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APUSH

Final AP Review Packet


This is it. The packet to end all packets. The packet to prepare you mentally and spiritually for the AP exam. There are 5 different sections, each with its own challenge. The packet as a whole is due Friday, May 10, but section 4 should be completed by Tuesday, May 7 to compare in class. Bring your packet every single day and you will have time work with your classmates on it in class most days. Packets not turned in by Friday, May 10 will receive a -20 point deduction. Start working now!
1. Decade Association (courtesy of Mr. Sleete, who stole it from Mr. Struck, who stole it from a teacher in NC, Warren Hierhl)

2. Reviewing U.S. History Vocab Part 2 (Should be easy, we have done pieces of this in class) 3. Thematic Thinking (Will be the most labor intensive, but likely the most important) 4. Making a DBQ or FRQs (Complete by Tuesday, May 8 You can make changes later, but bring this in Tuesday so we can discuss and do some practice in groups) 5. Mystery Docs (Dont just go to the internet for help, read, use your brain, try to guess first)
This packet counts for a project grade, test grade, homework grade, and writing grade. Each section counts for 20 points. Incomplete sections could range in a 5-20 point deduction. You will receive one score out of 100 for the entire packet and this will be put into the gradebook 4 times as different types of grade. Please sign the honor pledge below to reaffirm your commitment to academic integrity. Failure to sign the Honor Pledge will result in a 20 point deduction automatically.

Honor Pledge

Final APUSH Exam Review Packet

I did not give my answers directly to any other person in any APUSH class or copy answers from any living soul, but I used my book, internet resources, notes, class discussion, and my brain to complete this assignment. I talked through some questions with other classmates in class and in study sessions, but I did not tell them what letter goes in what blank or give them a series of answers or copy their prompt or a prompt from the internet or one we did previously in class. Academic integrity is more important to me than a few extra points on an assignment. I understand that if I do this project correctly and fully, my grade will be fine, and I will likely do better on my APUSH exam which is more important than improving my grade a few points. So I plan to use this as a study guide not just as a way to get points.

2 Printed Name ______________________________ Signature ________________________________ Date ______

Decade Association Part 1


Place the correct decade or group of years beside each group of specific factual information. Remember, some items can fit into more than one decade so be sure to read through and consider the entire group. Dont simply go through the exercise mindlessly. Think about: What each item is (There will likely be some terms you are not 100% familiar with, if that is the case, use the other terms around it to try figure out what it could be referring to, and then look it up!) How it relates to that particular decade What other terms could be associated with it Use the following groups of years in place of decades for the colonial period o 1600-1650s o 1650-1700s o 1700-1750s After the 1750s use the normal decades Decade Association

1. ______ Long hot summers, Freedom Summer, Greensboro sit-ins, U-2 incident, dtente 2. ______ lost generation, Warren G. Harding, Henry Ford, Sacco and Vanzetti, Marcus Garvey 3. ______ Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), phony war, Congress of Industrial Organizations, brain trust, Huey Long (Kingfish) 4. ______ Alger Hiss, NSC 68, NATO, Casablanca Conference, Henry Wallace 5. ______ American Colonization Society, Missouri Compromise, Era of Good Feelings, Tariff of Abominations, South Carolina Exposition 6. ______ American Federation of Labor, Dawes Act, Alfred Thayer Mahan, horizontal integration/vertical integration, Haymarket Square Incident 7. ______ baby boomers, Sputnik, beat generation, Brown v. Board of Education, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg 8. ______ bank holiday, National Recovery Act, destroyer deal, Scottsboro boys, Wagner Act 9. ______ Bank of the United States, Virginia-Kentucky Resolutions, XYZ Affair, Whiskey Rebellion, Jay Treaty 10. ______ Bank war, spoils system/rotation in office, Second Great Awakening, Transcendentalism, gag rule

