110 Bai Tap Ve Phep To Do Trong Mat Phang Tsy

TUYN TP CC BI TP HNH HC PHNG HAY NHT
( Ti liu n thi i hc )
Bi 1. Trong mt phng Oxy cho cc im
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) A 1;0 , B 2; 4 , C 1; 4 , D 3;5
v ng
thng
d : 3x y 5 0
. Tm im M trn d sao cho hai tam gic MAB, MCD c din tch
bng nhau.
Gii
- M thuc d thi M(a;3a-5 )
- Mt khc : ( ) ( )
1
3; 4 5, : 4 3 4 0
3 4
x y
AB AB AB x y
uuur
( ) ( )
1 4
4;1 17; : 4 17 0
4 1
x y
CD CD CD x y
+

uuur
- Tnh : ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
4 3 3 5 4 4 3 5 17 13 19 3 11
, ,
5 5 17 17
a a a a a a
h M AB h
+

- Nu din tich 2 tam gic bng nhau th :
1 2
11
13 19 3 11 5. 13 19 17. 3 11
1 1
. .
12
13 19 11 3 2 2 5 17
8
a a a a a
AB h CD h
a a
a
- Vy trn d c 2 im : ( )
1 2
11 27
; , 8;19
12 12
M M
_

,
Bi 2. Cho hnh tam gic ABC c din tch bng 2. Bit A(1;0), B(0;2) v trung im I
ca AC nm trn ng thng y = x. Tm to nh C
Gii
- Nu C nm trn d : y=x th A(a;a) do suy ra C(2a-1;2a).
- Ta c : ( )
0 2
, 2
2
d B d

.
- Theo gi thit :
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 1 4
. , 2 2 2 2 0
2 2
S AC d B d AC a a +
2 2
1 3
2
8 8 8 4 2 2 1 0
1 3
2
a
a a a a
a
- Vy ta c 2 im C :
1 2
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
; , ;
2 2 2 2
C C
_ _
+ +

, ,
Bi 3. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC, vi
) 5 ; 2 ( , ) 1 ; 1 ( B A
, nh C nm trn ng thng 0 4 x , v trng tm G
ca tam gic nm trn ng thng
0 6 3 2 + y x
. Tnh din tch tam
gic ABC.
Gii
- Ta C c dng : C(4;a) , ( )
( )
5
3; 4
1 1
: 4 3 7 0
3 4
AB
AB
x y
AB x y
+

uuur
Chuyn : HNH HC PHNG Nguyn nh S -T: 0985.270.218
- Theo tnh cht trng tm ;
1 2 4
1
3 3
1 5 6
3 3 3
A B C
G G
A B C
G G
x x x
x x
y y y a a
y y
+ + +

' '
+ + + + +

- Do G nm trn : 2x-3y+6=0 , cho nn :
6
2.1 3 6 0 2
3
a
a
+
_
+

,
.
- Vy M(4;2) v ( ) ( )
4.4 3.2 7
1 1 15
, 3 . , 5.3
2 2 2 16 9
ABC
d C AB S AB d C AB
+

+
(vdt)
) 2 ; 1 ( , ) 1 ; 2 ( B A
, trng tm G ca tam gic nm trn ng thng
0 2 + y x
. Tm ta nh C bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 13,5
.
Gii.
- Ta c : M l trung im ca AB th
M
3 1
;
2 2
_

,
. Gi C(a;b) , theo tnh cht
trng tam tam gic :
3
3
3
3
G
G
a
x
b
y
+
'
- Do G nm trn d :
( )
3 3
2 0 6 1
3 3
a b
a b
+
+ +
- Ta c : ( ) ( ) ( )
3 5
2 1
1;3 : 3 5 0 ,
1 3 10
a b
x y
AB AB x y h C AB

uuur
- T gi thit : ( )
2 5 2 5
1 1
. , 10. 13, 5
2 2 2 10
ABC
a b a b
S AB h C AB

2 5 27 2 32
2 5 27
2 5 27 2 22
a b a b
a b
a b a b

- Kt hp vi (1) ta c 2 h :
( )
1 2
20
6 6
3
2 32 3 38 38
38 20
; , 6;12
3
3 3 6 6
12
2 22 3 18
6
b
a b a b
a b a
a
C C
a b a b
b
a b a
a
+ +

' ' '

_

+ + ,

' '

'
Bi 5. Trong mt phng oxy cho ABC c A(2;1) . ng cao qua nh B c phng

trnh x- 3y - 7 = 0 .ng trung tuyn qua nh C c phng trnh : x + y +1 = 0 . Xc
nh ta B v C . Tnh din tch ABC .
Gii
Bin son t-6-2012( Ti liu ni b-lu )
Trang 2
A(2;1)
B(1;-2)
C
M()
G d:x+y-2=0
A(2;1)
B
C
x+y+1=0
x-3y-7=0
M
- ng thng (AC) qua A(2;1) v vung gc vi ng cao k qua B , nn c vc t ch
phng ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1; 3 :
1 3
x t
n AC t R
y t
+

'

r
- Ta C l giao ca (AC) vi ng trung tuyn k qua C :
2
1 3
1 0
x t
y t
x y
+

'
+ +
Gii ta c : t=2 v C(4;-5). V B nm trn ng cao k qua B suy ra B(3a+7;a) . M l

trung im ca AB
3 9 1
;
2 2
a a
M
+ +
_

,
.
- Mt khc M nm trn ng trung tuyn k qua C :
( )
3 9 1
1 0 3 1; 2
2 2
a a
a B
+ +
+ +
- Ta c : ( ) ( ) ( )
12
2 1
1; 3 10, : 3 5 0, ;
1 3 10
x y
AB AB AB x y h C AB

uuur
- Vy :
( )
1 1 12
. , 10. 6
2 2 10
ABC
S AB h C AB
(vdt).
Bi 6. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC bit A(5; 2). Phng
trnh ng trung trc cnh BC, ng trung tuyn CC ln lt l x + y 6 = 0 v 2x y +
3 = 0. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC
Gii
- Gi B(a;b) suy ra M
5 2
;
2 2
a b + +
_

,
. M nm trn
trung tuyn nn : 2a-b+14=0 (1).
- B,B i xng nhau qua ng trung trc cho
nn : ( ) ( ) :
x a t
BC t R
y b t
+
'
+
.
T suy ra ta N :
6
2
3 6
2
6 0
6
2
a b
t
x a t
a b
y b t x
x y
b a
y

+

+
' '

+
3 6 6
;
2 2
a b b a
N
+
_

,
. Cho nn ta c ta C(2a-b-6;6-a )
- Do C nm trn ng trung tuyn : 5a-2b-9=0 (2)
- T (1) v (2) : ( ) ( )
2 14 0 37
37;88 , 20; 31
5 2 9 0 88
a b a
B C
a b b
+

' '

Bi 7. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hai ng thng:
3 8 0 x y + +
,
' :3 4 10 0 x y +
v im A(-2 ; 1). Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc ng
thng , i qua im A v tip xc vi ng thng .
Gii
- Gi tm ng trn l I , do I thuc ( )
2 3
: 2 3 ; 2
2
x t
I t t
y t
+
+
'


Trang 3
A(5;2)
B C
x+y-6=0
2x-y+3=0
M
N
- A thuc ng trn
( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 IA t t R + + (1)
- ng trn tip xc vi
( ) ( ) 3 2 3 4 2 10 13 12
'
5 5
t t t
R R
+ + +
. (2)
- T (1) v (2) : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
13 12
3 3 25 3 3 13 12
5
t
t t t t t
+
1
+ + + + +
]
Bi 8. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn hai ng trn
2 2
( ) : 2 2 1 0, C x y x y + +
2 2
( ') : 4 5 0 C x y x + + cng i qua M(1; 0). Vit
phng trnh ng thng qua M ct hai ng trn
( ), ( ') C C
ln lt ti A, B sao cho
MA= 2MB
Gii
* Cch 1.
- Gi d l ng thng qua M c vc t ch phng ( )
1
; :
x at
u a b d
y bt
+

'
r
- ng trn ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 2 2
: 1;1 , 1. : 2; 0 , 3 C I R C I R
, suy ra :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
1 2
: 1 1 1, : 2 9 C x y C x y + + +
- Nu d ct ( )
1
C
ti A : ( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
0
2 2
2 0 1 ;
2
t M
ab b
a b t bt A
b
a b a b t
a b

+ +

+ +
,
+

- Nu d ct ( )
2
C
ti B : ( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
0
6 6
6 0 1 ;
6
t M
a ab
a b t at B
a
a b a b t
a b

+ +

+ +
,
+
- Theo gi thit : MA=2MB ( )
2 2
4 * MA MB
- Ta c :
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 6 6
4
ab b a ab
a b a b a b a b
1
_ _
_ _
+ + 1

+ + + +
, , 1 , ,
]
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
6 : 6 6 0
4 36
4. 36
6 : 6 6 0
b a d x y
b a
b a
b a d x y a b a b
+

+ +

* Cch 2.
- S dng php v t tm I t s v t k=
1
2
. ( Hc sinh t lm )
Bi 9. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, hy vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic
ABC bit trc tm
(1; 0) H
, chn ng cao h t nh B l
(0; 2) K
, trung im cnh AB l
(3; 1) M
.
Gii
- Theo tnh cht ng cao : HK vung gc vi AC
cho nn (AC) qua K(0;2) c vc t php tuyn
( ) ( ) ( ) 1; 2 : 2 2 0 2 4 0 KH AC x y x y +
uuur
.
- B nm trn (BH) qua H(1;0) v c vc t ch
phng ( ) ( ) 1; 2 1 ; 2 KH B t t +
uuur
.
- M(3;1) l trung im ca AB cho nn A(5-t;2+2t).
- Mt khc A thuc (AC) cho nn : 5-t-2(2+2t)+4=0 ,
suy ra t=1 . Do A(4;4),B(2;-2)
- V C thuc (AC) suy ra C(2t;2+t) ,
Trang 4
H(1;0)
K(0;2
)
M(3;1)
A
B
C
( ) ( ) 2 2; 4 , 3; 4 BC t t HA +
uuur uuur
. Theo tnh cht ng cao k t A :
( ) ( ) . 0 3 2 2 4 4 0 1 HABC t t t + +
uuur uuur
. Vy : C(-2;1).
- (AB) qua A(4;4) c vc t ch phng ( ) ( ) ( )
4 4
2; 6 // 1;3 :
1 3
x y
BA u AB

uuur r
3 8 0 x y
- (BC) qua B(2;-2) c vc t php tuyn ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3; 4 : 3 2 4 2 0 HA BC x y + +
uuur
3 4 2 0 x y + +
.
Bi 10. Trong h ta Oxy, cho hai ng trn c phng trnh
( )
2 2
1
: 4 5 0 C x y y + v ( )
2 2
2
: 6 8 16 0. C x y x y + + + Lp phng trnh tip tuyn
chung ca ( )
1
C
v ( )
2
. C
Gii
- Ta c :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
1 1 1 2 2 2
: 2 9 0; 2 , 3, : 3 4 9 3; 4 , 3 C x y I R C x y I R + + +
- Nhn xt : ( )
1 2 1
9 4 13 3 3 6 I I C + < +
khng ct ( )
2
C
- Gi d : ax+by+c =0 (
2 2
0 a b + ) l tip tuyn chung , th th : ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
, , , d I d R d I d R
( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2
3 1
3 4 2 2 3 4
2 3 4
3 4 2 3 4
3 2
b c
a b c b c b c a b c
a b
b c a b c
a b c b c a b c
a b a b
a b
+
+ + + + +
+ +
'

+ +
+ +
2
3 2 2 0
a b
a b c

. Mt khc t (1) : ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 9 b c a b + +
- Trng hp : a=2b thay vo (1) :
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 3 5
4
2 9 4 41 4 0. ' 4 41 45
2 3 5
4
b
b c
b
b c b b b bc c c c c
c
b
+ + +
- Do ta c hai ng thng cn tm :
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 1
2 3 5 2 3 5
: 1 0 2 2 3 5 2 3 5 4 0
2 4
d x y x y

+ + + +

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 1
2 3 5 2 3 5
: 1 0 2 2 3 5 2 3 5 4 0
2 4
d x y x y
+ +
+ + + + + +
- Trng hp :
2 3
2
b a
c

, thay vo (1) : 2 2
2 2
2 3
2
2
3 2
b a
b
b a a b
a b
+
+
+
( )
2
2 2 2
0, 2 0
2
2 3 4 0
4
4 , 6
3
3 6
a
b a c b c
b a a b b ab
a
a a b a c
b c
- Vy c 2 ng thng :
3
: 2 1 0 d x
,
4
: 6 8 1 0 d x y +
Trang 5
Bi 11. Trong h ta Oxy, hy vit phng trnh hyperbol (H) dng chnh tc bit rng
(H) tip xc vi ng thng
: 2 0 d x y
ti im A c honh bng 4.
Gii
- Do A thuc d : A(4;2)
- Gi s (H) : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
16 4
1 * 1 1
x y
A H
a b a b

- Mt khc do d tip xc vi (H) th h sau c 12 nghim bng nhau :
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 0
2
2
2 2
b a x a x a a b b x a y a b b x a x a b
y x
y x y x

+

' ' '

( ) ( ) ( )
4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
' 4 4 4 4 0 4
a
a b a a a b a b a b a b a b b a a b + + + + +
- Kt hp vi (1) : ( )
2 2 2 2 4 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
16 4 8 16 0 4
: 1
8 4
4 4 8
b a a b b b b
x y
H
a b a b a
+

' ' '
+ +

Bi 12. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c phng trnh ng
thng AB: x 2y + 1 = 0, phng trnh ng thng BD: x 7y + 14 = 0, ng thng AC
i qua M(2; 1). Tm to cc nh ca hnh ch nht
Gii
- D nhn thy B l giao ca BD vi
AB cho nn ta d B l nghim ca
h :
2 1 0
21 13
;
7 14 0 5 5
x y
B
x y
+
_
'

+
,
- ng thng (BC) qua B(7;3) v

vung gc vi (AB) cho nn c vc
t ch phng:
( ) ( )
21
5
1; 2 :
13
2
5
x t
u BC
y t

'
r
- Ta c : ( ) ( ) , 2 2 2 , AC BD BIC ABD AB BD R R R R

- (AB) c ( )
1
1; 2 n
ur
, (BD) c
( )
1 2
2
1 2
n . 1 14 15 3
1; 7 os =
5 50 5 10 10
n
n c
n n
+

uur uur
uur
ur uur
- Gi (AC) c ( ) ( )
2
2 2
a-7b
9 4
, os AC,BD os2 = 2cos 1 2 1
10 5
50
n a b c c
a b

_

,
+
r
- Do : ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
5 7 4 50 7 32 31 14 17 0 a b a b a b a b a ab b + + +
- Suy ra :
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
17 17
: 2 1 0 17 31 3 0
31 31
: 2 1 0 3 0
a b AC x y x y
a b AC x y x y
+ +
- (AC) ct (BC) ti C
21
5
13 7 14 5
2 ;
5 15 3 3
3 0
x t
y t t C
x y
_

'

,

Trang 6
A
B
C
D M(2;1)
x-7y+14=0
x-2y+1=0
I
- (AC) ct (AB) ti A : ( )
2 1 0 7
7; 4
3 0 4
x y x
A
x y y
+

' '

- (AD) vung gc vi (AB) ng thi qua A(7;4) suy ra (AD) :
7
4 2
x t
y t
+
'

- (AD) ct (BD) ti D :
7
7 98 46
4 2 ;
15 15 15
7 14 0
x t
y t t D
x y
+
_

'

,
- Trng hp (AC) : 17x-31y-3=0 cc em lm tng t .

