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1,5
UdH AZEG -
1,5
QGH AZEG -
jq OS bQe GMEG -
Ye
q cGJh a e SG -
Iq e Ia QX hCG G j qdG q q dG -
GdG jh q dG eSh HdG Vh

G
20
27
QG f
q
QG bQ
eAG
q q dG AH eS
qqdG
HdG
aG qdGh qdG AGK
VdG M
: q HdG fEG J j q J VJ - 2-4

qdG
q j
q .
q Uh qS OYG j dd qdG IYb J a j qdG Oq GG e
q HdG fEG
: JBc H e H eq dG j QYH LQO N e
q UdG
q UdG qdG
q aGj e
aGG edG
GqL qL
qq dG ie
(+/+++)
Q/
qqdG ie
CG
qL
(+++)
bCG qqdG ie
(-++)
fOCG qqdG ie
fOCG hO
(--+)
fOCG hO qq dG ie
e Z
(---)
qq dG GfG ie `g
G e h (+ CG) q G
Gq ()
q q dG Gq L e h G dG
q
q UdG qdG
q Sh h
j qG fCG qdG
q qdG c GPEa .(`g + O) HU Y qJ N WGe RJ qdG
q qdG Gq iNCG
c GPEGh .aG GQGbG qM b
q qdG Gg fCG qdG qdG qCG SG eCG G
q qdG Gq
qj
q qdG dP fCG qdG qdG qCG SG eCG (`g)h (O) jG Gq j fCG qdG
q qdG
T
l eo h SGQq dG GS M Uq dG M j j e h .
q q dG AH GQe e fOCG q G
..G
q q dG M YGJh SOdG
q dG
q SJ UEG
Uq dG M - 3-4
qG j dG
q e c dh .MG HdG jQ J qdG M e J Uf qG j
qfEa SG qdG Jh qe ie EG j J LfEH dG
q qdG e qdCj qdG GOG Od fOCG
q q dG M f q dM j qdG
q q dG M c GPEG HdG fG HU j q dG qGE dG Rj
.QdG
q SGQq dG dG jf j c qdG
jW f
q
Se
q f
q
b f
q
IOe 50 e cCG
IOe 49 EG 30 e
IOe 30 e qbCG
SGQqdG S
hCG
IOe 100 e cCG
IOe 99 EG 50 e
IOe 50 e
q bCG
fdG
IOe 150 e cCG
IOe 149 EG 100 e
IOe 100 e qbCG
dqdG
IOe 200 e cCG
IOe 199 EG 150 e
IOe 150 e
q bCG
HGq dG
IOe 250 e cCG
IOe 249 EG 200 e
IOe 200 e
q bCG
eG
IOe 350 e cCG
IOe 349 EG 250 e
IOe 250 e qbCG
SOdG
q
28
(SOdG
q dG)
q q HdG fEG UEG T - 4-4
(IOe 200 e qbCG) dG
q qdG G
e Z
fOCG hO
q L
Gq L q L
TDq G
Z q q dG We @
qdGO q q dG We @
qdGO q qdG We @
qdGO qdGO q qdG We @ qdGqdG q qdG We @
GqL
j WG OY @
ac WG @
d U q q dG @ ac Z WG @
j WG OY @
G
VH
G
Z jq Oq dG dG jGdG Vh qaJ @
e VGh
q bCG Y
JqdG NG @
Jq dG GfG @
q q dG e AL
Hq dG GhOCG Z @ f SG @
QGqdG @
HGqdG
QGq dG @
q q dG S qaJ
q bCG Y
eG qaJ @ e G qa J @ dG cG KqdG
KqdG
jq Oq dG
Jq dG GMG @
JqdG GMG @
JqdG GMG @
HGhq dG j J @
f SG @ e HGhq dG jJ @
eh b
q c NGO GMCG JJ HGq dG
NBG EG b
NBG EG b HGhqdG SGh
FV SG @ FV SG @
F V SG @
dMEG
dMEG
dMEG
ANCG 9
ANCG 8 hCG 7
ANCG 6 hCG 5
ANCG 4 hCG 3
ANCG 7
ANCG 6 hCG 5
ANCG 4 hCG 3
BN
UdG Z @
QGG Z @
q j U dG @
qj UdG @
bCG Y q
MGh q
QGG G
G Z @
Y db e q j
qQGG
q bCG
VZ GMG VGh HdG

q dG) q Gh
(qdG
N SqdG YGb GMG

MGh CN
qdG YGb SG
S SG
qj UdG @
qj UdG @
fq G
fq G
,eq dG ,G)
, eq dG ,G)
qq dG
(qq dG
QGM
e @
q
r j
q QGM e 4 e cCG e qdCj
GbCG 4 Y
GbCG
/UdH) AZEG
(QGH
Gq L Oh UQ Oh qd UQ H qd UQ
dSG AS QqJ fMCG S Zh
Sh
qf qZ UQ
SG Sh
Sh qZ UQ
SG
VGh Z Hc @
AOQ VY @
VGh Hc @
fMCG
G hO VY @
VGh Hc @
e VY @
VGh Hc @
qL VY @
VGh Hc @
Lh
GqL qL VY @
29
bQe GMEG jq OS
e SG cGJ h a
Yq e
jqdG qqdG QX hCG G
Iq Ia
HdG Vh
j qdG eSh
GdG
(SOdG
q dG)
q q HdG fEG UEG T
( IOe 249 EG IOe 200 e) SG
q
q qdG G
e Z
fOCG hO
q L
Gq L q L
TDq G
Z q q dG We @
qdGO q q dG We @
j q q dG qdGO q qdG We @
GqL
HdG VZ
j WG OY @
ac WG @
d U q q dG @ ac Z WG @
j WG OY @ Gh VGh
G
VH
G (q dGh q dG)
Z jq Oq dG dG jGdG Vh qaJ @
e VGh
.
q bCG Y
q q dG S qaJ
q bCG Y
eG qaJ @
KqdG
JqdG GfG @
GhOCG Z @
HqdG
QGq dG @
JqdG NG @
q qdG e AL
f SG @
HGqdG
QGq dG @
ANCG 9
ANCG 8 hCG 7
ANCG 6
ANCG 5 hCG 4
ANCG 8
ANCG 7 hCG 6
ANCG 5
ANCG 4 hCG 3
UdG Z @
QGG Z @
dG cG jq Oq dG
Jq dG GMG @
JqdG GMG @
JqdG GMG @
HGhqdG jJ @
f SG @ e HGhq dG jJ @
eh b
NBG EG b
NBG EG b HGhqdG SGh
FV SG @ FV SG @
FV SG @
dMEG
dMEG
dMEG
q j U dG @
qj UdG @
bCG Y q
MGh q
QGG G
G Z @
Y db e q j
qQGG
q bCG
eG qaJ @
KqdG
ANCG 3 SqdG YGb GMG

BN
qdG YGb SG
S SG
qj UdG @
qj UdG @
fq G
fq G
,eq dG ,G)
, eq dG ,G)
qq dG
(qq dG
qQGM e @
r j
q QGM e 4 e cCG e qdCj
GbCG 4 Y
GbCG
/UdH) AZEG
(QGH
Gq L Oh UQ Oh
q d UQ H
q d UQ
dSG AS QqJ fMCG S Zh
Sh
q f
q Z UQ
SG Sh
Sh
q Z UQ
SG
VGh Z Hc @
AOQ VY @
VGh Hc @
fMCG
G hO VY @
VGh Hc @
e VY @
VGh Hc @
qL VY @
VGh Hc @
Lh
GqL qL VY @
30
bQe GMEG jq OS
e SG cGJ h a
Yq e
jqdG qqdG QX hCG G
Iq Ia
HdG Vh
j q dG eSh
GdG
(SOdG
q dG)
q q HdG fEG UEG T
( IOe 250 e cCG) j qdG
q qdG G
e Z
fOCG hO
q L
Gq L q L
TDq G
Z q q dG We @
qdGO q q dG We @
j q q dG qdGO q q dG We @
GqL
HdG VZ
j WG OY @
ac WG @
d U q qdG @ ac Z WG @
j WG OY @ Gh VGh
G
VH
G (q dGh q dG)
Z qjOq dG dG jGdG Vh qaJ @
e VGh
.
q bCG Y
q qdG S qaJ
q bCG Y
eG qaJ @
KqdG
JqdG GfG @
GhOCG Z @
Hq dG
QGqdG @
JqdG NG @
q qdG e AL
f SG @
HGq dG
QGqdG @
cCG hCG CN 11
ANCG 10 hCG 9
ANCG 8 hCG 7
ANCG 6 hCG 5
ANCG 10
ANCG 9 hCG 8
ANCG 7 hCG 6
ANCG 5 hCG 4
dG cG jq Oq dG
Jq dG GMG @
Jq dG GMG @
JqdG GMG @
HGhqdG jJ @
f SG @ e HGhqdG jJ @
eh b
NBG EG b
NBG EG b HGhq dG SGh
FV SG @ FV SG @
FV SG @
dMEG
dMEG
dMEG
q j U dG @
e qj UdG @
bCG Y q
.MGh q
UdG Z @
.QGG G
.QGG Z @ G Z @
db e q j @
.
q QGG
.qbCG Y
eG qaJ @
KqdG
ANCG 4 hCG 3 SqdG YGb GMG

ANCG 3
qdG YGb SG
S SG
qj UdG @
qj UdG @
fq G
fq G
,eqdG ,G)
, eqdG ,G)
q q dG
(q q dG
q QGM e @
qQGM e @
4 e cCG e qdCj
.GbCG 4 Y qj
.GbCG
/UdH) AZEG
(QGH
GqL Oh UQ Oh qd UQ H qd UQ
dSG AS Qq J fMCG S Zh
Sh
qf qZ UQ
SG Sh
Sh qZ UQ
SG
VGh Z Hc @
AOQ VY @
VGh Hc @
fMCG
e hO VY @
VGh Hc @
e VY @
VGh Hc @
qL VY @
VGh Hc @
Lh
Gq L q L VY @
31
bQe GMEG jq OS
e SG cGJh a
Yq e
jqdG qqdG QX hCG G
Iq Ia
HdG Vh
j qdG eSh
GdG
: qdG YGb SG q dG - 5
: G AGOCG
f
q fEG qXjh jq qdG Ig qdG qG q j : LQq dG jf
JGTDq eh q dG je
JGTDq e H
QG f
q
QG
.
q qdG G OhM qj @
.G f q j @
G q SSCG UdG q j @
.ShQG G q e q j @
.(Jfe
q hCG) qcG f qj @
.Xd SG GYEG eY qj @
.dG q j @
dG Rh cj @
Ig qdG q J
jq qdG
dG qj @
QGh Gh YdG SG
q j @
.IdG Sj @
.SG NBG Aq dG Sj @
.G qcj @
.qH G j @
.IOq jq d gGX q j f
q j @
Ig qdG XJ
jq qdG
32
dG fG
GMdG Y IG
q GgCGh jdG jRJ - I
,dP YGQ bh .N hCG HSCG HQCG Y e
q c q GMh
q S Y q HdG qdG efH YqRh
: c qM EGh
.qf Jhe Ga N EG qSGQqdG dG
q j
q qdGh H G dG f .
