I- L DO CHN CHUYN :

Theo thi gian, s pht trin khoa hc k thut ngy cng t c nhng thnh tu to ln; nhng
kin thc khoa hc ngy cng su v rng hn. Khoa hc k thut c nhng tc ng quan trng
gp phn lm thay i b mt ca x hi loi ngi, nht l nhng ngnh khoa hc k thut cao.
Cng nh cc mn khoa hc khc, Vt l hc l b mn khoa hc c bn, lm c s l thuyt cho
mt s mn khoa hc ng dng mi ngy nay. S pht trin ca Vt l hc dn ti s xut hin nhiu
ngnh k thut mi: K thut in, k thut in t, t ng ho v iu khin hc, cng ngh thng
tin
Do c tnh thc tin, nn b mn Vt l cc trng ph thng l mn hc mang tnh hp dn.
Tuy vy, Vt l l mt mn hc kh v c s ca n l ton hc. Bi tp vt l rt a dng v phong
ph. Trong phn phi chng trnh s tit bi tp li hi t so vi nhu cu cn cng c kin thc cho
hc sinh. Chnh v th, ngi gio vin phi lm th no tm ra phng php tt nht nhm to cho
hc sinh nim say m yu thch mn hc ny. Gip hc sinh vic phn loi cc dng bi tp v hng
dn cch gii l rt cn thit. Vic lm ny rt c li cho hc sinh trong thi gian ngn nm c
cc dng bi tp, nm c phng php gii v t c th pht trin hng tm ti li gii mi cho
cc dng bi tng t.
Trong yu cu v i mi gio dc v vic nh gi hc sinh bng phng php trc nghim
khch quan th khi hc sinh nm c dng bi v phng php gii s gip cho hc sinh nhanh chng
tr c bi .
Trong cu trc thi i hc th phn Dng in xoay chiu chim khong t 8 n 10 trong
tng s 50 cu trc nghim.
Chng ta bit rng trong chng trnh Vt l lp 12, bi tp v in xoay chiu l phc tp v
kh. Qua nhng nm ng lp ti nhn thy hc sinh thng rt lng tng trong vic tm cch gii
cc dng bi tp ton ny. Xut pht t thc trng trn, qua kinh nghim ging dy, ti chn chuyn
: CCH GII CC DNG BI TON IN XOAY CHIU .
Chuyn ny nhm gip hc sinh khc su nhng kin thc l thuyt , c mt h thng bi tp
v phng php gii chng, gip cc em c th nm c cch gii v t ch ng vn dng cc
phng php ny trong khi lm bi tp. T hoc sinh c thm k nng v cch gii cc bi tp Vt l,
cng nh gip cc em hc sinh c th nhanh chng gii cc bi ton trc nghim v bi tp in xoay
chiu phong ph v a dng .
II. THC TRNG TRC KHI THC HIN CC GII PHP CA CHUYN .
1
Chuyn :
CC DNG BI TON V IN XOAY CHIU .
Tm tt :
Chuyn a ra phn loi v cch gii cc dng
bi ton v mch in xoay chiu.
Chng ta bit rng B mn Vt l bao gm mt h thng l thuyt v bi tp a dng v phong
ph. Theo phn phi chng trnhVt l lp 12 bi tp v in xoay chiu l rt phc tp v kh , s
tit bi tp li hi t so vi nhu cu cn nm kin thc cho hc sinh. Qua nhng nm ng lp ti nhn
thy hc sinh thng rt lng tng trong vic tm cch gii cc dng bi tp ton ny.
V trong yu cu v i mi nh gi hc sinh bng phng php trc nghim khch quan th khi
hc sinh nm c dng bi v phng php gii s gip cc em nhanh chng tr c bi .
Xut pht t thc trng trn, cng mt s kinh nghim ging dy, ti chn chuyn : CC
CCH GII CC DNG BI TON IN XOAY CHIU.
Hin ti cng c nhiu sch tham kho cng trnh by v vn ny cc gc khc nhau .
chuyn ny trnh by vic phn loi cc dng bi tp v hng dn cch gii c tnh h thng vi
nhng ch gip cc em nm su sc cc vn lin quan. Vic lm ny rt c li cho hc sinh trong
thi gian ngn nm c cc dng bi tp nm c phng php gii v t c th pht trin
hng tm ti li gii mi cho cc bi tng t.
III. PHM VI P DNG V GII HN NI DUNG CA CHUYN :
1. Phm vi p dng: Chng trnh Vt l lp 12,Chng V: DNG IN XOAY CHIU
2. D kin s tit bi dng: 10 tit
3. Gii hn ni dung: Chuyn t ra yu cu phn loi cc dng bi tp, a ra li gii cho tng
dng bi tp v a ra nhng hng vn dng phng php v pht trin hng tm ti khc.
C . NI DUNG CHUYN :
2
Dng 1. Bi tp cch to ra dng in xoay chiu:
I. Hiu in th dao ng iu ho dng in xoay chiu- cc gi tr hiu dng.
+ S: L din tch mt vng dy ; + N: S vng dy ca khung
+
B
ur
: Vc t cm ng t ca t trng u (
B
ur
vung gc vi trc quay )
+

: Vn tc gc khng i ca khung dy
( Chn gc thi gian t=0 lc ( , ) n B
r ur
0
0
)
a. Chu k v tn s ca khung :
2 1
; T f
T

b. Biu thc t thng ca khung: . . .cos .cos o N B S t t
(Vi = L I v H s t cm L = 4

.10
-7
N
2
.S/l )
c. Biu thc ca sut in ng cm ng tc thi: e =
0
' .sin os( )
2
NBS t E c t
t

d. Biu thc ca in p tc thi: u = U
0

os( ) u c t +
(
u
l pha ban u ca in p )
e. Biu thc ca cng dng in tc thi trong mch: I = I
0
os( ) i c t +

(
i
l pha ban u ca dng in)
f. Gi tr hiu dng : + Cng dng in hiu dng:I =
0
2
I
+ Hiu in th hiu dng: U =
0
2
U
+ Sut in ng hiu dng: E =
0
2
E
II. Bi tp c li gii
Bi 1: Mt khung dy c din tch S = 60cm2 quay u vi vn tc 20 vng trong mt giy. Khung
t trong t trng u B = 2.10-2T. Trc quay ca khung vung gc vi cc ng cm ng t, lc t
= 0 php tuyn khung dy c hng ca .
a. Vit biu thc t thng xuyn qua khung dy.
b. Vit biu thc sut in ng cm ng xut hin trong khung dy.
Hng dn:
a. Chu k:
1 1
0,05
20
o
T
n

(s). Tn s gc:
2 2 .20 40
o
n
(rad/s).
2 4 5
1.2.10 .60.10 12.10
o
NBS

(Wb). Vy
5
12.10 cos40 t

(Wb)
b.
5 2
40 .12.10 1,5.10
o o
E

(V)
Vy
2
1,5.10 sin40 e t

(V) Hay
2
cos
2
1,5.10 40 e t

_

,

(V)
Bi 2: Mt khung dy dn gm N = 100 vng qun ni tip, din tch mi vng dy l S = 60cm2.
Khung dy quay u vi tn s 20 vng/s, trong mt t trng u c cm ng t B = 2.10-2T. Trc
quay ca khung vung gc vi .
a. Lp biu thc ca sut in ng cm ng tc thi.
b. V th biu din sut in ng cm ng tc thi theo thi gian.
Hng dn:
a. Chu k:
1 1
0, 05
20
o
T
n

s.Tn s gc: 2 2 20 40
o
n (rad/s)
Bin ca sut in ng: E
o
= NBS = 40

.100.2.10
-2
.60.10
-4

1,5V
Chn gc thi gian lc
( )
, 0 n B
r ur
0 .
3
Sut in ng cm ng tc thi: sin 1,5sin40
o
e E t t (V) Hay 1,5cos 40
2
_


,
e t

(V).
b. th biu din e theo t l ng hnh sin:
- Qua gc ta O.
- C chu k T = 0,05s
- Bin E
o
= 1,5V.
III. Bi tp t gii
Bi 3 : Mt khung dy dn c N = 100 vng dy
qun ni tip, mi vng c din tch S = 50cm
2
. Khung dy c t trong t trng u B = 0,5T.
Lc t = 0, vect php tuyn ca khung dy hp vi
B
uur
gc
3

. Cho khung dy quay u vi tn

s 20 vng/s quanh trc (trc i qua tm v song song vi mt cnh ca khung) vung gc vi
B
uur
. Chng t rng trong khung xut hin sut in ng cm ng e v tm biu thc ca e theo t.
Bi 4 (H - 20 0 8 : Mt khung dy dn hnh ch nht c 100 vng, din tch mi vng 600 cm
2
, quay
u quanh trc i xng ca khung vi vn tc gc 120 vng/pht trong mt t trng u c cm
ng t bng 0,2T. Trc quay vung gc vi cc ng cm ng t. Chn gc thi gian lc vect php
tuyn ca mt phng khung dy ngc hng vi vect cm ng t. Biu thc sut in ng cm ng
trong khung.
Bi 5:Mt khung dy quay u trong t trng
B
ur
vung gc vi trc quay ca khung vi tc n =
1800 vng/ pht. Ti thi im t = 0, vct php tuyn
n
r
ca mt phng khung dy hp vi
B
ur
mt
gc 30
0
. T thng cc i gi qua khung dy l 0,01Wb. Biu thc ca sut in ng cm ng xut
hin trong khung l :
Dng 2: Vit biu thc ca u v i:
I.KIN THC CN NH:
a) on mch ch c in tr thun: u
R
cng pha vi i : I =
R
U
R
b) on mch ch c t in C: u
C
tr pha so vi i gc
2

.
- L m: I =
C
C
Z
U
; vi Z
C
=
C
1
l dung khng ca t in.
-t in p
2 cos u U t
vo hai u mt t in th cng dng in qua n c gi tr hiu
dng l I. Ti thi im t, in p hai u t in l u v cng dng in qua n l i. H thc
lin h gia cc i lng l :
Ta c:
1
2 2
1
2
2
2
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
+ +
C C
U
u
I
i
U
u
I
i

2 2
2 2
u i
2
U I
+
c) on mch ch c cun dy thun cm L: u
L
sm pha hn i gc
2

.
- L m: I =
L
L
Z
U
; vi Z
L
= L l cm khng ca cun dy.
-t in p
2 cos u U t
vo hai u mt cun cm thun th cng dng in qua n c gi
tr hiu dng l I. Ti thi im t, in p hai u cun cm thun l u v cng dng in
qua n l i. H thc lin h gia cc i lng l :
Ta c:
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
0 0L L
i u i u
1 1
I U 2I 2U
+ +

2 2
2 2
u i
2
U I
+
4
C
A B
R
L
N M
C
B A
L
A B
d) on mch c R, L, C khng phn nhnh:
+ lch pha gia u v i xc nh theo biu thc: tan =
R
Z Z
C L

=
1
L
C
R

+ Cng hiu dng xc nh theo nh lut m: I =

Z
U
.
Vi Z =
2
C L
2
) Z - (Z R + l tng tr ca on mch.
+ Cng hng in trong on mch RLC: Khi Z
L
= Z
C
hay =
LC
1
th
I
max
=
R
U
, P
max
=
R
U
2
, u cng pha vi i ( = 0).
Khi Z
L
> Z
C
th u nhanh pha hn i (on mch c tnh cm khng).
Khi Z
L
< Z
C
th u tr pha hn i (on mch c tnh dung khng).
R tiu th nng lng di dng to nhit, Z
L
v Z
C
khng tiu th nng lng in.
e) on mch c R, L,r, C khng phn nhnh:
+ lch pha gia u
AB
v i xc nh theo biu thc:
tan =
L C
Z Z
R r

+
=
1
L
C
R r

+
+ Cng hiu dng xc nh theo nh lut m: I =
Z
U
.
Vi Z =
2 2
L C
(R+r) (Z - Z ) + l tng tr ca on mch.
+ Cch nhn bit cun dy c in tr thun r
-Xt ton mch, nu: Z
2 2
) (
C L
Z Z R + ;U
2 2
) (
C L R
U U U + hoc P I
2
R hoc cos
Z
R

th cun dy c in tr thun r 0.
-Xt cun dy, nu: Ud U
L
hoc Z
d
Z
L
hoc P
d
0 hoc cos
d
0 hoc
d

2

th cun dy c in tr thun r 0.
II.PHNG PHP GII:
A) Mch in ch cha mt phn t ( hoc R, hoc L, hoc C)
- Mch in ch c in tr thun : u v i cng pha: =
u
-
i
= 0 Hay
u
=
i

+ Ta c: 2 os( t+ )
i
i I c th 2 os( t+ )
R i
u U c ; vi
R
R
U
I .
I. Bi tp c li gii
V d 1: in p gia hai u mt on mch in xoay chiu ch c in tr thun R= 100 c biu
thc u=200 2 cos(100 )( )
4
t V

+ . Vit biu thc ca cng dng in trong mch.

+Gii :Tnh I
0
hoc I

= U /.R =200/100 =2A; i cng pha vi u hai u R, nn ta c:
i
=
u
= /4
Suy ra: i =2 2 cos(100 )( )
4
t A

+
-Mch in ch c t in:
5
C
A B
R
L,r
N M
u
C
tr pha so vi i gc
2

. -> =
u
-
i
=-
2

Hay
u
=
i
-
2

;
i
=
u
+
2

+Nu cho 2 os( t) i I c th vit: 2 os( t- )

2
u U c

v L m:
C
C
U
I
z

vi
1
C
Z
C
.
+Nu cho 2 os( t) u U c th vit: 2 os( t+ )
2
i I c


+V d 2: in p gia hai u mt on mch in xoay chiu ch c t c in dung C=
4
10
( ) F

c biu thc u=200 2 cos(100 ) ( ) t V . Vit biu thc ca cng dng in trong mch.
Gii : Tnh
1
.
C
Z
C
=100, Tnh I hoc I
o
= U /.Z
L
=200/100 =2A;
i sm pha gc /2 so vi u hai u t in; Suy ra: i =2 2 cos(100 )( )
2
t A

+
-Mch in ch c cun cm thun :
u
L
sm pha hn i gc
2

-> =
u
-
i
=
2

Hay
u
=
i
+
2

;
i
=
u
-
2

+Nu cho 2 os( t) i I c th vit: 2 os( t+ )

2
u U c

v L m:
L
L
U
I
z

vi
L
Z L

Nu cho 2 os( t) u U c th vit: 2 os( t- )
2
i I c


V d 3: Hiu in th gia hai u mt on mch in xoay chiu ch c cun cm c t cm
L=
) (
1
H

c biu thc u=
) ( )
3
100 cos( 2 200 V t

+
. Vit biu thc cng dng in trong
mch.
Gii : Tnh
L
Z L
= 100.1/ =100, Tnh I
0
hoc I

= U /.Z
L
=200/100 =2A;
i tr pha gc /2 so vi u hai u cun cm thun, nn ta c:
3 2

= -
6

Suy ra: i =
) ( )
6
100 cos( 2 2 A t



Bi tp t gii:
Cu 1 : in p gia hai u mt on mch in xoay chiu ch c in tr thun R= 200 c biu
thc u=200 2 cos(100 )( )
4
t V

+ . Vit biu thc cng dng in trong mch.

Cu 2 : Cho hiu in th gia hai u 1 on mch xoay chiu ch c cun thun cm ) (
1
H L

l :
100 2 100
3
cos( t )(V )

. Vit biu thc cng dng in trong mch.

