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M PHNG MT CHNG TRNH N GIN CA PIC BNG ISIS_PROTEUS

I. Gii thiu
Nh cc bn u bit, in t hay nhng lnh vc khc: in, thy lc,thit k mch l vic lm thng xuyn.Nhng mun bit mch bn thit k ra hot ng nh th no, c sai st g khng, trc khi tin hnh lm mch tht th bn lm th no ?.Cu tr li, l dng cc phn mm m phng (Simulation).Tuy n cha t chnh xc tuyt i nh mch tht nhng cng tha mn phn no lng tham v y ca chng ta. Trong lnh vc in t, m phng mch in t, c rt nhiu phn mm h tr nh Proteus, Multisim, Circuit Maker,a s cc hng cung cp cc phn mm ny u c phin bn dng th (Demo) cho khch hng, nhng kh ni my bn demo ny thng c gii hn thi gian dng qa ngn, hoc l cho php thit k v m phng nhng li khng cho Save,i loi l h mun chng ta phi mua bn quyn s dng chng.Ai chng mun dng phin bn chnh thc, nhng vi chng ta, gi ca n trn tri nn bt t d chng ta phi n cp bng cch dng bn c crack thi. C nhiu phn mm h tr m phng nh vy th ta nn chn loi no ?, Multisim m phng rt tt nhng n li khng h tr cho cc MCU, y mnh ch gii thiu c bn vi cc bn v phn mm Proteus. Proteus l phn mm ca hng Labcenter Electronics, n m phng c cho hu ht cc linh kin in t thng dng, c bit c h tr cho c cc MCU nh PIC, 8051, AVR, Motorola.Cc bn c th ti bn demo ti a ch http://www.labcenter.co.uk , y l bn demo, nh cung cp khng cho php chng ta Save kt qu lm c.

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II. Trnh t m phng

Sau y l trnh t m phng mt chng trnh n gin cho Vi iu khin PIC 1. Cc thnh phn c bn Sau khi ci t Proteus, vo Start menu, khi ng isis ca Proteus:

Giao din chnh:

Hp hin th hnh linh kin

Hp hin th danh sch linh kin

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Cc toolbar chnh: Thanh s 1

Cm 1: To nhanh mt trang thit k, m trang thit k to, lu trang thit k Cm 2: In c trang, chn vng in ty Cm 3: Chia li im trang thit k Cm 4: Zoom linh kin v gia trang, phng to trang, thu nh trang, fix trang, zoom vng ty chn Cm 5: Ct, copy, paste trang Cm 6: Copy, move, quay, xa linh kin trn trang Cm 7: Ch dng biu tng u, chn linh kin Thanh s 2

2 3 4 5

6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

1.Component, cho php chn linh kin sau khi nhp nt P hp thoi DEVICES 2.Chm im trn trang 3.To nhn: nhp tri chut ln dy dn v t tn 4.Text:nhp tri chut v vit 5.To bus:nhp tri ko n im khc, li nhp tri ri nhp phi.Phi t label cho cng tn cho cc dy dn s dng chung bus 6.I dont use 7.Nhp tri ln linh kin xem edit component 8.Ngun, t, bus, 9.Chn linh kin 10.Simulation Graph, I dont use 11.Tape recorder, I dont know 12.Generator: DC, xung, sin, 13.Voltage Probe, ging vn k thng nhng ch c 1 u dy, hin s trc tip 14.Current Probe, nh trn nhng cho gi tr dng 15.Dng c o: oscilloscope, vn k AC,DC, ampe k AC,DC, 16.V ng 2D 17.V hp 2D 18.V ng trn 2D 19.V cung trn 2D 20.V a gic 2D 21.Text 2D, nhp tri vo trang v type 22.I dont use 23.I dont know Thanh s 3 Quay tri, phi, i xng chn ngang dc linh kin trn hp hin

th hnh linh kin

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Thanh s 4 iu khin start, step by step, pause, stop qu trnh m phng Cn mt thanh toolbar gia nh trn hnh na, nhng thanh ny ch yu dng lin quan n to mch in, ta khng cp y. 2. Thit k mch m phng Chng ta s thit k mch m phng cho chng trnh m s ln ci button n xung v hin th ln 1 led 7 on, nh vy ch hin th c t 0 n 9 thi.Mch m phng nh sau:

u tin chng ta s ly tt c cc linh kin cn dng ra hp thoi DEVICES, c 2 cch: Nhp vo biu tng u tin cm 7 trn thanh s 1 , ri nhp vo ch P hp thoi Nhp vo biu tng s 1 trn thanh s 2 DEVICES Ta s c hp thoi Pick Devices hin ra nh sau:

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G tn linh kin cn ly vo Keywords (V d Pic16F877 hay 16f u c, min sao c t trong tn linh kin v thy n xut hin l c)