Bi 13. Trong mt phng to Oxy cho tam gic ABC, c im A(2; 3), trng tm G(2;
0). Hai nh B v C ln lt nm trn hai ng thng d
1
: x + y + 5 = 0 v d
2
: x + 2y 7 =
0. Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm C v tip xc vi ng thng BG
Gii
- B thuc d suy ra B :
5
x t
y t

'

, C thuc d'
cho nn C:
7 2 x m
y m

'
.
- Theo tnh cht trng tm :
( ) 2 9
2
2, 0
3 3
G G
t m
m t
x y
+

- Ta c h :
2 1
2 3 1
m t m
t m t

' '

- Vy : B(-1;-4) v C(5;1) . ng thng (BG) qua G(2;0) c vc t ch phng ( ) 3; 4 u
r
,
cho nn (BG): ( )
20 15 8
2 13
4 3 8 0 ;
3 4 5 5
x y
x y d C BG R

- Vy ng trn c tm C(5;1) v c bn knh R= ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 13 169
: 5 1
5 25
C x y +
Bi 14. Tam gic cn ABC c y BC nm trn ng thng : 2x 5y + 1 = 0, cnh bn
AB nm trn ng thng : 12x y 23 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng AC bit rng
n i qua im (3;1)
Gii
- ng (AB) ct (BC) ti B
2 5 1 0
12 23 0
x y
x y
+
'

Suy ra : B(2;-1). . (AB) c h s gc k=12, ng

thng (BC) c h s gc k'=
2
5
, do ta c :
2
12
5
tan 2
2
1 12.
5
B

+
. Gi (AC) c h s gc l m th
ta c :
2
2 5
5
tan
2
5 2
1
5
m
m
C
m
m

+
+
. V tam gic ABC cn ti A cho nn tanB=tanC, hay ta c :
Trang 7
A(2;3)
B
C
x+y+5=0
x+2y-7=0
G(2;0)
M
A
B C
2x-5y+1=0
M(3;1)
H
12x-y-23=0
8
2 5 4 10
2 5
2 2 5 2 2 5
9
2 5 4 10 5 2
12
m m m m
m m
m m m
m

- Trng hp : ( ) ( )
9 9
: 3 1 9 8 35 0
8 8
m AC y x x y + +
- Trng hp : m=12 suy ra (AC): y=12(x-3)+1 hay (AC): 12x-y-25=0 ( loi v n //AB ).
- Vy (AC) : 9x+8y-35=0 .
Bi 15. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca hai ng trn :
(C
1
) : (x - 5)
2
+ (y + 12)
2
= 225 v (C
2
) : (x 1)
2
+ ( y 2)
2
= 25
Gii : .
- Ta c (C) vi tm I(5;-12) ,R=15. (C') c J(1;2) v R'=5. Gi d l tip tuyn chung c
phng trnh : ax+by+c=0 (
2 2
0 a b + ).
- Khi ta c : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
5 12 2
, 15 1 , , 5 2
a b c a b c
h I d h J d
a b a b
+ + +

+ +
- T (1) v (2) suy ra :
5 12 3 6 3
5 12 3 2
5 12 3 6 3
a b c a b c
a b c a b c
a b c a b c
+ + +
+ + +

+
9
3
2
2
a b c
a b c

. Thay vo (1) :
2 2
2 5 a b c a b + + + ta c hai trng hp :
- Trng hp : c=a-9b thay vo (1) : ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
2 7 25 21 28 24 0 a b a b a ab b + +
Suy ra :
14 10 7 14 10 7 175 10 7
: 0
21 21 21
14 10 7 14 10 7 175 10 7
: 0
21 21 21
a d x y
a d x y
_
+
+

,
_
+ +
+

,
- Trng hp : ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
3
2 1 : 7 2 100 96 28 51 0
2
c a b b a a b a ab b + + + +
. V
nghim . ( Ph hp v : 16 196 212 ' 5 15 20 400 IJ R R + < + + . Hai ng trn
ct nhau ) .
Bi 16. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C) :
2 2
x y 2x 8y 8 0 + + .
Vit phng trnh ng thng song song vi ng thng d: 3x+y-2=0 v ct ng trn
theo mt dy cung c di bng 6.
Gii
- ng thng d' song song vi d : 3x+y+m=0
- IH l khong cch t I n d' :
3 4 1
5 5
m m
IH
+ + +

- Xt tam gic vung IHB :
2
2 2
25 9 16
4
AB
IH IB
_

,
Trang 8
I(-1;4)
A
B
H
( )
2
19 ' : 3 19 0 1
16 1 20
21 ' : 3 21 0 25
m d x y m
m
m d x y
+ + +
+

+
Bi 17. Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam

gic ABC bit B(2; -1), ng cao v ng
phn gic trong qua nh A, C ln lt l : (d
1
) :
3x 4y + 27 = 0 v (d
2
) : x + 2y 5=0
Gii
- ng thng (BC) qua B(2;-1) v vung gc
vi (AH) suy ra (BC):
2 3
1 4
x t
y t
+
'

, hay :
( )
2 1
4 3 7 0 4; 3
3 4
x y
x y n
+
+
r
- (BC) ct (CK) ti C : ( )
2 3
1 4 1 1;3
2 5 0
x t
y t t C
x y
+

'
- (AC) qua C(-1;3) c vc t php tuyn ( ) ; n a b

r
Suy ra (AC): a(x+1)+b(y-3)=0 (*). Gi
4 6 10 2
os =
5 16 9 5 5 5
KCB KCA c
+

+
R R
- Tng t : ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
a+2b a+2b
2
os = 2 4
5
5 5
c a b a b
a b a b
+ +
+ +
( )
( ) ( )
2
0 3 0 3 0
3 4 0
4 4
1 3 0 4 3 5 0
3 3
a b y y
a ab
b
a x y x y

+ + +
- (AC) ct (AH) ti A : ( )
1 2
3
3 0
5
3 4 27 0
31 582
31
5;3 , ;
25 25 4 3 5 0
25
3 4 27 0 582
25
y
y
x
x y
A A
x
x y
x y
y

'

'
+
_

+ ,
' '

- Lp (AB) qua B(2;-1) v 2 im A tm c trn . ( hc sinh t lp ).
Bi 18. Trong mt phng vi h ta cc vung gc Oxy , xt tam gic ABC vung
ti A, phng trnh ng thng BC l : 3 x y - 3 = 0, cc nh A v B thuc trc
honh v bn knh ng trn ni tiptam gic ABC bng 2 . Tm ta trng tm G ca
tam gic ABC .
Gii
- ng thng (BC) ct Ox ti B : Cho y=0 suy ra x=1 , B(1;0) . Gi A(a;0) thuc Ox l
nh ca gc vung ( a khc 1 ).. ng thng x=a ct (BC) ti C : ( )
( )
; 3 1 a a
.
- di cc cnh :
2 2 2
1 , 3 1 2 1 AB a AC a BC AB AC BC a +
- Chu vi tam gic : 2p=
( )
( )
3 3 1
1 3 1 2 1 3 3 1
2
a
a a a a p
+
+ + +
Trang 9
B(2;-1)
A
C
x+2y-5=0
3x-4y+27=0
H
K
- Ta c : S=pr suy ra p=
S
r
.(*) Nhng S=
( )
2 1 1 3
. 1 3 1 1
2 2 2
AB AC a a a . Cho nn
(*) tr thnh : ( )
( )
( )
2
3 2 3
1 3
3 3 1 1 1 1 2 3 1
2 4
1 2 3
a
a a a
a
+
+ +

- Trng tm G :
( )
( )
( )
1
2 3 2 3 1
2 1
7 4 3
3 7 4 3 2 3 6
3 3
;
3 3 3 1
3 2 2 3
2 3 6
3
3 3
G
G
G
G
a
x
x
G
a
y
y
+ +
+ +

_
+ +

' '

+ ,
+
( )
( )
( )
2
2 1 2 3 1
2 1
1 4 3
3 1 4 3 2 3 6
3 3
;
3 3 3 1
3 2 2 3
2 3 6
3
3 3
G
G
G
G
a
x
x
G
a
y
y
+
+ +

_
+ +

' '

,
+
Bi 19. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy. Cho ng trn (C) :

0 1 2 4
2 2
+ y x y x
v ng thng d :
0 1 + +y x
. Tm nhng im M thuc ng thng d sao cho t im
M k c n (C) hai tip tuyn hp vi nhau gc
0
90
Gii
- M thuc d suy ra M(t;-1-t). . Nu 2 tip tuyn vung gc
vi nhau th MAIB l hnh vung ( A,B l 2 tip im ).
Do AB=MI= IA 2 =R 2 = 6 2 2 3 .
- Ta c :
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2 2 8 2 3 MI t t t + + +
- Do :
( )
( )
1
2 2
2
2 2; 2 1
2 8 12 2
2 2; 2 1
t M
t t
t M
.
* Ch : Ta cn cch khc
- Gi d' l ng thng qua M c h s gc k suy ra d' c
phng trnh : y=k(x-t)-t-1, hay : kx-y-kt-t-1=0 (1) .
- Nu d' l tip tuyn ca (C) k t M th d(I;d')=R
2
2 2
6
1
k kt t
k

+
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 6 1 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 0 t k t k t t k t t k t t + + + + + 1
]
- T gi thit ta c iu kin : ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2
2
4 2 0
' 4 2 4 2 4 0
4 2
1
4 2
t t
t t t t t
t t
t t
+ >
'

- ( )
1 2 2 2
1 2
2
1 2
2 6
1
' 19 0 2 ; 2
1
2
t
k k
t t t k k M
k k
t
+ t

> t
' '


Trang 10
M
x+y+1=0
A
B
I(2;1)
Bi 20. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy. Cho elip (E) :
0 4 4
2 2
+ y x
.Tm
nhng im N trn elip (E) sao cho :
0
2 1
60
F N F ( F
1
, F
2
l hai tiu im ca elip (E) )
Gii
- (E) :
2
2 2 2 2
1 4, 1 3 3
4
x
y a b c c +
- Gi ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
0 0 1 0 2 0
1 2
4 4
3 3
; 2 ; 2
2 2
2 3
x y
N x y E MF x MF x
FF
+
+
'
. Xt tam gic
1 2
FMF
theo h thc
hm s cos : ( )
2
2 2 0
1 2 1 2 1 2
2 os60 FF MF MF MFMF c +
( )
2 2
2
0 0 0 0
3 3 3 3
2 3 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
x x x x
_ _ _ _
+ + +

, , , ,
0 0
2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0
0
0
4 2 1
3 3 9 32 1
3 3
12 8 4 8
1 2 4 4 9 9
4 2
3
3
x y
x x x x y
y
x

- Nh vy ta tm c 4 im :
1 2 3 4
4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1
; , ; , ; , ;
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
N N N N
_ _ _ _

, , , ,
Bi 21. Trong mt phng toa Oxy cho im A(1;1) v ng thng : 2x + 3y + 4 =0
Tim ta im B thuc ng thng sao cho ng thng AB v hp vi nhau gc
45
0
.
Gii
- Gi d l ng thng qua A(1;1) c vc t php tuyn ( ) ; n a b
r
th d c phng trnh
dng : a(x-1)+b(y-1)=0 (*). Ta c ( ) 2;3 n

uur
.
- Theo gi thit : ( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 2 2
2 2
2 3 1
os d, os45 2 2 3 13
2
13
a b
c c a b a b
a b
+
+ +
+
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
: 1 1 0 5 4 0
5 5 5 24 5 0
5 : 5 1 1 0 5 6 0
a b d x y x y
a ab b
a b d x y x y
+ +
+ +
- Vy B l giao ca d vi cho nn :
1 1 2 2
5 4 0 5 6 0
32 4 22 32
; , : ;
2 3 4 0 2 3 4 0 13 13 13 13
x y x y
B B B B
x y x y
+ +
_ _

' '

+ + + +
, ,

Bi 22. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy cho cho hai ng thng
0 5 2 :
1
+ y x d
. d
2
: 3x +6y 7 = 0. Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua im P( 2;
-1) sao cho ng thng ct hai ng thng d
1
v d
2
to ra mt tam gic cn c nh l
giao im ca hai ng thng d
1
, d
2
.
Gii
- Trc ht lp phng trnh 2 ng phn gic
to bi 2 ng thng ct nhau :
Trang 11
P(2;-1)
d:2x-y+5=0
d':3x+6y-7=0
3 6 7 2 5
9 3 8 0
3 5 5
3 6 7 2 5 3 9 22 0
3 5 5
x y x y
x y
x y x y x y
+ +

+ +

+ + +
- Lp ng thng
1
qua P(2;-1) v vung gc vi tip tuyn : 9x+3y+8=0 .

1
2 1
: 3 5 0
9 3
x y
x y
+

- Lp
2
qua P(2;-1) v vung gc vi : 3x-9y+22=0

2
2 1
: 3 5 0
3 9
x y
x y
+
+
Bi 23. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy cho Hypebol (H) c phng trnh:
1
9 16
2 2

y x
. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) c tiu im trng vi tiu im ca
(H) v ngoi tip hnh ch nht c s ca (H).
Gii
- (H) c ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 2
16, 9 25 5 5; 0 , 5; 0 a b c c F F
. V hnh ch nht c s ca (H)
c cc nh : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4; 3 , 4; 3 , 4; 3 , 4;3
.
- Gi s (E) c :
2 2
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ . Nu (E) c tiu im trng vi tiu im ca (H) th ta c
phng trnh : ( )
2 2 2
25 1 c a b
- (E) i qua cc im c honh
2
16 x v tung ( )
2
2 2
16 9
9 1 2 y
a b
+
- T (1) v (2) suy ra : ( )
2 2
2 2
40, 15 : 1
40 15
x y
a b E +
Bi 24. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh:
2 2
4 3 4 0 x y x + + Tia Oy ct (C) ti A. Lp phng trnh ng trn (C), bn knh R
= 2 v tip xc ngoi vi (C) ti A
Gii
- (C) c I( 2 3; 0 ), R= 4 . Gi J l tm ng trn cn tm :
J(a;b) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
' : 4 C x a y b +
-Do (C) v (') tip xc ngoi vi nhau cho nn khong cch
IJ =R+R'
( )
2
2 2 2
2 3 4 2 6 4 3 28 a b a a b + + + + +
- V A(0;2) l tip im cho nn : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 2 4 2 a b +
- Do ta c h :
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2 3 36
4 3 24
4 0
2 4
a b
a a b
a b b
a b
+ +
+ +

' '
+
- Gii h tm c : b=3 v a= ( )
( )
( )
2
2
3 ' : 3 3 4 C x y + .
* Ch : Ta c cch gii khc .
- Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca J trn Ox suy ra OH bng a v JH bng b
Trang 12
I(-2;0)
A(0;2
)
y
x
- Xt cc tam gic ng dng : IOA v IHJ suy ra :
4 2 3 2
IJ 6 2 3
IA IO OA
IH HJ b a

+
- T t s trn ta tm c : b=3 v a= 3 .
Bi 25. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c cnh AB: x -2y
-1 =0, ng cho BD: x- 7y +14 = 0 v ng cho AC i qua im M(2;1). Tm to
cc nh ca hnh ch nht
Gii
- Hnh v : ( Nh bi 12 ).
- Tm ta B l nghim ca h : ( )
2 1 0
7;3
7 14 0
x y
B
x y

'
+
.
- ng thng (BC) qua B(7;3) v ( ) ( ) ( )
7
1; 2 :
3 2
BC
x t
AB u BC
y t
+

'

uuur

1
2 17 0
2
BC
x y k +
. Mt khc :
1 1
1 1 1
7 2
, tan
1 1
7 2 3
1
7 2
BD AB
k k

+
- Gi (AC) c h s gc l k
2
1 2
7 1 2tan 3
7 3
tan 2
1
7 1 tan 4
1 1
7 9
k
k
k
k

+
+
- Do :
17
28 4 3 21
4 7 1 3 7
31
28 4 3 21
1
k k k
k k
k k
k
- Trng hp : k=1 suy ra (AC) : y=(x-2)+1 , hay : x-y-1=0 .