Cu 3 : Cho in p hai u t C l u = 100cos(100t- /2 )(V). Vit biu thc cng dng in
trong mch. , bit ) (
10
4
F C

Cu 4 : t in p 200 2 os(100 t+ ) u c (V) vo hai u on mch ch c cun thun cm

) (
1
H L

th cng dng in qua mch l:

Cu 5 : t in p 200 2 os(100 t) u c (V) vo hai u on mch ch c cun thun cm L=
6
0,318(H) (Ly
1

0,318) th cng dng in qua mch l:
Cu 6 : t in p 200 2 os(100 t) u c (V) vo hai u on mch ch c t n c C = 15,9F
(Ly
1

0,318) th cng dng in qua mch l:
Cu 7 : t mt hiu in th xoay chiu vo hai u cun dy ch c t cm L=
H
2
1
th cng
dng in qua cun dy c biu thc i=3 2 cos(100t+
6

)(A). Biu thc no sau y l hiu in

th hai u on mch:
Cu 8 : Xc nh p n ng .Cng dng in qua t in i = 4cos100

t (A). in dung l
31,8

F.Hiu in th t hai u t in l:
B) Mch in khng phn nhnh (R L C)
- Phng php gii : Tm Z, I, ( hoc I
0
)v
Bc 1: Tnh tng tr Z: Tnh
L
Z L
.;
1 1
2
C
Z
C fC

v
2 2
( )
L C
Z R Z Z +
Bc 2: nh lut m : U v I lin h vi nhau bi
U
I
Z

; I
o
=
Z
U
o
;
Bc 3: Tnh lch pha gia u hai u mch v i: tan
L C
Z Z
R

;
Bc 4: Vit biu thc u hoc i
-Nu cho trc: 2 os( t) i I c th biu thc ca u l 2 os( t+ ) u U c
Hay i = I
o
cost th u = U
o
cos(t + ).
-Nu cho trc: 2 os( t) u U c th biu thc ca i l: 2 os( t- ) i I c
Hay u = U
o
cost th i = I
o
cos(t - )
* Khi: (u 0; i 0 ) Ta c : = u - i => u = i + ; i = u -
-Nu cho trc 2 os( t+ )
i
i I c th biu thc ca u l: 2 os( t+ + )
i
u U c
Hay i = I
o
cos(t + i) th u = U
o
cos(t + i + ).
-Nu cho trc 2 os( t+ )
u
u U c th biu thc ca i l: 2 os( t+ - )
u
i I c
Hay u = U
o
cos(t +u) th i = I
o
cos(t +u - )
I. Bi tp c li gii
V d 1: Mt mch in xoay chiu RLC khng phn nhnh c R = 100; C=
4
1
10 . F

; L=
2

H.
cng dng in qua mch c dng: i = 2cos100

t (A). Vit biu thc tc thi in p ca hai u

mch v hai u mi phn t mch in.
Hng dn :
-Cm khng :
2
100 200
L
Z L.

; Dung khng :
4
1 1
10
100
C
Z
.C
.

= 100
-Tng tr: Z =
2 2 2 2
100 200 100 100 2
L C
R ( Z Z ) ( ) + +
-HT cc i :U
0
= I
0
.Z = 2.
2 100
V =200
2
V
7
- lch pha:
200 100
tan 1
100 4
L C
Z Z
rad
R



;Pha ban u ca HT: + +
4
0


i u
4

=>Biu thc HT : u = )
4
100 cos( 2 200 ) cos(
0

+ + t t U
u
(V)
-HT hai u R :u
R
= U
0R
cos
) (
R
u
t +
; Vi : U
0R
= I
0
.R = 2.100 = 200 V;
Trong on mch ch cha R : u
R
cng pha i: u
R
= U
0R
cos
) (
R
u
t +
= 200cos t 100 V
-HT hai u L :u
L
= U
0L
cos
) (
L
u
t +
Vi : U
0L
= I
0
.Z
L
= 2.200 = 400 V;
Trong on mch ch cha L: u
L
nhanh pha hn cd
2

:
2 2
0
2

+ +
i uL
rad
=> u
L
= U
0L
cos
) (
R
u
t +
= 400cos )
2
100 (

+ t V
-HT hai u C :u
C
= U
0C
cos
) (
C
u
t +
Vi : U
0C
= I
0
.Z
C
= 2.100 = 200V;
Trong on mch ch cha C : u
C
chm pha hn cd
2

:
2 2
0
2


i uL
rad
=> u
C
= U
0C
cos
) (
C
u
t +
= 200cos )
2
100 (

t V
V d 2: Mch in xoay chiu gm mt in tr thun R = 40, mt cun thun cm c h s t cm
0,8
L

H v mt t in c in dung
4
2.10
C

F mc ni tip. Bit rng dng in qua mch c

dng 3cos100 i t (A).
a. Tnh cm khng ca cun cm, dung khng ca t in v tng tr ton mch.
b. Vit biu thc in p tc thi gia hai u in tr, gia hai u cun cm, gia hai u t in,
gia hai u mch in.
Hng dn:
a. Cm khng:
0,8
100 . 80
L
Z L

; Dung khng:
4
1 1
50
2.10
100 .
C
Z
C

Tng tr:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
40 80 50 50
L C
Z R Z Z + +
b. V u
R
cng pha vi i nn : cos100
R oR
u U t ;
Vi U
oR
= I
o
R = 3.40 = 120V Vy 120cos100 u t (V).
V u
L
nhanh pha hn i gc
2

nn: cos 100

2
L oL
u U t

_
+

,
Vi U
oL
= I
o
Z
L
= 3.80 = 240V; Vy 240cos 100
2
L
u t

_
+

,
(V).
V u
C
chm pha hn i gc
2

nn: cos 100

2
C oC
u U t

_


,
Vi U
oC
= I
o
Z
C
= 3.50 = 150V; Vy 150cos 100
2
C
u t

_


,
(V).
p dng cng thc:
80 50 3
tan
40 4
L C
Z Z
R

; 37
o

37
0, 2
180

(rad).
8
biu thc hiu in th tc thi gia hai u mch in: ( )
cos 100
o
u U t + ;
Vi U
o
= I
o
Z = 3.50 = 150V; Vy ( )
150cos 100 0, 2 u t + (V).
V d 3: Mt on mch in xoay chiu gm mt in tr thun R = 80, mt cun dy thun cm
c t cm L = 64mH v mt t in c in dung 40 C F mc ni tip.
a. Tnh tng tr ca on mch. Bit tn s ca dng in f = 50Hz.
b. on mch c t vo in p xoay chiu c biu thc 282cos314 u t (V). Lp biu thc
cng tc thi ca dng in trong on mch.
Hng dn:
a. Tn s gc:
2 2 .50 100 f
rad/s
Cm khng:
3
100 .64.10 20
L
Z L


Dung khng:
6
1 1
80
100 .40.10
C
Z
C


Tng tr:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
80 20 80 100
L C
Z R Z Z + +
b. Cng dng in cc i:
282
2,82
100
o
o
U
I
Z
A
lch pha ca hiu in th so vi cng dng in:

20 80 3
tan
80 4
L C
Z Z
R

37
o


37
37
180
o
i u

rad; Vy
37
2,82cos 314
180
i t

_
+

,
(A)
V d 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit
1
10
L

H,
3
10
4
C

F
v n ghi (40V- 40W). t vo 2 im A v N mt hiu in th
120 2 cos100
AN
u t (V). Cc dng c o khng lm nh
hng n mch in.
a. Tm s ch ca cc dng c o.
b. Vit biu thc cng dng in v in p ton mch.
Hng dn:
a. Cm khng:
1
100 . 10
10
L
Z L

; Dung khng:
3
1 1
40
10
100 .
4
C
Z
C

in tr ca bng n:
2 2
m
m
40
40
40

U
R
P

Tng tr on mch AN:
2 2 2 2
40 40 40 2

AN C
Z R Z + +
S ch ca vn k:
120 2
120
2 2
oAN
AN
U
U V
S ch ca ampe k:
120 3
2,12
40 2 2
AN
A
AN
U
I I
Z

A
b. Biu thc cng dng in c dng: ( )
cos 100
o i
i I t + (A)
9
Ta c :
40
tan 1
40

C
AN
Z
R

4
AN

rad

4
i uAN AN AN

rad;
3
2 . 2 3
2
o
I I A
Vy 3cos 100
4
i t

_
+

,
(A).
Biu thc hiu in th gia hai im A, B c dng: ( )
cos 100
AB o u
u U t + (V)
Tng tr ca on mch AB:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
40 10 40 50

AB L C
Z R Z Z + +
3.50 150
o o AB
U I Z V
Ta c:
10 40 3
tan
40 4

L C
AB
Z Z
R

37
180
AB

rad
37
4 180 20
u i AB

+ rad; Vy 150cos 100
20
AB
u t

_
+

,
(V)
V d 5: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v, R = 100, L l t cm ca cun dy thun cm,
4
10
3
C

F, R
A

0. in p 50 2 cos100
AB
u t (V). Khi K ng hay khi K m, s ch ca
ampe k khng i.
a. Tnh t cm L ca cun dy v s ch khng i ca ampe k.
b. Lp biu thc ca cng dng in tc thi trong mch khi K
ng v khi K m.
Hng dn:
a. Theo bi, in p v s ch ampe k khng i khi K ng hay khi K m nn tng tr Z khi K m
v khi K ng bng nhau

( )
2
2 2 2
m d L C C
Z Z R Z Z R Z + +

( )
2
2
L C C
Z Z Z

2
0
L C C L C
L C C L
Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z Z Z

'

Ta c:
4
1 1
173
10
100 .
3
C
Z
C

; 2 2.173 346
L C
Z Z
346
1,1
100
L
Z
L

H
S ch ampe k bng cng dng in hiu dng khi K ng:

2 2 2 2
50
0, 25
100 173
A d
d
C
U U
I I
Z
R Z

+ +
A
b. Biu thc cng dng in:
- Khi K ng: lch pha :
173
tan 3
100
C
d
Z
R

3
d

rad
Pha ban u ca dng in:
3
d
i u d d


10
(Loi)
Vy 0, 25 2 cos 100
3
d
i t

_
+

,
(A).
- Khi K m: lch pha:
346 173
tan 3
100
L C
m
Z Z
R

3
m


Pha ban u ca dng in:
3
m
i u m m


Vy 0, 25 2 cos 100
3
m
i t

_


,
(A).
II. Bi tp t gii
Bi 1 : Cho mch in nh hnh v :
U
AN
=150V ,U
MB
=200V. lch pha U
AM
v U
MB
l / 2
Dng in tc thi trong mch l : i=I
0
cos 100t (A) , cun dy thun cm.Hy vit biu thc U
AB
Bi 2 : Cho mch in khng phn nhnh gm R = 1003 , cun dy thun cm L v t in C =10
-
4
/2 (F). t vo 2 u mch in mt hiu in th u = 1002cos 100 t. Bit hiu in th U
LC
=
50V ,dng in nhanh pha hn hiu in th.Hy tnh L v vit biu thc cng dng in i trong
mch
Bi 3 : Cho mch in xoay chiu c R=30

, L=

1
(H), C=
7 . 0
10
4
(F); hiu in th 2 u mch l
u=120
2
cos100

t (V), th cng dng in trong mch l bao nhiu.

Bi 4 : Cho on mch xoay chiu c R=40

, L=

1
(H), C=
6 . 0
10
4
(F), mc ni tip hiu in th 2
u mch u=100
2
cos100

t (V), cng sut v cng dng in qua mch l bao nhiu.

Bi 5 : Cho mch xoay chiu c R, L, C mc ni tip cho R=30

,L =
1

(F). C thay i, hiu in th

2 u mch l u=120
2
cos100

t (V) vi C bng bao nhiu th u,i cng pha. Tm P khi

Bi 6 : Cho mch xoay chiu c R, L, C mc ni tip c R=30

, C=

4
10

(F) , L thay i c cho

hiu in th 2 u mch l U=100
2
cos100

t (V) , u nhanh pha hn i gc

6

rad th Z
L
v i khi
l:
Bi 7 : Mt mch gm cun dy thun cm c cm khng bng 10 mc ni tip vi t in c in
dung
4
2
.10 C F

. Dng in qua mch c biu thc 2 2 cos100 )

3
+ i t A

. Biu thc hiu in

th ca hai u on mch l bao nhiu
Bi 8 : Mch in xoay chiu gm in tr 40 R ghp ni tip vi cun cm L. Hiu in th tc
thi hai u on mch 80 s100 u co t v in p hiu dng hai u cun cm
L
U
=40V Biu thc i
qua mch l bao nhiu
Bi 9 : Cho mch R, L, C ni tip, R l bin tr. Hiu in th hai u mch c dng:
200 2 s100 u co t
(V);
1, 4
L H

;
4
10
2
C F

. R c gi tr bao nhiu cng sut tiu th ca mch

l 320W.
11
N
L
R
C
A
B
M
Bi 10 : Mt on mch in gm in tr R = 50 mc ni tip vi cun thun cm L = 0,5/ (H). t
vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu u = 100 2 cos(100t - /4) (V). Biu thc ca cng
dng in qua on mch bao nhiu
Bi 11 : Khi t in p khng i 30V vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun mc ni tip vi
cun cm thun c t cm
1
4
(H) th dng in trong on mch l dng in mt chiu c cng
1 A. Nu t vo hai u on mch ny in p
u 150 2 cos120 t
(V) th biu thc ca cng
dng in trong on mch l bao nhiu
Dng 3: Quan h gia cc in p hiu dng
Phng php gii: Dng cc cng thc:
Cng thc tnh U:
- Bit U
L
, U
C
, U
R
:
2 2 2
( )
R L C
U U U U + =>
2 2
( )
L C R
U U U U +
- Bit u=U
0
cos(t+) : Suy ra :
0
2
U
U
Cng thc tnh I:
- Bit i=I
0
cos(t+) : Suy ra:
0
2
I
I
- Bit U v Z hoc U
R
v R hoc U
L
v L hoc U
C
v C:
C R L
L C
U U U U
I
Z R Z Z

I. Bi tp c li gii
V d 1 . in p t vo hai u mt on mch R, L, C khng phn nhnh. in p hai u R l 80V,
hai u L l 120V, hai bn t C l 60V. in p hiu dng hai u on mch l bao nhiu.
Gii : . in p hai u on mch:

2 2 2 2
( ) 80 (120 60) 100
R L C
U U U U + +
(V).
V d 2: Cho mch nh hnh v , in tr R, cun dy thun cm L v t C mc ni tip . Cc vn k
c in tr rt ln , V
1
Ch U
R
=5(V), V
2
ch U
L
=9(V), V ch U=13(V). Hy tm s ch V
3
bit rng
mch c tnh dung khng?

Gii : p dng cng thc tng qut ca mch
Ni tip R, L, C ta c:
2 2 2
) (
C L
U U U U +
Hay :
2 2 2
) (
C L
U U U U ;Hay thay s ta c:
2 2 2
) ( 15 13
C L
U U
Tng ng: 12 144 ) (
2
t
C L C L
U U U U . V mch c tnh dung khng nn
L C
U U >

Hay trong biu thc trn ta ly nghim
) ( 21 12 9 12 12 V U U U U
L C C L
+ +
U
C
chnh l s ch vn k V
3
.
II. Bi tp t gii
Cu 1 . in p t vo hai u mt on mch R, L, C khng phn nhnh. in p hiu dng hai u
mch l 100V, hai u R l 80V , hai bn t C l 60V. Mch in c tnh cm khng.Tnh in p hiu
dng hai u L:
12
V
1
V
2
V
3
V
R L
C
R L C
A M N B
Hnh 6
Cu 2 . Cho an mch RLC mc ni tip, cun dy thun cm. t vo 2 u on mch 1 in p
xoay chiu, ngi ta o c cc in p hiu dng 2 u R, L, C ln lt l U
R
= 30V; U
L
= 80V;
U
C
= 40V in p hiu dng U
AB
2 u on mch l bao nhiu.
Cu 3: Cho mt on mch xoay chiu ni tip gm in tr R, cun dy thun cm L v t C , t
vo hai u on mch in p 50 2 cos(100 ) u t V , lc Z
L
= 2Z
C
v in p hiu dng hai u
in tr l U
R
= 30V . in p hiu dng hai u cun dy l bao nhiu.
Cu 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v vi U
AB
= 300(V), U
NB
= 140(V), dng in i tr pha so vi u
AB
mt gc (cos = 0,8), cun dy thun cm. Vn k V ch gi tr:
Cu 5: Chn cu ng. Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v (Hnh 5). Ngi ta o c cc in
p U
AM
= 16V, U
MN
= 20V, U
NB
= 8V. in p gia hai u on mch AB l:
Cu 6: Chn cu ng. Cho mach in xoay chiu nh hnh v (Hnh 6). Ngi ta o c cc in
p U
AN
=U
AB
= 20V; U
MB
= 12V. in p U
AM
, U
MN
, U
NB
ln lt l:
Cu 7: Cho on mch in gm in tr thun R , cm thun L ,t in C ni tip , t vo 2 u
on mch in p hiu dng V 2 100 , Vn k nhit o in p cc on: 2 u R l 100V ; 2 u
t C l 60V th s ch vn k khi mc gia 2 u cun cm thun L l
Cu 8: t vo hai u mch in RLC ni tip mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng khng i
th in p hiu dng trn cc phn t R, L, v C u bng nhau v bng 20V . Khi t b ni tt th n
p hiu dng hai u in tr bng:
Dng 4: Cng sut tiu th
1.Mch RLC khng phn nhnh:
+ Cng sut tiu th ca mch in xoay chiu: P = UIcos hay P = I
2
R =
2
2
Z
R U
.
+ H s cng sut: cos =
Z
R
.
+ ngha ca h s cng sut cos
-Trng hp cos = 1 tc l = 0: mch ch c R, hoc mch RLC c cng hng in
(Z
L
= Z
C
) th: P = Pmax = UI =
R
U
2
.
-Trng hp cos = 0 tc l = t
2