q q dG H CG G H qJCG AGS HQe jq d gGXh ge Iq Y q feEG GQNG UEG Ua qd dP jh ,lY (SOdGh
q eG JMdG GY) IMh
s c J CG .bdG e qe SG qLdG qG OGYEG dch ,qbOh H HdG
q Jh
: GMdG jRJ qc Vj
q hL j e h
HGq dG SCG
dqdG SCG
qdG SCG
hCq G SCG
Y + qLJ J : U IMdG
`````````````````````````````````````````````````````dhCG I``````````````````````````````````````````````MdG
I```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````MdG
HcCG
af
`````````````````````````````````````````````````````fqdG
`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````dqdG I```````````````````````````````````````````````````MdG
I````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````MdG
jO
fL
a
```````````````````````````````````````````````````HGq dG
SQe
```````````````````````````````````````èG I```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````MdG
jaCG
I````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````MdG
O``````````````````TEG ```````````````J
GL
33
````````````````SOdG
q
: IAGdG - 1
SOdG
q IMdG
eG IMdG
HGq dG IMdG
dqdG IMdG
fqdG IMdG
hCG IMdG
G AH JGQb qXe Ye
q Uf CGj :IOq G jc
Iq G GgCG
.a IOQGdG G Y q d qe IAGb G CGj - 1
.GHCG CGQ Y H Sd jq L IAGb G e GAL CGj - 2
FGb Lh e AS eH IOq jS eU IAGb G CGj - 3
.a OQh qdG dG
q M GQYh GOe j - 4
.q Yah q FQ EG q jh dG j - 5
hCG
q q dG f q j / .e hCG d
q Iq G IJGG FGdG q j - 7/6
.G
.qdG NEG hO
q qdG j - 8
.qdG NEG hO
q qdG qj - 9
.q d FGH dP Y
q jh
q q dG G WG bhJ
q Y q j - 10
.
q q dG Mj qdG jdG H qj - 11
MhG jdG jCGQ j - 12
.jd M j - 13
.IQqG jG Y Td Jh qG GQb jEG dh CG ,SjEGh : ()

.OG q G dG M fCG cJ CG ,q Jh
q e qJ : (*)
q e qJ Ve fc qdG H q G jGh q G dG Y TG UGe CG ,YOh q J : (@)

.ddG
q q q dG jG hCG HdG
q (GMdG hCG) IMdG
34
: qdG YGb SG - 2
.UGq dG Sq dG YGbh jq qdG HCG qXj :IOq G jc
q qdG qcG - .jh qFG cGqdG H UY qj @
.FGb OYH H e H FXdG q @

q UG qcG jG e YdG SG jG e G SG -
.ASCG H
q KqdG dG e
q j @
35
eG IMdG
HGq dG IMdG
dqdG IMdG
fqdG IMdG
hCG IMdG
IMdG
SOdG
q IMdG
iG
IqG GgCG
aVEH qG SG G ASCG e IqdG ASCG q @
qG FV q G q dG FV YG e G QG U - QG Gjeh GOq qKqdG dG qj @
YG e eCG Uh hG QG U .eCGh hG QGh G
bqdG e VG U bqdG e aG QG U QG Gjeh GOq qKqdG dG qj @
bqdG e G QG U .eCGh hG QGh G
bq dG e hG QG U bq dG e eCG U Iq dG IQG ASCG jq dG Sj @
EGG Y G J .q SG G UY JJ q j @
SG Y Sq dG N J - . FGb OYH H e H FXdG q @
jG KqdG dG e QG ASCG H qKdG dG e qj @
G G
qjh qG H qdG G j @
dG
IdG Sj @
q /AdG /hGdG /dCG Y aqG IdG
GOq YG e YdG SG GOq YG e G SG ASCG H
q KqdG dG e
q j @
GOq bq dG e YdG SG GOq bq dG e G SG dG
IdG
IdG Sj @
q / AdG / hGdG /dCG Y SG
q
q G GYEG dG
q qcG L GYEG - .jh Xd SG GYEG eY q j @
dG
q qfDG L GYEG - . FGb OYH H e H FXdG q @
(hP - CG - CG) G ASCG H GYEG G dG
q qcG L AdGh hGdG - SEG EG G q dG qcG L AdGh hGdG Sj @
.dG
.SG NBG AqdG Sj @
q qfDG L AJ -
: q HdG fEG - 3
.HdG e WCG a qXj f
q j :IOq G jc
36
eG IMdG
HGq dG IMdG
dqdG IMdG
fqdG IMdG
hCG IMdG
IMdG
SOdG
q IMdG
iG
IqG GgCG
.HdG qVh qj @
qOdG
q
q qdG Hd qNCG @
HdG CG / Oqj @
OdG
q
q q dG H G G UY j
jGdG Vh q @
.G G UY qj @
q q dG S .QaCG J YGj @
jqdG Vh . qM dG j @
.jq OS f
q fCG @
qdG YGb j @
.q qG OdG
q .hG VG Fj e j @
. qG Z OdG
q OdG
q qdG
q - .HdG Lj qdG q qdG HGhq dG j @
.VGh VY f
q Vj @
.OdG
q eq dGh G Uh dG gLh M e Le e qj @
qUh ZCG qjOS f
q fCG @ q
.eG
q T Uh .qjh YG qdG
q qdG j @
fGM /ATCG Uh HdG e VdG q q j @
.dG
q Y j e Uh : M e Le ZU q j @
.cG Y J e Uh cqdG eS
q QGM ZCG jq OS f
q fCG @
Vd G eAe TG G EG G G e HqdG GhOCG dG aCG q dG eY G G EG TG G e VdG eS WCG Oq G
q QGG G .J M OYH Le ZU j @
qJ ZCG qjOS f
q fCG @
fCG f
q dj @
? c :
q q dG G .HN Sj @
? Y YCG GP e :
q q dG G ? GP :
q q dG G ? `d aCG GPe : qqdG G Ye
q W ZCG jq OS f
q fCG @
qdGh eCG : qLqdG G QOG : qLqdG G UdGh QGG q dGh QGG -
GMdG WQN
37
I``````````````M```````dG
q dG
q UGq dG
IAGdG
.LfEG hCG G q J Y q UGdG cdG e NBG QhMCG
jG
: `H qe GQh
.JLGhh qdG M
GQGG
.G AH JGQb qXe Ye
q Uf CGj : jdG
jG
OdG
q fe
q -
Uq dG jhY
H AGhq dG - 1
J : q dG .JbY eCG -
AGdG LGqQdG - 2
bCG q OdG
q dG
q
q dG -
.dGh GdG - 3
H bdG cM - qdG
q
.edG - GMCG
eeCG - 4
dG
q J .GMCH U -
dG QNG - 5
q dG - eCG .hGq dG -
GU - 6
H bdG
.qdG
eGh dG - 7
q OdG
q
q q dG bCG GMCG cM eq dG -
AGh YGdG - 8
.dOh S - 9
(qd)
38
.Jfeh
H Oq MCG
q
q OdG dG
q
YCG Ge NBG Qhj : jdG

.qUGdG cdG e qjd
q dG @
aq dGh
IQOG @
AHh
jQG
G @
SGh
FSh @
YEG
qJGh
dG @
WGGh e
`````````dhCG
jG
.aVEH qG SG .q G FV .q G q dG FV hG QG U .YG e eCG Uh
39
jG
OdG dG
H q
jGdG Vh dG
S q
.jqdG Vh -
Hd qNCG
q OdG dG
q
tdG YGb
qHdG fEG
YGbh qjdG HCG qXj : jdG qjOS f
q j : jdG
.UGdG SdG e Ye
q WCG a qXj
.HdG
.QG ASCG e IdG ASCG eCG @

.eCGh hG QGh G QG Gjeh GOq KqdG dG q UCG @
MG q dG GQNG j.
: Xd f
q dG
q UGq dG @
IAGdG @
qHdG fEG @
qdG YGb @
: dG
q
QdG
q : f
q
jG
hG dG
f
q fEG qJGh eG LdJ SG
eOEG
I``````````````M```````dG
q dG
q UGq dG
IAGdG
: `H qe GQh
.qQG dG @
jG
.LfEG hCG G qJ Y qUGdG cdG e NBG QhMCG
jG
GQGG
.G AH JGQb qXe Ye
q Uf CGj : jdG
Uq dG jhY
qG Jq dG beh hGq dG -GMCd

GMCG e
qdhDG - 1
KCJ -
q qG JdG .GMCG G
dGZ - 2
KCJ - q qG JdG .GMCG G

bCG qOdG
q dG
q
- GMCG JJ .eGdG
AGdG c - 3
IdG YGG AGf - 4
.GMCG LSG -
MGdG M - 5
qG Z JqdG .GMCd
.q dG bY -
AGf - 6
- LSG .JbYh qdG
G CG - 7
- dG hGdG . qG Z JdG
.GMCG LSG - GMCG LSG .eRCG NGJ
.ILCG IQq S - 8
.eeCG a - 9
.G qM - 10
.G EG jW - 11
(q d)
40
q qN Z hCG qN a OdG
q j qjOS Uf CGbCG

.qUGdG cdG e qjd
qdG @
aqdGh
IQOG @
AHh
jQG
G @
SGh
FSh @
YEG
qJGh
dG @
WGGh e
``````f````````qdG
jG
jG
.bq dG e VG U aG QG U .bqdG e
G QG U .bqdG e
e hG QG U .bq dG
.IqdG IQG ASCG -
q qG OdG .
q qG Z OdG q dG .OdG
q
eqdGh G .OdG
q
41
jq OS f
q fCG
tdG YGb
qHdG fEG
q j : jdG
.UGdG SdG e Ye
q WCG a qXj
.HdG
.eCGh QGh VG Gjeh GOq KdG dG q UCG @

jdG SQCG @
MG q dG GQNG j
: Xd f
UGdG @
.
q dG
IAGdG @
qHdG fEG @
qdG YGb @
: dG
q
.qj G : f
q
hG dG
q T jM e bfG b fEG
eOEG
I``````````````M```````dG
q dG
q UGq dG
IAGdG
qe GQh
: `H
.q gCG fGG @
Hq dG) dW H @
(dG
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SJC
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59
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q
Me
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qMCG - II
: N e dPh ,qdG
dG
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1
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HCG - III
jCGQ
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.he REG @
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XJ @
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q
.jG
61
SJC
q G - IV
AGh YGdG
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Me
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: KqdG ebCG
qMCG - II
qjOdG dG qJ @
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.d
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q
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SJC
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63
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64
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65

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67

jGdG Vh : qdG SQdG

q
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68

: jq dG REG EG eJ qG Yj * 5 OY jqdG (5
jqdGh
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.VG f
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: jqdG REG EG qG Yj * 5 OY jqdG (5

.
q q dG qG CGj - .dG Kh e
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q qdG Qqj : q dG REG EG qG IYO * ```````fCG - II
.VG f
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.
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.
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.