- C l giao ca (BC) vi (AC) : ( )
7
3 2 1, 6; 5
1 0
x t
y t t C
x y
+

'
- A l giao ca (AC) vi (AB) : ( )

7
3 2 0, 1; 0
2 1 0
x t
y t t A
x y
+

'
- (AD) //(BC) suy ra (AD) c dng : 2x+y+m=0 (*) , do qua A(1;0) : m= -2 . Cho nn (AD)
c phng trnh : 2x+y-2=0 .
- D l giao ca (AD) vi (BD) : ( )
2 2 0
0; 2
7 14 0
x y
D
x y
+
'
+
- Trng hp : k=-
17
31
cch gii tng t ( Hc sinh t lm ).
Bi 26. Trong mp (Oxy) cho ng thng () c phng trnh: x 2y 2 = 0 v hai
im A (-1;2); B (3;4). Tm im M
() sao cho 2MA

2
+ MB
2
c gi tr nh nht
Gii
- M thuc suy ra M(2t+2;t )
Trang 13
- Ta c : ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 3 2 5 8 13 2 10 16 26 MA t t t t MA t t + + + + + +
Tng t : ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 1 4 5 12 17 MB t t t t + +
- Do d : f(t)= ( )
2
2
15 4 43 ' 30 4 0
15
t t f t t t + + +
. Lp bng bin thin suy ra min
f(t) =
641
15
t c ti
2 26 2
;
15 15 15
t M
_

,
Bi 27. Cho ng trn (C): x
2
+ y
2
2x 6y + 6 = 0 v im M (2;4)
Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M ct ng trn ti 2 im A v B, sao cho M l
trung im ca AB
Gii
- ng trn (C) : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
/( )
1 3 4 1; 3 , 2, 1 1 4 2 0
M C
x y I R P M + + < nm
trong hnh trn (C) .
- Gi d l ng thng qua M(2;4) c vc t ch phng ( )
2
; :
4
x at
u a b d
y bt
+

'
+
r
- Nu d ct (C) ti A,B th : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
1 1 4 2 2 0 1 at bt a b t a b t + + + + + +
( c 2
nghim t ) . V vy iu kin : ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
' 2 3 2 3 0 * a b a b a ab b + + + + + >
- Gi ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
2 ; 4 , 2 ; 4 A at bt B at bt + + + +
M l trung im AB th ta c h :
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 2 1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
4 4 0
0
8 8 0
a t t a t t
t t
b t t b t t
+ + +

+
' '
+ + +

. Thay vo (1) khi p dng vi t ta c :
( )
1 2 2 2
2
2 4
0 0 : : 6 0
1 1
a b
x y
t t a b a b d d x y
a b
+

+ + +
+
Bi 28. Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn ca e lp (E):
2 2
1
16 9
x y
+ , bit tip tuyn i qua
imA(4;3)
Gii
- Gi s ng thng d c vc t php tuyn ( ) ; n a b
r
qua A(4;3) th d c phng trnh
l :a(x-4)+b(y-3)=0 (*) , hay : ax+by-4a-3b (1) .
- d l tip tuyn ca (E) th iu kin cn v l : ( )
2
2 2
.16 .9 4 3 a b a b + +
2 2 2 2
0 : 3 0
16 9 16 24 9 24 0
0 : 4 0
a d y
a b a ab b ab
b d x

+ + +

Bi 29. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x

2
+ y
2
- 2x - 2my + m
2

- 24 = 0 c tm I v ng thng : mx + 4y = 0. Tm m bit ng thng ct ng trn
(C) ti hai im phn bit A,B tha mn din tch tam gic IAB bng 12.
Gii
- (C) : ( ) ( )
2 2
1 25 (1; ), 5 x y m I m R + .
Trang 14
- Nu d : mx +4y=0 ct (C) ti 2 im A,B th
( )
2 2
2 2
4
16 4
2 24 0 1
16 4
m
y x
m m
x x m
'
_ _ + +
, ,
- iu kin :
2
' 25 0 m m R + > . Khi gi
1 1 2 2
; , ;
4 4
m m
A x x B x x
_ _

, ,

( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1
2
16 25
8
16 4
16
m m m
AB x x x x x x
m
+ +
+
+
- Khong cch t I n d =
2 2
4 5
16 16
m m m
m m
+
+ +
- T gi thit :
2 2
2
2 2
5
1 1 25 25
. .8 . 4 5 12
2 2 16
16 16
m
m m
S AB d m
m
m m
+ +

+
+ +
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 2
2
25
5 3 25 25 9 16
16
m
m m m m
m
+
+ +
+
- Ta c mt phng trnh trng phng , hc sinh gii tip .
Bi 30. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh cnh
AB: x - y - 2 = 0, phng trnh cnh AC: x + 2y - 5 = 0. Bit trng tm ca tam gic G(3;
2). Vit phng trnh cnh BC
Gii
- (AB) ct (AC) ti A : ( )
2 0
3;1
2 5 0
x y
A
x y

'
+
- B nm trn (AB) suy ra B(t; t-2 ), C nm trn (AC) suy ra C(5-2m;m)

- Theo tnh cht trng tm :
( )
( )
2 8
3
2 1; 2
2 1
3
1 7 5 5;3
2
3
G
G
t m
x
m C
t m
t m t m t B
y
+

' ' '
+ +

Bi 31. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua hai im A(2; 5), B(4;1) v tip xc vi
ng thng c phng trnh 3x y + 9 = 0.
Gii
- Gi M l trung im AB suy ra M(3;3 ) . d' l ng trung trc ca AB th d' c phng
trnh : 1.(x-3)-2(y-3)=0 , hay : x-2y+3=0 .
- Tm I ca (C) nm trn ng thng d' cho nn I(2t-3;t) (*)
- Nu (C) tip xc vi d th ( )
( ) 3 2 3 9 5
10
,
2 10 10
t t t
h I d R t R
+
. (1)
- Mt khc : R=IA=
( ) ( )
2 2
5 2 5 t t + . (2) .
- Thay (2) vo (1) :
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
10
5 2 5 4 5 30 50 10
2
t t t t t t + +
Trang 15
2
6 34
12 2 0
6 34
t
t t
t

+

+
. Thay cc gi tr t vo (*) v (1) ta tm c ta tm I v

bn knh R ca (C) .
* Ch : Ta c th s dng phng trnh (C) :
2 2
2 2 0 x y ax by c + + ( c 3 n a,b,c)
- Cho qua A,B ta to ra 2 phng trnh . Cn phng trnh th 3 s dng iu kin tip xc
ca (C) v d : khong cch t tm ti d bng bn knh R .
2
+ y
2
2x + 4y + 2 =
0.
Vit phng trnh ng trn (C') tm M(5, 1) bit (C')
ct (C) ti cc im A, B sao cho 3 AB .
Gii
- ng trn (C) :
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 3 1; 2 , 3 x y I R + + .
- Gi H l giao ca AB vi (IM). Do ng trn (C')
tm M c bn knh R' = MA . Nu AB= 3 IA R , th tam gic IAB l tam gic u , cho
nn IH=
3. 3 3
2 2
( ng cao tam gic u ) . Mt khc : IM=5 suy ra HM=
3 7
5
2 2

.
- Trong tam gic vung HAM ta c
2
2 2 2
49 3
13 '
4 4 4
AB
MA IH R + +
- Vy (C') : ( ) ( )
2 2
5 1 13 x y + .
Bi 33. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn (C) c ph-
ng trnh (x-1)
2
+ (y+2)
2
= 9 v ng thng d: x + y + m = 0. Tm m
trn ng thng d c duy nht mt im A m t k c hai
tip tuyn AB, AC ti ng trn (C) (B, C l hai tip im) sao cho tam
gic ABC vung.
Gii
- (C) c I(1;-2) v bn knh R=3 . Nu tam gic ABC
vung gc ti A ( c ngha l t A k c 2 tip
tuyn ti (C) v 2 tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau ) khi
ABIC l hnh vung . Theo tnh cht hnh vung ta
c IA= IB 2 (1) .
- Nu A nm trn d th A( t;-m-t ) suy ra :
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 IA t t m + + . Thay vo (1) :
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 3 2 t t m + +
( )
2 2
2 2 1 4 13 0 t m t m m +
(2). trn d c
ng 1 im A th (2) c ng 1 nghim t , t ta c
iu kin : ( ) ( )
2
2
10 25 0 5 0 5 m m m m + + +
.Khi (2) c nghim kp l :
( )
1 2 0
1 5 1
3 3;8
2 2
m
t t t A

Bi 34. Trong mt phng to Oxy cho hai ng thng (d
1
) : 4x - 3y - 12 = 0 v (d
2
):
4x + 3y - 12 = 0. Tm to tm v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic c 3 cnh nm
trn (d
1
), (d
2
), trc Oy.
Gii
Trang 16
I M
A
B
H
I(1;-2)
B
C
A
x+y+m=0
- Gi A l giao ca ( )
1 2
4 3 12 0
, : 3; 0 Ox
4 3 12 0
x y
d d A A
x y

'
+
- V (BC) thuc Oy cho nn gi B l giao ca

1
d
vi Oy : cho x=0 suy ra y=-4 , B(0;-4) v
C l giao ca
2
d
vi Oy : C(0;4 ) . Chng t B,C i xng nhau qua Ox , mt khc A nm
trn Ox v vy tam gic ABC l tam gic cn nh A . Do tm I ng trn ni tip tam
gic thuc Ox suy ra I(a;0).
- Theo tnh cht phn gic trong :
5 5 4 9
4 4 4
IA AC IA IO OA
IO AO IO IO
+ +

4 4.3 4
9 9 3
OA
IO
. C ngha l I(
4
; 0
3
)
- Tnh r bng cch :
( ) ( ) 5 8 5
1 1 15 1 1 18 6
. .5.3
2 2 2 2 2 15 5
AB BC CA
S BC OA r
r r
+ + + +
.
Bi 35. Trong mt phng to Oxy cho im C(2;-5 ) v ng thng :
: 3 4 4 0 x y +
. Tm trn hai im A v B i xng nhau qua I(2;5/2) sao cho din tch
tam gic ABC bng15
Gii
- Nhn xt I thuc , suy ra A thuc : A(4t;1+3t) . Nu B i xng vi A qua I th B c
ta B(4-4t;4+3t)
( ) ( )
2 2
16 1 2 9 1 2 5 1 2 AB t t t +
- Khong cch t C(2;-5) n bng chiu cao ca tam gic ABC :
6 20 4
6
5
+ +

- T gi thit :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 0;1 , 4; 4
1 1
. 5. 1 2 .6 15 1 2 1
2 2 1 4; 4 , 0;1
t A B
S AB h t t
t A B

Bi 36. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho elp

2 2
( ) : 1
9 4
x y
E + v hai im A(3;-
2) , B(-3;2) Tm trn (E) im C c honh v tung dng sao cho tam gic ABC c
din tch ln nht.
Gii
- A,B c honh l honh ca 2 nh ca 2 bn trc ln ca (E) , chng nm trn
ng thng y-2=0 . C c honh v tung dng th C nm trn cung phn t th nht
- Tam gic ABC c AB=6 c nh . V th tam gic c din tch ln nht khi khong cch
t C n AB ln nht .
- D nhn thy C trng vi nh ca bn trc ln (3;0)
Bi 37. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit A(2; - 3), B(3; - 2),
c din tch bng
3
2
v trng tm thuc ng thng : 3x y 8 = 0.
Tm ta nh C.
Gii
- Do G thuc suy ra G(t;3t-8). (AB) qua A(2;-3) c vc t ch phng ( ) 1;1 u AB
r uuur
, cho
nn (AB) :
2 3
5 0
1 1
x y
x y
+

. Gi M l trung im ca AB : M
5 5
;
2 2
_

,
.
Trang 17
- Ta c :
5 5 5 11
; 3 8 ; 3
2 2 2 2
GM t t t t
_ _
+

, ,
uuuur
. Gi s C( )
0 0
; x y
, theo tnh cht trng tm
ta c : ( ) ( )
0
0
0
0
5
2
5 2 2
2 2 5;9 19 1
9 19 11
3 8 2 3
2
x t t
x t
GC GM C t t
y t
y t t
_

+
,

' '

_

uuur uuuur
- Ngoi ra ta cn c : AB= 2 , ( )
( ) ( ) 3 2 5 9 19 8 4 3
,
10 10
t t t
h C

- Theo gi thit : ( )
4 3
1 1 3
. , 2 2 4 3 3 10
2 2 2 10
t
S AB h C t

( )
2
2
4 3 5 7 6 5
; 7 9 5
3 3
2 4 3 90 9 24 29 0
4 3 5 6 5 7
;9 5 7
3 3
t C
t t t
t C
_
+

,

_
+

,
Bi 38. Trong mt phng Oxy cho elip (E):
2 2
1
4 3
x y
+ v ng thng
:3x + 4y =12. T im M bt k trn k ti (E) cc tip tuyn MA, MB.
Chng minh rng ng thng AB lun i qua mt im c nh
Gii
Bi 39. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c tm
1
( ;0)
2
I
ng thng AB c phng trnh: x 2y + 2 = 0, AB = 2AD v honh im A m. Tm
ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht
Gii
- Do A thuc (AB) suy ra A(2t-2;t) ( do A c honh m cho nn t<1)
- Do ABCD l hnh ch nht suy ra C i xng vi A qua I : C( ) 3 2 ; t t
.
- Gi d' l ng thng qua I v vung gc vi (AB), ct (AB) ti H th :
1
' :
2
2
x t
d
y t
'
, v
H c ta l H( ) 0;1
. Mt khc B i xng vi A qua H suy ra B( ) 2 2 ; 2 t t
.
- T gi thit : AB=2AD suy ra AH=AD , hay AH=2IH ( ) ( )
2 2 1
2 2 1 2 1
4
t t + +
( )
2
2
1 1 0
5
5 10 5 4. 1 1
1 1 2 1 4
t t
t t t
t t

+

>

- Vy khi t = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2; 0 , 2; 2 , 3; 0 , 1; 2
2
A B C D
.
* Ch : Ta cn c cch gii khc nhanh hn
- Tnh
( )
1
0 2
5 2
;
2 5
h I AB
+

, suy ra AD=2 h(I,AB)= 5
Trang 18
- Mt khc :
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2
5 25
5
4 4 4 4
AB AD
IA IH IH IH AD + + + +
IA=IB =
5
2

-Do A,B l giao ca (C) tm I bn knh IA ct (AB) . Vy A,B c ta l nghim ca
h : ( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2 0
2; 0 , 2; 2
1 5
2 2
x y
A B
x y
+

'
_ _
+

, ,
(Do A c honh m
- Theo tnh cht hnh ch nht suy ra ta ca cc nh cn li : C(3;0) v D(-1;-2)
Bi 40. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; -2), ng cao
: 1 0 CH x y +
, phn gic trong
: 2 5 0 BN x y + +
.Tm to cc nh B,C v tnh din
tch tam gic ABC
Gii
- ng (AB) qua A(1;-2) v vung gc vi
(CH) suy ra (AB):
1
2
x t
y t
+
'

.
- (AB) ct (BN) ti B:
1
2 5
2 5 0
x t
y t t
x y
+

'
+ +

Do B(-4;3).Ta c :
1 2 1
1, 2 tan
1 2 3
AB BN
k k
+

+
- Gi A' i xng vi A qua phn gic (BN) th
A' nm trn (AB). Khi A' nm trn d vung gc vi (BN)
1 2
:
2
x t
d
y t
+
'
+
- d ct (BN) ti H : ( )
1 2
: 2 1 1; 3
2 5 0
x t
H y t t H
x y
+
+
'
+ +
.
- A' i xng vi A qua H suy ra A'(-3;-4) . (BC) qua B,A' suy ra : ( ) 1; 7 u
r
( )
4
:
3 7
x t
BC
y t
+
'

. (BC) ct (CH) ti C:
4
3 13 9
3 7 ;
4 4 4
1 0
x t
y t t C
x y
+
_

'

,
- Tnh din tch tam gic ABC :

- Ta c :
( )
2 5
1 1 9 9 10
. ( , ) .2 5
9
2 2 4 , 2 2
2 2
ABC
AB
S AB h C AB
h C AB

'
Bi 41. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD, c din tch
bng 12, tm I l giao im ca ng thng
0 3 :
1
y x d
v
0 6 :
2
+ y x d
. Trung
im ca mt cnh l giao im ca d
1
vi trc Ox. Tm to cc nh ca hnh ch nht
Gii
- Theo gi thit , ta tm I
3 0
9 3
;
6 0 2 2
x y
I
x y

_

'

+
,
. Gi M l trung im ca AD th
M c ta l giao ca : x-y-3=0 vi Ox suy ra M(3;0). Nhn xt rng : IM // AB v DC ,
ni mt cch khc AB v CD nm trn 2 ng thng // vi
1
d
( c ( ) 1; 1 n
r
.
Trang 19
C
H
B
N
A(1;-2)
x-y+1=0
2x+y+5=0
-A,D nm trn ng thng d vung gc vi
1
d
3
:
x t
d
y t
+
'

. Gi s A ( ) 3 ; t t +
(1), th
do D i xng vi A qua M suy ra D(3-t;t) (2) .
- C i xng vi A qua I cho nn C(6-t;3+t) (3) . B i xng vi D qua I suy ra B( 12+t;3-
t).(4)
- Gi J l trung im ca BC th J i xng vi M qua I cho nn J(6;3). Do ta c kt qu
l : : 3 2 MJ AB AD . Khong cch t A ti
1
d
: ( ) ( )
1 1
2
, 2 , .
2
ABCD
t
h A d S h A d MJ
1 2
2 3 2 12 12
1
2
ABCD
t t
S t
t

. Thay cc gi tr ca t vo (1),(2),(3),(4) ta tm
c cc nh ca hnh ch nht :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 3;1 , 4; 1 , 7; 2 , 11; 4
1 4; 1 , 2;1 , 5; 4 , 13; 2
t A D C B
t A D C B

Bi 42. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hypebol (H):

2 2
x y
1
2 3

v im M(2;
1). Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua M, bit rng ng thng ct (H) ti hai
im A, B m M l trung im ca AB
Gii
- Gii s d c vc t ch phng ( ) ; u a b
r
, qua M(2;1)
2
:
1
x at
d
y bt
+
'
+
- d ct (H) ti 2 im A,B th A,B c ta :

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
2 1
1 1
2 3
1
2 3
x at
at bt
y bt
x y
+
+ +
+
'
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
3 2 2 2 6 3 2 4 3 4 0(1) at bt a b t a b t + + + +
- iu kin :
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2
3 2 0
' 4 3 4 3 2 0
a b
a b a b

'
>
(*). Khi ( )
1 1
2 ;1 , A at bt + +
v ta ca
B : ( )
2 2
2 ;1 B at bt + +
, suy ra nu M l trung im ca AB th : 4+a ( )
1 2 1 2
4 0 t t t t + +
- Kt hp vi
2
1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
2 3
4 4 2
3 2 2 3
2 3
t t t t t t
a b b a
b a
t

- p dng vi t cho (1) :
( )
1 2 2 2
4 3
2 1 2 1
0 3 :
3 2 3
b a
x y x y
t t b a d
a b a b a a