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11. ______ Battle of Saratoga, Thomas Paine/Common Sense, Coercive/Intolerable Acts, Olive Branch Petition, Boston Tea Party 12. ______ Bay of Pigs Malcolm X, War on Poverty, Warren Commission, Ralph Nader (Unsafe at any Speed) 13. ______ Bland-Allison Act, Thomas Nast, Henry George (Progress and Poverty), Munn v. Illinois, Crime of 73 14. ______Boxer Rebellion, Coxeys Army, Frederick Olmstead, Teller Amendment, Wounded Knee 15. ______ Chautauqua Movement, Freedmens Bureau, Battle of Little Bighorn, waving the bloody shirt, Boss Tweed 16. ______ Committee on Public Information, League of Nations, Federal Reserve System, International Workers of the World,
16th, 17th, 18th Amendments

17. ______ Connecticut (Great) Compromise, Virginia/New Jersey Plans, disestablishment, Barbary Pirates, Treaty of Paris 18. ______ Creel Committee, Henry Cabot Lodge, Birth of a Nation/D.W. Griffith, Article X, Wobblies 19. ______ cult of domesticity/true womanhood, Manifest Destiny, James K. Polk, Neal Dow, Lucretia Mott 20. ______ Dred Scott v. Sandford, Fugitive Slave Law, Gadsden Purchase, bleeding Kansas, Sumner-Brooks affair 21. ______ Emancipation Proclamation, Trent Affair, Homestead Act, Battle of Antietam, Crittenden Compromise 22. ______ F. Scott Fitzgerald, cultural isolation, quota system, Harlem Renaissance, Washington Naval Conference 23. ______ Fair Deal, Japanese interment, Truman Doctrine, Yalta Conference, Taft-Hartley Act 24. ______ Fair Labor Standards Act, New Deal, Bonus march, 21st Amendment, dole 25. ______ Federal Highway Act, Montgomery bus boycott, Eisenhower Doctrine, Korean War, Alan Ginsburg ( Howl) 26. ______ Freeport Doctrine, Clayton-Bulwer treaty, Lincoln-Douglas debates, Uncle Toms Cabin, Nashville Convention 27. ______ French and Indian War, Albany Plan, mercantilism, salutary neglect, William Pitt 28. ______ Georgia OKeefe, Edward Hopper, normalcy, Back to Africa movement. Albert Fall 29. ______ Hinton Helper/Impending Crisis, Stephen Douglas, popular sovereignty, Ostend Manifesto, Lecompton Constitution 30. ______ hundred days, America First Committee, Elijah Mohammad (Black Muslims), Keynesian economics, National Labor Relations Act 31. ______ Insular Cases, good and bad trusts, Charles and Mary Beard, Great White Fleet, Square Deal

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32. ______ Jackie Robinson, GI Bill of Rights, Berlin Airlift, Marshall Plan, San Francisco Conference 33. ______ Jacob Riis, Northern Securities Case, Samuel Golden Rule Jones, Muller v. Oregon, Robert LaFollette 34. ______ Jimmy Carter, Watergate, Roe v. Wade, affirmative action, Gerald Ford 35. ______ John C. Calhoun, abolitionists, Charles River Bridge case, de Tocqueville/ Democracy in America, removal of deposits 36. ______ Kellogg-Briand Pact, Herbert Hoover, H.L. Mencken, Charles Lindbergh, Scopes Trial 37. ______ Know Nothing/American Party, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Republican Party/3 rd Am. Party Sys., antebellum, Underground Railroad 38. ______ Langston Hughes, Andrew Mellon, National Origins Act, Ku Klux Klan, Calvin Coolidge 39. ______ Lewis and Clark, Orders in Council, yeoman farmers, Gabriel Prossers Rebellion, Judicial Review 40. ______Little Rock school crisis, national Defense Education Act, dynamic conservatism, Jack Kerouac, ( On the Road) 41. ______ Loose/strict constructionism, cotton gin/Eli Whitney, Citizen Genet, Bill of Rights, Alien and Sedition Acts 42. ______ Marbury v. Madison, Embargo Act, Louisiana Purchase, impressments, interchangeable parts 43. ______ Margaret Sanger, Thomas Hart Benton, Teapot Dome/Elk Hills Scandals, Universal Negro Improvement Assoc.., Spirit of St. Louis 44. ______ Miranda v. Arizona, John F. Kennedy (New Frontier), Huey Newton (Black Panthers), Michael Harrington ( The Other
America), Cuban Missile Crisis

