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MC LC

QUY TRNH THO - LP TUYN TRUYN DN VIBA ............................................ 0

I.

Tng quan v mt nh trm BTS ............................................................................. 1

1.

Khi nim v BTS ................................................................................................ 1

2.

Cc thit b trong nh trm BTS ........................................................................ 1

3.

2.1.

Indoor ............................................................................................................. 1

2.2.

Outdoor .......................................................................................................... 6

Cc thit b ca mt h thng truyn dn viba ................................................. 7

3.1.

Indoor ............................................................................................................. 7

3.2.

Outdoor .......................................................................................................... 8

II. S lc v h thng viba s ..................................................................................... 10

1.

Khi nim ............................................................................................................ 10

2.

c im.............................................................................................................. 10

3.

Phn loi.............................................................................................................. 10

4.

Mt s u nhc im ca h thng vi ba s .................................................. 11

III.

4.1.

u im ......................................................................................................... 11

4.2.

Nhc im ................................................................................................... 11

Quy trnh tho lp tuyn viba ........................................................................... 12

1.

Quy trnh tho g ............................................................................................... 13

2.

Quy trnh lp t ................................................................................................ 15

2.1.

Indoor ........................................................................................................... 16

2.2.

Outdoor ........................................................................................................ 21

3.

Thng tuyn ........................................................................................................ 21

4.

Hn ch................................................................................................................ 21

5.

Commissioning v nghim thu .......................................................................... 21

5.1.

Commissioning ............................................................................................ 21

5.2.

Nghim thu ................................................................................................... 25

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QUY TRNH THO - LP TUYN TRUYN DN VIBA

I.

Tng quan v mt nh trm BTS

1. Khi nim v BTS
BTS (Base Transceiver Station) Trm thu pht gc, hay gi tt l trm gc
(BTS) bao gm mt h thng thit b truyn v nhn tn hiu v tuyn, ng ten
v cc thit b m ha, gii m thng tin trao i vi thit b iu khin trm
gc (BSC). Thng thng, mt BTS c s s c vi b truyn v nhn (TRX)
c th phc v cc tn s khc nhau cng nh vi sector khc nhau trong
cng mt cell. Mt BTS c iu khin bi mt BSC thng qua khi chc
nng iu khin trm gc (BCF - Base station Control Function). BCF c
cung cp nh mt phn t c lp hoc c tch hp vi TRX trong trm gc.
BCF thc hin nhim v Hot ng v Bo tr (O&M) cc kt ni ti Network
Management System (NMS), v thc hin cc cng vic qun l trng thi ca
mi TRX, tc l n s iu khin phn mm cng nh qun l cc thng bo
2. Cc thit b trong nh trm BTS
2.1.
-

Indoor

T BTS ( ph thuc vo nh cung cp; cng ngh s dng ): gm BTS 900

v BTS 1800, 3G.

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T Rectifier: chuyn AC-DC ( vi cc gi tr mong mun).

H thng Batteries: Cung cp in cho t BTS hot ng khi cp in li

AC.H thng ny hot ng trong thi gian ngn.

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H thng my lnh: m bo nhit hot ng ca cc thit b in t

(thng l 230 c).

H thng bo v chng st v ni t(bng ng trong phng): tt c cc

dy chng st v ni mass u u vo bng.

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H thng n tng v n khn cp ( hot ng khi cp in-> gip k s

thao tc).

H thng bo chy v h thng bnh cha chy.

H thng t phn phi in.

H thng feeder : truyn sng t t BTS ln antenna v ngc li.

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H thng DDF : thng gi l rack DDF dng lp cc thit b tryn dn

(phm krone,main IDU,...).

My pht in: khi in li AC mt v h thng cquy d phng ht th

ngi qun l trm s cho my pht in hot ng cho n khi c in AC
tr li.

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T ngun AC: cung cp ngun AC cho cc my lnh,in thp sng,v

cung cp cho t AC chuyn thnh ngun DC cung cp cho cc thit b vin
thng c trong nh trm.

2.2.
-

Outdoor

Thp antenna : dng t antenna, trng Viba

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H thng antenna (trng viba hay anten 2G,3G) : bc x trng in t

(kch thc; loi...ph thuc vo nh cung cp; cng ngh ang s dng),
dng thu pht tn hiu .

ng dn sng (Feeder), dy RF.

Bng ng outdoor: cc thit b chng st ngoi trm u ni vo y.

3. Cc thit b ca mt h thng truyn dn viba

3.1.
-

Indoor

Main (IDU) : x l tn hiu t radio a xung.