: Mch ch c L, hoc C, hoc c c L v C m khng c R

th: P = P
min
= 0.
+ nng cao cos bng cch thng mc thm t in thch hp sao cho cm khng v dung khng
ca mch xp x bng nhau cos 1.
+Nng cao h s cng sut cos gim cng dng in nhm gim hao ph in nng trn
ng dy ti in.
a.R thay i P =P
max
+ Khi L,C,

khng i th mi lin h gia Z

L
v Z
C
khng thay i nn s thay i ca R khng
gy ra hin tng cng hng
+ Tm cng sut tiu th cc i ca an mch:
Ta c P=RI
2
= R
2 2
2
) (
c L
Z Z R
U
+
=
R
Z Z
R
U
C L
2
2
) (
+
,
13
R
B
C L
A
N
V
C
A B
R L
R
O
R
1
R
M
R
2
P
P
max
P<P
max
Do U=Const nn P=P
max
th (
R
Z Z
R
C L
2
) (
+ ) t gi tr min
p dng bt dng thc Cosi cho 2 s dng R v (Z
L
-Z
C
)
2
ta c:

R
Z Z
R
C L
2
) (
+
R
Z Z
R
C L
2
) (
. 2

= C L
Z Z 2
Vy (
R
Z Z
R
C L
2
) (
+ )
min
l C L
Z Z 2
lc du = ca bt ng thc xy ra nn ta c
R=
L C
Z Z
=> P= P
max
=
2
2
L C
U
Z Z
v I = I
max
=
2
C L
Z Z
U

.
Lc : cos =
2
2
; tan = 1
I. Bi tp c li gii
V d 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit L =

1
H, C =

4
10 . 2

F ,
u
AB
= 200cos100t(V). R bng bao nhiu cng sut to nhit trn R l ln nht? Tnh cng sut .
Gii: Ta c :Z
L
= L = 100 ; Z
C
=
C
1
= 50 ; U = 100
2
V
Cng sut nhit trn R : P = I
2
R =
2 2
2
) (
C L
Z Z R
R U
+
=
R
Z Z
R
U
C L
2
2
) (
+
Theo bt ng thc Cosi : P
max
khi
R
Z Z
R
C L
2
) (
hay R =|Z
L
-Z
C
|= 50
=> P
max
=
R
U
2
2
= 200W
b.R thay i P = P (P<P
max
):
Ta c:
2
2
2 2
.
'
( )
L C
U R
P I R
R Z Z

+

2 2 2
' '( ) 0 (*)
L C
P R U R P Z Z +
Gii phng trnh bc 2 (*) tm R. c 2 nghim:
V d 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v: Bit L =

1
H, C =
3
10
6

F ,
u
AB
= 200cos100t(V). R phi c gi tr bng bao nhiu cng sut to nhit trn R l 240W?
Ta c:
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
' ' '( ) 0
( )
L C
L C
RU
P I R P R U R P Z Z
R Z Z
+
+
Ta c PT bc 2: 240R
2
(100
2
)
2
.R +240.1600 = 0. Gii PT bc 2 => R = 30 hay 160/3
2. Mch RLrC khng phn nhnh:(Cun dy khng thun cm c in tr thun r )
+ Cng sut tiu th ca c an mch xoay chiu: P = UIcos hay P = I
2
(R+r)=
2
2
U ( R r )
Z
+
.
+ H s cng sut ca c an mch : cos =
R r
Z
+
.
+ Cng sut tiu th trn in tr R: P
R
= I
2
.R=
2
2
U .R
Z
Vi Z =
2 2
L C
(R+r) (Z - Z ) +
14
C
A B
R L
C
A B
R L
+ Cng sut tiu th ca cun dy: Pr = I
2
.r =
2
2
U .r
Z
+ H s cng sut ca an mch cha cun dy : cos
d
=
d
r
Z
=
2 2
L
r
r Z +
a.Cng sut tiu th cc i ca c an mch: c L,r,C,

khng i .
+ R thay i P
max
: Khi L,C,

khng i th mi lin h gia Z

L
v Z
C
khng thay i nn s
thay i ca R khng gy ra hin tng cng hng
Ta c P=(R+r)I
2
= (R+r)
2
2 2
L c
U
( R r ) ( Z Z ) + +

P =
2
2
L C
U
( Z Z )
( R r )
( R r )

+ +
+
, P=P
max
=> (
2
L C
( Z Z )
R r
R r

+ +
+
)
min
th :
(R+r) =
L C
Z Z Hay: R =/Z
L
-Z
C
/ -r
Cng sut tiu th cc i trn (R+r): P
max
=
C L
Z Z
U
2
2

b.Cng sut tiu th cc i trn R:
Ta c P
R
= RI
2
=
2
2 2
L c
U
( R r ) ( Z Z ) + +
R =
2 2
2 2
2
2
L C
U U
r X
( Z Z ) r
r R
R

+ 1 +
+ +
1
]
P
R
:P
Rmax
ta phi c X = (
2 2
L C
( Z Z ) r
R
R
+
+ ) t gi tr min
=> R=
2 2
L C
( Z Z ) r
R
+
=> R=
2 2
L C
( Z Z ) r +
Lc P
Rmax
=
2
2 2
2 2
L C
U
r r ( Z Z ) + +
Lu : c khi k hiu r thay bng R
0
.
V d 3 : Cho on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh, cun dy c in tr
) ( 15 r
, t cm
) (
5
1
H L

V mt bin tr R mc nh hnh v. Hiu in th hai u mch l :

) )( . 100 cos( . 80 V t U
.
1. Khi ta dch chuyn con chy ca bin tr cng sut ta nhit trn ton mch t gi tr cc i l bao
nhiu?
2. Khi ta dch chuyn v tr con chy cng sut ta nhit trn bin tr t gi tr cc i l l bao nhiu?
Bi gii: r= 15; Z
L
=20
1. Cng sut ta nhit trn ton mch l: ( Ch : mch lc ny c 2 phn t R, r v khuyt C ) :
R r
Z
R r
U
R r
Z R r
U
R r
Z
U
R r I P
L L
+
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
) (
) .(
) ( ) ((
) .( ) .(

Do t s l U khng i nn P ln nht khi mu s b nht.Ngha l :
R r
Z
R r y
L
+
+ +
2
b nht.
15
C
A B
R L,r
R
r, L
p dng bt ng thc csi cho hai s khng m ta c :
L
L L
Z
R r
Z
R r
R r
Z
R r y . 2 ). ( . 2
2 2

+
+
+
+ +
.
Du bng xy ra khi a=b => ) ( 5 15 20 + r Z R Z R r
L L
Cng sut cc i : ) ( 80
) 5 15 ( 2
) 2 40 (
) ( 2
2
2
2
max
W
R r
U
P
+

+
Chn A
Kinh nghim : Sau ny nu mch c nhiu R th ta dng cng thc tng qut khi kho st cng sut
ton mch nh sau :
C L n
Z Z R R R + + + ...
2 1
( Nu khuyt L hay C th khng a vo)
2. Cng sut ta nhit trn bin tr R l :
R
Z R R r r
U
R
Z R r
U
R
Z R r
U
R
Z
U
R I P
L L
L
2 2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
. 2 ) (
.
) ( ) ((
. .
+ + +

+ +

+ +

n y ta nn lm nh sau : t
R
Z r R R r
y
L
) ( . 2
2 2 2
+ + +
Sau chia cho R th c biu thc
nh sau :
R
Z r
R r y
L
2 2
2
+
+ + . Trong biu thc ny ta li lp lun P ln nht khi y b nht Hay :
Dng BT Csi cho hai s khng m trong biu thc y ta c :
L
L L
Z
R
Z R
R
Z r
R . 2 .
.
2
2 2 2

+
+ . Du bng xy ra khi
2 2
L
r Z
R
R
+
=>
2 2 2
L
R r Z + =>
2 2
L
R r Z + =
2 2
15 20 + =25 =>
Ta c P
Rmax
=
2
2 2
2 2
L C
U
r r ( Z Z ) + +
th s ta c: P
Rmax
= 40W
V d 4: Mt in tr bin tr R mc ni tip vi cun dy c in tr thun R
0
= 15 v t cm
L =
5
1
H nh hnh v. Bit in p hai u on mch l u
AB
= 40
2
cos100t (V). Cng sut to
nhit trn bin tr c th t gi tr cc i l bao nhiu khi ta dch chuyn con chy ca bin tr? Tnh
gi tr ca bin tr lc v Cng sut cc i ?
Gii: Cm khng : Z
L
= L = 20 ; U = 40 V
Cng sut to nhit trn R :P = I
2
R =
2 2
0
2
) (
L
Z R R
R U
+ +
=
2 2
0 0
2
2
2
L
Z R RR R
R U
+ + +
P =
0
2 2
0
2
2R
R
Z R
R
U
L
+
+
+
.- P
max
th
R
Z R
R
L
2 2
0
+
+ phi min. V 2R
0
l mt s khng i.
- Theo bt ng thc Cosi th
R
Z R
R
L
2 2
0
+
+ nh nht khi
R
Z R
R
L
2 2
0
+
hay
R =
2 2
0 L
Z R + = 25 v P
max
=
) ( 2
0
2
R R
U
+
=20W
* Ch khi gii bi ton ny :
- Cc i lng U, R
0
, Z
L
hoc Z
C
l cc i lng khng i
- Khi p dng bt ng thc Cosi cn chn A v B sao cho A.B = const.
II. Bi tp t gii
16
A
L,R
0
R
B
Cu 1: Cho hiu in th hai u on mch l : ) )(
4
. 100 cos( 2 10 V t U
AB

v cng
dng in qua mch : ) )(
12
. 100 cos( 2 3 A t i

+ . Tnh cng sut tiu th ca on mch?
Cu 2: Cho on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh. in tr R=50( ), cun dy thun cm
) (
1
H L

v t ) (
22
10
3
F C

. in p hai u mch: ) . 100 cos( . 2 260 t U . Cng sut ton mch l

bao nhiu.
Cu 3: in p hai u on mch R, L, C mc ni tip l
200 2 os 100 t-
3
u c V

,
, cng
dng in qua on mch l 2 cos100 ( ) i t A Cng sut tiu th ca on mch bng
Cu 4: Cho oCn mch xoay chiu nh hnh v: bit : ) (
` 1
H L

; ) (
4
10
3
F C

. t vo hai u
on mch mt hiu in th : ) . 100 cos( . 2 75 t U
AB
. Cng sut trn ton mch l : P=45(W). Tnh
gi tr R?
Cu 5: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. R=50( );
) ( 100 V U

;
) ( 20 r
.Cng sut tiu
th ca on mch l
Cu 6: Cho on mch xoay chiu R, C mc ni tip. R l mt bin tr , t in c in dung
) (
10
4
F C

. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu n nh U . Thay i R ta thy vi

hai gi tr ca R l: R=R
1
v R=R
2
th cng sut ca mch in bng nhau. Tnh tch
2 1
.R R ?
Cu 7: Cho mch R, L, C mc ni tip, cun dy thun cm.
) )( . 100 cos( 100 V t U
. Bit cng
dng in trong mch c gi tr hiu dng l
2
(A), v lch pha so vi in p hai u mch mt gc
36,8
0
. Tnh cng sut tiu th ca mch ?
Cu 8: t mt in p xoay chiu
) )(
6
100 cos( 2 200 V t u


vo hai u mt on mch RLC
mc ni tip th cng dng in trong mch l
) )(
6
100 cos( 2 2 A t i

+
. Cng sut tiu th
trong mch l
Cu 9: Mt mch in xoay chiu RLC c in tr thun R = 110 c mc vo in p
220 2 os(100 )
2
u c t

+ (V). Khi h s cng sut ca mch ln nht th cng sut tiu th bng
Cu 10: Mt on mch in xoay chiu gm mt t in c dung khng Z
C
= 200 v mt cun dy
mc ni tip. Khi t vo hai u on mch trn mt in p xoay chiu c biu thc u = 120
2
cos(100t +
3

)V th thy in p gia hai u cun dy c gi tr hiu dng l 120V v sm pha

2

so
vi in p t vo mch. Cng sut tiu th ca cun dy l
Cu 11: t in p u 100 2 cos100 t (V) vo hai u on mch RLC khng phn nhnh vi C,
R c ln khng i v
2
L H

. Khi in p hiu dng hai u mi phn t R, L, C c ln

nh nhau. Cng sut tiu th ca on mch l
17
A B
R
r, L
A
B
R
L
C
Cu 12: t in p xoay chiu u=120
2
cos(100t+/3)(V) vo hai u on mch gm cun dy
thun cm L,mt in tr R v mt t in c C=
2
10
3
F mc ni tip.Bit in p hiu dng trn cun
dy L v trn t in C bng nhau v bng mt na trn R. Cng sut tiu th trn on mch bng:
Cu 13 . Chn cu ng. Cho on mch gm bin tr R, cun dy c t cm
3
L = H
10
v t in
c in dung
-4
2.10
C = F

mc ni tip. in p hai u on mch

. u =120 2 cos 100t (V)
. iu
chnh bin tr R n gi tr R
1
th cng sut tiu th trn on mch t gi tr cc i P
max
. Vy R
1
,
P
max
ln lt c gi tr:
Cu 14 . Chn cu ng. Cho mch in xoay chiu gm cun dy c R
0
= 50,
4
L = H
10
v t in
c in dung
4
10
F

C =
v in tr thun R = 30 mc ni tip nhau, ri t vo hai u on
mch c in p xoay chiu u 100 2.cos100 t (V) . Cng sut tiu th trn on mch v trn in
tr R ln lt l:
Cu 15 . Chn cu ng. Cho on mch RLC nh hnh v (Hnh 3.15). R=100, cun dy thun
cm c t cm
2
L = H

v t in c in dung C. Biu thc

in p tc thi gia hai im A v N l:
AN
u = 200cos100t (V)
.
Cng sut tiu th ca dng in trong on mch l:
Dng 5 : Cun dy khng cm thun c in tr hot ng (cun r, L):
1. Xt cun dy khng cm thun (L,r): Khi mc cun dy c in tr r v t cm L vo mch
in xoay chiu, ta xem cun dy nh on mch r ni tip vi L c gin vect nh hnh v di:
+Tng tr cun dy:
2 2 2 2
) ( L r Z r Z
L cd
+ + Trong : Z
L
= L.