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q IYe.LGqQqdG cQ EG IOdG.LGqQqdG cQq dG REG EG qG IYO * `````````fCG - II
.VG f
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q qdG IAGb EG qG qG Yj
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1 OY jqdG qG j e 1 OY jdG
q
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eOCG
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pn scn eo ns S pr n r eo
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75
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(1) 3
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q g Jg Vq YGQh SG Fq dG
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76
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Qq JCG III
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: JBG qdG REG EG qG qG Yj *
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: fCG REG EG qG IYO *

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REGh
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IAGdG J
89
Jfq eh
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n
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l pH Qn Sn soK ,ons bo n N
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131 - 130 U U ,1985 ,q d q fq dG QGq dG
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Jfq eh
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dG
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.n pr nYn nsdGs dyG n pFGn nrdGy
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r oJ r nd ............................................... : .p r n r n rdyG pa o er s dyG
n n rbn nJ -
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Jfq eh
q OdG q dG H Oq MCG
: m oSr GnC pn rnN pa

q sdyG
n undoC pnpJBGy pGnrMnCypH opnSr GnC -5
pnSr nCGy oQo oX kcnSr nCG pnsnordyG pndy
u G ornL p pansdyG oQo oX p pansdyG nne pInQsnrdyG oGnU
p ........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
? GnPnpd ? pQGnnrdGy Gnng nnY oopaGon J rng .prnrdGy nn nWnoe lpenM nQsnb -6
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
p rdGy pnHprsdyG nrZnQ -7
.GkpcnH pAnprdGy ndGpE nOnY osfpEna lpenM nT
n nY psdG pnSn
.nnQnprNG runY ? nnna ne onrnJGnC ,onfnne nroc nr d
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
92
q N Z hCG q N a Oq dG j Uf GC bCG
p pr rn dGy ndGE p jpp nW pa

mn pHnK k
o pH
n o rfnCGy
o Qn Pr nCG
o r N
n nCGhn u M
n n
r nf
o r
n sJGp .mnjp nW mn r nZ n r Hn pWp r en ndEGp
o r Yo
,npSp o roe n rnYn nnc psdyG pndnrdyG ndEGp oIn pcGqdyG n pH rn nLQn .mQn
t J p pg nne rpe on p Tn ne pbn Gn an ,mnfp soe
? pp gr CnG
o s p r Yn
r n u nnJ
r gn
r p nd ...o nd
r n as nn J r bn gn hn ,pIn
n rdyG pjs Qp ho V
n
n pe m pcn ndEGp mL
n M
n pa nnc
p bnCG orco r n nd .u nrdyG Rn sN
nnU
n oo r
n kpdU
n sn rdyG orn nd snM Qo nar nCGy pp gn pWp
n pH oonJ r nnJ rnd
pr n r Yn
p f k n N
p Sn kIn r N
n ndOn s oK ,pan n Yn o sfnCG o r jn r nan pr nYn
o r sSn hn o r pe
o nr fOn .k
n Vn
o
n p n Tr nC m r jn
u co
mGn oN
o os n nJnCG r cn nCG rnd ... z n go nfnCG ,pn rnJ rnd nsfEGp { oornLnCan z? nn Yr nCGy nnr dnCG {: kpFn noe s pa nnr nMhn
n gr hn
n n
n a mngr hn p hs nCG
r pe pan n Yn r n nd ,mIQn Gn
n pH s nYn n sSn hn pn bn r n Sr Gp .
r Hn Qr On s n rdyG
o V
r n n Yr yG s M
n
...prSn orUG
n hn hn mIQn njp pH ooJr Yn hn up nd on r ne ndEGp pfYn On hn ,z p n Yr nCy pH kgr nCG {: po pfn oj
p a mM
n rdyG ps o pd k n ren
r
n n U
r nCGhn
r n u L
o hn
r
n u So m
n n
n Sn nYn
o ar n Tr nCG
o r L
n r n Sr Gp .u
kYp n orco .p n n rdyG nIn co mGnSn n pa orp nd r n nd .pnrpe onSn n pg o nMdy
s G pp n an ...rnN
n mGn nSn
p nr Jhn GQk n cr EGp Qo o r
nfnCGhn m r jn
n GP p L
r Qp
r n ndn rfGp ! k
o rdyG
n jn n
n J r cn hn ! kaGn gr nCG
o r
s Sn r cn .GRk n r eo
n soK ...rn ns nJhn rn nrdyan pnjQn no rdyG in rMEGp Qn n oZ V
o N
o nCG
rnd .nAnLr Yn mIs oe n r nH pIn pnrdyG npe rnLn N
p pan o rdyG p jpn rdyG Qo r
n fnCG
n n U
r nCG r n nd : n N
n BG m r pn H Qo n n rdyG pfen Qn s M
n pp sdyG p Yn p np rfyG oIn r M
n pp rjn
p n n pH pnfho un oj
.L
n N
n nCGhn
n bs n n an pr nYn
o r sSn .pQ sn rdyG x p Yn p
n rdypH
o r n n rdna p pr n rdyG n
r nf pr Sn
o rUG
n hn
up nd .n go nfnCG ,nnH { ornLnCG z? nn Yr nCGy nnr dnCG ...nrfnCG {: nnan ,zoGrn Yo nfnCG { : ond oro an p
o sn nnj
nfnCGhn o o cr n nJ ,zp L
r Qp
r en nn Syr G r n nd .rn fn pa pa l s p n Yn s nYn
r jn p L
r oCG rnCG n r Hn
o n p To r n nd .
n n Yr nCG
o nr d
p Z
p n Yn Gr n rnj r GnPn pd ,Gk unL pnfoap r nj njp sdyG pa o uan oCG ,lVn
o nenpSy
r G n roJnCG ,lrYn nn n rdyG snCnCG ? L
p nf pa t
r Yn
o bs nn JnCG
r gn .pr n pH S
o s dyG pfn cu n jo rnCG r
o jn hn ,pIn ordyG pp nd
r Yn
o r oJ nfnCG ?
o o o rdyG n r oJ nhn
nrHnCSn ,On Yo nCG rnd ,n ? p nr n rdyG ndEGp pIOn r n rdyG pa n uan oCG rnCG p n
n anCGy npe
n rndnCG ? p prn rdyG n rnf p rdy
s G pnUG
n n oe
p nYp n r Hn p n Yn
,L
o er n Yn r n nd ...o o U
r nCSn ,p nWhn pa
r pe
o r as hn n pH m p U
n m ho r en pr Hn nYn
p nju dyG pnjp rMnCGy pYn n
p pd kn r ne o rp foCSn
.pnjr bn u pbQo pa k pgn oe Gk
o rYo oocnCSn hn k rnM op nrfnCSn ,psV
,jU b ,OG
40-39 U U ,2001 ,dG dG e
( q H )
93
fqdG IMdG ........................................ : dh dG SG

n pr n rdGy ndGpE pjp nW pa :
dG
........................................ :
dG
q
ptn s dG
o Ln Qn On
o rbQn
pQn r prdG
pQn pNr yG n
t f
- -+ +
:
u s dyG pGn Mr GnC t gn GnC pjn en pa -1
pppWr en ndpEG nGrn Yn oIOn Yn p n nrdyG pIn oc pa mIGQn n eo An n rKnCG nGrn Yn oHn U
n pEG ppLn n pH o ho scnP m U
n Tr nCpH nGrn Yn Ao nprdpG pppWr n pH nGrn Yn Qo Gn rpSr pG p nprpd nGrn Yn o nSn p m ho r en or Hn
x pYn U
: kn qJn eo pJBGy p hn r
n rdGy pa n ou Un GoC -CG
p n rn r o rdGy oGn Mr GnC
p
pV
n rdGy oGn Mr GnC
p n rdGy oGn Mr GnC

V
....................... ....................... .......................

....................... ....................... .......................
....................... ....................... .......................
(Op r dy
s G pa) nGrn Yn pjn Ghpn Q pa
r An Ln n nc n o uJQn GoC -
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
? r ppH nn rdGy p en ppH o n nWNn psdGy poSr oC Gy n pe phGs dyG An n Syr G GnPn pd -CG -2
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
.Ap n pSy
r n Sr GnC -
r G Gngn nYn nndGs dyG n pFn nrdGy op
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
94
? n`pdnP `nnY osdGsdyG onjpnrdGy n`pg `ne .ikPGnC r`pe ppa onnd ne nrZnQ p`ppWr npH `ku`n`noe phGs`dyG hornj -3
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
: ppa nOnQhn psdGy pndy
u pH kpnr oe pnj ne onTr GnC -4
: npQGn dy
s G onQrPnCG : rp nf pa tonj : pLnnpH pnfhounoj .m npHGnnoem noLp rnN pa
s sdyG
o undGoC hn -CG-1p jprsdyG pa pnsJnordGy pGnrMnCypH opnSr GnC -5
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
rpprpY n`rZnQhn onfoaprnj ròsfGnC nrZnQ znnrYnC yG{ nfhoOnoj oGrn nY rppH nnrdGy njpsdGy U
o nTr nC Gy s nX -6
.ppFnpp H
? rppatnn J pa nojGrC nQ ne -CG
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
.mnpLhn m nopH np nnf nnrLph rujGnC -
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
95
q Uh We q J jq OS Uf GC bCG
p ShDho dG
t AGo s Tn
p rYn Gn nJ p sdyG psct dyG Gngn nnenCG s oenCG rnCG op nSr nCG n
u pe np n rnJ rnCG nhOo mpfnL uco rpe oof nM
p GOn ndEGp
Ol Gn Yr nCG gn Ro n Hr nCG ,mYn u n n eo mIn pcn An n Tr nCpH Gv o
r en nnc
n pdPn n en hn Gk p U
n kfnen nnc .lbn ho r en l nJnprdyG pp N
p GOn Os n Sr yG l p U
r n uYo o r pe mHn o r en nYn hn .o nYr nCGhn o oJn n L

n ,o oN
n lr ao nsct dyG oSs n n jn hn .po jr s dyG p nM
n
r pe
.fp Ghn nCyG
o r Hn hn
o pcnSn ,pn rdyG op nZ Ql oWSn hn lIn p U
n o Wp Gn Sn :n Yo Grn fnCGhn n odnTr nCG
r n nn N
r yG
l Ghn On nCG
.Qo sdyG n ppfGn nL
n r nH rnCGs gn hn Oo Gn d
s yG gn nYn lnpb n rYn mp nH n rnZhn
p b
p U
p n r jn pr o rdyG nen nCG
o nranCG p p
n rdyG jp
o Yn pen nrdyG o n
n p r
n rdyG pa
l L
o Qn ,psct dyG
o M
n
o
p .pQs dyG o n rp dnCG o n L
o sfnCG
r hn
r
n n nd r bn prfnCyG
n r ndEGp
o s
n jo p r n en Qu n n o rdyG p r nJn p d
s yG pr n r n pH
n r ndEGp o or jn
n M
: p n n dr yG
n n pK
o n rjn hn o r pe m rcQo pa phn r jn M
k n U
n nsct dyG
o p jn o r eo .ppfscOo ndEGp
n Yo r jn hn
n o p r n r jn
ln oH n rnYn ,n o r Sn n nr nnJ k s npe pSp rCGQn nYn o
n njhn ,oofnr d snn Vy
n G On n Sr nCG
k p bn hn p rnncr t dyG ndEGp o n
s b kGhn r Sp
.n nr pa Qo s doG n pa
r nn an Ao GOn r Sn lIn pcn
n pa
n n Tr nCG s oK p n
n rdyG Op Gn Yr nCpH o nCen .pr o rdyG Op Gn Yr EGp pa kp n r eo ,m n U
n
s co ppJOn n cn ,nnc n r n rdyG
o n rp dnCG
r nn n rfyG s M
n n pa
o o r jn
n p nW en nYn r So hn .pp n cr nCpH An n
n rdyG snZ
l pcn lN
n Oo n r pe n Yn
n n an Qn s dyG
pnuJyG pa mYn r po H op
p nJ nYn Ot o nj nr o rdyG o
p roj n gr hn nnc .pn sdyG
n rnjhn onYn p
n H on nj mjpnM uco ps
p Ghn Gk M
p Ghn r o ao p r jn o sfEGp .pp rTo
r o n pdnCG r n nd .r p pgL
o ho ndEGp n or jn rnCG pa nIn pFna nan ,r p pJncn M
n hn r p pJGn U
r nCHn Gk M
.