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Hp phn phi ngun DC : Ly ngun DC t t ngun chnh trong phng

my, y l h thng CB phn phi ngun cho cc thit b lp t trn Rack
19.

Dy mass vng xanh: Ring h thng Viba, c 3 loi dy tip t, 1 dy ni

t Rack 19 n bng ng Indoor, 1 dy ni t thit b Viba (main) n
bng ng trn Rack 19, 1 dy ni t u ct lc st ca Connector n
bng ng Rack 19

Dy lung traffic: dy dn lung tn hiu t Main n n phm u dy

Phm u dy: dng kt ni cc dy lung tn hiu v y l bng u

ni tn hiu t BTS n Viba hoc dng chuyn tip cc tn hiu Viba t
Tuyn ny sang Tuyn khc (trung chuyn)

Rack 19 : gn cc thit b truyn dn.

3.2.
-

Outdoor

B Radio (ODU): Khuch i tn s,gm loi 7G (dng cho khong cch

>10km) v loi 15G (dng cho khong cch <10km).

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Trng (3 tc, 6 tc v 1.2m, 1,8m, 3m) : thu pht tn hiu

Kp cable: gi cp khng b tut.

Dy RF : dn tn hiu t ODU (Outdoor Unit) xung IDU (Indoor Unit).

Khi Radio : khuch i tn s cao tn.

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II.

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S lc v h thng viba s
1. Khi nim
H thng vi ba s l mt h thng thng tin v tuyn c s dng trong
cc ng truyn dn s gia cc phn t khc nhau ca mng v tuyn. Hay
viba l mt dng truyn dn cc lung tn hiu cho cc trm BTS vi nhau.
N bao gm hai anten truyn tn hiu cho nhau dng tn hiu viba, c hai u
thu v pht l mt cp tn s (TX cao-> RX cao v ngc li).
2. c im
H thng thng tin viba s c th c s dng lm :
+ Cc ng trung k s ni gia cc tng i s.
+ Cc ng truyn dn ni tng i chnh n cc tng i v tinh.
+ Cc ng truyn dn ni cc thu bao vi cc tng i chnh hoc tng i
v tinh.
+ Cc b tp trung thu bao v tuyn.
+ Cc ng truyn dn trong cc h thng thng tin di ng kt ni cc
my di ng vi mng vin thng.
Cc h thng truyn dn viba s l cc phn t quan trng ca mng vin
thng,tm quan trng ny ngy cng c khng nh khi cc cng ngh thng
tin v tuyn mi nh thng tin di ng c a vo s dng trong mng vin
thng.
3. Phn loi
Ph thuc vo tc bt ca tn hiu PCM cn truyn,cc thit b v tuyn
phi c thit k,cu to ph hp c kh nng truyn dn cc tn hiu
.C th phn loi nh sau :
+ Viba s bng hp(tc thp) : c dung truyn cc tn hiu c tc
2Mbit/s,4Mbit/s v 8Mbit/s,tng ng vi dung lng lnh thoi l 30 knh,60
knh v 120 knh.Tn s sng v tuyn(0.4-1.5)GHZ.

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+ Viba s bng trung bnh (tc trung bnh): c dng truyn cc tn

hiu c tc t (8-34)Mbit/s, tng ng vi dung lng lnh thoi l 120
knh,480 knh. Tn s sng v tuyn(2-6)GHZ.
+ Viba s bng rng (tc cao): c dng truyn cc tn hiu c tc t
(34-140)Mbit/s, tng ng vi dung lng lnh thoi l 480 knh,1920 knh.
Tn s sng v tuyn 4, 6, 8, 12 GHZ.
4. Mt s u nhc im ca h thng vi ba s
4.1.
-

u im

Tnh linh hot : c th trin khai h thng truyn dn s rt nhanh v khi

khng cn thit c th tho g v nhanh chng chuyn sang lp t v tr
khc ca mng vin thng.u im ny cho php cc nh khai thc pht
trin mng vin thng nhanh chng cc vng c s h tng vin thng
cha c pht trin vi vn u t thp nht.

Tnh di ng : ch c truyn dn v tuyn mi c th p ng c thng

tin mi ni mi thi im ca khch hng vin thng.

4.2.

Nhc im

Chu nh hng rt ln vo mi trng truyn dn : kh hu,thi tit.

Chu nh hng rt ln vo a hnh : mt t,i ni,nh ca cy ci,.

Suy hao trong mi trng ln.

