56V

Vy ch c 1 pin c k hiu ng v
o
pin
E ng
(Pin Zn - Cu:
o
pin
E = +1,10V)
p n ng l A
Cu 45.
Theo bi ra:
2
Cl KCl
13,44 37,25
n = = 0,6 (mol); n = = 0,5 (mol)
22,4 74,5

PTHH : 3Cl
2
+ 6KOH
o
100 C
5KCl + KClO
3
+ 3H
2
O
mol 0,6 0,5
(Tnh theo KCl v Cl
2
d) C
dd KOH
=
0,6
= 0,24 (M)
2,5

p n ng l D

*Ch : Cl
2
+ 2KOH
o
t thng
KCl + KClO + H
2
O
(Nc Javen)
Cu 46.
Ta c s phn ng:
2FeS
2

3
+HNO
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
4
2
(1)
mol 0,12 0,06
Cu
2
S
3
+HNO
2CuSO
4
- SO
4
2
(2)
mol a a
Trong dung dch X (dung dch sau phn ng) ch thu c 2 mui sunfat (CuSO
4
, Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
,
khng c H
2
SO
4
)

2-
4
SO
n (d (1)) =
2-
4
SO
n (thiu (2))
0,06 (mol) = a (mol). Vy a = 0,06.
p n ng l A
Cu 47.
Thuc th l qu tm
Tht vy:
- Cho qu tm vo cc mu th, mu lm qu tm ha xanh l Na
2
CO
3

Na
2
CO
3
2Na
+
+ CO
3
2

CO
3
2
+ HOH

HCO
3
-
+ OH
-

Mi trng kim (OH
-
) lm qu tm ha xanh. Cc mu cn li (cc mui to t axit mnh v
baz mnh) khng lm i mu qu tm (mi trng trung tnh)
- Cho Na
2
CO
3
vo cc mu th 3 dung dch cn li, mu to ra kt ta trng l BaCl
2
:
BaCl
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
BaCO
3
+ + 2NaCl
Trng
Na
2
SO
4
+ Na
2
CO
3
khng phn ng
KNO
3
+ Na
2
CO
3
khng phn ng
- Cho BaCl
2
vo 2 mu th cn li, mu to ra kt ta trng l mu cha Na
2
SO
4
:
BaCl
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
+ + 2NaCl
Trng
KNO
3
+ BaCl
2
Khng phn ng
Mu cn li l KNO
3

p n ng l A
Cu 48.
Ht nhn nguyn t ch bn vng vi tia phng x nn ch c dng ngn cn tia phng x. p
n ng l C

Cu 49.
PTHH:
Cl
2
+ 2KOH KCl + KClO + H
2
O
a a (mol)
3Cl
2
+ 6KOH 5KCl + KClO
3
+ 3H
2
O
b
5b
(mol)
3

Theo bi ra: a =
5b
3
3a = 5b
b 3
= =0,6
a 5

p n ng l B
Cu 50.
loi kh Cl
2
(lm sch khng kh) c th dng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
:
2Ca(OH)
2
+ 2Cl
2
CaCl
2
+ Ca(OCl)
2
+ 2H
2
O
p n ng l B
Cu 51.
Hon thnh cc PTHH:
(1) O
3
+ 2KI + H
2
O I
2
+ O
2
+ 2KOH
Dung dch KI
(2) MnO
2
+ 4HCl
()

o
t
MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
|+ 2H
2
O
(3) 2F
2
+ 2H
2
O
o
t
O
2
+ 4HF
(4) 4Cl
2
+ H
2
S + 4H
2
O 8HCl + H
2
SO
4

Dung dch H
2
S
Vy cc phn ng to ra n cht l 1, 2, 3
p n ng l A
Cu 52.
Phn ng:
0 +6 +4
S + 2H
2
SO
4
3SO
2
| + 2H
2
O
0 +4 0
1x S - 4e S (nguyn t S b oxi ha)
+6 +4 +6
2x S + 2e S (nguyn t S b kh)

t l gia s nguyn t lu hunh b kh v s nguyn t lu hunh b oxi ha l 2 : 1.
p n ng l D
Cu 53.
dn in ca dung dch cht in li ph thuc vo nng cc ion (ht mang in) cha trong
. Nng cc ion ln th dn in ln v ngc li. Nc l cht khng dn in, khi thm
CH
3
COOH vo th:
CH
3
COOH H
+
+ CH
3
COO
-
, nng cc ion tng dn in tng dn
Nhng ch l khi thm CH
3
COOH vo cng nhiu th lng H
2
O s phi gim, do s
phn li ca CH
3
COOH s phi gim nng ion gim dn in gim dn
p n ng l B
Cu 54.
Theo thuyt Bronstet, cht lng tnh l nhng cht va c kh nng cho, va c kh nng nhn
proton (H
+
)
p n ng l B
Tht vy: HCO
3
-
+ H
+