.
+in p hai u cun dy nhanh pha hn cng dng in mt gc
d

c tnh theo cng thc:

0
0
U Z
tan
U r
L L
d
r

+Bin , gi tr hiu dng ca cng dng in v in p theo cc cng thc:
0 0
0
2 2
U U
I
Z
r Z
d d
d
L

+
v
2 2
U U
I
Z
r Z
d d
d
L

+
;
+Cng sut tiu th ca cun dy: P = U
d
.I.cos

d
= I.r
2
Hay Pr =
2
2
U .r
Z
+ H s cng sut ca cun dy : cos

d
=
2 2
r r
Z
Z r d
L

+
+Cch nhn bit cun dy c in tr thun r:
-Xt ton mch, nu: Z
2 2
) (
C L
Z Z R + ; U
2 2
) (
C L R
U U U + hoc P I
2
R;hoc cos
Z
R

th cun dy c in tr thun r 0.
-Xt cun dy, nu: Ud U
L
hoc Z
d
Z
L
hoc P
d
0 hoc cos
d
0 hoc
d

2

18
R L C
A M N B
Hnh 3.15
I
ur
U
r
uur
U
d
uuur
U
L
uuur
d

th cun dy c in tr thun r 0.
2. Mch RLrC khng phn nhnh:
- in tr thun tng ng l: R+ r.
- Tng tr ca c on mch RLrC ni tip l:
2 2
) ( ) (
C L
Z Z r R Z + +
- lch pha gia in p hai u on mch RLrC vi cng dng in l:
r R
Z Z
C L
+

tan
+ S lin h gia cc in p hiu dng:
2 2 2
) ( ) (
C L r R
U U U U U + + ;
r R
co
Z

+ Cng sut tiu th ton mch:

2
. . os =(r+R)I P U I c
+ Cng sut tiu th trn R:
2
=RI
R
P
I. Bi tp c li gii
V d 1 : Cho mch in nh hnh v , trong
4
10
C

F = , L =
1
2
H, r = 10 , R = 40
Biu thc dng in trong mch i = 2
2
cos 100t (A)
a.Tnh tng tr ca mch?
b. lch pha v Cng sut ca ton mch ?
Gii : a. Tnh tng tr: Cm khng:
1
. 100 50
2
L
Z L

; Dung khng:
4
1 1
10 .
100 .
C
Z
C

= 100

Tng tr : Z =
2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) (10 40) (50 100) 50 2
L C
r R Z Z + + + +
b. Cng sut tiu th ca mch in : Ta c:
50 100
tan 1
10 40 4
L C
Z Z
rad
r R



>
+ +
;
Cng sut tiu th ca mch in : P= UIcos hoc P = I
2
.(r+R) = 2
2
.(10+40) = 200 W
V d 2: Cho mch nh hnh v .Cun dy c r=100

,
1
L H

;
t in c in dung
4
10
C F
2

. in p xoay chiu hai u

on mch
AB
u 100 2 cos100 t(V) .Tnh lch pha gia in p
AB
u v
AM
u ? Tnh Uc?
Gii : Z
L
= 100; Z
C
= 200;
100 200
tan
100
L C
AB
Z Z
r

= -1 Suy ra
AB
rad
4

100
tan 1
100
L
AM
Z
r


Suy ra
AM
rad
4

lch pha gia in p
AB
u v
AM
u :
AB/ AM AB AM
4 4 2



Tnh U
C
? U
C
= I.Z
C
=
2 2 2 2
. 100.100
( ) 100 (100 200)
C
L C
U Z
r Z Z

+ +
=50
2
V d 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit
4
10
C

F,
19
C
A B
R
L,r
C
A B
R
L,r.
N M
C
A
B
R L,r
M
L,r
M
C
V
B
A
1
2
L

H, 200cos100
AB
u t (V). in p u
AM
chm pha
6

so vi dng in qua mch v dng

in qua mch chm pha
3

so vi u
MB
. Tnh r v R? s.
50 3
3
r
v
100 3 R
.
Gii : Z
L
= 50; Z
C
= 100;
tan tan 3
3
L
MB
Z
r



.
50 3
3 3
L
Z
r

1
tan tan 3 100 3
6 3
C
AM C
Z
R Z
R

_


,
.
V d 4: Mt cun dy c h s t cm L c mc ni tip vi mt t c in dung C ri mc vo 2
im A, B ca mt mch in xoay chiu c tn s f. o in p gia hai u on mch AB, gia hai
u cun dy v gia hai cc ca t in bng vn k c in tr rt ln, ta ln lt c: U
AB
= 37,5
V, U
L
=50V, U
C
=17,5 V.o cng dng in bng mt ampe k c in tr khng ng k, ta thy
I=0,1 A.Khi tn s f thay i n gi tr f
m
=330 Hz th cng dng in trong mch t gi tr cc
i. Tnh t cm L, in dung C, v tn s f ca in p s dng trn.
Gii: Gi s cun dy thun cm khng c in tr r th:
U
AB
= U
L
U
C
= 50 17,5 = 32,5 V. Khng ph hp vi bi . Nn cun dy phi c in tr r.
Ta c tng tr cun dy:
U 50
Z 500
I 0,1
d
d

; Dung khng ca t in:
U 17, 5
Z 175
I 0,1
C
C

Tng tr :
U 37, 5
Z 375
I 0,1
AB
AB

. Khi f = f
m
, trong mch c cng hng (I
max
) nn:

m
2
=
1
LC

2 2 2
1 1 1
LC=
(2 f ) (2. .330)
m m


(1)
Mt khc: Z
AB
2
= r
2
+ (Z
L
Z
C
)
2
= r
2
+ Z
L
2
2Z
L
Z
C
+ Z
C
2

Z
AB
2
= Z
d
2
+ Z
C
2
2Z
L
Z
C

2Z
L
Z
C
= Z
d
2
+ Z
C
2
Z
AB
2
= 500
2
+ 175
2
- 375
2
= 14.10
4

2.L.

.
1
C.
=
4 4 4
L L
2 14.10 7.10 L=7.10 .C
C C
(2)
Th (2) vo (1) ta c: 7.10
4
.C
2
=
2
1
(2. .330)
=> C=1,82.10
-6
F; L=7.10
4
.C=7.10
4
.1,82.10
-6
=0,128H
M: Z
C
=
1
C.
=
6
1 1 1
f= 500
C.2. f C.2. .Z 1, 82.10 .2.3,14.175
c



Hz
II. Bi tp t gii
Bi 1: Mt on mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun R=180, mt cun dy c r=20, t
cm L=0,64H
2

H v mt t in c C=32

F
4
10

F, tt c mc ni tip vi nhau. Dng in qua

mch c cng i=cos(100

t) (A).Lp biu thc ca in p tc thi gia hai u on mch.

p n: u=224cos(100

t+0,463) (V)
Bi 2: Cho on mch in AB gm R vi U
R
=U
1
, v L vi U
L
=U
2
. in tr thun R=55 mc ni
tip vi cun dy c t cm L. Khi t vo hai u on mch mt in p u=200
2
cos100

t(V)
th in p hiu dng gia hai u in tr R v hai cun dy ln lt l U
1
=100V v U
2
=130V.
a. Tnh r v L
b. Lp biu thc tnh in p tc thi u
2
(u
MB
) gia hai u cun dy.
p n: a. r=25; L=0,19H
20
Hnh 2
U
1
B
A
R L
U
2
M
b. u
2
=130
2
cos(100

t+
6

) (V)
Bi 3: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v 3. Bit u
AB
=50
2
cos100

t(V). Cc in p hiu dng

U
AE
=50V, U
EB
=60V.
a. Tnh gc lch pha ca u
AB
so vi i.
b. Cho C=10,6

F. Tnh R v L.Vit i?
p n: a. - 0,2

(rad)
b. R=200; L=0,48 (H); i=0,2. 2 cos(100 t+0,2 ) (A)
Bi 4: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v 4. Bit 100 2 cos100 ( )
AB
u t V
Cc in p hiu dng U
AM
= 100V; U
MB
= 120V
a.Tnh gc lch ca u
AB
so vi i
b.Cho C = 10,6F. Tnh R v L; Vit i?
p n: a. tan
-1
(3/4) =0,6435(rad) =0,2(rad)
b. R= 200; L=0,48 (H); i= i=0,2. 2 cos(100 t+0,2 ) (A)
Bi 5: Cho mch in nh hnh 5. in p gia hai u mch
l ) ( cos 2 65 V t u . Cc in p hiu dng l U
AM
= 13V
U
MB
= 13V; U
NB
= 65V. Cng sut tiu th trong mch l 25w.
a) Tnh r, R, Z
C
, Z
MN
b) Tnh cng hiu dng v h s cng sut tiu th ca mch
Bi 6: Cho mch in nh hnh 6. U
AB
= U = 170V
U
MN
= U
C
= 70V; U
MB
= U
1
= 170V; U
AN
= U
R
= 70V.
a) Chng t cun dy c in tr thun r
b) Tnh R, C, L v r. Bit ) ( 100 cos 2 A t i
Bi 7: Cho mch in nh hnh 7. Bit U
AB
= U = 200V
U
AN
= U
1
= 70V; U
NB
= U
2
= 150V.
1. Xc nh h s cng sut ca mch AB, ca on mch NB
2. Tnh R, r, Z
L
.
a) bit cng sut tiu th ca R l P
1
= 70W
b) bit cng sut tiu th ca cun dy l P
0
= 90w.
Bi 8: (H-2008): Cho on mch in xoay chiu gm cun dy mc ni tip vi t in. lch
pha ca hiu in th gia hai u cun dy so vi cng dng in trong mch l
3

. Hiu in
th hiu dng gia hai u t in bng 3 ln hiu in th hiu dng gia hai u cun dy.
lch pha ca hiu in th gia hai u cun dy so vi hiu in th gia hai u on mch trn l
DNG 6. HIN TNG CNG HNG IN
1.Phng php chung:
1. Cng hng in: iu kin: Z
L
= Z
C <=>
2
1
1 L LC
C

<>
+ Cng dng in trong mch cc i: I
max
=
R R
R
min
U U
Z
U

+ in p hiu dng:
R L C
U U U U
; P= P
MAX
=
2
R
U
+ in p v cng dng in cng pha ( tc = 0 )
+ H s cng sut cc i: cos = 1.
2. ng dng: tm L, C, tm f khi c Cng hng in:
21
R, L
C M A B
Hnh 4
A
R r,L C
B
N
M
Hnh 5
B
C L,r
A
E
Hnh 3
B
Hnh 6
N
C
A
R
L,r
M
A
R
r,L
B
N
Hnh 7
B A
+ s ch ampe k cc i, hay cng dng in hiu dng t gi tr ln nht
+ cng dng in v in p cng pha, in p hiu dng:
R L C
U U U U
;
+ h s cng sut cc i, cng sut cc i....
I. Bi tp c li gii
V d 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v. u
AB
= 200
2
cos100t (V). R =100

;
1
L

H; C l t in
bin i ;
V
R

. Tm C vn k V c s ch ln nht. Tnh V
max
?
Gii: S ch ca Vn K (V) l gi tr in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch cha R v L.
Ta c: U
V
=
2 2
2 2
) (
. .
C L
L RL
Z Z R
U
Z R Z I
+
+
.Do R, L khng i v U xc nh =>
U
V
=U
Vmax
=> cng hng in, nn Z
L
=Z
C
=> C=
2
1
L
=
2
1
1
(100 )

=
4
10

F.
V d 2: Cho mch in khng phn nhnh gm R = 40, cun dy c r = 20 v L = 0,0636H, t
in c in dung thay i. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu c f = 50Hz v U =
120V. iu chnh C in p hiu dng hai u cun dy t gi tr cc i, gi tr bng:
Gii . Ta c: 2 . 2 .50.0, 0636 20
L
Z f L .
in p hiu dng hai u cun dy: U
d
= I.Z
d
. V Z
d
khng ph thuc vo s thay i ca C nn U
d
t gi tr cc i khi I = I
max
. Suy ra trong mch phi c cng hng in. Lc :

max
120
2
40 20
U
I
R r

+ +
(A) ;
2 2 2 2
20 20 20 2
d L
Z r Z + +
.

max
. 2.20 2 40 2 56,57
d d
U I Z (V).
V d 3: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. Bit R = 50,
1
L

H. t vo hai u on mch
mt in p xoay chiu
220 2 cos100 u t
(V). Bit t in C c th thay i c.
a. nh C in p ng pha vi cng dng in.
b. Vit biu thc dng in qua mch.
Bi gii:
a. u v i ng pha: 0 th trong mch xy ra hin tng cng hng in.
Z
L
= Z
C

1
L
C

;
( )
4
2
2
1 1 10
1
100 .
C
L

F
b. Do trong mch xy ra cng hng in nn Z
min
= R
min
220 2
4, 4 2
50
o o
o
U U
I
Z R
(A)
Pha ban u ca dng in: 0 0 0
i u
. Vy
4, 4 2 cos100 i t
(A)
V d 4: (H-20 0 9 ) : t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 120V, tn s 50 Hz vo hai u on
mch mc ni tip gm in tr thun 30 , cun cm thun c t cm
0, 4

(H) v t in c in
22
V
C
A B
R
L
C
A B
R
L
dung thay i c. iu chnh in dung ca t in th in p hiu dng gia hai u cun cm t
gi tr cc i bng
Gii:
. .
40 ; .
L L
L LMAX MAX L
MIN
U Z U Z
Z U I Z
Z R

120.40/30=160V (cng hng in).
V d 5: Mt mch in xoay chiu RLC khng phn nhnh c R=100 , L=
2

H, t in c in
dung C thay i c. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu
)
4
100 cos( 2 200

+ t u
AB
. Gi tr ca C v cng sut tiu th ca mch khi in p gia hai u R
cng pha vi in p hai u on mch nhn cp gi tr no sau y:
Gii: Ta thy khi u
R
cng pha vi u
AB
ngha l u
AB
cng pha vi cng dng in i. Vy trong mch
xy ra cng hng in: Z
L
=Z
C =>

L
Z
C
1

. Vi Z
L
=L

= 200 => C=
4
10
2

F
Lc ny cng sut P=P
max
= W 400
100
200
2 2

R
U

V d 6: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. Bit R = 200,
2
L

H,
4
10
C

F. t vo hai
u mch in mt in p xoay chiu 100cos100 u t (V).
a. Tnh s ch ca ampe k.
b. Khi R, L, C khng i s ch ca ampe k ln nht, th tn s
dng in phi bng bao nhiu? Tnh s ch ampe k lc . (Bit rng
dy ni v dng c o khng lm nh hng n mch in).
Bi gii:
a. Cm khng:
2
100 . 200
L
Z L

; Dung khng:
4
1 1
100
10
100 .
C
Z
C

Tng tr ca mch:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
200 200 100 100 5
L C
Z R Z Z + +
Ta c :
100 1
100 5 5
o
o
U
I
Z

(A) ;S ch ca ampe k :
1
0,32
2 5. 2
o
A
I
I I
(A)
b. Ta c:
( )
2
2
L C
U
I
R Z Z

+
; s ch ca ampe k cc i I
Amax
th Z
min
0
L C
Z Z

L C
Z Z (cng hng in);
1
2 .
2 .
f L
f C

4
1 1
35,35
2
2 10
2 .
f
LC

Hz
S ch ampe k cc i: I
Amax
=
max
min
100
0,35
2.200
U U
I
Z R

(A)
II. Bi tp t gii
Cu 1. Mt mch in RLC khng phn nhnh gm in tr R= 100, cun dy thun cm c L= 1/
(H) v t c in dung C thay i . t vo hai u on mch in p u= 200
2
cos100t(V). Thay
i in dung C cho n khi in p hai u cun dy t cc i. Gi tr cc i bng:
23
C
A B
R L
Cu 2. Cho mch in xoay chiu gm R, cun dy thun cm L = 0,159H v C
0
= 100/(F). t
vo hai u mch mt in p u = U
0
cos100t(V). Cn mc thm t C th no v c gi tr bao nhiu
mch c cng hng in?
Cu 3. Cho mch RLC mc ni tip c
) ( 100 R
v
) (
1
H L

, ) (
10 . 5
4
F C

. t vo hai
u on mch mt in p ) ( 100 cos 2 120 V t u . dng in trong mch cng pha vi in p
hai u on mch ta phi ghp ni tip hay song song vi t C mt t C
1
c in dung l bao nhiu ?
Cu 4. Cho mt on mch xoay chiu RLC
1
mc ni tip ( cun dy thun cm ). Bit tn s dng
in l 50 Hz, R = 40 ( ), L =
1
(H)
5
, C
1
= ) (
5
10
3
F

. Mun dng in trong mch cc i th phi

ghp thm vi t in C
1
mt t in c in dung C
2
bng bao nhiu v ghp th no?
Cu 5. Cho mt on mch in xoay chiu AB gm R, L, C mc ni tip c R = 200. t vo hai
u on mch ny mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 220V v tn s thay i c. Khi
thay i tn s, cng sut tiu th c th t gi tr cc i bng
Cu 6. Cho on mch RLC ni tip c gi tr cc phn t c nh. t vo hai u on ny mt in
p xoay chiu c tn s thay i. Khi tn s gc ca dng in bng
0
th cm khng v dung khng
c gi tr Z
L
= 100 v Z
C
= 25. trong mch xy ra cng hng, ta phi thay i tn s gc ca
dng in n gi tr bng bao nhiu
0
Cu7: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v bn. Cun dy
c r

= 10 , L=
H
10
1

. t vo hai u on mch mt
in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng l 50V v tn s 50Hz.
Khi in dung ca t c gi tr l C
1
th s ch ca ampe k cc i v bng 1A. Gi tr ca R v C
1
l
bao nhiu.
Dng 7: lch pha
1.Phng php chung:
+tan
L C
Z Z
R

Hay
tan
L C
R
U U
U

Thng dng cng thc ny v c du ca ,

+
Z
R
cos
Hay cos
R
U
U
; cos =
P
UI
; Lu cng thc ny khng cho bit du ca .
+ sin

L C
Z Z
Z
; sin

L C
U U
hay
U

+ Kt hp vi cc cng thc nh lut m :

C MN R L
L C MN
U U U U U
I
R Z Z Z Z

+ Lu : Xt on mch no th p dng cng thc cho on mch .
+ Nu 2 on mch cng pha:
1 2
tan tan
+ Nu 2 on mch vung pha:
1 2
tan .tan 1
I. Bi tp c li gii
a.Xc nh cc i lng khi bit hai on mch c in p cng pha, vung pha .
V d 1 : Cho mach in xoay chiu nh hinh.
R
1
= 4,
2
1
10
8
C F

, R
2
= 100 ,
1
L

H , f = 50Hz.
Tim in dung C
2
, bit rng in ap u
AE
va u
EB
ng pha.
C
R
r, L
N
M
A
24
Bi gii:
AE
u i AE