- Vy d : 3(x-2)=(y-1) hay d : 3x-y-5=0 .
Bi 43. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho ng thng c phng trnh x+2y-3=0 v hai
im A(1;0),B(3;-4). Hy tm trn ng thng mt im M sao cho :
3 MA MB +
uuur uuur
l nh
nht
Gii
- D M ( ) 3 2 ; M t t
c nn ta c : ( ) ( ) 2 2; , 3 6 ; 3 12 MA t t MB t t
uuur uuur
. Suy ra ta
ca ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 8 ; 4 14 3 8 4 14 MA MB t t MA MB t t + + + +
uuur uuur uuur uuur
.
Trang 20
- Vy : f(t) =
( ) ( )
2 2
2
8 4 14 80 112 196 t t t t + + + + . Xt g(t)=
2
80 112 196 t t + + , tnh o hm
g'(t)= 160t+112. g'(t)=0 khi
112 51 51 15.169
196
80 80 80 80
t g
_

,
- Vy min
3 196 14 MA MB +
uuur uuur
, t c khi t=
51
80
v
131 51
;
40 80
M
_

,
Bi 44. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho hai ng trn : ( )
2 2
1
: 13 C x y +
v
( ) ( )
2
2
2
: 6 25 C x y + ct nhau ti A(2;3).Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A v ct
( ) ( )
1 2
, C C
theo hai dy cung c di bng nhau
Gii
- T gi thit : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
: 0; 0 , 13. ; 6; 0 , ' 5 C I R C J R
- Gi ng thng d qua A(2;3) c vc t ch phng ( )
2
; :
3
x at
u a b d
y bt
+

'
+
r
- d ct ( )
1
C
ti A, B : ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2 3
3 2 2 3 0
13
x at
a b
y bt a b t a b t t
a b
x y
+
+
1
+ + + +
'
]
+
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 3 3 2
;
b b a a a b
B
a b a b
_

+ +
,
. Tng t d ct ( )
2
C
ti A,C th ta ca A,C l nghim ca
h :
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2 4 3
10 6 2 3 8 3
3 ;
6 25
x at
a b
a ab b a ab b
y bt t C
a b a b a b
x y
_ + +
+
'
+ + +
,
- Nu 2 dy cung bng nhau th A l trung im ca A,C . T ta c phng trnh :

( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2
0 ; :
2 3
3 10 6 2
4 6 9 0
3 3
; // ' 3; 2
2 2
x
a d
b ab
y t a ab b
a ab
a b a b
a b u b b u

'
+ +

+ +
_

,
r ur

Suy ra :
2 3
:
3 2
x t
d
y t
+
'
+
. Vy c 2 ng thng : d: x-2=0 v d': 2x-3y+5=0

Bi 45. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho tam gic ABC bit A(3;0), ng cao t nh B c
phng trnh x+y+1=0 trung tuyn t nh C c phng trnh : 2x-y-2=0 . Vit phng
trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC
Gii
- ng thng d qua A(3;0) v vung gc vi
(BH) cho nn c vc t ch phng ( ) 1;1 u
r

do d :
3 x t
y t
+
'
. ng thng d ct (CK)
ti C : ( )
3
4 1; 4
2 2 0
x t
y t t C
x y
+

'
- V K thuc (CK) : K(t;2t-2) v K l trung

im ca AB cho nn B i xng vi A qua K
Trang 21
B
C
K
H
A(3;0)
x+y+1=0
2x-y-2=0
suy ra B(2t-3;4t-4) . Mt khc K li thuc (BH) cho nn : (2t-3)+(4t-4)+1=0 suy ra t=1 v
to B(-1;0) . Gi (C) : ( )
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 0 0 x y ax by c a b c R + + + >
l ng trn ngoi
tip tam gic ABC . Cho (C) qua ln lt A,B,C ta c h :
1
9 6 0
2
4 4 0 0
5 2 8 0 6
a
a c
a c b
a b c c
+ +
' '

+ + +
- Vy (C) :
2
2
1 25
2 4
x y
_
+

,
Bi 46. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho tam gic ABC bit A(1;-1) ,B(2;1), din tch bng
11
2

v trng tm G thuc ng thng d : 3x+y-4=0 . Tm ta nh C ?
Gii
- Nu G thuc d th G(t;4-3t). Gi C(
0 0
; ) x y
. Theo
tnh cht trng tm :
0
0
0 0
1 2
3 3
3
12 9
4 3
3
x
t
x t
y y t
t
+ +
' '

Do C(3t-3;12-9t).
-Ta c :
( )
2
1 1
( ) : 2 3 0
1 2
1; 2
1 2 5
x y
AB x y
AB
AB
+

'
uuur
- h(C,AB)=
( ) ( ) 2 3 3 12 9 3 15 21
5 5
t t t
. Do : ( )
1
. ,
2
ABC
S AB h C AB
( )
32 17 26 32
;
15 21 15 21
1 11 15 5 5 15
5 15 21 11
20 2 2 2 5 4
1; 0
15
3
t C t
t t
S t
t
t C
_

Bi 47. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho hnh vung c nh (-4;5) v mt ng cho c
phng trnh : 7x-y+8=0 . Vit phng trnh chnh tc cc cnh hnh vung
Gii
- Gi A(-4;8) th ng cho (BD): 7x-y+8=0. Gi s B(t;7t+8) thuc (BD).
- ng cho (AC) qua A(-4;8) v vung gc vi (BD) cho nn c vc t ch phng
( ) ( )
4 7
4 5
7; 1 : 7 39 0
5 7 1
x t
x y
u AC x y
y t
+ +
+
'

r
. Gi I l giao ca (AC) v
(BD) th ta ca I l nghim ca h : ( )
4 7
1 1 9
5 ; 3; 4
2 2 2
7 8 0
x t
y t t I C
x y
+
_

'

,
- T B(t;7t+8) suy ra : ( ) ( ) 4; 7 3 , 3; 7 4 BA t t BC t t + + +
uuur uuur
. l hnh vung th BA=BC :
V BAvung gc vi BC ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
0
4 3 7 3 7 4 0 50 50 0
1
t
t t t t t t
t

+ + + + +


Trang 22
A(1;-1)
B(2;1)
G
3x+y-4=0
C
( )
( )
0 0;8
1 1;1
t B
t B

. Tm ta ca D i xng vi B qua I
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0;8 1;1
1;1 0;8
B D
B D

- T : (AB) qua A(-4;5) c ( ) ( )

4 5
4;3 :
4 3
AB
x y
u AB
+

uuur
(AD) qua A(-4;5) c ( ) ( )
4 5
3; 4 :
3 4
AD
x y
u AB
+

uuur
(BC) qua B(0;8) c ( ) ( )
8
3; 4 :
3 4
BC
x y
u BC

uuur
(DC) qua D(-1;1) c ( ) ( )
1 1
4;3 :
4 3
DC
x y
u DC
+

uuur
* Ch : Ta cn cch gii khc
- (BD) :
7 8 y x +
, (AC) c h s gc
1
7
k
v qua A(-4;5) suy ra (AC):
31
7 7
x
y +
.
-Gi I l tm hnh vung : ( )
2
2
3; 4
7 8
31
7 7
A C I
A C I
I I
C
C
x x x
y y y
C
y x
x
y
+

' +
- Gi (AD) c vc t ch phng ( ) ( ) ( )
0
; , : 1; 7 7 os45 u a b BD v a b uv u v c +
r r rr r r

2 2
7 5 a b a b + +
. Chn a=1, suy ra ( ) ( )
3 3 3
: 4 5 8
4 4 4
b AD y x x + + +
Tng t : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 4 1 3 3 7
: 4 5 , : 3 4
3 3 3 4 4 4
AB y x x BC y x x + + + +
v ng thng
(DC): ( )
4 4
3 4 8
3 3
y x x + +
Bi 48. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im E(-1;0) v ng trn
( C ): x
2
+ y
2
8x 4y 16 = 0.
Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im E ct ( C ) theo dy cung MN c di ngn
nht.
Gii
- ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
: 4 2 36 4; 2 , 6 C x y I R +
- Nhn xt : P/(M,C)=1+8-16=-7<0 suy ra E nm trong (C)
- Gi d l ng thng qua E(-1;0) c vc t ch phng ( )
1
; :
x at
u a b d
y bt
+

'
r
- ng thng d ct (C) ti 2 im M,N c ta l nghim ca h :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2
1
2 5 2 7 0
4 2 36
x at
y bt a b t a b t
x y
+ +
'
. (1)
- Gi M(-1+at;bt),N( -1+at';bt') vi t v t' l 2 nghim ca (1). Khi di ca dy cung
MN ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 ' 2 18 20 11
' ' '
a ab b
a t t b t t t t a b a b
a b
a b
+ +
+ + +
+
+
Trang 23
-
2
2
2 2
18 20 11
18 20 11
2 2
1
1
b b
t t b a a
t
t a
b
a
_ _
+ +

+ +
_
, ,

+
,
_
+

,
. Xt hm s f(t)=
2
2
18 20 11
1
t t
t
+ +
+
- Tnh o hm f'(t) cho bng 0 , lp bng bin thin suy ra GTLN ca t , t suy ra t ( tc
l suy ra t s a/b ) ). Tuy nhin cch ny di
* Ch : Ta s dng tnh cht dy cung lp 9 : Khong cch t tm n dy cung cng
nh th dy cung cng ln
- Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca I trn ng thng d bt k qua E(-1;0). Xt tam gic
vung HIE ( I l nh ) ta lun c :
2 2 2 2
IH IE HE IE IH IE . Do IH ln nht khi
HE=0 c ngha l H trng vi E . Khi d ct (C) theo dy cung nh nht . Lc ny d l
ng thng qua E v vung gc vi IE cho nn d c vc t php tuyn ( ) 5; 2 n IE
r uur
, do
vy d: 5(x+1)+2y=0 hay : 5x+2y+5=0 .
Bi 49. Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A, bit phng trnh ng thng AB, BC ln lt l:
x + 2y 5 = 0 v 3x y + 7 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng AC, bit rng AC i qua
im F(1; - 3).
Gii
- Ta thy B l giao ca (AB) v (BC) cho nn ta
B l nghim ca h :
9
2 5 0
7
3 7 0 22
7
x
x y
x y
y
' '
+
9 22
;
7 7
B
_

,
. ng thng d' qua A vung gc
vi (BC) c ( ) ( )
1
3; 1 1;3
3
u n k
r r
. (AB)
c
1
2
AB
k
. Gi (AC) c h s gc l k ta c
phng trnh :
1
1 1 1
15 5 3 3 1
1
8
2 3 3
15 5 3
1 1
15 5 3 4 5 3
1 1
2 3 3
7
k
k
k k k
k k
k
k k k
k

+ +

+ +
+
- Vi k=- ( ) ( )
1 1
: 1 3 8 23 0
8 8
AC y x x y + +
- Vi k= ( ) ( )
4 4
: 1 3 4 7 25 0
7 7
AC y x x y + + +
Bi 50. Trong mt phng Oxy, hy xc nh ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC vung
cn ti A. Bit rng cnh huyn nm trn ng thng d: x + 7y 31 = 0, im N(7;7)
thuc ng thng AC, im M(2;-3) thuc AB v nm ngoi on AB
Gii
- Gi A( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0 0 0 0
; 2; 3 , 7; 7 x y MA x y NA x y +
uuur uuur
.
- Do A l nh ca tam gic vung cn cho nn AM vung gc vi AN hay ta c :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
. 0 2 7 3 7 0 9 4 7 0 MA NA x x y y x y x y + + +
uuur uuur
- Do A nm trn ng trn (C) : ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
3 2 20 x y +
Trang 24
A
B C
x+2y-5=0
3x-y+7=0
F(1;-3)
- ng trn (C) ct d ti 2 im B,C c ta l nghim ca h phng trnh :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
31 7
31 7
3 2 20
50 396 768 0 28 7 2 20
7 31 0
x y
x y
x y
y y y y
x y
+

' ' '
+ +
+

- Do ta tm c :
198 2 201 99 201 99 201
;
50 25 25
y y
+
, tng ng ta tm c cc
gi tr ca x :
82 7 201 82 7 201
;
25 25
x x
+
. Vy :
82 7 201 99 201
;
25 25
A
_
+

,
v ta ca
im
82 7 201 99 201
;
25 25
A
_
+

,
Bi 51. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho hai ng thng d
1
: 2x + y + 5 = 0, d
2
: 3x + 2y 1 =
0 v im G(1;3). Tm ta cc im B thuc d
1
v C thuc d
2
sao cho tam gic ABC
nhn im G lm trng tm. Bit A l giao im ca hai ng thng d
1
v
2
d
Gii
- Tm ta A l nghim ca h : ( )
2 5 0 11
11;17
3 2 1 0 17
x y x
A
x y y
+ +

' '
+

- Nu C thuc
( ) ( )
1 2
; 2 5 , 1 2 ; 1 3 d C t t B d B m m +
- Theo tnh cht trng tm ca tam gic ABC khi G
l trng tm th :
2 10
1
2 13
3
11 2 3 2 3 2
3
3
t m
t m
t m t m
+
' '
+
( )
13 2
13 2 35
2 13 2 3 2 24 24
t m
t m t
m m m m

' ' '
+

- Vy ta tm c : C(-35;65) v B( 49;-53).
Bi 52. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x
2
+ y
2
6x + 2y 15 = 0. Tm ta
im M trn ng thng d: 3x 22y 6 = 0, sao cho t im M k c ti (C) hai tip
tuyn MA, MB (A, B l cc tip im) m ng thng AB i qua im C (0;1).
Gii
- (C) : ( ) ( )
2 2
3 1 25 x y + + , c I(3;-1) v R=5 .
- Gi ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y
l 2 tip im ca 2 tip
tuyn k t M .
- Gi M( )
0 0 0 0
; 3 22 6 0 (*) x y d x y
- Hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A,B c phng trnh l :
- ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
3 3 1 1 25 1 x x y y + + +
v :
- ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 3 1 1 25 2 x x y y + + +
- 2 tip tuyn tr thnh 2 tip tuyn k t M th
2 tip tuyn phi i qua M ;
- ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 0 1 0
3 3 1 1 25 3 x x y y + + +
v
- ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 0 2 0
3 3 1 1 25 4 x x y y + + +
T (3) v (4) chng t (AB) c phng trnh l : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0
3 3 1 1 25 5 x x y y + + +
Trang 25
A
B
C
G
M
2x+y+5=0
3x+2y-1=0
M
A
B
I(3;-1)
H
C(0;1)
3x-22y-6=0
- Theo gi thit th (AB) qua C(0;1) suy ra :
( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
3 3 2 1 25 3 2 14 0(6) x y x y + + +
- Kt hp vi (*) ta c h :
0
0 0
0 0 0
1
3 22 6 0
16
; 1
16
3 2 14 0 3
3
y
x y
M
x y x

_

' '

+ ,
Bi 53. Trong mt phng Oxy : Cho hai im A(2 ; 1), B( - 1 ; - 3) v hai ng thng
d
1
: x + y + 3 = 0; d
2
: x 5y 16 = 0. Tm ta cc im C,D ln lt thuc d
1
v d
2
sao
cho t gic ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
Gii
- Trng hp : Nu AB l mt ng cho
+/ Gi I(
1
; 1
2
_

,
, ng thng qua I c h s gc k suy ra d: y=k(x-1/2)-1
+/ ng thng d ct
1
d
ti C
( )
( )
4
1
2 1
1
2
7 2
3 0
2 1
k
x
k
y k x
k
y
x y
k

_

+

, ' '
+

+ +
( ) ( )
4 7 2
;
2 1 2 1
k k
C
k k
_
+

+ +
,
. Tng t d ct
2
d
ti B :
1
1
2
5 16 0
y k x
x y

, '
- T suy ra ta ca B . ABCD l hnh bnh hnh th : AB=CD .S tm c k

* Cch khc :
- Gi C(t;-t-3) thuc
1
d
, tm B i xng vi C qua I suy ra D (1-t;t+1)
- tha mn ABCD l hnh bnh hnh th D phi thuc
2
d
: ( ) 1 5 1 16 0 t t +
Suy ra t=-
10
3
v D
13 7
;
3 3
_

,
v C
10 1
;
3 3
_

,
- Trng hp AB l mt cnh ca hnh bnh hnh .
+/ Chn C (t;-t-3) thuc
1
d
v D (5m+16;m) thuc
2
d
+/ ABCD l hnh bnh hnh th :
AC=BD
AB //CD
'
+/ Ta c
:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 4 5 17 3
2 4 5 17 3
5 16 3
17 7 55 0
3 4
t t m m
t t m m
m t m t
m t
+ + + + +

+ + + + +

' '
+ + +
+
2 2
2 13 88 89 0
17 55
7
t t m m
m
t
+ + +
' +
. Gii h ny ta tm c m v t , thay vo ta ca C v D
Bi 54. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c C(1;2), hai ng cao
xut pht t A v B ln lt c phng trnh l x + y = 0 v 2x y + 1 = 0. Tnh din tch
tam gic ABC.
Gii
- (AC) qua C(1;2) v vung gc vi ng cao BK cho nn c :
( ) ( )
1 2
2; 1 : 2 5 0
2 1
x y
u AC x y