H
2
CO
3

Baz

HCO
3
-
+ H
2
O

CO
3
2
+ H
3
O
+

Axit
HS
-
+ H
+

H
2
S
Baz
HS
-
+ H
2
O

H
3
O
+
+ S
2

Axit
HPO
4
2
+ H
+

H
2
PO
4
-

Baz
HPO
4
2
+ H
2
O

H
3
O
+
+ PO
4
3

Axit
H
2
PO
4
-
+ H
+

H
3
PO
4

Baz
H
2
PO
4
-
+ H
2
O

H
3
O
+
+ HPO
4
2

Axit
*Ch : - Axit (Baz) l nhng cht (phn t hoc ion) c kh nng cho (nhn) proton (H
+

- HSO
4
-
khng phi l ion lng tnh v
HSO
4
-
+ H
2
O

H
3
O
+
+ SO
4
2

Nhng HSO
4
-
+ H
+
H
2
SO
4
(khng xy ra)
HSO
4
-
l axit (tnh baz rt yu)
Cu 55.
Hon thnh cc PTHH:
(1) Cu(NO
3
)
2

o
t
CuO + 2NO
2
| + 1/2O
2
|
(2) NH
4
NO
2

o
t
N
2
| + 2H
2
O
(3) 4NH
3
+ 5O
2

o
850 C, Pt
4NO + 6H
2
O
(4) 2NH
3
+ 3Cl
2

o
t
N
2
| + 6HCl
(5) NH
4
Cl
o
t
NH
3
+ HCl
(6) 2NH
3
+ 3CuO
o
t
N
2
|+ 3Cu + 3H
2
O
Vy cc phn ng to kh N
2
l 2, 4, 6.
p n ng l D
Cu 56.
Hon thnh cc PTP:
(1) 2Cu
2
O + Cu
2
S
o
t
6Cu + SO
2
|
(2) 2Cu(NO
3
)
2

o
t
2CuO + 4NO
2
+ O
2
|
(3) CuO + CO
o
t
Cu + CO
2
|
(4) 3CuO + 2NH
3

o
t
3Cu + N
2
| + 3H
2
O
Cc phn ng to ra kim loi Cu l 1, 3, 4 (3 phn ng). p n ng l A
Cu 57.
C
4
H
8
O
2
tc dng vi NaOH l axit hoc este (n chc)

+v
2.4 + 2 - 8
n = = 1 (C=O)
2

Suy ra l axit cacboxylic no, n chc
Hoc este no, n chc
Cc cht l:


1) CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH 2) CH
3
-CH-COOH
CH
3

3) HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
4) HCOOCH-CH
3

CH
3

5) CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
6) CH
3
CH
2
COOCH
3

Vy c 6 cht.
p n ng l C
Cu 58.
dn in gim dn theo Ag > Cu > Au > Al > Fe.
p n ng l B
*Ch : Ag dn in tt nht, ri n Cu
Cu 59.
Theo bi ra:
2 2
O H
5,04 1,8
n = = 0,225 (mol); n = = 0,9 (mol)
22,4 2

Theo nh lut bo ton electron, ta c:

24,3.n
= 0,9 + 1,8 = 2,7
M
24,3n = 2,7M 9n = M
Ta c bng:





Vy M l Al. p n ng l C
Cu 60.
Theo bi ra:
Cu
3,84
n = = 0,06 (mol)
64

* Th nghim 1:
3
HNO
n = 0,080.1 = 0,08 (mol)
PTHH: 3Cu + 8HNO
3
3Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,06 0,08 (mol)
Phn ng: 0,03 0,08 0,02 (mol)
Suy ra:
NO (1)
0,08.2
n = = 0,02 (mol)
8

* Th nghim 2:
3 2 4
HNO H SO
n = 0,08 mol; n = 0,08.0,5 = 0,04 (mol)

-
3
NO
n = 0,08 mol

+
H
n = 0,08 + 0,04.2 = 0,16 (mol)
PTHH: 3Cu + 2NO
3
-
+ 8H
+
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,06 0,08 0,16
Phn ng: 0,060,04 0,16 0,04 (mol)
Suy ra:
NO (2)
0,06.2
n = = 0,04 (mol)
3

Do : n
NO

(2)
= 2.n
NO

(1)
V
2
= 2V
1
(i vi cht kh, trong cng iu kin, t l v s mol
cng bng t l v th tch)
p n ng l B





n 1 2 3
M 9 (Be) 18 27 (Al)
KL Loi Loi Tha