Chu nh hng ca cc ngun nhiu trong thin nhin : phng in trong

kh quyn,pht x ca cc hnh tinh khc (khi thng tin v tinh)..

Chu nh hng nhiu cng nghip t cc ng c nh la bng tia la

in.

Chu nh hng nhiu t cc thit b v tuyn khc .

D b nghe trm v s dng tri php ng truyn thng tin.

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III.

VTT: CNG TY TNHH HNG KIM

Quy trnh tho lp tuyn viba

-

Hin nay trong h thng truyn dn viba c s dng ba loi thit b

truyn dn cc tn hiu l Pasolink V4 (dng 16 lung E1),Minilink(dng
16 lung E1) v Pasolink Nec Neo (dng 32 lung E1). y qu trnh
tho lp c thc hin gia hai bu in vi nhau nn dung lng rt ln,
v vy ta s dng Pasolink Nec Neo.

Pasolink NEO l mt thit b c chc nng iu ch v gii iu ch cc tn

hiu bng gc t cc lung truyn dn n, u vo l cc lung truyn dn,
u ra l tn hiu c iu ch v truyn ln ODU thng qua cp
RF.Giao din ca Pasolink c th l cc giao din v PDH (5/10/20E1 dng
iu ch QPSK ; 48 E1 dng iu ch 32 QAM), SDH (STM-1 ,iu ch
128QAM) v dng giao din Enthernet (10M/20M/40Mbps ,iu ch
QPSK).

Mt thit b Pasolink NEO v c bn c cc Port chnh nh sau:

+ Ngun cung cp cho thit b l ngun DC t +/ -20v n +/-60v,b ngun
ta c th ly chung b ngun ca 2G,3G hoc ca cc thit b Mini-Link c
trong phng BTS nhng phi ng theo yu cu ca thit b ra.

+ Cc cng lung: Cc cng lung vo NEO c th l lung ca PDH hoc

l SDH hay lung Enthernet hoc l lung quang.

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+ B iu khin Module

Protect: loi b CTRL th ta chn ON (Up). Ngoi ra cn sao lu

hay chnh sa cu hnh th ta chn ch Linhk Down.
SC In/Out :cc cng giao tip ra/vo c th s dng cu hnh
RS232C 9600bps*2 hoc s dng cng SC LAN 64 hoc 128/256
kbps.
Maint: n Maint s nhp nhy khi chng ta iu chnh v ti
chng trnh v v Th CTRL Khi ng li, th CTRL thay th.
Memory: Cng nh Maint, n Memory cng c chc nng tng
t.

1. Quy trnh tho g

-

Khi n trm phi gi cho ng cu thng tin xc nhn n trm

nhm mc ch h tr khn cp khi c s c v thng tin trong trm

Trc tin l kim tra tn trm ti ca trm v tn trm trong s theo di

thng tin ca trm bit n ng trm.

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Xc nh tn tuyn cn tho g, xc nh thit b cn tho g.

Nu thit b cha tt ngun->phi gi ng cu thng tin, sau khi c s

ng th tt ngun trong vng 10 pht phng tt nhm tuyn.

Tt CB ca tuyn cn tho.

Tho dy ngun (thng l dy mu ).

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Tho dy tip t ni Rack ca thit b.

Tho dy lung.

Ct u connector ra khi dy RF, gn connector li IDU trnh tht lc.

Tho IDU.

Ln dy RF ra khi phng my v ln ti Trng.

Tho Trng v tho dy RF.

Lp bin bn tho d, ghi r s m dy RF thu c, s seri number ca cc

thit b (IDU v ODU) tho d, xc nh TX Low,TX High ca thit b tho
d, khi em i lp mi cho chnh xc

V sinh dn dp phng my.

Kt thc qu trnh thu hi tuyn.

2. Quy trnh lp t
-

Tm hiu chi tit v thit k tuyn sp lp t, xc nh v tr trm no l t

u TX Low, trm no t u TX High.

Trc khi ti trm phi gi ng cu thng tin xc nhn vo trm.

Ta c bng thit k tuyn c th nh sau:

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2.1.

VTT: CNG TY TNHH HNG KIM

Indoor
-

Xc inh c th v tr ca Rack truyn dn thuc mng mnh lp.

Gn Main (IDU) ln Rack 19, sau khi vt cht cc vt vo Rack th ta bt

u gn cc dy lung vo NEO v i dy lung pha sau Rack 19, vic
i dy ny phi ng quy tc:
+ i dy khng c i cho vi cc dy m cc thit b trc i.Tuyt
i khng c i cho cc dy ngun ,dy ni t v dy lung khc nu
i cho cc dy khc c th dn n suy hao tn hiu cng nh chp din
chy cc thit b.