+
r
Trang 26
- (AC) ct (AH) ti A :
3
2 1 0
3 11 5
5
;
2 5 0 11 5 5 5
5
x
x y
A AC
x y
y
+
_

' '

+
,
- (BC) qua C(1;2) v vung gc vi (AH) suy ra ( ) ( )

1
1;1 :
2
BC
x t
u BC
y t
+

'
+
uuur
- (BC) ct ng cao (AH) ti B
1
3 1 1
2 ;
2 2 2
0
x t
y t t B
x y
+
_
+
'

,
- Khong cch t B n (AC) :

1
1 5
9 1 5 9 9 2
.
2 5 20 5 2 5 2 5
S
+

Bi 55. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hai im
1
F
( - 4; 0),
2
F
( 4;0) v im A(0;3).
a) Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua im A v c hai tiu im
1
F
,
2
F
.
b) Tm ta ca im M thuc (E) sao cho M
1
F
= 3M
1
2
F
Gii
- Gi s (E) :
2 2
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ (1) . Theo gi thit th : c=4 ( )
2 2 2
16 2 c a b
- (E) qua A(0;3) suy ra :
2
2
9
1 9 b
b

, thay vo (2) ta c ( )
2 2
2
25 : 1
25 9
x y
a E +
- M thuc (E) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
0 0
; 1 2
25 9
x y
M x y + . Theo tnh cht ca (E) ta c bn knh qua tiu
1 0 2 0 1 2 0 0 0
4 4 4 4 25
5 , 5 3 5 3 5
5 5 5 5 8
MF x MF x MF MF x x x
_
+ +

,
. Thay vo (2)
ta c
2
0 0 2
551 551
8 8
y y t
Bi 56. Trong mp Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x
2
+ y
2
6x + 2y + 6 = 0 v im P(1;3).
a.Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn PE, PF ca ng trn (C), vi E, F l cc tip im.
b.Tnh din tch tam gic PEF.
Gii
- (C): ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 1 4 3; 1 , 2 x y I R + +
- Gi s ng thng qua P c vc t php
tuyn ( ) ( ) ( ) ; : 1 3 0 n a b d a x b y +
r
Hay : ax+by-(a+3b)=0 (*).
- d l tip tuyn ca (C) th khong cch
t tm I n d bng bn knh :
2 2 2 2
3 3 2 4
2 2
a b a b a b
a b a b

+ +
( )
2
2 2 2
2 4 3 0 a b a b ab b +
( )
( )
( ) ( )
0 1 0 1 0
4 3 0
4 4
1 3 0 3 4 6 0
3 3
b a x x
b a b
b a a x a y x y

+ +

Trang 27
I(3;-1) E
F
P(1;3)
O
x
y
H
-Ta c : PI=2 5 , PE=PF=
2 2
20 4 4 PI R
.
Tam gic IEP ng dng vi IHF suy ra :

IF 2 5 IF 2 4
5 ,
IH 2 5 5 5 5
EP IP EP
IH EH
EH IE

2 8 1 1 8 8 32
2 5 EF.PH=
2 2 5 5 5 5 5
EPF
PH PI IH S
Bi 57. Trong mpOxy, cho 2 ng thng d
1
: 2x + y 1 = 0, d
2
: 2x y + 2 = 0. Vit pt
ng trn (C) c tm nm trn trc Ox ng thi tip xc vi d
1
v d
2
.
Gii
- Gi I(a;0) thuc Ox . Nu (C) tip xc vi 2 ng thng th :
( ) ( )
( )
1 2
1
, ,
,
h I d h I d
h I d R

'
( )
( )
2 1 2 2
1
5 5
2 1
2
5
a a
a
R
+
'
. T (1) : a=
1
4
, thay vo (2) : R= ( )
2
2
5 1 5
:
10 4 100
C x y
_
+

,
Bi 58. Trong mpOxy, cho 2 ng thng d
1
: 2x 3y + 1 = 0, d
2
: 4x + y 5 = 0. Gi A l
giao im ca d
1
v d
2
. Tm im B trn d
1
v im C trn d
2
sao cho ABC c trng tm
G(3; 5).
Gii
- Ta A l nghim ca h :
2 3 1 0
7 3
;
4 5 0 8 2
x y
A
x y
+
_
'

+
,
- ( ) ( )
1 2
1 2 ;1 3 , ;5 4 B d B t t C d C m m +
.
Tam gic ABC nhn G(3;5) lm trng tm :
7 57
1 2 9 2
8 8
3 15
1 3 5 4 15 3 4
2 2
t m t m
t m t m

+ + + +

' '

+ + +

Gii h trn suy ra :
31 67 88
;
5 5 5
207 207 257
;
40 40 10
t B
m C
_

,
'
_

2
+ y
2
2x 4y + 3 = 0. Lp pt ng trn (C) i xng vi
(C) qua ng thng : x 2 = 0
Gii
Ta c (C): ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 2 1; 2 , 2 x y I R +
- Gi J l tm ca (C') th I v J i xng nhau qua d : x=2 suy ra J(3;2) v (C) c cng bn
knh R . Vy (C'): ( ) ( )
2 2
3 2 2 x y + i xng vi (C) qua d .
Bi 60. Trong mpOxy, cho ABC c trc tm H
13 13
;
5 5
_

,
, pt cc ng thng AB v AC
ln lt l: 4x y 3 = 0, x + y 7 = 0. Vit pt ng thng cha cnh BC.
Gii
Trang 28
- Ta A l nghim ca h :
4 3 0
7 0
x y
x y

'
+
Suy ra : A(2;5). ( )
3 12
; // 1; 4
5 5
HA u
_

,
uuur r
. Suy ra
(AH) c vc t ch phng ( ) 1; 4 u
r
. (BC) vung
gc vi (AH) cho nn (BC) c ( ) 1; 4 n u
r r
suy ra
(BC): x-4y+m=0 (*).
- C thuc (AC) suy ra C(t;7-t ) v
( )
13 22
; 1; 4
5 5
AB
CH t t u CH
_

,
uuur uuur uuur
. Cho nn ta
c : ( )
13 22
4 0 5 5; 2
5 5
t t t C
_
+

,
.
- Vy (BC) qua C(5;2) c vc t php tuyn ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1; 4 : 5 4 2 0 n BC x y
r
(BC):
4 3 0 x y +
Bi 61. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng d: x + y 3 = 0 v 2 im
A(1; 1), B(3; 4). Tm ta im M thuc ng thng d sao cho khong cch t M n
ng thng AB bng 1.
Gii
- M thuc d suy ra M(t;3-t) . ng thng (AB) qua
A(1;1) v c vc t ch phng
( ) ( )
1 1
4; 3 : 3 4 4 0
4 3
x y
u AB x y

+
r
- Theo u bi :
( ) 3 4 3 4
1 8 5
5
t t
t
+
+
( )
( )
3 3; 0
13 13; 10
t M
t M

* Ch :
ng thng d' song song vi (AB) c dng : 3x+4y+m=0 . Nu d' cch (AB) mt khong
bng 1 th h(A,d')=1
3 4
1
5
m + +

2 ' : 3 4 2 0
12 ' : 3 4 12 0
m d x y
m d x y
+
. Tm giao ca d' vi d ta tm c M .
Bi 62. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ABC c nh A(4; 3), ng cao BH v
trung tuyn CM c pt ln lt l: 3x y + 11 = 0, x + y 1 = 0. Tm ta cc nh B, C
Gii
ng thng (AC) qua A(4;3) v vung gc vi (BH) suy ra (AC) :
4 3
3
x t
y t
+
'

(AC) ct trung tuyn (CM) ti C : ( )

4 3
3 2 6 0 3 5; 6
1 0
x t
y t t t C
x y
+
+
'

Trang 29
A(2;5)
B C
E
K
H
4x-y-3=0
x+y-7=0
A(1;1)
B(-3;4)
M(t;3-t)
H
- B thuc (BH) suy ra B(t;3t+11 ). Do (CM) l trung tuyn cho nn M l trung im ca AB
, ng thi M thuc (CM) .
4 3 14
;
2 2
t t
M
+ +
_

,
( )
4 3 14
1 0 4
2 2
t t
M CM t
+ +
+
.
Do ta ca B(-4;-1) v M(0;1 ).
Bi 63. Trong mpOxy, cho elip (E):
2 2
1
8 4
x y
+ v
ng thng d: x 2 y + 2 = 0. ng thng d ct
elip (E) ti 2 im B, C. Tm im A trn elip (E) sao cho ABC c din tch ln nht.
Gii
-Do ng thng d c nh cho nn B,C c nh , c ngha l cnh y BC ca tam gic
ABC c nh .
- Din tch tam gic ln nht khi khong cch t A ( trn E) l ln nht
- Phng trnh tham s ca (E) :
( )
2 2 sin
2 2 sin ; 2cos
2cos
x t
A t t
y t

'
- Ta c :
( )
2 2 sin 2 2 ost+2
,
3
t c
h A d

( )
4sin
2 2 sin ost
4 4
3 3 3
x
t c
_
,

. Du ng thc ch xy ra khi
sin 1
4
x

_

,
.
sin 1
2 2 2, 2
4
4 2 4
3
2 2 2, 2 sin 1
4 2 4
4
x
x k x k x y
x k x k x y x

_

+ +

,
_

+ +

,
Nhn xt : Thay
ta 2 im A tm c ta thy im ( )
2; 2 A
tha mn .
Bi 64. Trong h trc 0xy, cho ng trn (C): x
2
+y
2
-8x+12=0 v im E(4;1). Tm to
im M trn trc tung sao cho t M k c 2 tip tuyn MA, MB n (C), vi A,B l cc
tip im sao cho E thuc ng thng AB
Gii
Trang 30
B
H
C
M
A(4;3)
3x-y+11=0
x+y-1=0
2 -2
2
y
x
O
-2
2
x-y+2=0
B
C A
-2
2
A
- ng trn (C) : ( ) ( )
2
2
4 4 2; 0 , 2 x y I R +
- Gi M(0;a) thuc Oy . ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y C
- Tip tuyn ti A v B c phng trnh l :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
4 4 4 , 4 4 4 x x y y x x y y + +
- tha mn 2 tip tuyn ny cng qua M(0;a)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 1
4 0 4 4 , 4 0 4 4 x y a x y a + +
.
Chng t (AB) c phng trnh : -4(x-4)+ay=4
- Nu (AB) qua E(4;1) : -4(0)+a.1=4 suy ra : a=4
Vy trn Oy c M(0;4 ) tha mn .
Bi 65. Cho tam gic ABC c din tch S=
2
3
, hai nh A(2;-3), B(3;-2) v trng tm G ca
tam gic thuc t 3x-y-8=0. Tm ta nh C
Gii
- V G thuc d suy ra G(t;3t-8)
( )
( )
0 0
2 ;5 3
; 8 3
GA t t
GM x t y t
'
+
uuur
uuuur . Theo tnh cht trng tm ca
tam gic :
0 0
0 0
2 2 2 2 3 2
2
5 3 2 16 6 2 9 21
t x t x t
GA GM
t y t y t
+

' '
+

uuur uuuur
. Theo tnh cht trung im
ta c ta ca C( ) 3 5;9 19 t t
.
- (AB) qua A(2;-3 ) c vc t ch phng ( ) ( )
2 2
1;1 : 4 0.
1 1
x y
u AB x y
+

r
ng thi : 2 AB . Khong cch t C n (AB) :
3 5 9 19 4 10 6
2 2
t t t +

- Theo gi thit :
13 3 11
;
10 6 3 10 6 6 2 2 1 1 3
. 2 5 3
10 6 3 2 2 2 7 3 7 2
;
6 2 2
t C
t t
S AB h t
t
t C
_

,

_

,
Bi 66. Viet phng trnh ng tron (C ) co ban knh R = 2 tiep

xuc vi truc hoanh va co tam I nam tren ng thang (d) : x
+ y 3 = 0.
Gii
- Tm I nm trn d suy ra I(t;3-t) . Nu (C) tip xc vi Ox th khong cch t I n Ox
bng bn knh R=2 :
( )
( )
1
2
5 5; 2
3 2
3 2
3 2 1 1; 2
t I
t
t
t t I

- Nh vy c 2 ng trn : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
: 5 2 4 , : 1 2 4 C x y C x y + + + .
Bi 67. Trong mat phang Oxy cho ng tron (C) co phng trnh :
x
2
+ y
2
2x 6y + 6 = 0.
a. Viet phng trnh ng thang i qua M(2 ; 4) cat ng tron
(C) tai 2 iem A, B sao cho M la trung iem oan AB.
b. Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen cua (C) sao cho tiep tuyen ay
song song vi ng thang co phng trnh : 2x + 2y 7 = 0.
Trang 31
y
x I(4;0) O
1 E(4;1)
A
B
M
d'
c. Chng to ng tron (C) va ng tron (C ) : x
2
+ y
2
4x 6y
+ 4 = 0 tiep xuc nhau. Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen chung cua
chung tai tiep iem
Gii
- (C) : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 3 4 1; 3 , 2 x y I R + .
a. Gi A(x;y) thuc (C) suy ra ( ) ( )
2 2
1 3 4 x y + (1) , B i xng vi A qua M suy ra B(4-
x;8-y) . m bo yu cu bi ton th B thuc (C) : ( ) ( )
2 2
3 5 4 x y + (2).
- T (1) v (2) ta c h :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 3 4 2 6 6 0 3
6 10 30 0 4
3 5 4
x y x y x y
x y x y
x y
+ + +

' '
+ +
+

- Ly (3) -(4) ta c phng trnh : 4x+4y-24=0 , hay : x+y-6=0 . chnh l ng thng

cn tm .
b. Gi d' l ng thng // vi d nn n c dng : 2x+2y+m=0 (*) . d' l tip tuyn ca
(C) th : ( )
4 2 8 2 6
, ' 2 8 4 2
8
4 2 8
m m
h I d m
m
+ +
+

c. (C'): ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 3 9 ' 2;3 , ' 3 x y I R +
- Ta c : II'=1 , R'-R=1 . Chng t hai ng trn tip xc trong vi nhau .
- Tm ta tip im :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 3 4
2 6 6 0
2 2 0 1
4 6 4 0
2 3 9
x y
x y x y
x x
x y x y
x y
+ + +

+
' '
+ +
+

. Thay vo phng
trnh u ca h : ( ) ( )
2
2
6 9 0 3 0 3 1;3 y y y y M + .
- Tip tuyn chung qua M v vung gc vi IJ suy ra d': 1(x-1)=0 hay : x-1=0 .
Bi 68. Trong mat phang Oxy cho (E) co phng trnh : 1
4
y
9
x
2 2
+ .
a. Xac nh toa o cac tieu iem, o dai cac truc cua (E).
b. Chng minh OM
2
+ MF
1
.MF
2
la mot so khong oi vi F
1
, F
2
la
hai tieu iem cua (E) va M (E).
c. Tm cac iem M thuoc (E) thoa MF
1
= 2.MF
2
vi F
1
, F
2
la hai
tieu iem cua (E).
d. Tm cac iem M (E) nhn hai tieu iem cua (E) di mot
goc vuong.
Gii
a. (E) c trc di 2a=6 , trc ngn : 2b=4 , ( ) ( )
2
1 2
9 4 5 5 5; 0 , 5; 0 c c F F
b. Gi ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
0 0
; 1(*)
9 4
x y
M x y E +
- Theo cng thc bn knh qua tiu :
2
1 0 2 0 1 2 0 0 0
5 5 5 5 5
3 , 3 . 3 3 9
3 3 3 3 9
_ _
+ +

, ,
- Vy :
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0 0
4 5
9 9 9 4 9 4 13
9 9 9 4
x x y
OM MFMF x y x y
_
+ + + + + + + +

,
.
Trang 32
c. Nh (*) Nu
1 2 0 0 0 0
5 5 3
2 3 2 3 5 3
3 3 5
MF MF x x x x
_
+

,
.
- T (*) : ( )
2 2
0 0 0 1 2
4 4 9 16 4 3 4 3 4
9 9 ; , ;
9 9 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
y x y M M
_ _ _
t

, , ,
d. Theo gi thit :
1 2
0 MF MF
uuuuruuuur
- ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0
5, , 5; 5 0 5 1 MF x y MF x y MF MF x y y x +
uuuur uuuur uuuuruuuur
- Kt hp vi (*) ta c h :
( )
( )
2 2
0 0
2 2 2
0 0 0 0
2 2
0 0
5
4 81 9
5 9
4
9 13 13 9
9
y x
x x x x
y x

t
'

- Do :
2
0 0
81 36 6
5
13 13 13
y y t
. Nh vy ta c tt c 4 im M nhn tiu im di
mt gc vung :
1 2 3 4
9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6
; , ; , ; , ;
13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
M M M M
_ _ _ _

