05/09/2011

1
M hnh OSI v TCP/IP
Ni dung chnh
Phn 1:
Phn 2:
Phn 3:
Phn 4:
M hnh kin trc da tng
M hnh OSI
M hnh TCP/IP
Kho st cc lp ca OSI v TCP/IP
Phn 1: M hnh kin trc da tng
ni dung chnh
t thc
M hnh ki n trc da tng
Mang my tnh duoc thit k vi kin trc da tng.
Mi tng dm nhim mt chc nng truyn thng:
jnh tuyn
Gn dja chi
Check li
Truyn tn hiu
Cc tng cha cc tin trnh nhm cung cp th
tuc, djch vu cho tng trn
S tng v chc nng tng tng do nh thit k v
sn xut quy djnh (theo chun quc t)
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2
Quy tc phn tng
S tng, chc nng mi tng trong cc
h thng mang l nhu nhau, chc nng
cc tng dc lp v c tnh m
Mi quan h gia cc tng duoc goi l
giao din tng, phi duoc thit k ti uu
nht
Mi tng c cc giao thc ca tng d
D liu duoc dng gi qua tt c cc
tng bn gi v duoc gdn bn
nhn
Mi quan h gia cc tng
Luu chuyn thng tin gia cc tng
Phn 2: M hnh OSI
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3
OSI (Open System Interconnection)
M hnh OSI cu trc nhu sau:
Truyn d li u trong m hnh OSI
Chc nng tng tng
Lp Presentation
Lp trnh presentation c ba chc nng
chnh:
M ha v chuyn di d liu ca lp ng dung
d bo dm rng d liu t thit bj ngun c th
duoc gii m bi cc ng dung thch hop trn
thit bj dch.
Nn d liu nhung phi dm bo l dch gii nn
duoc
M ha d liu d truyn v gii m d liu nhn
duoc
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4
Lp Session
Chc nng chnh l:
Tao v qun l su tuong tc gia cc ng dung
ngun v dch
Lp phin x l vic trao di thng tin d khi
tao su tuong tc, gi cho chng hoat dng v
khi dng lai phin bj gin doan hoc nhn ri
trong mt thi gian di.
Lp ng dng (Appl ication)
Chi r djnh dang v diu khin cc thng tin
cn thit cho cc djch vu Internet ph bin
nhu:
Domain Name Service Protocol (DNS)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Telnet
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Phn 3: M hnh TCP/IP
M hnh TCP/IP
Chng giao thc hoat dng nhm cung cp
m hnh truyn thng lin mang
C hai bn:
TCP/IPv4 (1982)
TCP/IPv6 (1994)
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5
So snh TCP/IP v OSI
Phn 4: Kho st cc lp m hnh OSI v TCP/IP
Lp Transport
H tro cho vic phnmnhv tp hop d liu thnh
cc data stream.
Reliability (tincy)
FlowControl
Hai protocol lptransportlayer lTCP v UDP:
Vi TCP th qu trnhthuc hinqua ba buc sau:
Thit lp kt ni (connectionestablishment).
Truynd liu (data tranfer).
Kt thc kt ni (connectiontermination).
UDP l nghi thc khng tin cy, n khng dmbo
d liu dn dch c bj mt hay khng, dng th tu
hay khng. UDP nh cc nghi thc lp trn dm
nhnchc nngny
Lp Transport (Ti p)
TCP hoc UDP dng port hoc socket, n l
con s m thng qua d thng tin duoc
truyn ln cc lp cao hon. Cc port c gi
trj nh hon 1024 duoc dng lm cc port
chun. Cc ng dung ring nndng port c
gi trj lnhon 1024.
Gi trj port duoc cha trong phn dja chi
ngun v dch ca mi segment TCP.
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Lp Transport (Ti p)
iu khin lung (Flow Control)
Lp Transport (Ti p)
Acknowledgment
Lp Transport (Ti p)
Windowing
Lp Transport (Ti p)
C TCP v UDP du s dung Port (hoc
socket) d gi thng tin dn cc tng trn
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Lp Transport (Ti p)
Port c gi trj t: 0 65535.