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+ i dy phi hp m quan cho ngi nhn v v phng my rt nh nn

phi gn gng.
-

Tip n gn cc phm Krone ln gi, vic gn cc phm Krone ln gi phi

ht sc cn thn v nu lm t dy lung s lm trm khng th hot
ng c nh hng n kinh t v an ninh quc phng.

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Cch u phm Krone

+ mi lung c 2 cp dy:01 pht v 01 thu

+ Krone c 10 v tr bm dy 5 lung v ta ch s dng 8 cp u cn cc v tr
khc d phng.
+ Dy lung bm vo mt trn ca Krone .Dy lung vo trm cn dy loop
lung u mt bn di.
+ Mi Krone bm 04 lung t tri sang phi,mi lung c 02 cp thu pht lin
tip nhau cp pht bn tri cp thu bn phi.
+ Mu dy:

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Lm u Conector: Vic lm u Connector phi m bo im tip xc

tt , khng b h trnh suy hao v khng b sng ng.

u dy mass: Vic u mass l gim nhiu v lc st.

u ngun DC: Cc dng u vo bng ng trn Rack,cc m u vo

CB.
Loop lung, chnh thng s: Bm dy ni gia cp thu v pht ca lung

cn loop vo mt di ca phm krone.

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Phi lm marker cho cc dy ca h thng.

Mt phn indoor hon thnh

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2.2.

Outdoor
- Trc ht phi m bo an ton cho ngi leo ct (phi c dy ai tht
an ton,i giy,i nn bo h,.).
- Ko trng ln ng cao,hng nh thit k v v tr hai trng hai site
phi nhn thy nhau i vi khong cch gn.
- Vic ko trng v i dy RF phi cn thn trnh lm nh hng ti cc
tuyn khc c trn ct anten.Ch ti lp b g v u connector phi
c lm kn khng h trnh hin tng sng ng.
3. Thng tuyn
- c mt tuyn viba lp t hon thin v ra ht lung ti phin u dy
trn DDF.
- c trm truyn dn n trm u gn.
- My tnh c ci t hai phn mm Pasolink Network Manager Terminal
(PNMT) v Netconfig Tool (Netconfig Tool).
- Hai u mi trm tin hnh ng nhp vo thit b Pasolink Nec Neo,v
c ngi leo ln ct antenna iu chnh trng.Lc ny ngi trn ct s
iu chnh trng sao cho mc thu t c nh trong thit k tuyn th xem
nh tuyn thng.
- Qu trnh thng tuyn hon tt th tin hnh commissioning v lm h s.

4. Hn ch
Xy ra hin tng fading : khc phc bng cch nng cao trng ln hay h
thp xung khc nh trong thit k.
- Vng vo tn s ca cc tuyn ln cn dn n tnh trng nhiu ng
knh, hay cht trm lm ngi s dng khng lin lc c: ch ng thay
i tn s knh tn s cao nht hay knh c tn s thp nht, thng
thng khi b trng tn s ca cc tuyn c sn hoc c tn s ln cn vi
cc tn s c sn th s ci tn s cho tuyn viba lp mi knh s 5,
- Khi iu chnh mc thu khng t nh theo thit k th i phn cc (v d
i phn cc V thnh phn cc H).
5. Commissioning v nghim thu
5.1. Commissioning
- Sau khi thng tuyn th tin hnh chp li hnh lm h s, mu chi tit
v vic Commissioning mt tuyn viba VUXM03-VUXM11 c th nh
sau:
-

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+ Tng quan v h thng

+ Thng s v khi ODU

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+ Modem(IDU)

+ Khi iu khin (control)

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+ Inventory

+ Link

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5.2.

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Nghim thu
- Tin hnh lm h s giao cho bn gim st, h s kim tra thng qua
mu commissioning v h s, sau k duyt v kt thc hp ng gia
nh mng v i tc.
- C th ta lm h s tho tuyn VUTT16- VUTT39 v lp tuyn VUXM03VUXM11 nh sau:
+ Bin bn tho tuyn VUTT16

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+ Bin bn tho tuyn VUTT39

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+ Bin bn lp tuyn VUXM03

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+ Bin bn lp tuyn VUXM11

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Thu dn v v sinh nh trm.

Qu trnh thu hi v tho lp hon tt.

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Ti liu tham kho

1. Ti liu v Viba,3G ca Cng ty cung cp.
2. Internet.

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