, , , ,
Bi 69. Trong mat phang Oxy cho (E) co phng trnh : 1
4
y
9
x
2 2
+ .
a. Xac nh toa o cac tieu iem, o dai cac truc cua (E).
b. Chng minh rang vi moi iem M thuoc (E) ta eu co 2 OM
3.
c. Tm cac iem M thuoc (E) nhn oan F
1
F
2
di mot goc 60.
Gii
a. Gi s ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
0 0
; 1 1
9 4
x y
M x y E +
- Ta c :
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 9 3
4 9 9 4 9 9 9
y y x y x y x y
OM OM
+
+ + . (1)
- Tng t :
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
1 4 4 2
9 4 9 4 4 4 4
x x x y x y x y
x y OM OM
+
+ + +
- Tm li vi mi M thuc (E) ta lun c : 2 3 OM . Du ng thc : .
0 0
0 0
0, 3
0, 2
y x
x y
t
c. Ta c :
2
1 0 2 0 1 2 0 0 0
5 5 5 5 5
3 , 3 . 3 3 9
3 3 3 3 9
_ _
+ +

, ,
- Theo h thc hm s cos ta c :
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 0
1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2
2 os60 3 F F MF MF MFMF c MF MF MFMF + +
( )
2
2 2 2
0 0 0 0
5 5 5 5
2 5 6 3 3 3 36 3 9 9
3 3 9 3
x x x x
_ _
_
+ +

,
, ,
( )
2
2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0
5 33 165 4 4 33 4 3 4 3
20 9 9 9
3 5 5 9 9 5 9 3
x x x y x y
_
+ t t

,
- Nh vy : c 4 im tha mn .
Bi 70. Trong mat phang Oxy cho (E) co phng trnh : 4x
2
+ 9y
2
=
36.
Trang 33
a. . Cho 2 ng thang (D) : ax by = 0 va (D) : bx + ay = 0 (a
2
+ b
2
> 0). Tm giao iem E, F cua (D) vi (E) va giao iem P, Q cua (D)
vi (E). Tnh dien tch t giac EPFQ theo a, b.
b. Chng minh rng MPFQ lun ngoi tip m[tj ng trn c nh ? Vit phng trnh
ng trn c nh .
c. Cho iem M(1 ; 1). Viet phng trnh ng thang i qua M va
cat (E) tai hai iem A, B sao cho M la trung iem cua oan thang
AB
Gii
a. Hai ng thng (D) v (D') vung gc nhau .
- (D) giao vi (E) ti E,F c ta l nghim ca h :
2
2
2 2
4 9 36
4 9 36
ax-by=0
by
y
x y
a
by
x
a
_
+

+

,
' '

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
6 6 6 6
; , ;
9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4
b a b a
E F
a b a b a b a b
_ _

+ + + +
, ,
- Tng t (D') ct (E) ti P,Q vi ta l nghim:
2
2
2 2
4 9 36
4 9 36
ax+by=0
by
y
x y
a
by
x
a
_
+

+

,
' '

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
6 6 6 6
; , ;
9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4
b a b a
P Q
a b a b a b a b
_ _

+ + + +
, ,
- Tnh din tch tam gic EPFQ ;
Bi 71. Trong mat phang toa o Oxy, cho ho ng thang phu
thuoc tham so :
(x 1)cos + (y 1)sin 1 = 0
a. Tm tap hp caciem cua mat phang khong thuoc bat ky
ng thang nao cua ho.
b. Chng minh moi ng thang cua ho eu tiep xuc vi mot
ng tron co nh.
Gii
b. Gi ( )
0 0
; I x y
l im c nh . Khong cch t I n d c gi tr l :
( ) ( )
( )
0 0 0 0
2 2
0 0
1 os + y -1 sin 1 1 0 1 1
1 1;1
1 0 1 1
sin os
x c x x
I
y y
c

' '

+
- Vi kt qu trn chng t d lun tip xc vi ng trn (C) c tm I v bn knh bng 1 (
Khng ph thuc vo
. (C): ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1 x y +
Bi 72. Lap ph. trnh cac canh cua ABC, biet nh A(1 ; 3) va
hai ng trung tuyen xuat phat t B va C co ph.trnh la: x 2y
+1= 0 va y 1= 0.
Gii
Trang 34
Gi G l trng tm tam gic th t G l
nghim ca h ( )
2 1 0
1;1
1 0
x y
G
y
+
'

. E(x;y)
thuc (BC), theo tnh cht trng tm ta c :
( ) ( ) 0; 2 , 1; 1 2 GA GE x y GA GE
uuur uuur uuur uuur
( )
( )
( )
0 2 1
1; 0
2 2 1
x
E
y

'

. C thuc (CN) cho

nn C(t;1), B thuc (BM) cho nn B(2m-1;m) .
Do B,C i xng nhau qua E cho nn ta c h
phng trnh : ( ) ( )
2 1 2 5
5;1 , 3; 1
1 0 1
m t t
B C
m m
+

' '
+

. Vy (BC) qua E(1;0) c vc t
ch phng ( ) ( ) ( )
1
8; 2 // 4;1 : 4 1 0
4 1
x y
BC u BC x y

uuur r
. Tng t :
(AB) qua A(1;3) c ( ) ( ) ( )
1 3
4; 2 // 2; 1 : 2 7 0
2 1
x y
AB u AB x y

+
uuur r
.
(AC) qua A(1;3) c ( ) ( ) ( )
1 3
4; 4 // 1;1 : 2 0
1 1
x y
AC u AC x y

+
uuur r
* Ch : Hoc gi A' i xng vi A qua G suy ra A'(1;-1) th BGCA' l hnh bnh hnh ,
t ta tm c ta ca 2 nh B,C v cch lp cc cnh nh trn.
Bi 73. Trong mat phang vi he toa o Oxy, cho parabol (P) : y
2
=
8x.
a. Tm toa o tieu iem va viet phng trnh ng chuan cua
(P).
b. Viet p.trnh tiep tuyen cua (P) tai iem M thuoc (P) co tung
o bang 4.
c. Gia s ng thang (d) i qua tieu iem cua (P) va cat (P)
tai hai iem phan biet A, B co hoanh o tng ng la x
2
, x
2
.
Chng minh:AB = x
1
+x
2
+ 4.
Gii
a/ Tiu im ca (P) l F(2;0) , ng chun ca (P) c phng trnh : x=-2 .
b/ M thuc (P) c tung bng 4 th honh x=2 v M(2;4) . Vy tip tuyn d ca (P) ti
M ta p dng cng thc : ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
2; 4 : 4 4 2 2 yy p x x x y d y x y x + + +
.
c/ p dng cng thc bn knh qua tiu : MF= x+
2
p
. Gi ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y
vi gi tr ca
2 2
1 2
1 2
,
8 8
y y
x x . Ta c :
1 2 1 2
AF=x 2, 2 AF+BF=x 4 BF x AB x + + + +
( pcm)
Bi 74. Trong mat phang Oxy cho Elip (E) :
9x
2
+ 25y
2
= 225.
a. Viet phng trnh chnh tac va xac nh cac tieu iem, tam
sai cua (E).
Trang 35
A(1;3)
B
C
M
N
x-2y+1=0
y-1=0
G
E
A'
b. Mot ng tron (T) co tam I(0 ; 1) va i qua iem A(4 ; 2).
Viet phng trnh ng tron va chng to (T) i qua hai tieu
iem cua (E).
c. Gi A, B la 2 iem thuoc (E) sao cho OA OB.chng minh din tch tam
gic OAB khng i
Gii
a/ (E) : ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2
4
1 5, 3, 4 4; 0 , 4; 0 ,
25 9 5
x y
a b c F F e +
b/ V (E) chn x,y cho nn Ox,Oy l hai trc i xng v vy
1 2
IF IF 17 (1) . ng trn
(T) tm I(0;1) c bn knh R=IA=
( )
2
2
4 2 1 17 + (2) . T (1) v (2) chng t (T) qua 2
tiu im ca (E) .
c/. Gi ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2
; , ; 1, 1 *
25 9 25 9
x y x y
A x y B x y E + + . V gc hp bi OA v chiu
dng ca Ox l ( )
2
xOB OA OB
+ R
Khi :
( ) ( ) os ;OAsin , os ; sin sin ; os
2 2
A OAc B OBc OB OB OBc

1
_ _
+ +
1
, , ]
Thay vo (*) :
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
os sin sin os
1, 1
25 9 25 9
OA c OA OB OA c
+ + . T ta suy ra :
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
25.9 25.9 1 25 9 34 15
,
25sin 9cos 25cos 9sin 25.9 225 34
OA OB OH
OH
+

+ +
Vy khi A,B thay i nhng khong cch t O n AB khng i v AB khng i ( v OA
lun vung gc vi OB) cho nn din tch tam gic OAB khng i .
Bi 75. Cho ABC co nh A(2 ; 1) va hai ng phan giac trong
cua goc B, goc C co phng trnh lan lt la (d
B
) : x 2y + 1 = 0
va (d
C
) : x + y + 3 = 0. Lap phng trnh canh BC.
Gii
- Gi A' i xng vi A qua
B
d
v A'' i xng vi A qua
C
d
th A' v A'' nm trn BC .
+/ Tm ta A' (x;y):
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 1 1 0
2 3
AA' 0
' 0;3
2 1
2 6 2 1 0
2 2
B
x y
x y
u
A
x y
x y
I d
+ +
+

' ' ' +
_
+

,
uuurr

+/ Tm ta A'' (x;y) :
( ) ( )
( )
2 1 1 0
3
AA'' 0
'' 2; 5
2 1
7 3 0
2 2
B
x y
x y
u
A
x y
x y
I d
+

' ' ' +
_
+ + +

,
uuuurr
+/ (BC) qua A'(0;3) c vc t ch phng ( ) ( ) ( )
3
' '' 2; 8 // 1; 4 :
1 4
x y
A A u BC

uuuuur r
Bi 76. Tm iem M (H) : 5x
2
4y
2
= 20 (1) nhn hai tieu iem di
mot goc 120.
Gii
- Ta c : (H) : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
1 3; 0 , 3; 0 6, ; 1
4 5 4 5
x y x y
F F FF M x y H
Trang 36
- V : ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
1
2 2
1 2 1 2
2
2 2
2
3
3; , 3; , 9
3
MF x y
MF x y MF x y MF MF x y
MF x y
+ +
+ +
'
+
uuuur uuuur uuuuruuuur

(*)
- Mt khc : ( ) ( )
2
1 2 1 2
4 4
2 , 2 2 2 2 2 4 1
2 2
MF x MF x MFMF x x x + +
- Tam gic M
1 2
FF
: ( )
2
2 2 0
1 2 1 2 1 2
2 os120 FF MF MF MFMF c +
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
6
1 7 2
36 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 7 2
8
1 2 7
3
x
x x
x x x x x
x x x

+ + +
2 2
1 2 3 4
2 2
4 10 6
10 10 10 10
6; , 6; , 6; , 6;
20 10
2 2 2 2 4 0
3 4
y x
M M M M
y y

_ _ _ _

'

<
, , , ,

Bi 77. Trong mat phang Oxy cho (E) : x
2
+ 3y
2
= 12
a. Tnh o dai truc ln, truc nho, toa o hai tieu iem, tam sai
cua (E).
b. Cho ng thang (D) : mx 3y + 9 = 0. Tnh m e (D) tiep xuc
vi (E).
c. Viet phng trnh Parabol co nh trung vi goc toa o va
co tieu iem trung vi tieu iem ben trai cua (E) a cho.
Gii
a/ (E) :
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2
1 2 3, 2, 2 2 2 2; 0 , 2 2; 0
12 4
x y
a b c F F +
b/ iu kin cn v d tip xc vi (E) :
2 2 2 2 2
a A b B C +
2 2 2
45 15 15
12 4.9 81 12 45
12 4 2
m m m m +
c/ (P) c dng :
( )
2
2 2 2; 0 2 2 4 2
2
p
y px F p
- Vy (P) c tiu im trng vi tiu im bn tri ca (E) :
2
8 2 y x
Bi 78. Trong mp Oxy, cho Cho (H) co phng trnh : 24x
2
25y
2
= 600
(1) va M la mot iem tuy y tren (H).
a) Tm toa o cac nh, toa o cac tieu iem va tnh tam sai
cua (H).
b) Tm toa o cua ieM thuoc (H) co hoanh o x = 10 va tnh
khoang cach t iem o en 2 tieu iem.
c) Chng minh rang : OM
2
MF
1
.MF
2
la mot so khong oi.
d) Tm cac gia tr cua k e ng thang y = kx 1 co iem
chung vi (H).
Gii
a/ (H) : ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2
1 5, 2 6, 7 7; 0 , 7; 0
25 24
x y
a b c F F
b/ Khi x=10 thay vo (1) ta c ( ) ( )
2
1 2
72 6 2 0; 6 2 , 10; 6 2 y y M M t
- Tnh khong cch :
1 2
7 7 7
5 5 10 19, 5 10 9
5 5 5
MF x MF + +
Trang 37
c/ Ta c :
2
1 2
1 2
2
1 2 1 2
49
7 7
25: 0
5 , 5 : 0
25
5 5
49 7 7
25 : 0 5 , 5 : 0
25 5 5
MFMF x x
MF x MF x x
MFMF x x MF x MF x x
>
+ + >

< <

,
2 2
2 2 2
2
1 2
2 2
2 2 2
49
25 : 0
25: 0
25 24
25
24
49
25 : 0
25 : 0
25
25 24
x y
x
x y x x
OM MFMF
x y
x y x x
x
_
>
+ + >
_
_
+ + <

<

,

,
d/ Tm k phng trnh : ( )
2
2
24 25 1 600 0 x kx ( c nghim x )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2
2 6
5
24 25 0
2 6
24 25 0 24 25 50 575 0 :
5
' 25 575 24 25 0.
577
5 23
k
k
k k x kx x
k
k
k
+
t

'
+ > '

Bi 79. Trong mat phang Oxy cho Hyperbol (H) : 12x

2
16y
2
= 192
va iem P(2 ; 1). Viet phng trnh ng thang i qua P va
cat (H) tai 2 iem M, N sao cho P la trung iem cua MN.
Gii
(H):
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2
1 4, 2 3, 2 7 2 7; 0 , 2 7; 0
16 12
x y
a b c F F . Gi M(x;y) thuc (H) v
N i xng vi M qua P(2;1) th N(4-x; 2-y) . tha mn yu cu bi ton th N phi
thuc (H)., do ta c h :
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
1 1
16 12
4 2
1 2
16 12
x y
x y
'

. Ly (2)-(1) ta c phng trnh rt

gn : 3x-2y-4=0 . cng chnh l phng trnh ng thng qua P .
Bi 80. Trong mat phang Oxy cho (E) : 4x
2
+ y
2
= 4.
a. Tnh o dai truc ln, truc nho, toa o hai tieu iem, tam sai
cua (E).
b. Tm cac gia tr cua m e ng thang y = x + m cat (E) tai 2
iem phan biet M, N khi m thay oi. Tm tap hp cac trung iem
cua MN
Gii
a/ (E):
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2
1 1, 2, 3 0; 3 , 0; 3
1 4
x y
a b c F F + . Tiu im thuc Oy .
b/ ng thng y=x+m ct (E) ti 2 im M,N c t l nghim ca h :
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
5 2 4 0 1
4 4 4 4
2
x mx m
x y x x m
y x m y x m
y x m
+ +
+ + +

' ' '
+ +
+

- Nh vy honh ca M,N l 2 nghim ca (1) vi iu kin :
2
' 4 20 0 m + > , hay :
Trang 38
( ) 5 * m <
. Gi ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; M x y N x y
v I l trung im ca MN th ta c ta I l :
1 2
1 2
5
2
5
5 4
2
I
I I
I I I I
I I I
x x
m x
m x x
y y y x x x
y x m y
+

' ' '
+
Do I chy trn ng thng : y=-4x .