;
EB
EB u i

V u
AE
v u
EB
ng pha nn
AE EB
u u


AE EB
tan tan
AE EB


1 2
1 2
C L C
Z Z Z
R R

2 1
2
1
C L C
R
Z Z Z
R
+

2
100
100 8 300
4
C
Z + ;
2
4
2
1 1 10
2 . 2 50.300 3
C
C
f Z

(F)
V d 2 : Cho mch in nh hnh v. U
AN
= 150V, U
MB
= 200V, u
AN
v u
MB
vung pha vi nhau, cng
dng in tc thi trong mch c biu thc cos100
o
i I t (A). Bit cun dy l thun cm. Hy
vit biu thc u
AB
.
Bi gii:Ta c:
2 2
150
AN R C
U U U +
V (1)

2 2
200
MB R L
U U U +
V (2)
V u
AN
v u
MB
vung pha nhau nn:
2 2
MB AN MB AN

+ (Vi 0
MB
> , 0
AN
< )
tan tan cot
2
MB AN AN

_
+

,

1
tan tan .tan 1
tan
MB MB AN
AN

2
. 1 .
L C
R L C
R R
U U
U U U
U U

(3)
T (1), (2) v (3), ta suy ra : U
L
= 160V
,
U
C
= 90V, U
R
= 120V
Ta c :
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
120 160 90 139
AB R L C
U U U U + +
V

160 90 7
tan 0,53
120 12
L C
R
U U
U



rad. Vy
( )
139 2 cos 100 0,53
AB
u t + (V)
V d 3 : Cho vo on mch hnh bn mt dng in xoay chiu c cng cos100
o
i I t (A).
Khi u
MB
v u
AN
vung pha nhau, v
100 2 cos 100
3
MB
u t

_
+

,
(V). Hy vit biu thc u
AN
v
tm h s cng sut ca on mch MN.
Bi gii: Do pha ban u ca i bng 0 nn
0
3 3
MB
MB u i

rad
Da vo gin vec-t, ta c cc gi tr hiu dng ca U
L
, U
R
, U
C
l:
U
R
= U
MB
cos
MB
= 100cos 50
3

(V)
tan 50tan 50 3
3
L R MB
U U

(V)
V u
MB
v u
AN
vung pha nhau nn:
2 6
MB AN AN


Ta c: tan .tan 1
MB AN

. 1

<
L C
R R
U U
U U

2 2
50 50
50 3 3
R
C
L
U
U
U
(V)
25
O
L
U
uur
MB
U
uuuur
MN
U
uuuur
R
U
uur
AN
U
uuuur
C
U
uur
I
r
MB

MN

R
L,
A B
N M
C
R C L,r=0
A B
N M
Ta c:
50 100 2
100
cos 3 3
cos
6
R
AN oAN
AN
U
U U


_

,
(V)
Vy biu thc
2
100 cos 100
3 6
AN
u t

_


,
(V).
H s cng sut ton mch:
( )
2 2
2
2
50 3
cos
7
50
50 50 3
3
R R
R L C
R U U
Z U
U U U

+ _
+

,
II. Bi tp t gii
Cu 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v: L =

3
H; R = 100,
t in c in dung thay i c , in p gia hai u mch l u
AB
= 200cos100t (V).
u
AM
v

u
NB
lch pha mt gc
2

, th in dung C ca t in phi c gi tr ?
Cu 2: Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC, on MB ch cha t in C. u
AB
= U
0.
cos2ft (V). Cun dy
thun cm c L = 3/5(H), t in C = 10
-3
/24(F). HT tc thi u
MB
v u
AB
lch pha nhau 90
0
. Tn s
f ca dng in c gi tr l:
Cu 3: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v.
AB AM MB
u =140 2cos100t (V). U = 140 V, U = 140 V.
Biu thc in p u
AM
l
Cu 4: on mch xoay chiu nh hnh v: Cho u
AB
=200 2 os100 ( ) c t v C =
4
10
, 200 3
AM
F U v

U
AM
sm pha
2
rad

so vi u
AB.
Tnh R
Cu 5. Cho mch in LRC ni tip theo th t trn. Bit R l bin tr, cun dy thun cm c L =
4/(H), t c in dung C = 10
-4
/(F). t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu n nh c
biu thc: u = U
0
.sin100t (V). in p u
RL
lch pha /2 so vi u
RC
th R bng bao nhiu?
Cu 6. Cho mt mch in RLC ni tip. R thay i c, L = 0,8/ H, C = 10
-3
/(6) F. t vo hai
u on mch mt in p c biu thc: u = U
0
.cos100t. u
RL
lch pha /2 so vi u th phi c
Cu 7. Cho mt on mch RLC ni tip. Bit L = 1/ H v C = 25/ F, in p xoay chiu t vo
hai u mch n nh v c biu thc u = U
0
cos100t. Ghp thm t C vo on cha t C. in
p hai u on mch lch pha /2 so vi in p gia hai u b t th phi ghp th no v gi tr ca
C bng bao nhiu?
Cu 8: on mch xoay chiu RLC mc ni tip . in tr thun R=100 , cun dy thun cm c
t cm L, t c in dung C =

4
10

F. Mc vo hai u on mch in p u=U

0
cos100

t(V).
in p hai u on mch cng pha vi in p hai u R th gi tr t cm ca cun dy l
Cu 9: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v, cun dy thun cm .Bit U
AM
= 80V ; U
NB
= 45V v
lch pha gia u
AN
v u
MB
l 90
0
, in p gia A v B c gi tr hiu dng l :
I. Bi tp c li gii
b.Xc nh cc i lng khi bit hai on mch c in p lch pha gc .
26



R L, C
A B N M
R C L,
r
N M
B
A
B
C L,r
A
M
M
L
R
B A
N
C
V d 1: Mt mch in khng phn nhnh gm in tr thun R = 75, cun cm c t cm L =
5
4
H v t in c in dung C. Dng in xoay chiu qua mch: i = 2 cos 100

t(A). lch pha

gia in p v cng dng in l /4.Tnh C.Vit biu thc in p gia hai u on mch trn.
Bi gii: Z
L
= L= 100.
5
4
=125 ;
lch pha gia u v i: tan=
L C
Z Z
R

<=> tan
4

= /
L C
Z Z
R

/ <=> 1=
125
75
C
Z
Suy ra:
75 125
C
Z
=>
75 125 50
75 125 200
C C
C C
Z Z
Z Z
>

>

=>
3
4
1 1 10
. 100 .50 5
1 1 10
. 100 .200
C
C
C
C F
Z
Z F
Z

a) Trng hp C=
3
10
5
F

, th Z =
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
75 125 50 75 2
L C
Z R Z Z + +
Ta c: U
0
= I
0
.Z = 2.75
2
=150
2
V ; =/4 nn: u= 150
2
cos(100t+ /4)(V)
b) Trng hp C=
4
10
F

, th Z =
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
75 125 200 75 2
L C
Z R Z Z + +
Ta c: U
0
= I
0
.Z = 2.75
2
=150
2
V ; = -/4 nn: u= 150
2
cos(100t- /4)(V)
+ V d 2: Cho mch xoay chiu nh hnh v:
) ( 8 , 31 F C
, f=50(Hz); Bit
AE
U lch pha
B E
U
.

mt gc 135
0
v i cng pha vi
AB
U . Tnh gi tr ca R?
A.
) ( 50 R
B. ) ( 2 50 R
C.
) ( 100 R
D.
) ( 200 R
Bi gii: Theo gi thit u v i cng pha nn trong mch xy ra hin tng cng hng ta c:
) ( 100
10 . 8 , 31 . 100
1 1
6

C
Z Z
C L
. Mt khc on EB cha t C nn
0
90
2

EB
Suy ra :
0
135
EB AE
Hay :
0 0 0 0
45 90 135 135 +
EB AE
; Vy
) ( 100 1 45
0

L
L
AE
Z R tg
R
Z
tg . Chn C
+ V d 3 : Cho on mch nh hnh v : f=50(Hz); L=
1
2
(H) th
MB
U tr pha 90
0
so vi
AB
U v
MN
U
tr pha 135
0
so vi
AB
U . Tnh in tr R?
A. 50( ) B. 100
2
( )
C. 100( ) D.
2 80
( )
Bi gii: Z
L
= L. =
1
2
100 = 50. Do
MB
U tr pha 90
0
so vi
AB
U ; Nn ta c:
AB
MB
tg
tg

Hay :
) (
1
2
C L C
C L
C L
C
Z Z Z R
Z Z
R
R
Z Z
R
Z

(1)
Mt khc
MN
U
tr pha 135
0
so vi
AB
U nn:
0 0 0 0 0
45 90 135 135 135 +
MN AB AB MN

( Do on MN ch cha C nn
0
90
2

MN
)
27
A
B
C R,L
E
A B M N
L
C
R
Vy : ) 2 ( 1 45
0
R Z Z tg
R
Z Z
tg
C L
C L
AB

Thay (2) vo (1) ta c:

) ( 50
2
100
2

L
C C C L
Z
Z Z Z Z Thay vo (2):
) ( 50 50 100
C L
Z Z R
. Chn A
II. Bi tp t gii
Cu 1: on mch xoay chiu nh hnh v
100 2 os100 ( ), 0, 5
AB
u c t v I A
AN
u
sm pha so vi i mt gc l
6
rad

,
NB
u
tr pha hn u
AB
mt gc
6
rad

.Tinh R
Cu 2: on mch xoay chiu nh hnh v.
200cos100 ( )
AB
u t v
, I = 2A, 100 2( )
AN
u v
AN
u
lch pha
3
4
rad

so vi u
MB
Tnh R, L, C
Cu 3: on mch xoay chiu nh hnh v. 10 3( )
MB
u v I=0,1A , Z
L
=50, R =150
AM
u
lch pha so vi u
MB
mt gc 75
0
. Tinh r v Z
C
Cu 4: on mch xoay chiu nh hnh v R =100, C =
4
10
F

, f =50Hz, U
AM
=200V
U
MB
=100
2
(V), u
AM

lch pha
5
12
rad

so vi u
MB
Tinh cng sut ca mch
Cu 5: on mch xoay chiu nh hnh v:f= 50Hz, R =30, U
MN
=90V, u
AM
lch pha 150
0
so
vi u
MN
, u
AN
lch pha 30
0
so vi u
MN;
U
AN
=U
AM
=U
NB
. Tnh U
AB
, U
L
Cu 6. Cho on mch RLC ni tip, gi tr ca R bit, L c nh. t mt in p xoay chiu n
nh vo hai u on mch, ta thy cng dng in qua mch chm pha /3 so vi in p trn
on RL. trong mch c cng hng th dung khng Z
C
ca t phi c gi tr bng bao nhiu
Cu 7. Cho mt on mch RLC ni tip. Bit L = 1/ H, C = 2.10
-4
/ F, R thay i c. t vo
hai u on mch mt in p c biu thc: u = U
0
cos 100t. u
C
chm pha 3/4 so vi u
AB
th R
phi c gi tr l bao nhiu
Cu 8: ( thi H nm 2009) Mt on mch xoay chiu gm R,L,C mc ni tip. Bit cm khng
gp i dung khng. Dng vn k xoay chiu (c in tr rt ln) o in p gia hai u t in v
gia hai u in tr th s ch ca vn k nh nhau. lch pha gia hai u on mch so cng
dng in trong mch l:
Cu 9: Mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun R=30( ) mc ni tip vi cun dy. t vo hai
u mch mt in p xoay chiu u= 2 cos(100 ) U t (V). in p hiu dng hai u cun dy l U
d
= 60V. Dng in trong mch lch pha
6

so vi u v lch pha
3

so vi u
d
. in p hiu dng hai
u mch (U) c gi tr
Cu 10: on mch xoay chiu nh hnh v: T C c in dung bin i c, in p hai u mch:
u
AB
=120
2
cos100
p
t(V). in dung C nhn gi tr no sau y th cng dng in chm pha
hn u
AB
mt gc
4
p
? Tnh cng dng in qua mch khi .
28



R L, C
A B M N



R L, C
A B M N

R C L,
r
M N
B
A
R C L,r
M N
B
A
M
L,r C
A
B
R
N
M
A
B
R
A
L,r C
Cu 11: Cho mch in R, L, C mc ni tip vi t 100 cos 2 200 u
AB
(V). S ch trn hai vn k l
nh nhau nhng gi tr tc thi ca chng lch pha nhau
3
2
. Cc vn k ch gi tr no sau y?(u
RL
lch pha
6

so vi i)
Dng 8: Bi ton ngc xc nh R,L,C:
Tnh tng tr Z, in tr R - cm khng Z
L
dung khng Z
C
t cm L v in dung C
1.Phng php chung:
Gi thit cho S dng cng thc Ch
Cng hiu dng
v in p hiu dung.
p dng nh lut m:
AM
AM
C
C
L
L
Z
U
Z
U
Z
U
Z
U U
I
R
R
Cho n d kin tm c (n-1) n
s

lch pha
R
Z Z
tg
C L

hoc
Z
R
cos

kt hp vi nh lut m
Thng tnh
cos
R
Z
Cng sut P
hoc nhit lng Q
cos
2
UI RI P
hoc
t RI Q
2

vi nh lut m
Thng dng tnh I:
R
P
I
p dng nh lut m tnh Z
+Nh cc cng thc v L m, cng thc tnh tng tr....:
- Bit U v I: Z=U/I
- Bit Z
L
, Z
C
v R:
( )
2
2
L C
Z R Z Z + :
L
Z L
,
1
C
Z
C
vi L c n v (H) v C c n v (F)
- Bit R v hoc cos : Z=R/cos
- Nu cun cm c in tr hot ng r th mch RLrC s c in tr thun tng ng l R+ r; khi

( )
2
2
( )
L C
Z r R Z Z + +
+Cng thc tnh in tr R:
- Nu bit L, C v : tnh theo: tan
L C
Z Z
R

; Nu cun cm c in tr r: tan
L C
Z Z
r R

+
- Bit Z v hoc cos : R= Z.cos; Nu cun cm c in tr r:
r R
co
Z

- Bit P v I:
2
P RI ; Nu cun cm c in tr r: Cng sut ton mch : P= (r+R)I
2

+Cng thc tnh cm khng Z
L
v dung khng Zc:
2
L
Z L fL
;
1 1
2
C
Z
C fC

- Bit Z v R, tnh c hiu:
2 2
( )
L C
Z Z Z R t sau tnh c Z
L
nu bit Zc v ngc li, t
tnh L v C
-Ch thm : .
L C
L
Z Z
C
; cng hng in : Z
L
= Z
C
hay :
2
. 1 LC hay
1
LC

-Khi bi ton cho cc in p hiu dng thnh phn v hai u mch, cho cng sut tiu th nhng
cha cho dng in th hy lp phng trnh vi in p hiu dng.
-Khi tm ra U
R
s tm
R
P
I
U

sau tm ; ; .
C R L
L C
U U U
R Z Z
I I I

-Cng sut thiu th :
2
. . os =I P U I c R =
2
2
Z
R U
; Hay
2
2 2
R
( )
L C
U
P
R Z Z

+
hay P= U
R
I
29
R
B
C L
A
V
1
V
2
- H s cng sut
R
os =
Z
k c =
R
U
U P
UI

- Nhit lng to ra trn mch ( chnh l trn R): Q = RI
2
t ( t c n v: s, Q c n v: J)
-Cng cn phi ngh n gin vc t v mch in bo m h phng trnh khng b sai.
I. Bi tp c li gii
+ V d 1: Tnh tng tr ca cc mch in sau:
a. Cho mch RLC khng phn nhnh: U
C
= 4V; U
R
=16V; U
L
=20V; I=2A
b. Cho Mch RL ni tip c R=20; u lch pha 60
o
so vi i
c. Cho Mch RC ni tip c R=10; u lch pha 30
o
so vi i
d Cho Mch RLC ni tip c R=60; h s cng sut 0,6
Gii :
a.V cho I v cc U
C
;U
R
,U
L
nn ta dng cc cng thc :
R = U
R
/I = 16/2 = 8 ; Z
L
= U
L
/I = 20/2=10; Z
C
= U
C
/I = 4/2=2;
Suy ra: Z=
( )
2
2
8 10 2 Z + =8
2

b.V cho: R = 20 ; =
3

nn ta c: tan =
L
Z
R
=> Z
L
= R. tan =20 3 .
c. V cho: R = 10 ; = -
6

nn ta c: tan =
C
Z
R

=> Z
C
= -R. tan =10
3
3
.
d. V cho: R = 60 ; cos =0,6 m cos =
R
Z
=> Z =
cos
R

= 60/ 0,6 = 100 .