r nN
n k n Sn
n pKnnK
r pe o nfscOo
n n an rnCG o r eo o opdnCGhn
p Ghn S
o n L
r hn
n n en s oK pjr n Yp Sn nYn n s Tn hn m p n r eo
x U
n pa p N
n ByG ppfL
n ndEGp Gk M
n n cr nCGy n V
n hn
p GOn nhs nCGy S
p p bn uopH on n rdyG orpe nSn p sdyG
lN
n Oo nsct doG nCn an oQo nf pnuLnCno rdyG pr o rdyG nN
n rCGs dyG neQn .p
p n n rdyG or M
o
n pFGQn .u
n rdyG
o U
n r n r eo hn o L
n pIQn ph
n o rdyG Ap
n rn rdyG ndEGp hn p pQdy
s G ndEGp mYn r po H
n snn Jhn
l pcn
p n N
oCGs
n n jn n GAk r L
o GQn U
n nN
n t dyG
n GnPhn n
n pFGs dyG pp gn
s p nd ,nIn
o r
o rdGo hn prfnCGy n T
n t no J o n ps dyG pdy
t G
o
n jn hn psct dyG n en nCG
o p jn pN
n t dyG
n pe o es n jn p sdyG o r
o nf
o p sdyan .p pn rdyG u
n dr yG Gngn pa m r jn
u co pIn M
n
r pe
.nho N
n ByG on r nj n cn nAor n rdyG o
n pc
Qp nKBG
r pe ppa sn nJ en hn Om Gn Sn
r pe o nYn en
o p n r jn
s nXhn S
n o rdyG n N
n nCGhn pjr n jn n rp pH S
n rCGs dyG
n n er nCG
p jo en hn n o ndr M
p GOn ,jn Ghn s dyG
en snCG
r pe
n s n nJ s ndhn .p r nfr n rdopH o
n hn p r nfPo oCGy
n N
u co pa v p en o o n r jn h ,pdy
t G
p hn .pn rZs doG p rn pHhn pn jp sdoG p rn pH o nn Yn
o ofn Hn
s nJQr yG n n Yn n pfsdyG
n p rdyG
n n an
n M
n UG
n hn mnc o nn an
...p rsdyG p Yn obs n nnj oorbn On nchn L
k npJQr Gy
,adG IG ,qdG PT
118 - 117 U U ,2004 fL 151 OdG
(q H)
96
dqdG IMdG ........................................ : dh dG SG

p ShoDhtdG oAGs Tn :
dG
........................................ :
dG
q
ptn s dG
o L
n Qn On
- -+ +
o rbQn
pQnrprdG
pQ n pN
r yG n
t f
.nsctdyG ndhoC Gy pInrprdGy pa phGsdyG nUn hk -1
: pJBGy p hn rnrdGy pa npJnUp hn pnaUo r nrdGy oprnSr GnC -CG
o ndy
u G
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
o naUo r nrdGy
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
m rpn H ooHQr GnC -
p pQ
n rdyG ndpEG p pNGs dyG
pGn rWnCGy ndpEG pncrnrdyG
npe psctdyG oU
r hn nOnQhn
p pNGs dyG ndpEG p pQ

n rdyG
pncrnrdyG ndEGp pGn rWCnGy
:p ShDho t dyG An Gs Tn pn pfsdyG pIn rnrdGy pa phGs dyG
n Un hn -2
: npJBGy nhn rnrdGy oprcGCo -CG
o ndy
u G
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
o naU
o r nrdyG
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
pU
p nnY
r rn dyG oU
on n rdyG
p
o HnnrdyG
? o ofscOo hn p ShDho t dyG Ao Gs Tn n pa o pn r jn psdGy ondy

u G n pg en -
97
.p ShDho t dyG pAGs Tn ndGpE mLn Mn pa u

n rdGy nsSo sGnC nYn t o jn en
u s dyG n pe
o p
r n Sr GnC -3
..........................................................................
.p pn Yn pnrJGpE nYn p ShoDht dyG pAGs Tn U
n r pM oRpr oJ kn jpnb
u s dyG n pe
o p
r n Sr GkC -4
..........................................................................
.....................
.....................
: pn pHGs dyG pIn rprdGy n pe

o p
r n Sr GnC -5
r n sbnn Jhn
r n n n rdpG : gn n r en kIOn n reo irn dy
s G
n pe n nrcnCG : gn n r en kIOn n reo -
.o r pe pIn pNnC Gy pnr

o rdGy n pe kFpn r eo
u s pd kn pJNn n pH Qo s nn JGnC m npHGn n eo m n Lo
n r Nn
o o rcGnC -6
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
ne .p ShoDht`dyG pAGs n`T pscoO nnY nhoOsOnnnj rosfpEna pnjpnrdGy p pFGhn sdyGhn pnNtdyG npe p SsdyG ptennJ nrZnQ -7
? rppatnn J pa nojGrC nQ
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
nnjGrC nQ runY
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
98
jq QGM We q J jq OS Uf GC bCG
jp
o r
n dGy
o pden hn n
o sr dyGhn o en n r
n dGy
: n ndnCn
n a ,lnp cn l nen nM n Sp rCGQn pa mn peSn mn
r nf nr bo ker nj ojpnrdyG lpdne s ne
p c pGQn nCG ? pHn U
n nCG n an ,p
n rdyG n n u Sn psr dyG n n Sn
pn
p nf oren rdnCG r n nd .ppcn rdyG pnr sdyG Ap Gs nL rpe n go n sfEGp ppfYn oCG ne tco r sdyG pp gn p SrCGQn ndEGp no rfnCG rnCpH r
p r Hn
s
n nf
n nr sdyG
s p nd .m p nd m s nW
u co
r Yn Gk p Hn
o
o M
r nCGhn ppa p
o HnCG
x Yo Ap n ppd pp rjn en n
u rdyG
n pe
p Gn p pH pnMr an s nYn
.N
? ppH
n n an en pjppN
r nCG Qn U
n r an prndEGp p rdoCG rnd rEGp s ndEGp n n
r nj rnCG pfn Ys nn Jhn ker nj pH nU
n n r n nd .orn an ne pnrndhn ,or r n an ,s N
p n r jn nr
p r jn n Yr t dyG sEGp .nn pfs dyG o n nr pa n p o pd p rn rdyG nGhn nCG
. p jr n gn s N
n r an nYn prbn o
o rdyGh ,pH
o
o s
n n jn
p npH Qr u nZhn s ndEGp nQr na ,s N
.nr
n r an nrndEGp p rdoCG n{: ond pdoan ,pr cn Pn ne nn r npd mjpnL rpe pnJnCG GnPEGp p n pH
.zr
o r
n nfhn
n r Yn
o r Wp s N
n r an
n rcn nCGhn
n pdPn
n rn an GnPEp an
o nen nrdyG ornHnLnCan ,on r nj nnc n cn nU
n soK ,pn
r sdyG nrnJ nbn nn a ,Op nr o rdyG pbr rn dyG pa onr sdyG nnbr nCG
p Hn
p hn .
nYn o n L
n hn s M
n p jp
n rdG mpden
r Yn kM
n n nrfyG n pHGn L
n s Sp n r pe
n n Yn
n M
o jp
n rdyG
l pden n n sYn n pH
: ond nnan ,pr sdyG p Wp Tn
?
n Sn rCGQn
o n
r nJ
n jr nCan ,
n pp jn
r Yn
o ju dyG
n r nJnCG GnPEGp ,
o jp
n rdyG
o pden jn .pdn Tn rYn ? o on
r nJ
n jr nCG ,
n pdn Tp
r Yn
n r nJnCG GnPEGp hn .p rN
n hr nCG pp nj rYn oon rLnCG p nf
? mn M
u co hn mnen
u co
r pe
n r nJnCG GnPEGp hn p nnL nrnJ oon rLnCG .M
p n L
.o n n
r J nr cn pfQp nCG ?
n M
n
n
r nJ o nn
r nJ rnCG o p n nr J
n r cn hn p nnL nrnJ oSn CrGQn ojpnrdyG lpdne nN
: nnb soK ,on oYo sOn hn onr sdyG prnYn nnKnn a ,pM
n Or nCG
p n pd
p r nJhn ,n jpd
p rdyG in nJnCG ,pr
p nf hs o Yn jn s M
n
n r
n pdPn
r Yn o
s yG
n rCGs dyG n o un oJhn ,pen n
n rpd n n
! ht o n rdyG npH n n rnj
.o ncn nCGhn pr nYn n n L
r nCGhn
,eOh c p qG HG
(q H) 288 - 285 U U ,1981 ,hH ,IG QGO
99
HGqdG IMdG ........................................ : dh dG SG

o jp
dG
........................................ :
dG
n rdGy
o pden hn
o nr sdyGhn oen n
n rdGy :
q
ptn s dG
o Ln Qn On
- -+ +
pQnprNyG n
t f
o rbQn
pQnrprdG
: pGnQGn pM
u sdyG pa -1
.................................... : ohs nCGy oQGn prdyG - mQGn pM uoc rnan nW ounYGoC -CG
.................................... : pfsdyG oQGn prdyG p nrdGy
.....................................p rjnQGn prdGy pa nV
n n sdyG ounYGoC -
p noj npH nnpJBGy nnrordGy oprcGoC -
:p rSn nr b nrnH nOnQhn spe oS
pa .............. hn ,.............. pQGn prdyG pa ............. on sdyG Gnng nnc
.................. pQGn prdyG
( ohs nCGy - ksnoe - kpnf - pfsdyG)
.pnennrdGy r
n nY ,pnrsdyGp pFn npH kapQnY ojpnrdGy odne hornj -2
: nInrnrdGy ppng pnnYrnJp rnnjpnb
u sdyG npe oprnSr GnC
.................................................. : pnennrdypH osnnnJ lnjpnb ............................................. : p jpnrdyG ppdnpH osnnnJ lnjpnb .pnennrdGy pn pd nnY ,mnnpH GkQnrNGpE ohs nC Gy tpQGn prdGy o nrnrdGy nsnn J -3
.................................................... .nnnrdGy Gng oOunMGoC -CG
.pnennrdGy pa pnnrdGy Gnngp pKrCnJ nnY tonj ne
u sdyG npe oprnSr GnC -
.........................................................................
pnYpQn nordGy p`nrsdyG pnpSr GnC rnY p`nH`nLpEGy pa o`jpnrdGy opdne inOnnJp pNnC Gy upQG`n prdGy p ` nrnrdGy pa -4
.nrnY osJnnnj ne pa nunoj rGnC nhoO
......................................................... ? onpsdyG pnfnc ne -CG
..........................................................................