45. ______ Molly Maguires, forty acres and a mule, National Labor Union, crop lien system, Granger Laws 46. ______ Monroe Doctrine, corrupt bargain, Erie Canal, Lowell/Walthan System/Lowell girls, Gibbons v. Ogden 47. ______ Morrill Land Grant Act, National banking Act, nature of the union, 13 th 14th 15th Amendments, Radical Reconstruction 48. ______ National Industrial Recovery Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC), TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority), Franklin
Roosevelt, bonus march

49. ______ new immigrants, Plessy v. Ferguson, Joseph Pulitzer, Populist (Peoples Party), Turner (Frontier) Thesis 50______ New Nationalism, Mann-Elkins Act, Black Jack John Pershing, insurgents revolt, New Freedom 51. ______ open range, Interstate Commerce Act, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, mugwumps 52. ______ Oregon Territory, John Slidell, Commonwealth v. Hunt, Horace Mann, Webster-Ashburton Treaty

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53. ______ Palmer Raids, Schenck v. U.S., Clayton Anti-trust Act, Keating-Owen Child Labor Act, preparedness 54. ______ Panama Canal, W.E.B. DuBois (Niagara Movement), Dollar Diplomacy, Open Door Policy, Roosevelt Corollary 55. ______ Peace Corps, Betty Friedan (The Feminine Mystique), Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Stokely Carmichael (Black Power), Great Society 56. ______ Pendleton (Civil Service) Act, Samuel Gompers, Gilded Age, Farmers Alliances, Chinese Exclusion Act 57. ______ Peter Zenger trial, Great Awakening, James Oglethorpe, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards 58. ______ Pilgrims/Separatists, Anne Hutchinson, headright system, Freedom of conscience, city on a hill 59. ______ Platt amendment, Louis Sullivan, Progressive movement, Russo-Japanese War, Hay-Buneau-Varilla Treaty 60. ______pragmatism (William James), Salvation Army, John Dewey, Young Mens Christian Association, Edward Bellamy (Looking Backward) 61. ______Prigg v Pennsylvania, Mexican American War, Mormons, free soilers, American Anti-slavery Society 62. ______Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Paxton Boys, Sugar Act, no taxation without representation 63. ______SALT I Treaty, hippies, Camp David Accords, Mayaguez incident, Bakke v Board of Regents 64.______ Samuel Slater Federalist/First American Party System, Pinckney Treaty, undeclared naval war, full funding/assumption 65. ______ Securities and Exchange Commission, Neutrality acts, court packing scheme, share the wealth, Indian Reorganization Act 66. ______ Seneca Falls Convention, Maine Laws, Irish immigration, Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Wilmot Proviso 67. ______ Servicemens Readjustment Act, Ralph Bunche, George Kennan, United Nations, Korematsu v. U.S. 68. ______ settlement house movement, William Jennings Bryan, Atlanta Compromise, jingoism, Sherman Silver Purchase Act 69. ______ Shays Rebellion, Northwest Ordinance, Three-fifths Compromise, Articles of Confederation, Annapolis Convention 70. ______ Social Gospel, Knights of Labor, Jim Crow Laws, A Century of Dishonor, social Darwinism 71. ______ Spanish-American War, Booker T. Washington, Gospel of Wealth, yellow journalism, Sherman Anti-Trust Act 72. ______ spheres of influence, Big Stick Policy, Lochner v. New York, Gentlemens Agreement, muckrakers 73. ______ Stamp Act Congress, Sons of Liberty, non-importation agreements, Pontiacs Rebellion, Townshend Acts