+ V d 2: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. U
AB
=const; f=50(Hz) , in tr cc kha K v
ampe k khng ng k. ) (
10
4
F C

. Khi kha K chuyn t v tr 1 sang 2 th s ch ca ampe k

khng thay i. Tnh t cm L ca cun dy ?
A. ) (
10
2
H

B. ) (
10
1
H

C. ) (
1
H

D. ) (
10
H

Gii:
100
C
Z
; ) ( 100
s
Rad

Khi kha K v tr 1 mch l hai phn t R v C.
Nn ta c :
) 1 (
2 2
C
AB
AB
AB
Z R
U
Z
U
I
+

Khi kha K v tr 2 th mch bao gm hai phn t l R v L:
Nn ta c :
) 2 (
'
'
2 2
L
AB
AB
AB
Z R
U
Z
U
I
+

Theo I=I nn (1) = (2) :
2 2 2 2
L
AB
C
AB
Z R
U
Z R
U
+

+
Suy ra:
+ +
+

+
100
1 1
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
C L L C
L C
Z Z Z R Z R
Z R Z R
=> ) (
1
100
100
H
Z
L
L


+V d 3 : Cho mch in nh hnh v: u=120 2 cos(100 ) t (V); cun dy c r =15; ) (
25
2
H L

C l t in bin i. in tr vn k ln v cng. iu chnh C s ch vn k ln nht. Tm C v

s ch vn k lc ny?
A. ) ( 136 ); (
8
10
2
V U F C
V

B. ) ( 163 ); (
4
10
2
V U F C
V

30
A
B
C
K
R
L
r,L
C
A
B
C. ) ( 136 ); (
3
10
2
V U F C
V

D. ) ( 186 ); (
5
10
2
V U F C
V

Gii: Do vn k mc vo hai u cun dy nn s ch vn k l :

2 2
2 2
. . . ( )
( )
V d d d
L C
U U
U U I Z Z r L
Z
r Z Z
+
+
; Do Z
d
khng ph thuc C nn n khng i.
Vy biu thc trn t s khng i. => s ch Vn k ln nht khi mu s b nht:
2 2
min
( ( ) )
L C
r Z Z + iu ny xy ra khi cng hng in:
) ( 8
L C
Z Z
.
Suy ra : ) (
8
10
2
F C

, Lc Z = r =>
V s ch vn k :
2 2
. ( )
V d
U
U U r L
r
+
2 2
120
. 15 (8)
15
+ =
120
.17 136
15
V Chn A.
+V d 4 : Mch in xoay chiu gm mt cun dy c in tr r = 30, t cm
0, 4
L

H mc
ni tip vi t in c in dung C. in p tc thi gia hai u on mch l: 120cos100 u t (V).
Vi gi tr no ca C th cng sut tiu th ca mch c gi tr cc i v gi tr cng sut cc i bng
bao nhiu?
A.
4
10
2
C

F v
max
120 P W. B.
4
10
C

F v
max
120 2 P W.
C.
3
10
4
C

F v
max
240 P W. D.
3
10
C

F v
max
240 2 P W.
Gii : Cng sut:
( )
2
2
2
2
.
L C
U r
P I r
r Z Z

+

Ta c P
max

1
C L
Z Z L
C

( )
3
2
2
1 1 10
0, 4
4
100 .
C
L

F. =>

2 2
max
120
240
2.30
U
P
r

W. Chn C.
+V d 5 : Cho mch in khng phn nhnh. R = 100, cun dy c t cm L = 0,318 H, f =
50Hz, t in c in dung thay i. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu
dng
100 2 U
V. iu chnh C mch c cng hng in. Gi tr C v cng dng in khi
l:
A. C = 31,8F v
2 I
A. B. C = 31,8F v
2 2 I
A.
C. C = 3,18F v
3 2 I
A. D. C = 63,6F v I = 2A.
Gii : Cm khng:
2 . 2 .50.0,318 100
L
Z f L
;
Mch c cng hng khi Z
C
= Z
L
= 100.
4
1 1 10
2 . 2 .50.100
C
C
f Z

F 31,8 F.
max
U 100 2
I = = = 2
R 100
A. Chn A.
+V d 6 : Cho mch in gm R, L, C ni tip. R thay i,
1
L

H,
3
10
4
C

F. t vo hai u
on mch mt in p xoay chiu
75 2 cos100 u t
(V). Cng sut trn ton mch l P = 45W.
in tr R c gi tr bng bao nhiu?
A. R = 45 B. R = 60 C. R = 80 D. cu A hoc C
31
Gii :
1
100 . 100
L
Z L

;
3
1 1
40
10
100 .
4
C
Z
C

.
Cng sut tiu th:
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
.
0
L C
L C
U R U
P I R R R Z Z
P
R Z Z
+
+
( )
2
2
2
80
75
100 40 0
45 45
R
R R
R

+



Chn D.
+V d 7 : Cho on mch gm in tr thun R = 100 v t in c in dung C mc ni tip. Bit
biu thc hiu in th gia 2 u on mch u = 100 cos100t V v cng hiu dng trong mch
I= 0,5 A. Tnh tng tr ca on mch v in dung ca t in?
A. Z=100
2
; C=
1
Zc
= F
4
10
1

B. . Z=200
2
; C=
1
Zc
= F
4
10
1

C. Z=50
2
; C=
1
Zc
= F
4
10
1

D. . Z=100
2
; C=
1
Zc
=
3
10
F

HD GII:Chn A. L m Z= U/I =100

2
;dng cng thc Z =
2 2 2 2
100
C C
R Z Z + +
Suy ra Z
C
=
2 2 2 2
2.100 100 100 Z R
;C=
1
Zc
= F
4
10
1

+V d 8 :
Mt mch in xoay chiu ABDEF gm cc linh kin sau y mc ni tip (xem hnh v)
- Mt cun dy cm thun c h s t cm L.
- Hai in tr ging nhau, mi ci c gi tr R.
- Mt t in c in dung C.
t gia hai u A, F ca mch in mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dung U
AF
= 50V v c tn
s f = 50Hz.. in p gia hai u cc on mch AD v BE o c l U
AD
= 40V v U
BE
=
30V.Cng dng in hiu dng trong mch l I = 1A
a) Tnh cc gi tr R, L v C
b) Tnh h s cng sut ca mch in
c) Tnh lch pha gia cc hiu in th U
AD
v U
DF
. H Ti chnh K ton - 1999
Giia) Tng tr Z=
2 2
U 50
(2R) (Z Z ) 50
I 1
AF
L C
+
2 2
4R (Z Z ) 2500
L C
+ (1)
Li c Z
AD
=
2 2
U 40
R Z 40
I 1
AD
L
+
2 2
R Z 1600
L
+ (2)
Z
BE
=
2 2
U 30
R Z 30
I 1
BE
C
+
2 2
R Z 900
C
+ (3)
T (2) v (3): 4R
2
+ 2
2 2
Z 2Z 5000
L C
+ (4)
T (1): 4R
2
+
2 2
Z Z 2Z Z 2500
L C L C
+ (5)
Ly (4) tr (5):
2 2 2
Z Z 2Z Z (Z Z ) 2500
L C L C L C
+ + +
Z Z 50
L C
+
( loi nghim
Z Z 50 0)
L C
+ <
(6)
Ly (2) tr (3) 700=
2 2
Z Z (Z +Z )(Z Z )
L C L C L C
(7)
Thay (6) vo (7): 700=50
(Z Z )
L C

700
Z Z 14
50
L C
(8)
32
C
A
F
R
E D
R L
B
T (6) v (8) suy ra
Z 32
Z 18
L
C

'

6
Z 32
L= 0,102H
2 50
1 1
C= 177.10 F
Z 100 18
L
C

'

Thay vo (2) R=
2
1600 Z
L
=24
b) H s cng sut cos
2R 2.24
0, 96
Z 50

c) u
AD
sm pha hn i l

1
vi tan

1
=
Z 4
R 3
L
; u
DF
sm pha hn i l

2
vi tan

2
=
-Z 3
R 4
C

Ta c tan

1
. tan

2
= - 1 ngha l u
AD
sm pha hn u
DF
l
2

.
II. Bi tp t gii
Cu 1. on mch xoay chiu gm cun dy thun cm mc ni tip vi in tr thun. in p hai
u mch sm pha
3

so vi dng in trong mch v U = 160V, I = 2A; Gi tr ca in tr thun l

bao nhiu?
Cu 2: Mt on mch xoay chiu gm 2 trong 3 phn t R, L hoc C mc ni tip . Biu thc in p
2 u mch v cng dng in qua mch l
80cos 100 ( )
2
u t V

_
+

,
v 8cos(100 )( )
4
i t A

+ .
Cc phn t trong mch v tng tr ca mch l bao nhiu?
Cu 3. Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC khng phn nhnh v mt ampe k o cng dng in
trong mch. Cun dy c r = 10, . H
10
1
L

t vo hai u on mch mt in p dao ng iu

ho c gi tr hiu dng l U = 50 V v tn s f = 50 Hz. Khi in dung ca t in c gi tr l C
1
th
s ch ca ampe k l cc i v bng 1A. Gi tr ca R v C
1
l bao nhiu?
Cu 4:Mch RLC mc ni tip, khi tn s dng in l f th cm khng Z
L
= 25(

) v dung khng
Z
C
= 75(

) Khi mch c tn s f
0
th cng dng in trong mch t gi tr cc i .Kt lun
no l ng:
A. f
0
=
3
f B. f =
3
f
0
C. f
0
= 25
3
f D. f = 25
3
f
0
Cu 6: Cho mch gm in tr R v cun dy thun cm L mc ni tip, L thay i c. in p
hiu dng hai u mch l U, tn s gc

= 200(rad/s). Khi L = L
1
=

/4(H) th u lch pha so vi i

gc
1
v khi L = L
2
= 1/

(H) th u lch pha so vi i gc

2
. Bit
1
+
2
= 90
0
. Gi tr ca in tr R
l bao nhiu?
Cu 7 (C 2007): Ln lt t in p xoay chiu u = 5
2
cos(t) vi khng i vo hai u mi
phn t: in tr thun R, cun dy cm thun c t cm L, t in c in dung C th dng in
qua mi phn t trn u c gi tr hiu dng bng 50 mA. t in p ny vo hai u on mch
gm cc phn t trn mc ni tip th tng tr ca on mch l
Cu 8: ( thi H nm 2009) Mt on mch xoay chiu gm R,L,C mc ni tip. Bit cm khng
gp i dung khng. Dng vn k xoay chiu (c in tr rt ln) o in p gia hai u t in v
gia hai u in tr th s ch ca vn k nh nhau. lch pha gia hai u on mch so cng
dng in trong mch l bao nhiu
Cu 9: ( thi H nm 2009) t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng khng i vo hai u on
mch gm bin tr R mc ni tip vi t in. Dung khng ca t in l 100 . Khi iu chnh R th
ti hai gi tr R
1
v R
2
cng sut tiu th ca on mch nh nhau. Bit in p hiu dng gia hai u
33
t in khi R=R
1
bng hai ln in p hiu dng gia hai u t in khi R = R
2
. Cc gi tr R
1
v R
2
l
bao nhiu?.
Cu 10: Cho bit: R = 40,
F C
4
10
5 , 2

v:
80cos100 ( )
AM
u t V
;
7
200 2 cos(100 ) ( )
12
MB
u t V

+

r v L c gi tr l bao nhiu
Dng 9: XC NH GI TR CC I CA IN P HIU DNG KHI THAY I
L(HOC C, HOC f ) M KHNG LIN QUAN N CNG HNG.
1. Phng php gii chung:
Tm L U
Lmax
:
Phng php dng cng c o hm:
Lp biu thc di dng:
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
L
L L
L C
C C
L L
UZ U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z

+
+ +

U
Lmax
th y
min
.
Dng cng c o hm kho st trc tip hm s: ( )
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
C C
L L
y R Z Z
Z Z
+ +

Phng php dng tam thc bc hai:
Lp biu thc di dng:
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
L
L L
L C
C C
L L
UZ U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z

+
+ +
t ( )
2 2 2
2
1 1
2 1 1
C C
L L
y R Z Z ax bx
Z Z
+ + + +
Vi
1
L
x
Z

,
2 2
C
a R Z + , 2
C
b Z
( )
2 2 2 2
4 4 4
C C
Z R Z R +
U
Lmax
khi y
min
. Tam thc bc hai y t cc tiu khi
2
b
x
a
(v a > 0) hay
2 2
C
L
C
R Z
Z
Z
+

,
2
min
2 2
4
C
R
y
a R Z

+
.=> max
min
L
U
U
y

=>
2 2
C
Lmax
R + Z
U = U
R

Phng php gin Fre-nen:
T gin Fre-nen, ta c:

R L C
U U U U + +
ur uur uur uur
t
1 R C
U U U +
uur uur uur
,
vi
2 2
1 1 C
U IZ I R Z +
.
p dng nh l hm s sin, ta c:

sin
sin sin sin
L
L
U U U
U



V U khng i
34

C
A
B
R
L
V



R
C
L, r
M
A B
v
2 2
1
sin
R
C
U R
const
U
R Z

+

nn U
L
= U
Lmax
khi sin t cc i hay sin = 1.
Khi
2 2
max
C
L
U R Z
U
R
+

Khi
sin
=1
2

, ta c:
1
1
C
L
U U
co
U U

=>
1
1
C
L
Z Z
Z Z

=>
2 2
C
L
C
R +Z
Z =
Z
=>
2 2
C
C
R +Z
L =
Z
Ch : Nu tm in p cc i hai u cun dy c in tr thun r th lp biu thc
d
U
U
y

v
dng o hm, lp bng bin thin tm y
min
, U
dmax
v gi tr ca L.
Tm C U
Cmax
:
Lp biu thc di dng:

( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
C
C C
L C
L L
C C
UZ U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z

+
+ +
Tng t nh trn, dng ba phng php: o hm, tam thc bc hai, v gin Fre-nen
gii.
Ta c kt qu:
L
2 2
Cmax
R + Z
U = U
R
=>
2 2
L
C
L
R +Z
Z =
Z
=>
L
2 2
L
Z
C=
R + Z
Ch : Nu tm in p cc i hai u on mch nh gm R ni tip C th lp biu thc
RC
U
U
y

v dng o hm, lp bng bin thin tm y

min
.
Xc nh gi tr cc i U
Lmax
, v U
Cmax
khi tn s f thay i:
Lp biu thc in p hiu dng 2 u cun dy U
L:
2
2
2
2 2 4 2 2
1 1 1
1
. 2 1
L
L L
UZ U U
U IZ
y
L
R
R L
L C C L
C

_
_
+ +
+

,
,
t
2 2
1
a
L C
,
2
2
2 1 L
b R
C L
_


,
, 1 c ,
2
1
x

2
y ax bx c + +
Lp biu thc in p hiu dng 2 u t in U
C:
2
2 2 4 2 2 2
2
2
1
1
C C
U U U
U IZ
y
L
L C C R
C R L
C
C

_
_
+ +
+

,
,
t
2 2
a L C
,
2 2
2L
b C R
C
_


,
, 1 c ,
2
x

2
y ax bx c + +
Dng tam thc bc hai ca n ph x tm gi tr cc tiu ca y, cui cng c chung kt qu:
35
C
A B
R L
V
max max
2 2
2
4
L C
LU
U U
R LC R C

2
1 2
L
C
C

OL
=
2 - R
V
2
1
2
L
C
L

OC
2 - R
=
(vi iu kin
2
2
L
R
C
> )
Cc trng hp linh hot s dng cc cng thc hoc v gin Fre-nen gii ton.
2. Bi tp v xc nh gi tr cc i U
max
khi thay i L, hoc C, hoc f.
I. Bi tp c li gii
V d 1 : Cho mch in nh hnh v. in p gia hai u AB c biu thc 200cos100 u t (V).
Cun dy thun cm c L thay i c, in tr R = 100,
t in c in dung
4
10
C

(F). Xc nh L sao cho

in p hiu dng gia hai im M v B t gi tr cc i, tnh h s cng sut ca mch in khi .
Bi gii: Dung khng:
4
1 1
100
10
100 .
C
Z
C

Cch 1: Phng php o hm
Ta c:
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
AB L AB AB
MB L
L C
C C
L L
U Z U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z

+
+ +
max
min
L
U
U
y

vi ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
2
1 1
2 1 2 . 1
C C C C
L L
y R Z Z R Z x Z x
Z Z
+ + + +
(vi
1
L
x
Z

)
Kho st hm s y:Ta c: ( )
2 2
' 2 2
C C
y R Z x Z + . ( )
2 2
2 2
' 0 2 2 0
C
C C
C
Z
y R Z x Z x
R Z
+
+
Bng bin thin:
y
min
khi
2 2
C
C
Z
x
R Z

+
hay
2 2
1
C
L C
Z
Z R Z

+
2 2 2 2
100 100
200
100
C
L
C
R Z
Z
Z
+ +

200 2
100
L
Z
L

H ; H s
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
100 2
cos
2
100 200 100
L C
R
R Z Z

+ +
Cch 2: Phng php dng tam thc bc hai
Ta c:
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
AB L AB AB
MB L
L C
C C
L L
U Z U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z

+
+ +
t ( )
2 2 2
2
1 1
2 1 1
C C
L L
y R Z Z ax bx
Z Z
+ + + +
Vi
1
L
x
Z

;
2 2
C
a R Z + ; 2
C
b Z
36
C
A B
R
L
V
M
U
MBmax
khi y
min:
V
2 2
C
a R Z + > 0 nn tam thc bc hai t cc tiu khi
2
b
x
a

hay
( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
2
C C
L C C
Z Z
Z R Z R Z

+ +
2 2 2 2
100 100
200
100
C
L
C
R Z
Z
Z
+ +
;
200 2
100
L
Z
L

H
H s cng sut:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
100 2
cos
2
100 200 100
L C
R
R Z Z

+ +
Cch 3: Phng php dng gin Fre-nen.