Port dui 1023: dnh cho cc ng dung ph
bin, goi l cc Port chun.
Port t 1024: cc Port chua s dung.
Mi ng dung c Port ring. V du djch vu
FTP c Port mc djnh l 20 v 21, trong khi
djch vu Web lai c Port mc djnh l 80. Khi
my tnh khc mun s dung djch vu Web
th phi kt ni vo Port 80.
Lp Transport (Ti p)
c dimca giao thc TCP:
Connection-oriented(hungkt ni)
Reliable (tincy)
C th gi lai cc thng tin d gi nhung my
nhnchua nhn duoc.
Sp xp lai cc gi tin nhn duoc theo dng trt
tu nhu bngi.
Lp Transport (Ti p)
27
Time Time
Sende
r
Receiv
er
send pkt0
pkt1 is
corrupted
rcv ACK
send pkt1
rcv NAK
resend pkt1
pkt1 is
OK
Lp Transport (Ti p)
jnh dang ca gi tin TCP
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Lp Transport (Ti p)
Mt s trung cn quan tmtrong cu trc
gi tin TCP:
Source Port: Port ngun (Port trn my gi)
Destination Port: Port dch (Port trn my nhn)
Sequence Number: L s tun tu ca octet d
liu dutintrongsegment (tr khi c SYN duoc
bt)
Acknowledgment number: Cha gi trj ca gi tin
k tipmbn nhn dangch.
Window: Chi ra s luong gi tin ti da m bn
nhnc th nhn cngmtthi dim
Lp Transport (Ti p)
Mt s trung cn quan tmtrong cu trc
gi tin TCP (tt):
Control bits: (8 bit)
URG: Urgent Poi nter fi el d si gni ficant
ACK: Acknowl edgment fi eld si gni ficant
EOL: End of Letter
RST: Reset the connecti on
SYN: Synchroni ze sequence numbers
FIN : No more data from sender
Checksum: Dng d kimli phn header v
phnd liu
Data: d liu duoc cha trong phn ny
Lp Transport (Ti p)
UDP chuyn d liu theo hnh thc khng
tin cy. c dimca UDP:
Connectionless (phi kt ni).
Unreliable(khngtincy)
Khng dm bo vic phn pht cc gi tin dn
dngdch(unreliable).
Khng sp xp th tu ca cc gi tin sau khi
nhn duoc.
Lp Transport (Ti p)
Mt s giao thc (protocols) s dung UDP
l:
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol)
DNS (Domain Name System)
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Lp Transport (Ti p)
jnh dang gi tin UDP
UDP l giao thc don gin d chuyn d
liu, m khng cn xc nhn v dm bo
vic phn phi.
Lp Network (Internet)
jnh tuyn (Routing) l qu trnh chuyn
thng tin qua mang t noi gi ti noi nhn.
jnh tuyn c hai thnh phn l chuyn
mach (switching) v chon dung (path
determination).
Dua vo bng djnh tuyn (routing table),
thit bj s quyt djnh dja chi k tip cn di
qua d d liu c th dn duoc dch.
Cung cp dja chi logical address (IP
address)
Cung cp cc giao thc IP, IPX,
Lp Network (tip)
Qu trnh x l ARP
1.Chun bj gi d liu
2.Kim tra dja chi
MAC c trong ARP
table ?
3.Gi gi tin ARP
request
4.Nhn gi tin ARP
reply
5.Ly thng tin dja chi
MAC d gi gi tin.
1
2
3
4
5
No
Yes
Lp Network (tip)
i tm dja chi MAC ca my C
10.0.2.1
A.B.C.1.2.3
10.0.2.9
A.B.C.7.8.9
10.0.2.5
A.B.C.4.5.6
A B C
ARP Tabl e:
?
MAC
A.B.C.1.2.3
MAC
?