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74. ______supply-side economics, Iran-Contra, Geraldine Ferraro, Oliver North, evil empire 75. ______ Tea Act, Boston Massacre, Gaspee Affair, First/Second Continental Congress, Crisis papers 76. ______ the Grange, Credit Mobilier Scandal, long drives, Horatio Alger, Chief Joseph 77. ______ Theodore Roosevelt, Upton Sinclair (The Jungle), Emilio Aguinaldo, Pure Food and Drug Act, Anthracite Coal Strike 78. ______Trade and Navigation Acts, Bacons Rebellion, King Phillips War, salutary neglect, Halfway Covenant 79. ______ Trail of Tears, Dorothea Dix, nullification, William Lloyd Garrison/Liberator, Worcester v. Georgia 80. ______ Treaty of Ghent, Hartford Convention, Adams-Onis Treaty, War Hawks, American System 81. ______ Treaty of Versailles, Federal Trade Commission, irreconcilables, Keating-Owen Child Labor Act, BallingerPinchot Affair 82.______ Triple wall of privilege, Sussex/Arabic Pledges, Food Administration, Zimmerman Note (Telegram) 83. ______Underwood-Simmons Tariff, Bull Moose Party, Federal Reserve Act, he kept us out of war, Triangle Shirtwaist fire 84. ______ Volstead Act, Woodrow Wilson, reservationists, Fourteen Points, insurgents revolt 85. ______ Voting Rights Act, Barry Goldwater, Rachel Carson (Silent Spring), Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnamization, (Guam/Nixon Doctrine) 86. ______War Powers Act, Equal Rights Amendment, OPEC, Helsinki Accords, Kent State 87. ______ Whigs/2nd American Party System, Apologists view of slavery, Force Act, Independent Treasury, Specie Circular 88. ______ William Randolph Hearst, Pullman Strike, J.P. Morgan, Cross of Gold speech, Plessy v. Ferguson 89. ______ Works Progress Administration (WPA), cash and carry, sit-down strike, John Steinbeck ( Grapes of Wrath), Social Security 90. ______indentured servants, Mayflower Compact, Roger Williams, Great Puritan Migration, House of Burgesses 91. ______ Sewards Folly, sharecropping, Tenure of Office Act, redemption (redeemers), scalawags