- Gii hn qu tch : T (*) :
5
5 5 5
5
I I
m x x < < <
- Kt lun : Khi m thay i I chy trn ng thng d: y=-4x ( ch ly nhng im c honh
nm trong khong
5 5
;
5 5
_

,
.
Bi 81. Trong mp Oxy cho parabol (P) : y
2
= 12x.
a. Tm toa o tieu iem F va phng trnh ng chuan () cua
(P).
b. Mot iem nam tren parabol co hoanh o x = 2. Hay tnh
khoang cach t iem o en tieu iem.
c. Qua iem I(2 ; 0) ve 1 ng thang thay oi cat (P) tai A va B.
Chng minh rang tch so khoang cach t A va B en truc Ox
la mot hang so.
Gii
a/ Vi p=6 th p/2=3 v F(3;0) . ng chun c phng trnh : x=-3 .
b/ Gi M
(P) c x=2 th tung M l : ( ) ( )

2
1 2
24 2 6 2; 2 6 , 2; 2 6 y y M M t
- Khong cch t M n tiu im : MF=x+
1 2
2 2 6, 2 2 6
2
p
MF MF +
c/ ng thng d qua I(2;0) c dng : x=2 (//Oy ) ct (P) ti 2 im hin nhin khong cch
t 2 im ny ti Ox bng nhay ( v chng i xng nhau qua Ox ). Gi d c h s gc k
qua I (2;0) th d : y=k(x-2)=kx-2k (1) . Nu d ct (P) ti 2 im th honh ca 2 im l 2
nghim ca phng trnh : ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
2 12 4 3 4 0(1) kx k x k x k x k + +
- Hoc tung ca 2 im l 2 nghim ca phng trnh :
2
12 2
y
y
k
_
+

,
( )
2
12 2 0 2 ky y k
- Tch khong cch t 2 im n trc Ox chnh l tch ca 2 tung ca hai im . Vy t
(2) ta c :
1 2
2
2
k
y y
k

l mt hng s ( pcm)
Bi 82. Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen cua (E) : 1
18
y
32
x
2 2
+ , biet tiep
tuyen i qua A(6 ; 3 2 ).
Gii
Bi 83. a. Cho Parabol (P) co phng trnh y
2
= x va ng thang d
co phng trnh : 2x y 1 = 0. Hay viet phng trnh tiep tuyen
cua (P) tai cac giao iem cua (P) va d.
b. Lap phng trnh tiep tuyen chung cua (P) : y
2
= 4x va (E) :
1
2
y
8
x
2 2
+
Trang 39
Gii
a/ im chung d v (P) c ta l nghim ca h :
: ( )
2 2
2 1 0 1 1
1;1 , ;
4 2 2 1 2 1
y x y y
A B
x y x y

_

' '

+ + ,

- Phng trnh tip tuyn c : ( ) ( )
0 0
1
:1. 1 2 1 0
2
A
yy p x x d y x x y + + +
. V
1 1 1 1
: 0
2 2 4 4
B
d y x x y
_
+ + +

,
.
b/ Gi d l tip tuyn chung ca (P) v (E) c dng : ax+by+c=0
- d l tip tuyn (P) : p
2
B =2AC
2
2
b =2ac , hay :
2
b =ac (1)
- d l tip tuyn (E) : ( )
2 2 2
8 2 2 a b c +
.
- Thay b t (1) thay vo (2) : ( )
2 2 2 2
2
8 2 0 8 2 0
4
c a
a ac c a ac c
c a

+ +

- T (1) a,c cng du cho nn chn : c=4a hay :
ac=
2 2
2 : ax+2ay+4a=0 x+2y+4=0
4
2 : ax-2ay+4a=0 x-2y+4=0
b a d
a b
b a d

Bi 84. Cho tam gic ABC c trung im AB l I(1;3), trung im AC l J(-3;1). im A

thuc Oy , v ng thng BC i qua gc ta O . Tm ta im A , phng trnh
ng thng BC v ng cao v t B ?
Gii
- Do A thuc Oy cho nn A(0;m). (BC) qua gc
ta O cho nn (BC): ax+by=0 (1).
- V IJ l 2 trung im ca (AB) v (AC) cho nn
IJ //BC suy ra (BC) c vc t ch phng :
( ) ( ) ( ) IJ 4; 2 // 2;1 : 2 0 u BC x y
ur r
.
- B thuc (BC) suy ra B(2t;t) v A(2-2t;6-t) .
Nhng A thuc Oy cho nn : 2-2t=0 , t=1 v
A(0;5). Tng t C(-6;-3) ,B(0;1).
- ng cao BH qua B(0;1) v vung gc vi AC
cho nn c ( ) ( ) ( )
1
6; 8 // 3; 4 : 4 3 3 0
3 4
x y
AC u BH x y
+
uuur r
Bi 85. Cho hai im A(1;1), B(4;-3) v ng thng d : x-2y-1=0.
a. Tm ta im C trn d sao cho khong cch t C n ng thng AB=6( HKB-04)
b. Tm ta trc tm v tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic OAB ?( HKA-2004)
Gii
a/ (AB) qua A(1;1) c ( ) ( )
1 1
3; 4 : 4 3 7 0
3 4
x y
u AB AB x y

+
r uuur
- C thuc : x-2y-1=0 suy ra C(2t+1;t ) do :
( ) 4 2 1 3 7
6 11 3 30
5
t t
t
+ +

( )
1
2
3 7;3
27 43 27
;
11 11 11
t C
t C

b/ - ng thng qua O vung gc vi AB c phng trnh : 3x-4y=0.

Trang 40
I(1;3)
J(-3;1)
A
B C
ax+by=0
H
- ng thng qua B v vung gc vi OA c phng trnh : (x-4)+(y+3)=0.
- ng thng qua A v vung gc vi OB c phng trnh : 4(x-1)-3(y-1)=0
hay : 4x-3y-1=0
- Vy ta trc tm H l nghim :
( )
4
3 4 1 0
3 4 0
4 3
7
1 0 1 ;
3 7 7
4 3 1 0 4 3 1 0
7
x x
x y
x
x y y x H
y
x y x y
_
+
' ' '

,

- Gi s ng trn ngoi tip tam gic (C):

2 2
2 2 0 x y ax by c + +
- (C) qua O(0;0) suy ra c=0 (1)
- (C) qua A(1;1) suy ra : 2-2a-2b=0 , hay : a+b=1 (2)
- (C) qua B(4;-3) suy ra : 25-8a+6b=0 , hay : 8a-6b=25 (3)
- T (2) v (3) ta c h :
31 17
1
1 1
14 14
8 6 25 8 6(1 ) 25 31 31
14 14
b b
a b b a
a b a a
a a

+

' ' ' '

- Vy (C) :
2 2
31 17
0
7 4
x y x y + +
Bi 86. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng thng d : x+2y-3=0 v hai im A(1;0)
,B(3;-4). Hy tm trn d im M sao cho :
3 MA MB +
uuur uuur
nh nht
Gii
- Trn d c M(3-2t;t) suy ra : ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 ; , 2 ; 4 3 6 3 12 MA t t MB t t MB t t + + +
uuur uuur uuur
- Do vy : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 2 8 ; 4 12 3 2 8 4 12 MA MB t t MA MB t t + + + + +
uuur uuur uuur uuur
- Hay : f(t)=
2
2
2 676 26
3 80 64 148 80
5 5 5
MA MB t t t
_
+ + + + +

,
uuur uuur
. Du ng thc xy ra
khi t=
2 19 2
;
5 5 5
M
_

,
. Khi min(t)=
26
5
.
Bi 87. Trong mt phng Oxy cho im M(2;-1) v ng trn
( )
2 2
1
: 9 C x y +
(1) .Hy
vit phng trnh ng trn ( )
2
: C
c bn knh bng 4 v ct ng trn ( )
1
C
theo dy
cung qua M c di nh nht .
Gii
Gi ( )
2
: C
c tm I'(a;b) suy ra :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2
: 16 2 2 16 0 1 C x a y b x y ax by a b + + + +
Ly (1) -(2) ta c : ( )
2 2
2 2 7 0 ax by a b + + +
( chnh l ng thng trc ng phng )
Dy cung ca hai ng trn nm trn ng thng ny .
V dy cung qua M(2;-1) ln ta c : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
4 2 7 0 2 1 12 a b a b a b + + + +
Bi 88. Trong mt phng Oxy cho im A(2;5),B(5;1) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d
qua A sao cho khong cch t B n d bng 3.
Gii
ng thng d qua A(2;5) c ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ; : 2 5 0 1 n a b d a x b y +
r
Trang 41
Theo gi thit : ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2
5 2 1 5
, 3 3 4 9
a b
h B d a b a b
a b
+
+
+
( )
( ) ( )
2
0 : 2 0 2 0
7 24 0
24 24
2 5 0 7 24 114 0
7 7
b d a x x
b ab
a
b x y x y

+ +
Bi 89. Trong (Oxy) cho A(2;5) v ng thng d : 2x+3y+4=0. Vit phng trnh tng
qut ca ng thng d' qua A v to vi d mt gc bng
0
45 .
Gii
ng thng d' qua A(2;5) c ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ; : 2 5 0 1 n a b d a x b y +
r
ng thng d c vc t php tuyn ( ) ' 2;3 n
ur
. Theo gi thit th :
( ) ( )
2
0 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 3 1
cos45 2 2 3 13 5 24 5 0
2
13
a b
a b a b b ab a
a b
+
+ + +
+
Ta c :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
5 ' : 2 5 5 0 5 23 0
' 169
5 ' : 5 2 5 0 5 15 0
5
b
b a d x y x y
a
a
b a b d x y x y
+
+ +
Bi 90. Trong (Oxy) cho hnh ch nht ABCD , bit phng trnh cha 2 ng cho l
1
: 7 4 0 d x y +
v
2
: 2 0 d x y +
. Vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh hnh ch
nht , bit ng thng i qua im M(-3;5).
Gii
- Tm ca hnh ch nht c ta l nghim ca h :
7 4 0
1 9
;
2 0 4 4
x y
I
x y
+
_
'

+
,
Gi d l ng thng qua M(-3;5 ) c vc t php tuyn : ( ) ; n a b

r
. Khi
( ) ( ) ( ) : 3 5 0 1 d a x b y + +
. Gi cnh hnh vung (AB) qua M th theo tnh cht hnh ch
nht :
1 2
2 2 2 2
1 2
3 7
7 5
3
50 2
nn nn
a b a b a b
a b a b
b a
n n n n a b a b
+
+

+ +
rur ruur
r ur r uur
Do :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 : 3 3 5 0 3 14 0
3 3 3 5 0 3 12 0
a b d x y x y
b a x y x y
+ + +
+ + +

) 5 ; 2 ( , ) 1 ; 1 ( B A
,
nh C nm trn ng thng 0 4 x , v trng tm G ca tam gic nm
trn ng thng
0 6 3 2 + y x
. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
HD
Ta c
) ; 4 (
C
y C
. Khi ta G l
3
2
3
5 1
, 1
3
4 2 1
C C
G G
y y
y x +
+ +

+
. im G nm
trn ng thng
0 6 3 2 + y x
nn
0 6 6 2 +
C
y
, vy
2
C
y
, tc l:
) 2 ; 4 ( C
. Ta c ) 1 ; 3 ( , ) 4 ; 3 ( AC AB , vy 5 AB , 10 AC ,
5 . AC AB
.
Din tch tam gic ABC l ( ) 25 10 . 25
2
1
. .
2
1
2
2 2
AC AB AC AB S =
2
15
Bi 92. . Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC, vi
) 2 ; 1 ( , ) 1 ; 2 ( B A
, trng tm G ca tam gic nm trn ng thng
0 2 + y x
. Tm ta nh C bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 13,5 .
HD
Trang 42
. V G nm trn ng thng
0 2 + y x
nn G c ta
) 2 ; ( t t G
. Khi
) 3 ; 2 ( t t AG , ) 1 ; 1 ( AB Vy din tch tam gic ABG l
( ) [ ] 1 ) 3 ( ) 2 ( 2
2
1
. .
2
1
2 2
2
2 2
+ t t AB AG AB AG S =
2
3 2 t
Nu din tch tam gic ABC bng 13,5 th din tch tam gic ABG bng
5 , 4 3 : 5 , 13
.
Vy 5 , 4
2
3 2
t
, suy ra 6 t hoc 3 t . Vy c hai im G :
) 1 ; 3 ( , ) 4 ; 6 (
2 1
G G . V G l trng tm tam gic ABC nn
) ( 3
B a G C
x x x x +
v
) ( 3
B a G C
y y y y +
.
Vi ) 4 ; 6 (
1
G ta c ) 9 ; 15 (
1
C , vi ) 1 ; 3 (
2
G ta c ) 18 ; 12 (
2
C
Bi 93. . Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hai ng thng:
3 8 0 x y + +
,
' :3 4 10 0 x y +
v im A(-2 ; 1). Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc ng thng ,
i qua im A v tip xc vi ng thng .
HD
Tm I ca ng trn thuc nn I(-3t 8; t)
Theo yc th k/c t I n bng k/c IA nn ta c
2 2
2 2
3( 3 8) 4 10
( 3 8 2) ( 1)
3 4
t t
t t
+
+ +
+
Gii tip c t = -3
Khi I(1; -3), R = 5 v pt cn tm: (x 1)
2
+ (y + 3)
2
= 25.
Bi 94. . Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn hai ng trn :
2 2
( ) : 2 2 1 0, C x y x y + +
2 2
( ') : 4 5 0 C x y x + + cng i qua M(1; 0).
Vit phng trnh ng thng qua M ct hai ng trn
( ), ( ') C C
ln lt ti A, B sao cho
MA= 2MB.
HD
+ Gi tm v bn knh ca (C), (C) ln lt l I(1; 1) , I(-2; 0) v
1, ' 3 R R
, ng
thng (d) qua M c phng trnh
2 2
( 1) ( 0) 0 0, ( 0)(*) a x b y ax by a a b + + + .
+ Gi H, H ln lt l trung im ca AM, BM.
Khi ta c:
2 2 2 2
2 2 ' ' ' MA MB IA IH I A I H
( ) ( )
2 2
1 ( ; ) 4[9 ( '; ) ] d I d d I d ,
. IA IH >
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
9
4 ( '; ) ( ; ) 35 4. 35
a b
d I d d I d
a b a b

+ +
2 2
2 2
2 2
36
35 36
a b
a b
a b

+
D thy 0 b nn chn
6
1
6

a
b
a
.
Kim tra iu kin IA IH > ri thay vo (*) ta c hai ng thng tho m n.
Bi 95. . Tam gic cn ABC c y BC nm trn ng thng : 2x 5y + 1 = 0, cnh bn AB
nm trn ng thng : 12x y 23 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng AC bit rng n i qua
im (3;1)
HD
Trang 43
Bi 96. . Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy. Cho elip (E) :
0 4 4
2 2
+ y x
.Tm nhng
im N trn elip (E) sao cho :
0
2 1
60
F N F ( F
1
, F
2
l hai tiu im ca elip (E) )
HD
+ (C) c tm I(2 , 1) v bn knh R = 6
+
B A B M A , ( 90
l cc tip im ) suy ra :
12 2 . 2 . R MA MI
Vy M thuc ng trn tm I bn knh R
/
= 12 v M thuc d nn M( x , y) c ta
tha h:

( ) ( )
'
'
'
+ +
+
2 1
2
2 1
2
0 1
12 1 2
2 2
y
x
y
x
y x
y x
Vy c 2 im tha yu cu bi ton c ta nu trn
Bi 97. . Trong mp (Oxy) cho ng thng () c phng trnh: x 2y 2 = 0 v hai
im A (-1;2); B (3;4). Tm im M
() sao cho 2MA

2
+ MB
2
c gi tr nh nht
HD
M (2 2; ), (2 3; 2), (2 1; 4) M t t AM t t BM t t + +
uuuur uuuur
2 2 2
2 15 4 43 ( ) AM BM t t f t + + +
Min f(t) =
2
15
f
_

,
=> M
26 2
;
15 15
_

,
Bi 98. . Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x
2
+ y
2
- 2x - 2my + m
2
- 24 = 0 c tm I v ng thng : mx + 4y = 0. Tm m bit ng thng ct ng
trn (C) ti hai im phn bit A,B tha mn din tch tam gic IAB bng 12.
HD
ng trn (C) c tm I(1; m), bn knh R = 5.
Gi H l trung im ca dy cung AB.
Ta c IH l ng cao ca tam gic IAB.
IH =
2 2
| 4 | | 5 |
( , )
16 16
m m m
d I
m m
+

+ +
ng thng AC i qua im (3 ; 1) nn c phng trnh : a(x 3) + b( y 1) = 0 (a
2
+ b
2
0)
Gc ca n to vi BC bng gc ca AB to vi BC nn :
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2a 5b 2.12 5.1
2 5 . a b 2 5 . 12 1
+
+ + + +

2 2
2a 5b
29
5
a b

+
( ) ( )
2
2 2
5 2a 5b 29 a b +
9a
2
+ 100ab 96b
2
= 0
a 12b
8
a b
9

Nghim a = -12b cho ta ng thng song song vi AB ( v im ( 3 ; 1) khng thuc AB) nn

khng phi l cnh tam gic . Vy cn li : 9a = 8b hay a = 8 v b = 9
Phng trnh cn tm l : 8x + 9y 33 = 0
Trang 44
I
A B

H
5
2
2 2
2
2
(5 ) 20
25
16
16
m
AH IA IH
m
m

+
+
Din tch tam gic IAB l
12 2 12 S
IAB IAH
S

2
3
( , ). 12 25 | | 3( 16)
16
3
m
d I AH m m
m
t
Bi 99. . Cho ng trn (C): x

2
+ y
2
2x + 4y + 2 = 0.
Vit phng trnh ng trn (C') tm M(5, 1) bit (C') ct (C) ti cc im A, B sao cho
3 AB .
HD