Hnh linh kin v s chn mch in hin ra bn cnh khi bn nhp vo dng cha tn linh kin, chn, bn nhp OK hoc nhp p vo tn linh kin, lc ny trn hp thoi DEVICES s xut hin tn linh kin chn:

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Tng t nh vy, bn g vo resistor chn ra in tr 4k7, in tr 220, g vo 7seg chn ra led 7 on loi common cathode, g vo button chn ra nt bm, kt qu nh sau:

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Cn ngun v t ta s a vo sau. ly linh kin ra trang thit k, nhp vo tn linh kin trong hp thoi thay i cho ph hp sau sang DEVICES, dng thanh cng c nhp tri vo trang thit k t linh kin, v d ta t con Pic trc:

di chuyn n n v tr mong mun, c 2 cch : Ta nhp phi vo n (lc ny n c mu ), chn tip biu tng move trong cm s 6 trn thanh s 1 (nt th 2 tnh t tri qua), lc ny linh kin dnh v di chuyn theo chut, di chuyn n v tr thch hp ri nhp tri l xong Ta nhp phi vo n (lc ny n c mu ), sau nhp v gi chut tri, ko n v tr mong mun v th ra, th l ok Tng t cho cc linh kin cn li, cc bn a ht ra trang thit k, ngun v t trn thanh cng c s 2, lc ny hp cc bn ly ra bng cch nhp vo biu tng thoi DEVICES s hin ra danh sch linh kin trong c ngun v t, cc bn ly ra trang thit k nh thng. tr v danh sch linh kin ban u, bn nhp vo biu tng trn thanh cng c s 2, di chuyn cc linh kin n v tr thch hp chun b i dy, ta c:

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i dy, cc bn nhp tri vo chn linh kin th nht, di chut n v nhp tri ln chn linh kin th hai. xa nhanh mt linh kin, nhp p phi ln linh kin , xem v sa thng s linh kin, nhp phi ri nhp tri ln linh kin.Mch hon chnh nh sau:

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Nh vy l ton b mch m phng c v xong.Nhng con Pic hot ng c, cn phi c mt chng trnh no vit cho n, v n l con vi iu khin lp trnh c m.Proteus cho php m phng MCU ni chung bng cch np vo n file.hex File.hex ca chng trnh trn nh sau, cc bn copy qua Notepad v save li vi ui m rng l .hex:
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

y mnh save li vi tn file l dem1-9dungngatngoai.hex. np file ny vo Pic, bn nhp phi ri nhp tri ln con Pic, c hp thoi Edit Component sau:

Type vo y thay i tn s thch anh cp cho Pic

Nhp vo y ch ng dn n file.hex ca bn

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Trong chng trnh mnh vit khai bo s dng thch anh 4MHz, do vy ta thay i 1MHz thnh 4MHz v nhp vo biu tng ci folder load file dem1-9dungngatngoai.hex lu lc trc vo, kt qu nh sau:

Nhp OK l xong 3. Chy m phng Khu thit k mch hon tt, phn mong ch n, m phng xem con Pic c lm c nhng g ta mong ch hay khng.Mc ch vit chng trnh ca ta l khi chng trnh hot ng,u tin con led 7 on s hin s 0, sau mi ln nt bm c n xung, con led li mt ln tng thm 1 n v, khi vt qua 9, n li quay v m t 1. Chng ta bt u chy m phng, dng thanh iu khin bt u, rt n gin nh m Windows Media Player vy cc bn, nhp vo nt Simulate, ta c g:

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Th v tht, ng nh ta mong ch, con led 7 on ang hin th s 0.By gi bn nhp vo nt bm 12 ci lin tip xem th no nh :

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Tht chnh xc, by gi con led 7 on ang ch s 3, ng nh ta mong mun.Nh vy l chng trnh m phng mch thnh cng ri. 4. Sample Designs Proteus thit k mu rt nhiu v y Sample ngi dng tham kho cng nh cho thy nhng kh nng m phng ca chng trnh ny. m Sample ra xem, cc bn vo Help > Sample Designs xem:

Hp thoi Proteus Sample Files hin ra:

Ci ny rt ging Windows Explorer nn xem rt d dng.Trong ny c nhiu Sample rt hay, va xem li va bit thm tn ca nhiu linh kin na.

III. Mt s ch
Trong phn mm ny tuy mt s linh kin c mt nhng vn khng hot ng c (mnh gp phi bin tr, c ci dng c, c ci khng), c th dng loi tng ng.Con Pic16f877a khng c trong ny hy dng con thay th l Pic16f877.Mt im na l khi i nhng ng dy ging nhau, cc bn ch cn v cho ng dy u, cn li ch vic nhp p vo chn linh kin u lp li qu trnh v cho nhanh. Trn y l nhng bc c bn v vi ch nh gip s dng phn mm m phng mch in t Proteus.Ci chnh l vic t vt v tm ti ca cc bn.Hy vng cc bn s khng cn cm thy qu b ng khi s dng phn mm ny.