Reviewing US History Packet Part 2

This is an intense review of things of past. Go through it with a pencil, answer the ones you know, put mark next to the ones you are not 100% sure, and leave blank the ones you have no idea. Then go through and check notes and resources to review ones you forgot. There are some repeat answers in numerous sections, if you have questions about a question, email me. PROGRESSIVE ERA: 1900-1920 (match each item with its description) a. Theodore Roosevelt b. William Howard Taft c. Woodrow Wilson d. Eugene V. Debs e. Upton Sinclair f. Ida Tarbell g. Muckrakers h. Jane Addams i. Booker T. Washington j. W.E.B. DuBois k. US v. Northern Securities (1904) l. Payne-Aldrich Act (1909) m. Bull Moose Party n. Pinchot Controversy (1909) o. 16th Amendment (1913) p. 17th Amendment (1913) th th q. 18 Amendment (1919) r. 19 Amendment (1920) s. Federal Reserve Act (1913) t. Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) 1. ____ Most unpopular Progressive Era President. President of the USA between 1909 and 1913. Second Progressive Era President who angered Theodore Roosevelt for attacking Good Trusts like US Steel. Also angered environmentalists by firing US Forestry Chief Gifford Pinchot. Perhaps his biggest mistake was not following through on his campaign pledge to lower tariffs (see political cartoon below). 2. ____ Civil Rights leader who delivered the Atlanta Compromise Speech. He was criticized by some leaders for giving in or accepting discrimination. Founded Tuskegee Institute. Hoped African Americans would obtain vocational training and rise economically. Economic opportunities, he hoped, would eventually produce social and political quality. 3. ____ First African American awarded a Ph. D. by Harvard University. Civil Rights leader who rejected the idea of waiting for political and social equality. He demanded rapid equality and also believed that a talented 10th could lead the way to improvement. 4. ____ Muckraker who wrote The Jungle- a book a bout the disgusting meat packing industry. The Pure Food & Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act were passed in reaction to this book. 5. ____ Muckraker who wrote about John D. Rockefellers ruthless business practices. Book called: A History of Standard Oil. 6. ____ Started the Settlement House movement. Opened Hull House to provide social services to poor immigrants in Chicago. 7. ____ Trustbuster & first environmentalist President. Conservationist & lover of the outdoors. President from 1901-1909. 8. ____ Prohibition. Outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages. Often called the Nobel Experiement. 9. ____ Environmentalists were angered when Taft fired the Director of the US Forestry Service. 10. ___ Voters became angry when Taft signed this law which raised import taxes (Taft had promised to lower the tariff) 11. ___ Theodore Roosevelt founded this Party while running for President in 1912. The Party ultimately ended up splitting the Republican Party and helped to elect Woodrow Wilson. 12. ___ Income Tax Amendment. 13. ___ The First Southerner and only the Second Democrat elected President after the Civil War. Served from 1913 to 1921. 14. ___ Once said: I take great interest in the Panama Canal because I helped create it. 15. ___ Exempted unions from prosecution under the Sherman Act. 16. ___ Passed to provided the federal government more control over the national money supply. 17. ___ First successful prosecution under the Sherman Antitrust Act. A railroad monopoly was busted by Teddy Roosevelt. 18. ___ Jailed during the Pullman Strike. Founded Socialist Party. Jailed in WWI for violating the Espionage & Seditions Acts. 19. ___ Womens suffrage. 20. ___ Writers who exposed social problems. Their writings triggered a lot of government reforms. The Progressive Era resulted in the rapid ______________________ of government power.

WORLD WAR ONE (match each event with its description) a. Archduke Ferdinand (1914) b. Central Powers c. Allied Powers d. Strict Neutrality (1914)

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e. He Kept Us Out of War i. Treaty of Brest-Litvosk (1917) m. War Labor Board f. Sussex Pledge (1916) j. Victory Gardens n. Great Migration g. Zimmerman Telegram (1917) k. Espionage & Sedition Acts o. Com. on Public Information h. Lusitania (1915) l. Schenck v. US