R C L
U U U U + +
ur uur uur uur
t
1 R C
U U U +
uur uur uur

Ta c:
1
100
tan 1
100
C C C
R
U IZ Z
U IR R


1
4

rad
V
1
2

+
1
2

2 4 4

rad
Xt tam gic OPQ v t
1
+ .
Theo nh l hm s sin, ta c:
sin sin
L
U U

sin
sin
L
U
U

V U v sin khng i nn U
Lmax
khi sin cc i hay sin = 1
2

V
1
+
1
2 4 4

rad. H s cng sut:
2
cos cos
4 2

Mt khc tan 1
L C
Z Z
R

100 100 200
L C
Z Z R + +
200 2
100
L
Z
L


V d 2 : Mch in nh hnh v. Cun dy thun cm c t cm L = 0,318H, R = 100, t C l
t xoay. in p t vo hai u on mch c biu thc
200 2 cos100 u t
(V).
a. Tm C in p gia hai u bn t t gi tr cc i, tnh gi tr cc i .
b. Tm C in p hai u MB t cc i, tnh gi tr cc i .
Bi gii:
a. Tnh C U
Cmax
.
Cm khng : 100 .0,318 100
L
Z L
Cch 1: Phng php o hm:
Ta c:
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
C
C C
L C
L L
C C
UZ U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z

+
+ +
37
I
r
C
U
uur
U
ur
L
U
uur
R
U
uur
1
U
uur

O
P
Q
R C L
M
N
B A
V
V
t ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
2
1 1
2 1 2 . 1
L L L L
C C
y R Z Z R Z x x Z
Z Z
+ + + +
(vi
1
C
x
Z

)
U
Cmax
khi y
min
.
Kho st hm s:
( )
2 2 2
2 . 1
L L
y R Z x x Z + +
( )
2 2
' 2 2
L L
y R Z x Z +

' 0 y

( )
2 2
2 2 0
L L
R Z x Z +
2 2
L
L
Z
x
R Z

+

Bng bin thin:

y
min
khi
2 2
L
L
Z
x
R Z

+
hay
2 2
1
L
C L
Z
Z R Z

+

2 2 2 2
100 100
200
100
L
C
L
R Z
Z
Z
+ +


5
1 1 5.10
100 .200
C
C
Z

F

2 2
2 2
max
200 100 100
200 2
100
L
C
U R Z
U
R
+ +

(V)
Cch 2: Phng php dng tam thc bc hai.
Ta c:
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2 1
C
C C
L C
L L
C C
UZ U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z
R Z Z
Z Z

+
+ +
t ( )
2 2 2
2
1 1
2 1 1
L L
C C
y R Z Z ax bx
Z Z
+ + + +
(vi
1
C
x
Z

;
2 2
L
a R Z + ; 2
L
b Z )
U
Cmax
khi y
min
. V hm s y c h s gc a > 0, nn y t cc tiu khi:
2
b
x
a

hay
2 2
1
L
C L
Z
Z R Z

+

2 2 2 2
100 100
200
100
L
C
L
R Z
Z
Z
+ +

4
1 1 10
100 .200 2
C
C
Z

(F).

2 2
2 2
max
200 100 100
200 2
100
L
C
U R Z
U
R
+ +

V
Cch 3: Phng php dng gin Fre-nen.
Ta c:
L R C
U U U U + +
ur uur uur uur
p dng nh l hm s sin, ta c:

sin sin
C
U U

sin
sin
C
U
U

38
I
r
C
U
uur
1
U
uur
L
U
uur
R
U
uur
U
ur

O
P
Q
V U v
2 2
1
sin
R
L
U R
U
R Z

+
khng i nn U
Cmax
khi sin cc i hay sin = 1. Khi
sin 1
2

1 1
1 1
cos
L L
C C
U U Z Z
U U Z Z

2 2 2 2 2
1
100 100
200
100
L
C
L L
Z R Z
Z
Z Z
+ +

5
1 1 5.10
100 .200
C
C
Z

F

2 2
2 2
max
200 100 100
200 2
100
L
C
U R Z
U
R
+
+

(V)
b. Tm C U
Mbmax
. U
MBmax
= ?
Lp biu thc:
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
1
MB
MB MB
L L C C L L C
C
UZ U U
U IZ
y
R Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
R Z

+ +
+
+
t
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1
L L C L L
C
Z Z Z Z Z x
y
R Z R x

+ +
+ +
(vi x = Z
C
)
U
MBmax
khi y
min
:
Kho st hm s y:
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2
2 .
'
L L
Z x x Z R
y
R x

+
Ta c:
2 2
' 0 0
L
y x xZ R (*)
Gii phng trnh (*)
2 2
4
2
L L
C
Z Z R
x Z
+ +

(x ly gi tr dng).

( )
2 2 2
100 100 4.100
50 1 5 162
2
C
Z
+ +
+

Lp bng bin thin:

in dung
4
1 1
0,197.10
100 .162
C
C
Z

F;Thay
2 2
4
2
L L
C
Z Z R
x Z
+ +

vo biu
thc y
( )
2 2
min 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
4 4
4 2 2 4
4 L L L
L L
R R
y
R Z Z Z R
Z R Z

+ + +
+ +
39
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
max
min
4 200 100 100 4.100
324
2 2.100
L L
MB
U Z Z R
U
U
R y
+ + + +

(V)
V d 3 : Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. t vo hai u on mch AB mt in p
100 3cos
AB
u t (V) (

thay i c). Khi

1
th U
R
=100V; 50 2
C
U V; P =
50 6
W. Cho
1
L

H v U
L
> U
C
. Tnh U
L
v chng t l gi tr cc i ca U
L
.
Bi gii:Ta c:
( )
2
2 2
R L C
U U U U +
Thay cc gi tr ca U, U
R
, U
C
ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2
2
50 6 100 50 2 100 2
L L
U U + (V) (1)
Cng sut tiu th ton mch: cos P UI UI (v 0 )
50 6
1
50 6
P
I
U
A

100
100
1
R
U
R
I


100 2
100 2
1
L
L
U
Z
I


1
100 2
100 2
1
L
Z
L

rad/s

50 2
50 2
1
C
C
U
Z
I

4
1
1 1 10
100 2.50 2
C
C
Z

F
Ta c:

2
2
2
2 2 4 2 2
1 1
1
2 1
L L
U L U U
U IZ
y L
R
R L
L C C L
C

_
_
+ +
+

,
,
t
2 2
2 2 4 2 2
1 1
2 1 1
L
y R ax bx
L C C L
_
+ + + +

,
.Vi
2
1
x

;
2 2
1
a
L C
;
2
2
1
2
L
b R
C L
_


,
U
Lmax
khi y
min
. Tam thc bc hai y t cc tiu khi
2
b
x
a
(v a > 0).

2 4
4 3
1 4
4 b ac R
L L C
_


,

( )
2
2 2
min
2
4
4 4
R
y LC R C
a L

max
2 2 2
4 4
min
2
1
2.50 6.
2
4
1 10 10
100 4. . .100
L
U UL
U
y
R LC C R

,

100 2
(V)
Vy theo (1) th
max
100 2
L L
U U (V).
II. Bi tp t gii
Cu 1:Mt on mch RLC khng phn nhnh gm in tr thun 100 , cun dy cm thun c t
cm
H

1
v t in c in dung C thay i c. t vo hai u on mch mt in p
40
C
A B
R L
200 2 cos100 ( ) u t V . Thay i in dung C ca t in cho n khi in p hiu dng gia hai u t
in t gi tr cc i. Gi tr cc i bng bao nhiu?.
Cu 2: Cho on mch in khng phn nhnh RLC. in p gia hai u on mch c biu thc
200cos100 u t (V). in tr R = 100, Cun dy thun cm c L thay i c, t in c in
dung
4
10
C

(F). Xc nh L sao cho in p

hiu dng gia hai u cun dy t gi tr cc i.
C u 3 :Mch in xoay chiu ni tip gm cun dy c t cm L, in tr r v t in C. t vo
hai u on mch mt hiu in th xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 30V.
iu chnh C in
p trn hai bn t t gi tr
cc i v bng s 50V. in p hiu dng gia hai u cun dy khi l
bao nhiu?
Cu 4: t in p xoay chiu c f thay i vo hai u on mch in xoay chiu RLC mc theo th t
c R=50, F C H L
24
10
;
6
1
2
. in p hiu dng 2 u LC (U
LC
) t gi tr cc tiu th tn s
dng in phi bng:
Cu 5: Mt mch in xoay chiu mc ni tip gm mt in tr, mt t in v mt cun dy thun cm
c h s t cm L c th thay i, vi u l in p hai u on mch v u
RC
l in p hai u on mch
cha RC, thay i L in p hiu dng hai u cun dy t gi tr cc i khi kt lun no sau y
l sai?
A. u v u
RC
vung pha. B.(U
L
)
2
Max
=
2
U +
2
RC
U C.
2 2
C
L
C
Z R
Z
Z
+

D.
2 2
( )
C
L Max
C
U R Z
U
Z
+

Cu 6: Cho on mch in xoay chiu AN B ,on AN cha R=10 3 v C thay i ,on NB Cha
L=

2 . 0
H . Tm C
AN
U
cc i :
Cu 7: Cho on mch in xoay chiu AN B ,on AN cha R v C thay i ,on NB Cha L=

5 . 1
H
. Bit f=50HZ ,ngi ta thay i C sao cho
AN
U
cc i bng 2
AB
U
.Tm R v C:
Cu 8: Cho mch in gm R, L, C mc ni tip. Bit R = 30, Z
L
= 40, cn C thay i c. t vo
hai u mch in mt in p u = 120cos(100t - /4)V. Khi C = C
o
th in p hiu dng gia hai bn t
t gi tr cc i U
Cmax
bng
Cu 9: Mt mch in xoay chiu gm mt t in C ni tip vi mt cun dy. t vo hai u on
mch mt hiu in th u = 100 2 cost(V) th hiu in th hiu dng hai u t in C v hai u
cun dy ln lt l 100 2 (V) v 100 V. Cng hiu dng trong mch I = 2 (A). Tnh tn s gc
, bit rng tn s dao ng ring ca mch
0
=100 2 ( rad/s).
A. 100 ( rad/s).

B.50 ( rad/s). C. 60 ( rad/s).

D. 50
2
( rad/s).
Cu 10: (H-2011) t in p xoay chiu t 100 cos 2 U u (U khng i, t tnh bng s) vo hai u
on mch mc ni tip gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm
5
1
H v t in c in
dung C thay i c. iu chnh in dung ca t in in p hiu dng gia hai bn t in t gi
tr cc i. Gi tr cc i bng 3 U . in tr R bng
A. 2 20 . B. 2 10 . C. 10 . D. 20 .
Dng 10: BI TON HP EN X
I.Ch :
41
C
A
B
R
L
V
M
1. Mch in n gin ( X ch cha 1 phn t ):
a. Nu
NB
U
cng pha vi i suy ra X ch cha
0
R
b. Nu
NB
U
sm pha vi i gc
2

suy ra X ch cha
0
L
c. Nu
NB
U
tr pha vi i gc
2

suy ra X ch cha
0
C
2. Mch in phc tp:
a. Mch 1
Nu
AB
U
cng pha vi i , suy ra X ch cha
0
L
Nu
AN
U
v
NB
U
to vi nhau gc
2

suy ra X cha (
0 0
, L R
)
b. Mch 2
Nu
AB
U
cng pha vi i suy ra X ch cha
0
C
Nu
AN
U
v
NB
U
to vi nhau gc
2

suy ra X cha (
0 0
, C R
)
II.Phng php: gii mt bi ton v hp kn ta thng s dng hai phng php sau:
1. Phng php i s
B
1
: Cn c u vo ca bai ton t ra cc gi thit c th xy ra.
B
2
: Cn c u ra ca bi ton loi b cc gi thit khng ph hp.
B
3
: Gi thit c chn l gi thit ph hp vi tt c cc d kin u vo v u ra ca bi ton.
2. Phng php s dng gin vc t trt.
B
1
: V gin vc t (trt) cho phn bit ca on mch.
B
2
: Cn c vo d kin bi ton v phn cn li ca gin .
B
3
: Da vo gin vc t tnh cc i lng cha bit, t lm sng to hp kn.
a. Gin vc t
* C s: + Hiu in th tc thi hai u on mch: u
AB
= u
R
+ u
L
+ u
C
Ta biu din:

'

uur r
R R
R
+ t t i O
u u +C ng h ng I
+ l n U

'

+
+

) U vi l t cng (theo U : ln
2
gc 1 I so pha Sm
O ti t
u u
R L
L L

'

+
+

C
C C
U : ln
2
gc 1 i so pha Mun
O ti t
u u
42
R
L

X
A N B
R C
X

A N B
* Cch v gin vc t
V i khng i nn ta chn trc cng dng
in lm trc gc, gc ti im O, chiu dng
l chiu quay lng gic.
* Cch v gin vc t trt
Bc 1: Chn trc nm ngang l trc dng in,
im u mch lm gc ( l im A).
Bc 2: Biu din ln lt hiu in th qua
mi phn bng cc vc t

NB ; MN ; AM
ni ui nhau theo nguyn tc: R - i ngang; L - i ln; C - i xung.
Bc 3: Ni A vi B th vc t AB chnh l biu din u
AB
Nhn xt:
+ Cc in p trn cc phn t c biu din bi cc vc t m ln t l vi in p dng ca n.
+ lch pha gia cc hiu in th l gc hp bi gia cc vc t tng ng biu din chng.
+ lch pha gia hiu in th v cng dng in l gc hp bi vc t biu din n vi trc i.
+ Vic gii bi ton l xc nh ln cc cnh v gc ca tam gic da vo cc nh l hm s sin,
hm s cosin v cc cng thc ton hc:

a b C
SinB SinA SinC

Trong ton hc mt tam gic s gii c
nu bit trc ba (hai cnh 1 gc, hai gc
mt cnh, ba cnh) trong su yu t (3 gc
v 3 cnh).
+ a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
- 2bccos

A
; b
2
= a
2
+ c
2
- 2accos

B
; c
2
= a
2
+ b
2
- 2abcos

C
III. Cc cng thc:
+ Cm khng: Z
L
= L + Dung khng: Z
C
=
C
1

+ Tng tr Z =
2
C L
2
) Z Z ( R + + nh lut m: I =
Z
U
I
Z
U
0
0

43
U L
U R
U A B
O
U + L U C
U C
i
+
U
A
B
i
+
U
A
N
U L
U C
U R
A
M
B
N
A
B C
b
a
c
+ lch pha gia u v i: tg =
R
Z Z
C L

+ Cng sut to nhit: P = UIcos = I
2
R +H s cng sut: K = cos =
Z
R
UI
P

I. Bi tp c li gii
V d 1: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v.
X l mt hp en cha 1 phn t:R hoc L hoc (L, r) hoc C, bit u
AB
=100
2
cos100t (V); I
A
=
2
(A), P = 100 (W), C =
3
10
3
(F), i tr pha hn u
AB
. Tm cu to X v gi tr ca phn t.
Gii: Theo gi thit i tr pha hn u
AB
v mch tiu th in suy ra: Hp en l mt cun dy c r 0.
-Ta c: P = I
2
r r =
( )
( ) 50
2
100
I
P
2 2
-Mc khc: r
2
+ (Z
L
- Z
c
)
2
=
2
2
I
U AB

( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
AB
C L
50
2
100
r
I
U
Z Z
-Gii ra: Z
L
= 80 L =
5
4
100
80