100
p nprdGy npF nXrn dGy pnj spe oQnrNGnC -

: nnrnJ o uSn GoC hn p nrnrdGy Gnnpd nnS
(ppFncnP oQnprNpG - orpe onjprdy
t G -p obro pd ooLGnQrpSr pG - oojprnJ -p jpnrdyG mpdne onfnCr nW)
.nnprdGy jpnrdGy lpdne nnsnY rGnC nrnH pnennrdGy hn pnrsdyG nrnH nQGnO psdGy nQGn prdGy osnnJGoC -5
........................................................................ ........................................................................ ........................................................................ ........................................................................ -
? GnPnpd ? ondnf psdGy nnprdGy ojpnrdGy lpdne tpnr nj rng -6

..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
101
qjJ We qJ qjOS Uf GC bCG
n nWnr b r pe l nHn
r pe pSn Op dy
s G o r eo ,o et oCG o r Hn Qs On r bn hn ,
n nWr bn p
n pedy
s G pn jpn rdyG p
n M
r nCG pa Spk Qna
o r n s M
n nCnn f
p o o rdyG nYn ,pp o Yo
snM p rnJn p dy
s G prbn pn H prnYn on
r njhn ,m npd hCr G m r Sn nhOo On Gn nrdyG ocn r nj nnc .psSh
.
n ju dyG
o pHn jo o sfnCcn n r o rdyG ppjn pa mnjn p nW m er o pH
l p r eo n gr hn ppH
o p nr n an ,o nfRo Gnn J n p r jn n
GQk oU
n ,k jpL
n ,ps
o rdyG n
r V
n kpa nnc .Hs n nJhn o n en nCnn f p sdyG o npa
o cn r jn Qn U
n
s Tn s ndhn
pnn p rdyG ps p n pd kpdOn o nn L
p Qp o Yo nYn n n Yn en n r Yp
n hn o n pcQn .pn pgdy
s G
r rdByG p n L
n r n s
n pd kfr Yn nnchn .v pcPn hn
p rdyG on ne rn snn Jhn rn snn J pqdyG
.psjp n ndr yG p jpQnJ pa mIn jpan mn pFGQn mspHr nM mIn nenoe pa nIn Yr rn dyG nn
.ppeGhn nCGy p p r n pH p n rjn
x pr L
o On s
n eo
r ojn r nd o s p nd .ppHho M
o pa Qn nrpenCG o Hn nCG
o paGn jo
o r n s M
n nnc
,ppHnCG nYn n Vp
o r jn k nN
o hn k s pHr M
n Gk npa o r``n r jn en Gk `pcn hn ,``k jpL
n hn k pnf
k jr nCG nnc o s p nd k p eo nnc
psr dyG
o nHr nCGy o Oo Gn L
n nnchn ,o npa
o cn r jn ek r jn nnc r n nd .o `n
u n jo hn p`r nYn n `p rjo rnCG on rjn n s oK ,n pa o o pbn o an
p ndEGp mpcGQn npH Op Gn nrdyG Op oLho pnSn rYn ooHnCG ondnCn
p pKGrn dyG pIn rnpH onHnLnCan ,p p rdyG Qp Gn L
n a ,pppfnL ndEGp o p nj
p n pH
gn Rn n prfyG o jpQoCG lIn pcn U
l n ao pd
o n nr Jhn .w an hn w cn
o r
n rdyGhn ,Op Gn
n rdyG o Yn r So ,pHnCG jn ,p p rpd
r n r nd{ : pr
z.Op Gn L
n p r nX ndEGp o r pe
o p n rfnCG
n GsPEGp hn ,
n pdPn pa
o p rdyG po p r jo nan ,p jpdy
s G pWp
n rdyG p
o o rpd
p nWr n rdyG Op o
GQk r
o en
n u L
o rdyG Qo o To
r ojn r ndhn ,
o r
n an kY
n To Yk Qp Hn Hk Qp
n eo
o r n s M
n
r ojn r nd
p oj Gofnc rnH ,rn an ppgn nnfhn ppYn npn H pnYr Ep yG nYn
p rnZ p an ,ro nd ppnnen oe p r oMhn ppbnN
r nCG pnKnen pd onft
p n jo nnchn .nnfho o rdGo ndEGp n r
SG
n rdyG ,ns dy
t G ppjpQr nJ An n rKnCG ,o n
r jn T
k o Hn kFOp gn nnc pr
n rdyG pnbhr nCG
p n pH M
.ppFGn Yr nCG rpe Gofnc nr dhn r p pan Sr EGp pa
o p n r jn hn pr
n r
n rdyG
,Hq hQhCG a g , eG M ec q
,1988 ,hH ,dGh Yd dG G GQe
(qH) 79 - 71 U U
102
jq J We q J jq OS Uf GC bCG
eG IMdG ........................................ : dh dG SG
dG
........................................ :
dG
n nWr nb r pe l nHn :
q
ptnsdG onLnQnO
- -+ +
o rbnQ
pQn r prdG
pQn pNr yG n
t f
: nIn rprdGy ppgn pn Yn r nJp r n n jpnb
u s dyG n pe
o p
r n Sr GnC .Gk pcHn p r
n rdGy pocQo pa n r n s Mn oIQn n en
r nRn Hn -1
........................................................ : ndhoCGy on jpnrdGy -CG
...................................................... : on pfsdyG on jpnrdyG -
? ps pHr
n rdGy ppcpQn en pa n en n prdGy hn On Gn
n rdGy o en Gn
r pSyr G o r n s Mn n ns a n pH -2
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
? pOo
o rdGy ps pHn r pe n r n s Mn n t n nJ phGs dyG n ns a n pH -3
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
: o r n s Mn n pH n s n nJ psdGy n n prdGy ,pJBGy p hn r

n rdGy pa ,
o p
r n Sr GnC -4
os pfrn fpEyGhn os pbnNr nC Gy o n prdGy
os pHr
n rdGy o n prdGy
................................... ...................................
................................... ...................................
................................... ...................................
:
u s dyG pn pp H k pn r eo pjn en
o n Tr GnC -5
..................................................... : k jpL
n
o r n s M
n nnc ....................................................... : w nahn w nc
o r
n rdyG p n jo ....................................................... : M
n r
n rdyG SG
: pnj npH kpnr oem np b xprp nJm nrne pa ppHhooM pa nrnsnM nnnf nnSr GnC
o undGoC -6
p oordyG pa oInQnnrdyG .pndy
u G oroe psSh
103
qjJ We qJ qjOS Uf GC bCG
.ps pHr
n rdyG p n
o rdyG Qo npHr pG .o oJQn n pSyr Ghn ppFnrdyG oYn nW .pr
n rdyGhn p rdy
u G pa pOo
o rdyG pnen n eo
o r M
o ..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
? ppnpFnYp nr pH spHrnM k nnH nnUr GnC rnb nrnsnM sGnC innJ rng -CG -7
.nnjGrC nQ runY -
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
104
q LJ We q J jq OS Uf GC bCG
nIhn sr dG pp gn rn
r n pd
n sfnCG dp Gn n an ,n r ep
o Hr n n br Gp . n
o rdyG
o p or J On n So n nd
n rdyG
o
r n nan p Sn Qn r n rdyG
n ep kIn Fp Yn
o r co
ek gn Gk er nCG snCG
s Tn n .n r
n nf ou
n oJ n sfEGp ! ..k
n Yn !n o paGn jo n M
n nCG n
r p nd ,es
x
r Tn ndEGp os
n n nJ
pp gn o er nCG
p s dypH n oJQr On Hn .gn n rpa
l jpnZ { : p n p rfp yG
n pe Am r Tn pa poKu
n oJ
r n p nW n tK pr ns n an ps
o nr jn
p GpYr yG pa n or nJ rnCG
n Vn
n r bn k npenc n nd n n an r nf rnCpH n o pd noJ hn k
n pgHn n pdn en gn p pJGnn pH
o
u on J n sfEGp ! pcn p dy
s G
Ap n dr yG
r pe ps u nrdyG pp gn
s co
o p r n nr J nIn p dy
s G pnpFYn snCG
n pbu o
n JnCG ! n pJGOn Gs Yn pa
n n
n dyG
n s n n nJ rnCG
n r bn hn
mnr nZ pa ,pnTG
p V
n n n jn mIs en
r pe n ncr nCG n jr n p M
n
o jr nCGQn ufnCpd u Sp pa
o r
n .z ? pIQn oJndypH pn
s n o rdyG
rnCG nYn Qr pbr nCG r nd u p nd .pn jp
n rdyG Qp
n Tr nCG
u n pd n go t L
n o op r n r jn m oWr N
n
r pe p uan n o rdyG Ap n rdypH ,n r pe
. p r s pdy
s G nYn kar N
n p er nCy pH n M
n Qp U
n oCG
lInCGn er yG Oo n So oIn u dy
s G{:
r ndnan ,On n So pnd
n rdyG p er nCG
r pe nnc n pH ueoCG r n N
r nCan p pr n rdyG ndEGp
o rU
n hn
p
n `p S`
n oJ rnCG
n `r nb Ap n rdyG n cn p Tn
o S
n oJ n sfnCG ho r jn
r p nd ,
u dy
u G pa n pet n nJ
r pe p rZs dypH l nnp f hn l n pnf
p n pH Ap rpd n cn n`r pSyr G
r L
n n N
r nCG s oK .pn p r s dyG p r n pH
r nfn n Syr G GnPEGp n r
n `p bGn oJ rnCG n `pfner Ep pH sEGp .`n r
n nf
: ppa
o rCGn n an
n n p rdyG
o
r s n
n J .peen nCG o r n V
n hn hn k u n co pn n rn rdyG p GQn Or nCG pM
n nCG
r pe
snCG r nYr yG hn ,p VM
n r p rdypH Ap n dyG nIOn Gs nW p nprfypH r s n nJhn ,p rndG
n pe n n n r n pd ps p n
n rdyG
n rnZ n p M
r nCG
p Ghn
.jv p n Sn Ap nG
n pe pGn r udyG pnBG pIQn n N
n pa
n s n n jn rnCG
o p r jo Gk M
k Tr Qn
p BG pa Ap n rdyG Op Gs Yn n nbQr nCG ,n N
p
rnCG nhOo pdGn o dyG p r n rdyG p n U
n pa hn Ap n n rdyG p N
n BG ndEGp m M
r pe
r
u Sn
o an n pcr yG p n r n an ,m Tr Qn Op L
o ho nYn
l pdOn
n Gnan kbQp na
n rM
n n rEp an .p r nJn r n rdyG
n r Hn ps p n
n rdyG
n p r n nr J
.o M
o nU
r EGp hn
p s en nYn r
p n br G
p Qr nCG
l n panc n p an ,knsn eo pjs Op n rdyG p r nrdyG pM
r Hn ,mjpnZ Am n pH pr n dyG n s V
r rp nJ n
.pp r n pd
.ns p n
n rdyG
n pe Hk n r eo Ap n rdyG pr nJ
n n Hn
n p an p
n n
r n pd Ap n rdyG
n pe Sk rCcn
r p r n Sr Gp
p Qp n s dyG p N
p BG pa
.p
t n s dyG
n pe An n rdyG nr
r n an ,p r dy
n G oIQn Gn M
n
o p
n r nJ
n M
n n n jpM
n p Sr Gp
n penc
o
r n r n Syr Ghn ms pr co
n n br CnG
o r n
n b hn peCoG
o rfPp Crn Syr an ,pn p r s dyG
u co pIAn Gn pb nYn r pU
r CnG r nd
.