IP
10.0.2.1
IP
10.0.2.9
Data
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Lp Network (tip)
Gi gi tin Broadcast (ARP request) di
10.0.2.1
A.B.C.1.2.3
10.0.2.9
A.B.C.7.8.9
10.0.2.5
A.B.C.4.5.6
A B C
MAC
A.B.C.1.2.3
MAC
ff.ff.ff.ff.ff.ff
IP
10.0.2.1
IP
10.0.2.9
What i s your MAC Addr?
Lp Network (tip)
My C nhn duoc gi tin Broadcast
10.0.2.1
A.B.C.1.2.3
10.0.2.9
A.B.C.7.8.9
10.0.2.5
A.B.C.4.5.6
A B C
MAC
A.B.C.1.2.3
MAC
ff.ff.ff.ff.ff.ff
IP
10.0.2.1
IP
10.0.2.9
What i s your MAC Addr?
Lp Network (tip)
My C tr li bng gi tin ARP reply
10.0.2.1
A.B.C.1.2.3
10.0.2.9
A.B.C.7.8.9
10.0.2.5
A.B.C.4.5.6
A B C
MAC
A.B.C.7.8.9
MAC
A.B.C.1.2.3
IP
10.0.2.9
IP
10.0.2.1
Thi s i s my MAC Addr
Lp Network (tip)
My A gi gi tin dn my C thng qua dja
chi MAC va tm duoc
10.0.2.1
A.B.C.1.2.3
10.0.2.9
A.B.C.7.8.9
10.0.2.5
A.B.C.4.5.6
A B C
ARP Tabl e:
A.B.C.7.8.9 10.0.2.9
MAC
A.B.C.1.2.3
MAC
A.B.C.7.8.9
IP
10.0.2.1
IP
10.0.2.9
Data
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Lp Network (tip)
Qu trnh dja chi MAC
trong 2 trung hop
Cng dung mang
Khc dung mang
Lp Network (tip)
Qu trnh thuc hin lnh Ping
Lp Network Access
Chia lm hai tng con: LLC, v MAC.
Lp 2 h tro lp 1:
Lp 1 khng th giao tip duoc vi cc lp trn ->lp 2 s
dung tng LLC d giao tip
Lp 1 khng th xc djnh cc my tnh ->lp 2 xc djnh
my tnh dua vo dja chi MAC
Lp 1 chi c th m t 1 chui bit lin tuc ->lp 2 t chc,
phn chia thnh tng nhmbit c ngha
Lp 1 khng th no quyt djnh my tnh no duoc quyn
gi thng tin ln mi trung nu cng mt lc c nhiu my
tnh mun gi thng tin ->Lp 2 s dung h thng h tro
Media Access Control (MAC).
Cc phuong php truy cp mi trung truyn dn
Cm sng da truy c pht hin dung d
(CSMA/CD).
Chuyn th bi (Token-passing):
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Cc phuong php truy cp mi trung
truyn dn
K thut CSMA/CD
Workstation 1 gi dn workstation 5
Workstation 3 gi dn workstation 4
Cc phuong php truy cp mi trung
truyn dn
K thut CSMA/CD
Host mun gi d liu.
Tn hiu trn dung truyn ?
Chun bj frame d gi.
Gi Frame di.
Kimtra collision ?
Tip tuc gi frame.
gi xong d liu ?
Kt thc gi d liu.
Pht sinh tn hiu tt nghn
(J AM)
S ln d gi tng ln 1
S ln d gi qu ln ?
Hy b vic truyn d liu
Dng thut ton backoff d tnh
ton thi gian ch (t ms)
Ch t ms, sau d gi lai
Cc phuong php truy cp mi trung
truyn dn
K thut Token-Ring
i t Workstation 2 dn Workstation 5
Cc phuong php truy cp mi trung
truyn dn
K thut Token-Ring (khi c su c)
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Cc phuong php truy cp mi trung
truyn dn
K thut Token
Ring
1.Bt du
2.Ch th bi (Token)
3.Gi th bi
4.C mun gi d liu
?
5.Gi d liu di
6. ht thi gian cho
php ?
7.Gii phng th bi
8.Kt thc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
No
Yes
Yes No
Cu hi ?