Phng trnh ng trn (C): x
2
+ y
2
2x + 4y + 2 = 0 c tm I(1, 2) 3 R
ng trn (C') tm M ct ng trn (C) ti A, B nn AB IM ti trung im H ca
on AB. Ta c
2
3
2
AB
BH AH . C 2 v tr cho AB i xng qua tm I.
Gi A'B' l v tr th 2 ca AB, Gi H' l trung im ca A'B'
Ta c:
2
2 2
3 3
IH' IH IA AH 3
2 2
_

,
,
( ) ( )
2 2
MI 5 1 1 2 5 + +
Vy c 2 ng trn (C') tha ycbt l: (x 5)
2
+ (y 1)
2
= 13
hay (x 5)
2
+ (y 1)
2
= 43
Bi 100. . Trong mt phng Oxy cho elip (E):
2 2
1
4 3
x y
+ v ng thng
:3x + 4y =12. T im M bt k trn k ti (E) cc tip tuyn MA,
MB. Chng minh rng ng thng AB lun i qua mt im c nh.
HD
Gi M(x
0
;y
0
), A(x
1
;y
1
), B(x
2
;y
2
) . Tip tuyn ti A c dng :
1 1
1
4 3
xx yy
+
Tip tuyn i qua M nn :
0 1 0 1
1
4 3
x x y y
+
(1)
Ta thy ta ca A v B u tha mn (1) nn ng thng AB c pt :
0 0
1
4 3
xx yy
+
do M thuc nn 3x
0
+ 4y
0
=12
4y
0
=12-3x
0

0 0
4 4
4
4 3
xx yy
+
,
0 0
4 (12 3 )
4
4 3
xx y x
+
Gi F(x;y) l im c nh m AB i qua vi mi M th : (x- y)x
0
+ 4y -
4 = 0
{ {
0 1
4 4 0 1
x y y
y x

. Vy AB lun i qua im c nh F(1;1)
Bi 101. . Trong mt phng Oxy cho ba ng thng
1
: 4 9 0, d x y +
Trang 45
2
: 2 6 0, d x y +
3
: 2 0 d x y +
. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh thoi ABCD, bit
hnh thoi ABCD c din tch bng 15, cc nh A,C thuc 3
d
, B thuc 1
d
v D thuc 2
d
.
HD
ng cho (BD) vung gc vi (AC) cho nn (BD c dng : x+y+m=0
(BD) ct
1
d
ti B c ta l nghim ca h :
0
9 4 9
;
4 9 0 3 3
x y m
m m
B
x y
+ + + +
_

'

+
,
(BD) ct
2
d
ti D c ta l nghim ca h :
0
6 2 6
;
2 6 0 3 3
x y m
m m
D
x y
+ + + +
_

'

+
,
Trung im I ca BD l tm hnh thoi c ta l :

1 2 1
;
2 2
m
I
+
_

,
Theo gi thit I thuc (AC) : ( )
1 2 1
2 0 3 : 3 0
2 2
m
m BD x y
+
+ + +
v ta cc
im B(2;1),D(-1;4) v I
1 5
;
2 2
_

,
. Gi A(t;t+2) thuc (AC) . Suy ra : ( )
2 3
, ( )
2
t t
h A AC
+ +
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 3;5 2; 0
2 1 2 1
1
2 . , 3 2 15
2 2 2; 0 3;5 2 2
t A C
t t
S BD h A AC
t A C

Bi 102. Trong (Oxy) cho ng trn (C):

2 2
3
2
x y +
v
( )
2
: P y x
. Tm trn (P) cc
im M m t k c 2 tip tuyn n (C) v 2 tip tuyn to vi nhau mt gc
0
60
Gii
Gi M( ) ( )
2
0 0 0 0
; x y P y x
. d l ng thng tip tuyn ca (P) ti M th d c phng
trnh : ( )
0 0 0 0
1
2 0
2
y y x x x y y x + +
. d l tip tuyn k t M n (C) th iu kin
cn v l :
Bi 103. Trong (Oxy) cho . thng d: 3x-y+5=0 v ng trn (C):
2 2
2 6 9 0 x y x y + + +
.
Tm im M thuc (C) v im N thuc d sao cho MN c di nh nht ?
Gii
(C) : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 3 1 1;3 , 1 x y I R + +
- Gi d' //d th d': 3x-y+m=0 . d' tip xc vi (C) ti M ( M l im cch d nh nht ) , khi
: ( )
6 10 ' : 3 6 10 0 3 3
; ' 1 6 10
10
6 10 ' : 3 6 10 0
m d x y m
h I d R m
m d x y
+ + + +

+
Gi s N' thuc d ta lun c :

2 2
' M N M N
. Du bng
ch xy ra khi N' trng vi N . Vy ta ch cn lp
ng thng qua I(-1;3) v vung gc vi d suy ra
ng thng
1 3
:
3
x t
y t
+
'

. Khi ct d' ti 2
im :
( ) ( )
1
3 1 3 3 6 10 0
10
t t t + + +
.
V
( ) ( )
1
3 1 3 3 6 10 0
10
t t t + +
.
Trang 46
d'
d'
d:3x-y+5=0
M
M
N
N'
I(-1;3)
Do vy ta tm c 2 im M :
1
3 1
1;3
10 10
M
_

,
, v
2
3 1
1 ;3
10 10
M
_
+

,
. Tng t
ct d ti N c ta l nghim :

1 3
1 7 29
3 ;
10 10 10
3 5 0
x t
y t t N
x y
+
_

'

,
. Ta chn M bng cch tnh

1 2
, M N M N
, sau so
snh : Nu
1 2
M N M N >
th M l
2
M
. Cn
1 2
M N M N <
th M l
1
M
.
Bi 104. Trong (Oxy) cho ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
: 1 3 1 C x y + +
v im
1 7
;
5 5
M
_

,
. Tm trn (C) im
N sao cho MN c di ln nht ?
Gii
(C) vit di dng tham s : ( ) ( )
1 sin
1 sin ;3 ost
3 ost
x t
N C N t c
y c
+
+ +
'
+
Khi :
2 2
2 2
6 8 12 16
sin ost sin os sin ost+4
5 5 5 5
MN t c t c t t c
_ _
+ + + +

, ,
( )
12 16 12 16
sin ost+5 5 4 sin ost *
5 5 20 20
t c t c
_
+

,
. V :
2 2
12 16
1
20 20
_ _
+

, ,
,
12 3 16 4
os ;sin =
20 5 20 5
c
th (*) tr thnh : ( ) 5 4sin 5 4 1 t +
Du ng thc xy ra khi : ( ) sin 1 2
2
t t k
+ + +
Do vy :
3 3 2
sin sin os = 1 sin 1
2 5 5 5
t c x t

_
+ +

,
Tng t :
4 4 19 2 19
ost=cos sin 3 ost=3+ ;
2 5 5 5 5 5
c y c N

_ _
+

, ,
Bi 105. Tnh din tch tam gic u ni tip (E):
2 2
1
16 4
x y
+ , nhn A(0;2) lm nh v trc
Oy lm trc i xng ?
Gii
Do ABC l tam gic u , A(0;2) thuc Oy l trc
i xng cho nn B,C phi nm trn ng thng
y=m (//Ox) ct (E) . V th ta ca B,C l
nghim ca h :
2 2 2 2
4 16 64 16 4 0
y m y m
x y x m

' '
+

2
2 0
16 4
y m
m
x m

'
. Ta c :
2 2 2 2
4 16 4 20 , 2 16 AC x m m BC m + +
Do vy ABC u khi :AC=BC ( )
2 2 2 2 2
44
20 2 16 20 4 16
3
m m m m m
Vy :
2 33
3
m , suy ra ( )
2 2
1 1 1 1
. . 3 3 3.4 16
2 2 2 2
ABC
S BC AH BC BC BC m
Trang 47
A(0;2)
B C
y=m
H
O
x
y
Hay :
44 8 3
2 3. 16
3 3
ABC
S
_

,

Bi 106. Tnh din tch tam gic u ni tip (P):
2
2 y x
, nhn nh ca (P) lm nh v
trc Ox lm trc i xng ?
Gii
(P) c tiu im F
1
; 0
2
_

,
. Nu Ox lm trc i xng th B,C nm trn ng thng : x=m
( song song vi Oy) . Do vy ta ca B,C l nghim ca h :
2 2
2 2 y x y m
x m x m

' '

( ) ( )
2
; 2 , ; 2 2 2
0
y m
B m m C m m BC m
x m
t

'
>
V OBC l tam gic u : ( ) ( )

2 2 2 2
2 4 2 6 0 6 0 OB BC m m m m m m m + >
Vy
( ) ( )
2
1 1 3 3
. . 3 4 2 4 2.6 24 3
2 2 2 2
OBC
S BC OH BC m (vdt)
Bi 107. Trong (Oxy) cho im M(1;2) . Lp phng trnh ng thng d qua M ct
Ox,Oy ln lt ti A,B sao cho din tch tam gic OAB nh nht .
Gii
ng thng dng : x=1 v y=2 khng ct 2 trc ta . Cho nn gi d l ng thng qua
M(1;2) c h s gc k( khc 0) th d : y=k(x-1)+2 , hay y=kx+2-k .
ng thng d ct Ox ti A
2
; 0
k
k
_

,
v ct Oy ti B(0;2-k)
Do :
2
1 2 1 4 4 1 4
2 4
2 2 2
OAB
k k k
S k k
k k k
+
+
(1)
Xt f(k)= ( )
2
4 4
4 ' 1 0 2 k f k k
k k
+ t
Ta c bng bin thin :
k -
-2 0 2 +
f'(k) + 0 - - 0 +
f(k)
-
-16
-6
+
Cn c vo bng bin thin ta c macx

( ) 16 f k
t c khi k=-2 . Khi ng thng
d : y=-2(x-1)+2 , hay y=-2x+4 v A(2;0) v B(0;4) .
Bi 108. Trong (Oxy) cho tam gic ABC, bit ba chn ng cao tng ng vi 3 nh
A,B,C l A'(1;1),B'(-2;3),C'(2;4). Vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh (BC).
Gii
Do l cc ng cao cho nn t gic AC'IB' l t gic
ni tip trong ng trn c ng knh l AI , C'B' l
mt dy cung v vy AA' vung gc vi C'B' . Vy
(BC) qua A'(1;1) v c vc t php tuyn
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ' ' 4; 1 // 4;1 : 4 1 1 0 C B n BC x y +
uuuuur r
4 5 0 x y +
.
Tng t nh lp lun trn ta tm ra phng trnh cc
cnh ca tam gic ABC :
Trang 48
A
A'(1;1)
B
B'(-2;3)
C
C'(2;4)
I
(AB) : 3x-2y+2=0 ....
Bi 109. Trong (Oxy) cho hai im ( ) ( )
2 3; 2 , 2 3; 2 A B
a/ Chng t tam gic OAB l tam gic u
b/ Chng minh rng tp hp cc im M sao cho :
2 2 2
32 MO MA MB + + l mt ng trn
(C).
c/ Chng t (C) l ng trn ngoi tip tam gic OAB.
Gii
a/ Ta c :
( )
2
2
2 3 2 4, 4, 4 OA OB AB + . Chng t OAB l tam gic u .
b/ Gi M(x;y) th ng thc gi thit cho tng ng vi biu thc :
Ta c :
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
, 4 3 4 16, 4 3 4 16 MO x y MA x y x y MB x y x y + + + + + +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
8 3
32 3 3 8 3 32 32 0
3
MO MA MB x y x x y x + + + + +
2 2
2
4 3 4 3
3 3
x y
_ _
+

, ,
. Chng t l ng trn (C) c tm
4 3 4 3
; 0 ,
3 3
I R
_

,
c/ Thay ta O,A,B vo (1) ta thy tha mn , chng t (C) l ng trn ngoi tip tam
gic OAB.
Bi 110. Vit phng trnh cc cnh hnh vung ABCD bit AB,CD,ln lt i qua cc
im P(2;1) v Q(3;5), cn BC v AD qua cc im R(0;1) v S(-3;-1)
Gii
Gi (AB) c dng y=kx+b v (AD) : y=-1/kx+b' .
Cho AB v AD qua cc im tng ng ta c : 2k+b=1 (1) v ( )
3
' 1 2 b
k
+
Ta c : ( ) ( )
2 2
3 5 0 '
, ; ,
1 1
k b k kb
h Q AB h R AD
k k
+ +

+ +
. Theo tnh cht hnh vung :
( ) ( )
2 2
3 5 0 '
, , 3 5 '
1 1
k b k kb
h Q AB h R AD k b k kb
k k
+ +
+
+ +
T ta c h :
2 1
1 1 4
' 3 , , ' 10 , 7, 15, '
3 3 7
3 5 '
k b
k kb k b b k b b
k b k kb
+
_ _
+
'

, ,
Do :
: 3 1 0, : 3 10 0, : 3 12 0, : 3 1 0 AB x y AD x y CD x y BC x y + + + + +
Hoc :
: 7 15 0, : 7 4 0, : 7 26 0, : 7 7 0 AB x y AD x y CD x y BC x y + + +
Trang 49

110 Bai Tap Ve Phep To Do Trong Mat Phang Tsy

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110 Bai Tap Ve Phep To Do Trong Mat Phang Tsy

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TUYN TP CC BI TP HNH HC PHNG HAY NHT

' ' '

Bi 5. Trong mt phng oxy cho ABC c A(2;1) . ng cao qua nh B c phng

Gii ta c : t=2 v C(4;-5). V B nm trn ng cao k qua B suy ra B(3a+7;a) . M l

Bin son t-6-2012( Ti liu ni b-lu )

- ng thng (BC) qua B(7;3) v

Bin son t-6-2012( Ti liu ni b-lu )

- Trng hp (AC) : 17x-31y-3=0 cc em lm tng t .

Suy ra : B(2;-1). . (AB) c h s gc k=12, ng

Bi 17. Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam

- (AC) qua C(-1;3) c vc t php tuyn ( ) ; n a b

Bi 19. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy. Cho ng trn (C) :

Bin son t-6-2012( Ti liu ni b-lu )

qua P(2;-1) v vung gc vi tip tuyn : 9x+3y+8=0 .

qua P(2;-1) v vung gc vi : 3x-9y+22=0

- Trng hp : k=1 suy ra (AC) : y=(x-2)+1 , hay : x-y-1=0 .

- A l giao ca (AC) vi (AB) : ( )

() sao cho 2MA

Bi 29. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x

- B nm trn (AB) suy ra B(t; t-2 ), C nm trn (AC) suy ra C(5-2m;m)

. Thay cc gi tr t vo (*) v (1) ta tm c ta tm I v

- V (BC) thuc Oy cho nn gi B l giao ca

Bi 36. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho elp

- Tnh din tch tam gic ABC :

Bi 42. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hypebol (H):

- d ct (H) ti 2 im A,B th A,B c ta :

- Nu 2 dy cung bng nhau th A l trung im ca A,C . T ta c phng trnh :

. Vy c 2 ng thng : d: x-2=0 v d': 2x-3y+5=0

- V K thuc (CK) : K(t;2t-2) v K l trung

Bin son t-6-2012( Ti liu ni b-lu )

- T : (AB) qua A(-4;5) c ( ) ( )

- T suy ra ta ca B . ABCD l hnh bnh hnh th : AB=CD .S tm c k

- (BC) qua C(1;2) v vung gc vi (AH) suy ra ( ) ( )

- Khong cch t B n (AC) :

Bin son t-6-2012( Ti liu ni b-lu )

Bi 59. Cho ng trn (C): x

(AC) ct trung tuyn (CM) ti C : ( )

Bin son t-6-2012( Ti liu ni b-lu )

Bi 66. Viet phng trnh ng tron (C ) co ban knh R = 2 tiep

- Ly (3) -(4) ta c phng trnh : 4x+4y-24=0 , hay : x+y-6=0 . chnh l ng thng

. C thuc (CN) cho

uuuur uuuur uuuuruuuur

Bi 79. Trong mat phang Oxy cho Hyperbol (H) : 12x

. Ly (2)-(1) ta c phng trnh rt

Do I chy trn ng thng : y=-4x .

(P) c x=2 th tung M l : ( ) ( )

- T (1) a,c cng du cho nn chn : c=4a hay :

Bi 84. Cho tam gic ABC c trung im AB l I(1;3), trung im AC l J(-3;1). im A

b/ - ng thng qua O vung gc vi AB c phng trnh : 3x-4y=0.

- Gi s ng trn ngoi tip tam gic (C):

Gi d l ng thng qua M(-3;5 ) c vc t php tuyn : ( ) ; n a b

Bi 91. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC, vi

() sao cho 2MA

Nghim a = -12b cho ta ng thng song song vi AB ( v im ( 3 ; 1) khng thuc AB) nn

Bi 99. . Cho ng trn (C): x

Trung im I ca BD l tm hnh thoi c ta l :

Bi 102. Trong (Oxy) cho ng trn (C):

Gi s N' thuc d ta lun c :

. Ta chn M bng cch tnh

V OBC l tam gic u : ( ) ( )

Cn c vo bng bin thin ta c macx

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