k M
o r bn
r pe
n
o r
n anCG n pg GnPEp an ,On n So pnd
n rdyG
n Hn
o br n nW mYn r po H hn .pn p r s dyG n pa
o rCGn bn pqdyG p
n r dy
s G
z.kfr Yn pnd oonJ n sn nd pjs pgn p n r nJ rnCG L
o Qr nCG hn ,poJQn oJna pr nnTn r n nd { : k npFnb n
n r t dyG n o r sSn
,G j f h f N ,qHGdG dGh dG IQGRh
20 U 1995 , 3 ,fJ
(q H)
105
SOdG
q IMdG ........................................ : dh dG SG
IhdG g d :
dG
........................................ :
dG
q
ptnsdG onLnQnO
- -+ +
o rbnQ
pQnrprdG
pQn pNr yG n
t f
.pIQn òJ`nrdy pH p `
s n o rdGy t `pdn rdGy p `nr n rdGy p npJQr Gy n`s pdhDo r en pA`n rdGy p jpRnr J nncpTn Oo n So ond
n rdGy
r ns Mn -1
.u nbnC yG nYn ,p r n n jpnpH n ppbr en nYn t pn Sr GnC
........................................................ : ndhoCGy on jpnrdGy -CG
....................................................... : on pfsdyG on jpnrdyG -
Gn`n pd p jr n rp nJ o u nbGoC .nn
s n o rdGy pAn rdGy ns pnc
r pr n nr J r nd n n npFYn sGnC r pe kIn ucnCn eo Oo n So ond
n rdGy ho r nJ -2
.ptcnCs dyG
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
Gn`gn `nYn `
u s dyG pa t o `jn p`sdGy en .pAn rdGy pn`r p`Syr G pa pOn prbyG nYn k`n jpMn o`jn phGs `dyG ho `r nJ -3
?p Ur prdGy
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
.m npn
r eo m Up pa
l n pr nJ u ppLr s dyGp nrn rdGy pa
r On Qn hn -4
: kn pr nJ n r pe w oc o s n n nJ ,u nbnC Gy nYn ,m n Lo nnnK pJBGy p hn r
n rdGy pa
o o rcGnC
in Nr GoC onUp
o r s dyG
o er nCyG
...................... ...................... ......................

...................... ...................... ......................
2
:
u sdyG pa GnncroJ rnd pAnrdGy pnrpSyr G pTp rnpH pnsnnnJp rnjnrNGoC p rnnprnJ oUo GnC -5
.......................................................................
.......................................................................
106
.p rnnS
n noe pa nOnSo pndnrdy pH onjphGsdyG rnnrdpG -6
? nnne nrasnn J nrnc -CG
..........................................................................
? GnPnpd ? ptn sdyG Gnng pa nojGrC nQ ne -
..........................................................................
107
HdG fEG J
108
OS q f Hd NCG : 1 OY IMdG
1 OY dG
.................................... : dG ............................................................ : dG SG
: VG
,udy
s G pa S
s nrfyGhn ,ljpnM nnrbnCG kInCrnahn .nnQhr nO opnrnJ npnna ,kjp nW vU
n
n rnLnn a ,mpLnJ pscoO ndpEG nrngnP
p nrdyG snrna
... onnrdyG nonchn nhoV
p nrdyG ppH nnb ne ppa o
... onjnudyG rnfnc nrnc rocrPyGhn nhoV
t nJ vjpOrSn n
v f rorcyG
ptnsdG onLnQnO
q q dyG
++
+++ -++ +-- --++
........................................................................
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........................................................................
109
pQn r prdG
jq OS q f fCG : 2 OY IMdG
2 OY dG
.................................... : dG ............................................................ : dG SG
: VG
o pn r jn n
n pbnapQ n M
n nCG snCG
n r scnnJ
n s pnd ,ppHp npM
r ppd
n pJn Sr lCG nn
r U
o
n Or n r n Syr Ghn ppen rn pH
n M
r pnna pprdyG o r jn nJnCG
... pn Sr nCGy
n pe mn n pd
n nrpe
n n rjn rnCG
.
n pjpU
n nYn nM
n r nrdyG
n pNr o pd m n Yn
r pe pHp
n r ob en ppa phr nJhn
n n dy
s G ppa o ocrnJ jv pOr Sn n
s f
r o rcyG
ptnsdG onLnQnO
q q dyG
++
+++ -++ +-- --++
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
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........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
110
pQn r prdG
q Uh W ZCG jq OS q f fCG : 3 OY IMdG
3 OY dG
.................................... : dG ............................................................ : dG SG
: VG
.psct dyG pM
n nC
n pn ren
r Yn p oRn s dyG ndpEG
n Qr p oVn
r a kn pMOn r eo knpaM
n kIs en
n r pcQn
p J mnK m nrn pHhn r o n oaGn nJhn psct dyG nndM
p J hs nCG m nrn pH
n pe o nJr gn Tn en ppa
o n
n ppa
o n
n n
s f p rZnCGhn nnKpO
n rdyG o
s b
.
o np J onpa
n rdyGhn pInap s dyG
ptn s dG
o Ln Qn On
q qdyG
++
+++ -++ +-- --++
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
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........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
111
pQnrprdG
jq QGM W ZCG jq OS q f fCG : 4 OY IMdG
4 OY dG
.................................... : dG ............................................................ : dG SG
: VG
pM
n nCGhn m pFHn
n r Hn knjp nWhn knjp nW ken hn n eo
n r
n M
n
n n go hn ,
n jr n Hn nCG pM
n nCG nn
r U
o
n dy
t G
n r n
n b .lnpnb l js nCG pprpd pHn
.Ap nan
o rdyG
m fp
.n o n r Hn
r Qn GOn p sdyG Ip Qn hn
n o rdyG
n ep
n pH p p roJhn nnKOp
n rdyG p ap o ocrnJ jv Op r Sn n
v f
r o rcyG
ptn s dG
o Ln Qn On
q qdyG
++
+++ -++ --+ --++
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
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........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
112
pQnrprdG
jq J W ZCG jq OS q f fCG : 5 OY IMdG
5 OY dG
.................................... : dG ............................................................ : dG SG
: VG
p
r o n r n rbnCGhn
n rN
s n n na .
n
r s dyG nhOo pQ njo hn pQ
n TCr Gy hn pQgn rRnCy pH non r jn kn r U
n jr nCGn na pHn nrdyG pa
o s
n n nJ ek r jn
n L
r n N
n
.p
r s dyG n pan en r o nd
n
r V
s hn hn pn prdyG nYn p nna
n o rdyG pIQn ho p
n H
.gn ppFGnn ahn pn
r s dyG p nY ppa os
n n nJ jv p rp nJ k nren o o u n
n J jv pOr Sn n
v f
r o rcyG
ptn s dG
o Ln Qn On
q q dyG
++
+++ ++ +-- --++
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
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........................................................................
113
pQn r prdG
Ye W ZCG jq OS q f fCG : 6 OY IMdG
6 OY dG
.................................... : dG ............................................................ : dG SG
: VG
en r o n en GhoN
n nCGhn ms pn L
n mnM
r pQ pa m r jn
n GnP GL
o n N
n .nIn en no rdyG nt pjo ln
r To Ao nbpU
r nCG peGQn hn
l pdU
n hn peSn
.... nIQn s no rdyG nIs o rdyG oRhn
r jn
n n nJ nnM
r u dyG pnn L
n mBL
n neo pIs pY ndpEG GV
o s n nJ r o s pndhn .m js nCG pnKnnK pAn
n pd o nfL
o n
Qn n
r nJ rnCG
n r nJ nhn ,mjs pQGn pMhn ms pU
r hn n pWnn pH pprZnCGhn ,pnKnsdyG pAnbpU
r nCGy nIn en neo ppa o
t nJ ks noe jv pOr Sn n
s f
r o rcyG
p n eo kfGn r Yo o nd
.k S
ptn s dG
o Ln Qn On
q q dyG
++
+++ ++- +-- --++
........................................................................
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........................................................................
114
pQn r prdG
qdG YGb SG J
115
hCG : IMdG
qdG YGb : IOq G
ptnsdG onLnQnO
- -+ +
........................................ : dh dG SG
........................................ :
dG
pQnprNyG n
t f
o rbnQ
pQn r prdG
p b nnc
ppr nZ
o n n rdyG o nn V
r nCG r nb kpYn l Sn
n prnJ o unjo nhn t pjn hn t pjn nnc o s pndhn ,V
p hn m M
p
n ep
n ep Am
r pn H p r nYn o sdG
s en rpEna ,mM
n r Hn pr s dyG ndpEG n r jn nnna ,p Ss dyG
p n dy
.... p dp n p dp kJob p p n npH in n Tyr Ghn m en hn n eo nhn m sn en pr nZ ap o Yn Hn
s G
.z`rdGy {`pH mnasnoe mAnSr GnC nnKnnK
u sdyG npe oprnSr GnC -1
.........................................................................
.m pVn ndGpE pnaVn pEypH mnasnoe mAnSr GnC nnKnnK

u sdyG npe oprnSCr G -2
.........................................................................
.m nYn n eo m n raGnC nnKnnK

u s dyG n pe
o p
r n Sr GnC -3
.........................................................................
soK ,nppFnrdGy ndGpE Gknr oe norLnrnSyr G psdGy pnnYn ordGy p nranC Gy pnMGnC rpe nhornrdGy npQn ordGy oUo GnC -4
.np nWnordGy ndGpE soK ,npunnordGy ndGpE
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.
u s dyG pa l rSn o n
r nJ en
n pF nXhn Oo u Mn GoC -5
...................... : onn V
r nCG
....................... : o s pnd
....................... : pr nYn
116
: pj n pH k pn r eo lnYn n eo n odn raGC m n Lo nnnK

o ucQn GoC -6
.
u dy
s G pa p SSn prfyG p Yn pjpU
n n rfnCG
.........................................................................
.p n dy
r oCG o eo BG
u G p Yn
u nrdypH pN
.........................................................................