L
Z
(H)
V d 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v: U
AB
= 200cos100t(V)
Z
C
= 100 ; Z
L
= 200; I = 2
) A ( 2
; cos = 1;
X l on mch gm hai trong ba phn t (R
0
, L
0
(thun), C
0
) mc ni tip. Hi X cha nhng linh
kin g ? Xc nh gi tr ca cc linh kin .
Gii :
Cch 1: Dng phng php gin vc t trt.
* Theo bi ra cos = 1 u
AB
v i cng pha.
U
AM
= U
C
= 200
2
(V)
U
MN
= U
L
= 400
2
(V)
U
AB
= 100
2
(V)
* Gin vc t trt hnh bn; T =>
V U
AB
cng pha so vi i nn trn NB (hp X) phi cha in tr R
o
v t in C
o
.
+ U
Ro
= U
AB
IR
o
= 100
2
R
o
= ) ( 50
2 2
2 100

+ U
Co
= U
L
- U
C
I . Z
Co
= 200
2
Z
Co
= ) ( 100
2 2
2 200
C
o
= ) F (
10
100 . 100
1
4

Cch 2: Dng phng php i s:

44
A
C
B N M
X
U C 0
U R 0
U M N
U A M
N
A
B
U A B
M
i
B1: Cn c u vo ca bi ton t cc gi thit c th xy ra.
Trong X c cha R
o
v L
o
hoc R
o
v C
o
Theo bi Z
AB
= ) ( 50
2 2
2 100
.Ta c: 1
Z
R
cos
B2: Cn c u ra loi b cc gi thit khng ph hp v Z
L
> Z
C
nn X phi cha C
o
.
V trn on AN ch c C v L nn NB (trong X) phi cha R
o
,
B3: Ta thy X cha R
o
v C
o
ph hp vi gi thit t ra.
Mt khc: R
o
=Z Z
L
(tng) = Z
C
(tng) nn Z
L
= Z
C
+Z
Co.
Vy X c cha R
o
v C
o

'

) ( 100 100 200 Z Z Z
) ( 50 Z R
C L C
AB 0
o
C
o
= ) F (
10
4

V d 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v:U

AB
= 120(V); Z
C
=
) ( 3 10
;
R = 10(); u
AN
= 60 6 cos100 ( ) t V ; U
NB
= 60(V)
a. Vit biu thc u
AB
(t)
b. Xc nh X. Bit X l on mch gm hai trong ba phn t (R
o
, L
o
(thun), C
o
) mc ni tip
Gii : a. V gin vc t cho on mch bit (Hnh v)
Phn cn li cha bit hp kn cha g v vy ta gi s n l mt vc t bt k tin theo chiu dng
in sao cho: NB = 60V, AB = 120V, AN = 60
V 3
+ Xt tham gic ANB, ta nhn thy AB
2
= AN
2
+ NB
2
, vy l tam gic vung ti N
tg =
3
1
3 60
60
AN
NB


6

U
AB
sm pha so vi U
AN
gc
6

Biu thc u
AB
(t): u
AB
= 120
2 cos 100
6
t

_
+

,
(V)
b. Xc nh X: T gin ta nhn thy
NB
cho ln m trong X ch cha 2 trong 3 phn t nn X
phi cha R
o
v L
o
. Do ta v thm c
0 0
L R
U v U nh hnh v.
+ Xt tam gic vung AMN:
6
3
1
Z
R
U
U
tg
C C
R


+ Xt tam gic vung NDB:
) V ( 30
2
1
. 60 sin U U
) V ( 3 30
2
3
. 60 cos U U
NB L
NB R
O
O


+Mt khc: U
R
= U
AN
sin = 60 ) v ( 3 30
2
1
. 3
30 3
3 3( )
10
R
U
I A
R

45
A
C
B N M
X
R
U
A
B
U C
U R
A
M
N
B
i
U
A
N
U
N
B
U R 0
U l 0
D
+Hp en X:
30 3
10( )
3 3
30 10 10 0,1
( ) ( )
3 3 3 100 3 3
O
O
O
R
O
L
L O
U
R
I
U
Z L H
I

'

* Nhn xt: y l bi ton cha bit trc pha v cng dng in nn gii theo phng php i
s s gp nhiu kh khn (phi xt nhiu trng hp, s lng phng trnh ln gii phc tp). Vy
s dng gin vc t trt s cho kt qu ngn gn, .. Tuy nhin, hc sinh kh nhn bit c:
2
NB
2
AN
2
AB
U U U + . c s nhn bit tt, HS phi rn luyn nhiu bi tp c k nng gii.
V d 4: Mt on mch xoay chiu AB gm hai phn t X, Y mc nh trn.Cng dao ng
trong mch nhanh pha /6 so vi hiu in th gia hai u on mch.
a) Hai phn t trn l 2 phn t no trong s R, L, C?
b) Bit cc bin ca hiu in th v cng dng in ln lt l U
0
= 40V v I
0
= 8,0 A, tn s
dao ng l f = 50Hz. Tnh gi tr mi phn t.
Li gii: Gi s trong on mch trn khng c R. Nh vy th X
,
Y l hai phn t L, C.
Gi l gc hp vi
I U

;
( R=0): tg =
R
Z Z
c L

= = tg
2

v l
Theo u bi
U
tr pha vi i 1 gc /6 vy mch in chc chn c R (gi s X l R)
Y l L hoc C .Do i sm pha hn u => Y l C
= 2f = 2.50 = 100 (Rad/s); tg = -
3
1
)
6
( tg
R
Z
C

3
Z
C
= R (1)
Mt khc: Z =
5
8
40
I
U
Z R
0
0 2
C
2
+
R
2
+ Z
2
C
= 25 (2)
Thay (1) vo (2): 3Z
C
2
+ Z
2
C
= 25 Z
C
= 2,5 () R = 2,5
3
()
Vy: R = 2,5
3
; C =

3
C
10 . 4
100 . 5 , 2
1
Z
1
(F)
II. Bi tp t gii
Cu 1: Mt on mch xoay chiu c hai trong ba phn t R,C hoc cun dy thun cm. in p hai
u mch v cng dng in qua mch c biu thc: u = 100 cos 100t (V) ; i = 2cos (100t-
0,25) (A). in tr hoc tr khng tng ng l bao nhiu?.
Cu 2: Cho on mch nh hnh v, bit V t u ) 100 cos( 2 100 , C = F

4
10

. Hp kn X ch cha
mt phn t (R hoc cun dy thun cm), dng in trong mch sm pha /3 so vi in p gia hai
u on mch AB. Hp X cha g ? in tr hoc cm khng c gi tr bao nhiu?
Cu 3: Cho on mch AB gm bin tr ni tip vi hp kn X. Hp X ch cha cun thun cm L
hoc t C .U
AB
= 200 (V) khng i ; f = 50 Hz .Khi bin tr c gi tr sao cho P
AB
cc i th I = 2(A)
v sm pha hn u
AB
. Khng nh no l ng ?
46
X

B
C
A

A B
A. X cha C =
4
10
2

F B. X cha L=
1

H C. X cha C =
4
10

F D. X cha L =
1
2.
H
Cu 4: (hnh v) hp X cha mt trong ba phn t: in tr thun, cun
dy, t in. Khi t vo hai u AB mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu
dng 220V, ngi ta o c U
AM
= 120V v U
MB
= 260V. Hp X cha:
A.cun dy thun cm. B.cun dy khng thun cm. C. in tr thun. D. t in.
Cu 5: t vo hi u on mch AB mt in p u = 100
2
cos(100

t)(V),
t in c C = 10
-4
/

(F). Hp X ch cha mt phn t (in tr hoc cun

dy thun cm) i sm pha hn u
AB
mt gc

/3. Hp X cha in tr hay

cun dy? Gi tr in tr hoc t cm tng ng l bao nhiu?
A. Hp X cha in tr: R = 100 3 . B. Hp X cha in tr: R = 100/ 3 .
C.Hp X cha cun dy: L = 3 /

(H). D. Hp X cha cun dy: L = 3 /2

(H).
Cu 6: Mt on mch in xoay chiu gm 2 trong 3 phn t R, L, C mc ni tip. Cng dng
in trong on mch nhanh pha 6 / so vi hiu in th gia hai u on mch, tn s f = 50Hz.
Bit U
0
= 40 V v I
0
= 8A. Xc nh cc phn t trong mch v tnh gi tr ca cc phn t ?
A. R = 2,5 3 v C = 1,27mF. B. R = 2,5 3 v L = 318mH.
C. R = 2,5 3 v C = 1,27

F. D. R = 2,5 3 v L = 3,18mH.
Cu 7: Cho on mch gm hai phn t X, Y mc ni tip. Trong X, Y c th l R, L hoc C. Cho
bit hiu in th gia hai u on mch l u = 200
2
cos100

t(V) v i = 2
2
cos(100

t -

/6)(A).
Cho bit X, Y l nhng phn t no v tnh gi tr ca cc phn t ?
A. R = 50 v L = 1/

H. B. R = 50 v C = 100/

F.
C. R = 50 3 v L = 1/2

H. D. R = 50 3 v L = 1/

H.
Cu 8: Cun dy thun cm c h s t cm L = 636mH mc ni tip vi on mch X. t vo hai
u on mch hiu in th u = 120
2
cos100

t(V) th cng dng in qua cun dy l i = 0,6

2
cos(100

t -

/6)(A). Tm hiu in th hiu dng U

X
gia hai u on mch X?
A. 120V. B. 240V. C. 120
2
V. D. 60
2
V.
Cu 9: Cho mt hp en X trong c cha 2 trong 3 phn t R, L, hoc C mc ni tp. Mc hp en
ni tip vi mt cun dy thun cm c L
0
= 318mH. t vo hai u on mch in mt hiu in
th xoay chiu c biu thc u = 200
2
.cos(100

t-

/3)(V) th dng in chy trong mch c biu

thc i = 4
2
.cos(100

t -

/3)(A). Xc nh phn t trong hp X v tnh gi tr ca cc phn t?

A. R = 50; C

= 31,8

F. B. R = 100; L

= 31,8mH.
C. R = 50; L

= 3,18

H. D. R = 50; C

= 318

F.
Dng 11: Bi Ton hai on mch:
1. Hai on mch in xoay chiu cng pha: on mch AM gm R
1
L
1
C
1
v on mch MB gm
R
2
L
2
C
2
mc ni tip vi nhau
-Nu c: U
AB
= U
AM
+ U
MB
u
AB
; u
AM
v u
MB
cng pha tanu
AB
= tanu
AM
= tanu
MB
2. Hai on mch R
1
L
1
C
1
v R
2
L
2
C
2
xoay chiu cng u hoc cng i c pha lch nhau :
47

A M
X
C
B

C
B
A
X
Vi
1 1
1
1
tan
L C
Z Z
R

v
2 2
2
2
tan
L C
Z Z
R

(gi s
1
>
2
)
C
1

2
=
1 2
1 2
tan tan
tan
1 tan tan

+

Trng hp c bit = /2 (vung pha nhau) th tan
1.
tan
2
= -1.
I. Bi tp c li gii
VD1: Mch in hnh 1 c u
AB
v u
AM
lch pha nhau .
Hai on mch AB v AM c cng i v u
AB
chm pha hn u
AM


AM

AB
=
tan tan
tan
1 tan tan

+
AM AB
AM AB
Nu u
AB
vung pha vi u
AM
th: tan tan =-1 1
L C L
AM AB
Z Z Z
R R



VD2: Mch in hnh 2: Khi C = C
1
v C = C
2
(gi s C
1
> C
2
) th i
1
v i
2
lch pha nhau
Hai on mch RLC
1
v RLC
2
c cng u
AB
Gi
1
v
2
l lch pha ca u
AB
so vi i
1
v i
2

th c
1
>
2

1
-
2
=
Nu I
1
= I
2
th
1
= -
2
= /2
Nu I
1
I
2
th tnh
1 2
1 2
tan tan
tan
1 tan tan

+
Cu 1 : t vo hai u on mch hnh 3.3 mt hiu in th u
AB
=
U
o
cos(100t). Bit C
1
=40F, C
2
= 200F, L = 1,5H. Khi chuyn
kho K t (1) sang (2) th thy dng in qua ampe k trong hai
trng hp ny c lch pha nhau 90
o
. in tr R ca cun dy l:
A. R = 150 B. R = 100 C. R = 50 D. R = 200
Cu 2 (H-2010): Mt on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on mch AM
c in tr thun 50 mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c t cm
) (
1
H

on mch MB ch c t
in vi in dung thay i c. t in p
t U u 100 cos
0

(V) vo hai u on mch AB. iu

chnh in dung ca t in n gi tr C
1
sao cho in p hai u on mch AB lch pha /2 so vi
in p hai u on mch AM. Gi tr ca C
1
bng
A.

5
10 . 8

F B.

5
10

(F) C.

5
10 . 4

(F). D.

5
10 . 2

(F)
48
R L C M A B
Hnh 1
R L C M A B
Hnh 2
A
C
2
B
(1)
(2)
C
1
K
L,R
A
Hnh 3.3
HNG DN: lch pha gia hiu in th hai u on mch AN v i l : tan (1)
L
AM
Z
R
.
lch pha gia u v I l
1
tan
L C
Z Z
R

(2).Theo gi thit th
2 5
1
1 1 2
( ) 8.10
tan tan 1 1 125
2
L L C
AM AM C L
L
Z Z Z R
Z Z C F
R Z

+ +
Cu 3: mch in R=100; C = 10
-4
/(2)(F). Khi t vo
AB mt in p xoay chiu c tn s f = 50Hz th u
AB
v u
AM
vung pha vi nhau. Gi tr L l:
A. L = 2/(H) B. L = 3/(H) C. L = 3 /(H) D. L =
1/(H)
Cu4 (H-2011): Mt on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on mch AM
gm in tr thun R
1
mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C, on mch MB gm in tr thun R
2
mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c t cm L. t in p xoay chiu c tn s v gi tr hiu dng
khng i vo hai u on mch AB. Khi on mch AB tiu th cng sut bng 120 W v c h
s cng sut bng 1. Nu ni tt hai u t in th in p hai u on mch AM v MB c cng gi
tr hiu dng nhng lch pha nhau
3

, cng sut tiu th trn on mch AB trong trng hp ny

bng
A. 75 W. B. 90 W. C. 160 W. D. 180 W.
Gii:
* Ban u, mch xy ra cng hng:
) .( 120 120
2 1
2
2 1
2
1
R R U
R R
U
P +
+

(1)
* Lc sau, khi ni tt C, mch cn R
1
R
2
L:
+) U
AM
= U
MB
; = /3
V gin = /6
3
) (
3
1
tan
2 1
2 1
R R
Z
R R
Z
L
L
+

+

90
3
) (
) (
) ( 120
) ( ) ( ) (
2
2 1 2
2 1
2 1
2 1
2
2
2 1
2
2 1 2

1
]
1

+
+ +
+
+ + +
R R
R R
R R
R R
Z
U
R R I R R P
p n B.
Cu 5(H-2011): on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on AM gm in
tr thun R
1
= 40 mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C =

4
10
3
F, on mch MB gm in tr
thun R
2
mc vi cun thun cm. t vo A, B in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng v tn s
khng i th in p tc thi hai u on mch AM v MB ln lt l:
) V )(
12
7
t 100 cos( 2 50 u
AM


v
) ( 100 cos 150 V t u
MB

. H s cng sut ca on mch AB l
49
I
U
A
M
U
U
MB

/3
Gii:
+ Ta c Z
C
= 40
+ tan
AM =
4
1
1

AM
C
R
Z
+ T hnh v c:
MB =
3

tan
MB
=
3 3
2
2
R Z
R
Z
L
L


* Xt on mch AM:
2 625 , 0
2 40
50

AM
AM
Z
U
I
* Xt on mch MB: 3 60 ; 60 2 120
2 2
2 2
2
+
L L
MB
MB
Z R R Z R
I
U
Z
H s cng sut ca mch AB l :
Cos =
2 2
2 1
2 1
) ( ) (
C L
Z Z R R
R R
+ +
+
0,84 p n A.
II. Bi tp t gii
Cu 6 : Mch in xoay chiu AB gm in tr thun R = 80 ni tip vi hp X. Trong hp X ch
cha mt phn t l in tr thun R hoc cun thun cm L, hoc t C. 100 2 os(120 )
4
u c t V

+
. Dng in qua R c cng hiu dng 1 A v tr pha hn u
AB
. Phn t trong hp X c gi tr:
Cu 7: Gia hai im A v B ca ngun xoay chiu u = 220 2 cos(100t /2)(V). Ta ghp vo
mt phn t X (trong s R, L, C) th dng in qua mch o c l 0,5(A) v tr pha /2 so vi u.
Nu thay X bng mt phn t Y (trong s R,L, C) th dng in qua mch cng pha so vi u v cng
hiu dng cng bng 0,5(A). Khi ghp X, Y ni tip, ri ghp vo ngun trn th dng in qua
mch c cng
50
I
U
AM
U
MB
7/12
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/3