.r ppo oc On GOn r pSyr G nho jpjo Gofnc rpEG pbnapQ
o nCSr nCG
.r on o oc ......................................... rnCG nho jpoJ
r gn
... prCjn r nd o s pndhn .ppdn rpSyr

n r gn nna pQ nprdGy p s
n en pa o n pn rfGnC rGnC s ndGpE
n n nWhn pHGnC pnnJgn -7
m p`s eo m`nr fm p`Vn s oc o ` uSn GoC hn nnKpO
n rdGy ppa phQr GnC m `n Lo n r Yn oRhn
n n jn n Gk np b nv f
o o rcGnC
.mpMGhn m rpn Hm p s eo x Ln p pVn s ochn p jr rpn H
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
117
fqdG : IMdG
qdG YGb : IOq G
ptn s dG
o Ln Qn On
- -+ +
........................................ : dh dG SG
........................................ :
dG
o rbQn
pQnrprdG
pQn pNr yG n
t f
:
s sdyG GoC nbGnC -1
pOoordyG nnMnCG nrdnCna ,n
o pWhn npnM mncnrne nrnH nnr nordyG osnnnj p rnrdyG opFnb nnN
n
inCGnQ tprordyG nU
n sndhn .onfnne pSG
n nprd nnbhn soK ppspboroH rpe onOsnLhn ,orpe nfnna ,kpFnf
nn nna .pnp rdyG sTn nCG nrnSn osfnCG s nXhn ,pnpbnrdyG nASo p nNhn ,o
o pFGnna rnnnJrQyna onpFnb
rpe nrpTn ne nrnH ornJ rnCG nu nM rpna ,rnnJ n{ : opFnrdyG nnna ,ornY on rnj rnCG orpe
.zGnng rpe nrn fnCG nrbhn nper npd rnrNna np nWn pd nrndr yG nrOnQnCG GnPpEG rpnd , m Gn rgnCG
: onYnr f oOunMGoC hn
n pbsdyG nrprdGy oprnSr GnC -CG
(
w pFjn
l pbnf/
w phGhn
l pbnf) o Yo nr f
o bp s dyG
o r prdyG
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
: pndy
u G nn nM
u qdyG npe pJBGy pArordGy nnHnpc opYGoC -
.pnprdyG sTn nCG nrnSn osfnCG s nXhn pnpbnrdyG nASo p nna onpFnb inCGnQhn nU
n tprordyG
............................................................... pnjprordyG *
................................................................. oOoordyG *
.............................................................. osjprordyG *
p nordGy p sdy
p pH nnordGy oprcGoC -2
: pIn sn ordGy p nraCGy npe pnS
.ppejr nGn pW mnnJ rpe onrnj ne n rnjhn ppFnrHnCG rpe ofrnna GkpcnH ppQGO ndpEG onCGy oOonj
118
1 e
2 e
r ndhn r o F n rHnCG r pe ................ r ndhn Gk pc nH r ocpQ njpO ndpEG GhoO o nJ r nd .p r nrdyG nGn pW mnnJ rpe ................ ne ................
............... rndhn nopFnrHnCG rpe .............. rndhn GkpcnH nocpQnjpO ndpEG GnOonJ rnd .p r nrdyG nGn pW mnnJ rpe ................ ne
r ndhn s o pF n rHnCG r pe ................ r ndhn Gk pc nH s ocpQ njpO ndpEG nr o nJ r nd .p r nrdyG nGn pW mnnJ rpe ................ ne ................
2 e
p`ndy
u G n`n nM m`npnroe m `nUp pa k`n pbf k`nraGnC k`prnr oe noJrgTn knKpOnM ppa phrQGnC nv f oprfGoC -3
: pQ nWpE Gy ap pInOpQGrn dGy pfnnrdy pH kpnr oe
................................................
................................................
2 e
................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
.........................................................................
.pInordyG nrnN ornrdyG .uoCGy p pFnf onr pf .pnCGy npe pnr prdyG onnY .mIos pH pInordyG orenQ .pQnrdyG psTo onr c .prnrdyG on nW -
119
dqdG : IMdG
qdG YGb : IOq G
ptn s dG
o Ln Qn On
- -+ +
........................................ : dh dG SG
........................................ :
dG
pQn pNr yG n
t f
o rbQn
pQnrprdG
: nnnrdGy o uSn GoC hn GpE nnrordGy nnY onnrdGy npa nsnnJ psdGy nspSr pGy nnordGy oprnSr GnC hn pJBGy
s sdyG GoC nbGnC -CG-1
pahn ,lnen prHyG prnnTn nnY rpnd ,lspdhoD r ne pppJnY nnY ,ppnnY pa wOnL loLnQ pHnCG
.pprnrdyG pa ppFnnpd onrnf sona .lIhnn nM ppjpnM
1 e
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
: GpE nnrnrdGy nnY onnrdGy npa osnnnjm noL nnnK oucnQGoC -
........................................................................ *
........................................................................ *
........................................................................ *
2 e
: pJBGy
u sdyG pa nn rordGy nornrdGy o uSn GoC -2
1 e
ppnSn rpe oOonj rnb npan ordyG snCG spEG ,kAnpSyr G pndy
s G onrZnQ prnnY p r nnr J rnd loLnQ onLoj n
.ppFnrdyG nInOr nY oOonj hCr G ,ppa sdyG nInOr nY
(qH) e MqdG Y
m`nS
n noe pn`nK pa n`nn rordGy npYnnrdGy k`prnr oe par nN nQnKGnC kpbr ne ppa oUp GnC Gknp b ns f oorcGnC -3
: pnpJBGy pGnQnprdy pH kpnr oe
......... ,GkpnH r
o csdyG ,mropH tonj ornrdyG ,mjpTn mr npH oQody
t G
2 e
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
120
p s dyG o n Nn n pa o s nn jn m n Lo nnnK kpr n r eo ps SG

p Qn u dyG pn dy
p S
s G n n pNr Gy ppa
o Up GnC Gk np b nv f
o o rcGnC -4
: pQ nWEG pa On Qn hn pH k pn r eo ppSyr G nYn
................................................
2 e
.pYn nrdyG pa opennJ - ................................................
.ppens dyG
n rN
n Ao n pdhr nCG - ................................................
ppf
n pH no un o rdyG - ................................................
.pjpo rdyG ................................................
.p rct dyG
n nr a opennJ - ................................................
................................................
.........................................................................
121
HGq dG : IMdG
qdG YGb : IOq G
ptn s dG
o Ln Qn On
- -+ +
........................................ : dh dG SG
........................................ :
dG
o rbQn
pQnrprdG
pQn pNr yG n
t f
:
s sdyG GoC nbGnC -1
p npa nnr a lOhorne n rghn kpgn ppnaroZ pa prenQ nnc
nrnH mnpc pEG lOhor ne oo
n nHhn pTG
on ne onprnj rCG vpLGnQ on rnf nnSCr G snM pdy
t G p nY osnnnj onpdGhn npSn rCG nehn .prjnnj
.ppp Hnne p prnJ ndpEG onrHyG kpYGnO GkQhor ne onCGy nnrHna
: pJBGy n hn r
n rdGy o prcGoC hn p o rn rdGy n Syr Ghn p pYnrdGy n Sr pG
o p
r n Sr GnC -CG
soTr pG psdyG orprdyG
o r pe
p o rn rdyG o Sr pG
soTr pG psdyG orprdyG

o r pe
p pYnrdyG o Sr pG
................. ................. ................. .................

................. ................. ................. .................
................. ................. ................. .................
:p jr n Nn nCypH per Qn Vk u n eo
u s dyG nHn n pc o pYGoC -
n r na ................. n go hn ................. k p p nar oZ pa pGn N

n nCyG n nc
p n pa
r Yn os
n n jn n go n pdGhn n pSn rnCG n na .n pjpjr nCG
n r Hn mn pc ndpEG Ol ho r en n go o
n Hn hn n pTG
ndpEG pr n Hr yG k pYGOn
r nf Yn n Sr nCG s M
n pdy
s G
o nCGy n n n Hr yna ,o npaGn jo rnCG ................. o n
.n ppp Hnen p prnJ
1 e
2 e
:p r Sn nr b n r Hn pOpQGrn dGy p r prdGy n pem pYnap Syr pH

u s dyG o prcGoC -2
2 e
.............. (s en ) n r nZ pRr u dyG pn nW pa .............. (s L
n ) o n M
r nCG
o pen rdyG
s nX
p Qn ) p rs dyG n jpYn ,p Ss dyG ndpEG o n jn
.o nd sdyG
n n nc n pH ............... (
n V
: nn pJBGy nsn r o rdGy An n Sr nCyG n pa o pr n Sr GnC kn Lo
n prfGoC -3
.............................................................. (pYdy
s G) *
2 e
............................................................... (
w per en ) *
............................................................... (
w pr en ) *
122
: k pSn k Sr Qn nIn r n rdGy o So Qr GnC hn pJBGy p hn r

n rdGy n pr J o prcGoC -4
p ornrdGy oSr pG
p pYnrdGy oSr pG
......................... .........................
......................... .........................
......................... .........................
orprdGy
2 e
n CnSn
nCGn nb
nN
n nCG
: mQ nWGpE pa pIOpQGrn dGy p n ranC Gy n pem o ren p Sr pG hr GnC m pYnap Syr pH pQGprdGy pa nGn nrdGy o prcGoC -5
n
s b ,nnp f ,nYnO
: peu oC o ndrn dyG
n nb
? eu oCG jn p r
n rdyG ndpEG .........................
n rfCG
r gn .n r nYn n n M
r nCG p r dy
s G pnpFYn
n n
r a .........................
n t oXnCG n
r L
n nCG
s nYn .................... peen nCG
o p
r jn nnc ? o jn Gn gn hn
n r dy
s G rn fnCG
n r nc ,n .Gv Tn pp jpM
n ndpEG GOk ho r en nHr nCG
o r ochn ,ppJGn en neo
123
2 e
eG : IMdG
qdG YGb : IOq G
qqdG LQO
+
+
.................................. dh q dG SG
......................................... : dG
QNG
:
q q dG GC bCG - 1
p n n rdyG Hu n eo o ps jn ph ,
ndpEG TG
t phn nrdyG
t
o jn pdy
t G n r jn
k pn r eo GQk ho r en pn jpn rdypH
p njhn ,pnrYnCrdyG pSo
oQGsnrdyG oprojhn ,poordyG nSo p oordyGhn poordyG oproe or
.njppFGsdypH onjpnrdyG o
o nna ,p nnrdyG pnrMnQ nnY
dG
q qcG G EG I qG ASCG MC
q G - CG
,........... ............ jH ............
q j q YSCG dG
q j
.............. jh , YCG S EG TGG ............. q jh
a
,dG MQ Y .............jh ,G S dGh G
q
.jFGqdH jG
GS qdG dG
q qcG L GYEG eY : JBG hG cCG -
: FXhh
QG
1 e
2 e
Xh
HGYEG eY
dG
q qcG L
..................... ..................... .....................
..................... ..................... .....................
..................... ..................... .....................
: HGYEG eY dCq Gh uG EG (CG) jqdG I qG ASCG MC
q G-
,........... ............ jH ............ qj qYSCG dG
q j
.............. jh , YCG S EG TGG ............. q jh
a
,dG MQ Y .............jh ,G S dGh G
q
.jFGq dH jG
eY dCq Gh dG
q qfD G G EG (CG) jqdG I qG ASCG MC
q G-O
.HGYEG
,........... ............ jH ............
q j q YSCG dG
q j
.............. jh , YCG S EG TGG ............. q jh
a
,dG MQ Y .............jh ,G S dGh G
q
.jFGqdH jG
: e qN HGYEG eY LCGh QWEG VhG ASCH JBG
q q dG cCG (2
.TGa ,GgR ,f ,CG ,GdG
q ,CG
............Ga ,JdG H EG g......... cCG o.............. h S aGQ
ga ,.............Mjh .......... j dG ALQCG S qJ .IdG
q
124
2 e
.FGO f ...........`dG dM L
: FXhh I qG ASCG GYEG eY ,JBG hG ,cCG (3
edG G je T .hG SGQO hqOL SG .ge qS cNCG Xh
HGYEG eY
qG SG
..................... ..................... .....................
..................... ..................... .....................
..................... ..................... .....................
: ASCG e QWEG OQh e G dG J qc a aC

q G f
q fCG (4
............................................
............................................
MqdG / MqdG
............................................
edG / edG
............................................
CG / Gdh
............................................
............................................
125
2 e
2 e
SOdG
q : IMdG .................................. dh q dG SG
qdG YGb : IOq G ......................................... : dG
qqdG LQO
+
+
QNG
QG
:
q q dG GC bCG - 1
pOrQrn dyG npe knbnH ond ounona jp
n nrdyG oOonj psdyG n onap pnrdyG npe kHorne onrMCG nnc
,pr ndpEG oC
n rjn
r en pIQn nRGDn eo pa o N
s nCn jn n psdyG n gr hn .pnprdyG
n pe ek Gn rZopc o nd pn r jn hr nCG
.mIsne nrdnCG onnna nr dhn onrnj npH opNnoj nd ospnd .pAnbpU
r nCrdyGhn ppQnbnCdr yG npe
.o n np nXhn o u Yn GoC hn
x ppr nJ mscn en s oc
u s dyG pa pIn sn o rdGy pn scn o rdGy n pe
o p
r n Sr GnC (CG
o onpXhn
tpprsdyG oscnordGy
.................................. ..................................
.................................. ..................................
.................................. ..................................
.onnp nXhn ounYGoC hn xpdUo r ne mscnne soc

u sdyG pa pIn sn ordGy pnscnordGy npe oprnSr GnC (CG
oonpXhn
tpdUo r nrdG oscnordGy
.................................. ..................................
.................................. ..................................
.................................. ..................................
1 e
1 e
: x pdUo r en mscn o pH p sn o rdGy p pYnrdGy n SG

r V
o u Yn GC - 2
p nrnrdyG ojpnrdyG nsnn J @
.kspngnP kspdGnpe o
.......................................................... @
.pfqdyG pQhr spd pncpQn ordyG pnprdyG npe pnYornrdyG oQu
n noe oTs nnnj @
.......................................................... @
.kpFGnO onu nordyG n og pSG
n nQudyG pa opnrordyG @
.......................................................... @
p noe mprnpH oprcGoC - 3
: spppsdyG nscnordGy p uSn GoC hn mS
............... knbHn peu oCpd
o r udyG n s nb @
................. kbho r U
o
o jr n n Tq pG @
............ keGnrZopc opLsdyG nnRhn @
126
2 e
:
s s dyG GoC n rbGnC -4
ne p n rMnCnc lsJnoe onKnCrdyna ,msoM nrHnCG pa orJnnLnn a p prnrdyG ndpEG toCrdyG pnnLnQ p nroe lsnN lOrQhn pInpdy
senCG .m oTo pa l
s G pndph sdyG nnr ah ,opJrsdyG oonj
p n pa nYn kn prn r eo
.Hk n pc oCGn rnJ n TG
r nfnna
o n jr nR
: n r pe so Tr pG psdGy n n ranCrdGy o u Yn GoC hn
u s dyG n pep o rn rdGy n Syr Ghn p pYnrdGy n Sr pG
o p
r n Sr GnC ( CG
orpe soTr pG psdGy orprdGy p ornrdGy oSr pG orpe soTr pG psdGy orprdG p pYnrdGy oSr pG
................ ................ ................ ................
................ ................ ................ ................
2 e
1 e
: pndy
u G nn nM
u sdyG npe pJBrdGy pArordGy nnHnpc opYGoC (
p npa nnY k nprnr oe rnfnna onrjnR seGnC
.prnrdGy nnen prHGy knp nroe nTG
p
r nrdGy nen n pHr Gy ................ n pr TG
n n pa nYn ............. n nfnna pn r rdGy es GnC
p
r nrdGy nen n pHr Gy ................ n pr TG
n n pa nYn .............. nfnna pGn ndrn dG es GnC
p
r nrdGy nen n pHr Gy ................ r pTp o oa nYn .............. Gofnna Oo nhr nCrdGy es GnC
nscnordGy hn spppsdyG nscnordGy kprnr oe pAsnrdGy p nnY nnjp nW pprHppd onCrdGy ppa onu oj nv f oprfGoC (5
: mQ nWGpE pa On Qn hn n Hn k pn r eo s pdUo r n rdGy
prnSr pErdyG
o pc p resdpH rnCnrepG lnHnY pAnrdypH npernrdyG nCnne np
n rdyG
o o r jn
o pen rdyG .pr nYn
n
s
n n o rdG
kpnN open rdyG o p r nj .o rdy
s G ppH nCnrepG
opnj mnn nN nnY oo
n nj .Ao s n rdyG n nbnr a
nYn V
o r n rdG nIsL
o BrdyG nN
n nCG onHrob
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
127
2 e
SdG
3
3 GMdG Y IqG GgCGh jdG jRJ -I
q q dG fG
GMdG f -I
34
35
36
5
5
6
q dG fG
34
50
51
64
73
84
88
89
108
115
IAGdG - 1
qdG YGb SG - 2
HdG fEG - 3
GMdG WQN
hCG qqdG IMh J -II
IAGdG - 1
HdG fEG - 2
qdG YGb SG - 3
IMdG e - 1
IMdG AH - 2
IMdG QSG - 3
10
qHdG qdG jdH HQG -II
10
10
11
11
jdG e - 1
q aCG jdG - 2
G jc - 3
IOq G jc - 4
13
qjqdG gG qgCG -III
13
qdG YGb SG - 1
qdG
q UGqdG - 2
HdG fEG J - 2
18
19
qdG YGb SG J - 3
25
q q dG QG -VI
25
25
26
26
26
qdG - 1
q LeOEG q dG - 4
GMdG J qVh -III
IAGdG J - 1
128
HdG fEGh IAGdG - 3
dG UGq dG dG - 2
IAGdG qdG - 3
HdG fEG qdG - 4
qdG YGb SG q dG - 5

Áq«Hô©Dg Á¨Q∏Dg ‘ ºq∏©Ÿg Π«Do: »°Sé°Sc'Cg º«∏©Qàdg Øe Á°Soéq°Ùdg Áæq°Ùdg

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Áq«Hô©Dg Á¨Q∏Dg ‘ ºq∏©Ÿg Π«Do: »°Sé°Sc'Cg º«∏©Qàdg Øe Á°Soéq°Ùdg Áæq°Ùdg

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qfqdG qjQG

ASCG e IqdG ASCG qeCG e NBG Qh MCG

GOq K dG dG q UCG - e NBG QhMCG

q qdG Y Td qjQhV IqQb UY HQCG e qdCj RH qG qqdG Uf e f

,jG SQqdG Ad LG qdG G YJ ,jG qqdG G S AqJ .Ig qdG S jq QhdG

: e - qjOSEG qce (Gh Y G CG aW qY qce hCG

H e ,qL qce Ya eCG a

qcG Lh ,AdH Gq jh jh q G dCH aj jqdG H Gh q G Jh : hH He ASCG -

gh ,dG qY qdG qjd - AGQhGh qjQqdGh qqdGh qYLG h qdG L g G

HdG fEGh IAGdG -3

q J fc EG qdH dPh ,qSSCG ah qJJ CG ' H'' f G GMCG qEa Gg nYh

eAe LQO Ao SGh ,qdGh q bGG GP SGh qdGq dG eG e L o L'' qfCH q jh

d aGG qjqdG YCG REG @

jG ah OGYCG jRJ hL - 1-4

HGhqdG SGh GMCG JJ -

SqdG YGb GMG -

GdG jh q dG eSh HdG Vh

aG qdGh qdG AGK

: q HdG fEG J j q J VJ - 2-4

IOe 100 e cCG

IOe 150 e cCG

IOe 149 EG 100 e

IOe 100 e qbCG

IOe 200 e cCG

IOe 199 EG 150 e

IOe 250 e cCG

IOe 249 EG 200 e

IOe 350 e cCG

IOe 349 EG 250 e

IOe 250 e qbCG

VZ GMG VGh HdG

N SqdG YGb GMG

ANCG 3 SqdG YGb GMG

ANCG 4 hCG 3 SqdG YGb GMG

.a IOQGdG G Y q d qe IAGb G CGj - 1

.GHCG CGQ Y H Sd jq L IAGb G e GAL CGj - 2

FGb Lh e AS eH IOq jS eU IAGb G CGj - 3

MhG jdG jCGQ j - 12

.IQqG jG Y Td Jh qG GQb jEG dh CG ,SjEGh : ()

q e qJ Ve fc qdG H q G jGh q G dG Y TG UGe CG ,YOh q J : (@)

q qdG qcG - .jh qFG cGqdG H UY qj @

.FGb OYH H e H FXdG q @

.LfEG hCG G q J Y q UGdG cdG e NBG QhMCG

YCG Ge NBG Qhj : jdG

.QG ASCG e IdG ASCG eCG @

.LfEG hCG G qJ Y qUGdG cdG e NBG QhMCG

qG Jq dG beh hGq dG -GMCd

KCJ - q qG JdG .GMCG G

- LSG .JbYh qdG

YCG Ge NBG Qhj : jdG

.eCGh QGh VG Gjeh GOq KdG dG q UCG @

.f Lh Y q G (...GQSG Y HLEG ,SG) SG G fEH NBG QhMCG

GhOCG -UdG Ue .UGdG

qUh We qJ qjOS Uf CGbCG

YCG Ge NBG Qhj : jdG

(...LdG b ,IQTEG) jq qdG Z q dG FSH He jq d J FSh e NBG QhMCG

.QGG GWCG eJ QGG KCJ .GMCG

QGG GWCG .qjqdG YCG q J -

qjqdG YCG q J .QGG GWCG aCH JG q dG .dG

qUh We qJ qjOS Uf CGbCG

YCG Ge NBG Qhj : jdG

.ASCG H KqdG dG e qTCG @

qjJ We qJ qjOS Uf CGbCG