1. ____ Hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved from the South to the North where they found employment in factories during WWI and WWII. 2. ____ Outlawed criticism of the government and any attempt to interfere with the governments military draft 3. ____ Organized to mediate or settle disputes between workers and factory managers. Prevented strikes and kept the factories producing items soldiers needed to win the war! 4. ____ Woodrow Wilsons re-election campaign slogan. 5. ____ Germany promised to stop attacking the US with U-boats (submarines). 6. ____ Russia was defeated and withdrew from the War. Russia signed this treaty and gave up nearly 25% of its land area. Germany could transfer troops from the Eastern Front in Russia to the ___________ Front in France! 7. ____ Assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gabriel Princip. This event was the spark which resulted in WWI. 8. ____ Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey 9. ____ Great Britain, France, Italy. We fought to help them win. 10. ___ Program to conserve food. Americans also endured Wheatless Mondays and Meatless Tuesdays 11. ___ The most immediate reason the US declared war on Germany. Announced Germanys intention to break the Sussex Pledge. Germany promised to help Mexico attack the US if the US declared war on Germany. 12. ___ British passenger ship torpedoed by German u-boat submarine. Over 1,000 killed. Made many Americans very angry at Germany. 13. ___ CPI. The US governments propaganda machine. Messages were sent by the government to unify Americans to support the war. Messages produced a lot of anti-immigrant and anti-foreigner fear which carried over to corrupt society in the 1920s. 14. ___ Declared that the Espionage & Sedition Acts were legal and constitutional. The federal government, in other words, was allowed to limit the publics 1st Amendment right of free speech in time of war and when there was a clear & present danger. 15. ___ Wilson asked Americans to remain neutral in thought as well as in action. He hoped the USA could avoid being dragged into the European war. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES (match each item with its description) a. Senate b. Reparation Payments c. War Guilt Clause d. Article X e. 14 Point Plan f. Isolationism 1. This House of Congress must approve a Presidents treaty before it is ratified (declared legally binding) 2. Wilsons original peace proposal. He wanted to abolish secret treaties, work to prevent a costly and dangerous military arms race. Wilson hoped this would make WWI the war to end all war. 3. Part of the Charter or founding document of the League of Nations. Declared that all ember nations were expected to help defend other nations when they were attacked. Many Americans feared this might result in American troops being sent into battle without being ordered to do so by Congress or the President. Americans did not want US troops to be commanded by an international organization. 4. Part of the Treaty of Versailles that punished Germany and forced Germany to accept responsibility for starting WWI. 5. Required Germany to pay unreasonable amounts of money for having started the War. It is possible that France and England might not have required Germany to pay if the United States had not required France and England to fully repay financial debts from WWI. 1. ____ 2. ____ 3. ____ 4. ____ 5. ____

THE 1920s (match each item with its description) a. the Red Scare b. Return to Normalcy e. Kellog-Briand Pact f. Calvin Coolidge

c. Knox Resolution (1921) g. Warren G. Harding

d. Washington Conference h. Teapot Dome

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i. Model T m. Quota Acts q. Palmer Raids u. Dawes Plan y. Charles Lindbergh j. mechanization n. Sacco & Vanzetti r. Marcus Garvey v. Margin Buying z. Babe Ruth k. Nativism o. Scopes Monkey Trial s. Flappers w. McNary-Haugen Bills aa. League of Nations l. Ku Klux Klan p. Trickle Down Theory t. KDKA x. Harlem Renaissance bb. speakeasies

1. ____ Signed by the US, France and 60 other nations. The agreement officially outlawed international war. The plan, however, proved to be worthless because there was no way to enforce the agreement. 2. ____ America loaned money to help Germany repay reparations to France and England. France and England might not have forced the collections of reparation payments from Germany if the US did not pressure them to repay loans from WWI. 3. ____ Established a naval holiday. World powers agreed to halt construction of large warships for 10 years (1921-31). This was an important step to prevent an expensive naval arms race. The plan, however, was not perfect. Important classifications of warships (like submarines) were not included in the agreement. 4. ____ This was necessary because the US Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles. The US Senate agreed to this to officially end the technical state of War against Germany. 5. ____ The US Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles because Senate isolationists did not want the US to join this organization 6. ____ Triggered by the Bolshevik or Communist Revolution in Russia. Americans were also scared by the radical strikes of 1919 and by the anarchist mail bombings that same year. 7. ____ Wilsons Attorney General rounded up and arrest thousands of labor leaders, immigrants, socialists and potential communists. Several hundred were actually deported out of the country. Historians regard this as a bit of an overreaction. 8. ____ Dislike or hatred of immigrants. Often because immigrants competed for jobs with native born Americans. 9. ____ Passed to reduce the number of New Immigrants (Jews and Catholics from _____________ and ___________ Europe). 10. ___ Increased from about 5,000 to 5 million members during the post-WWI, anti-foreigner time period between (1920-25). 11. ___ Warren G. Hardings 1920 campaign promise. The Republican candidate promised to end the government social reforms that were part of the Progressive Era and WWI Homefront experience. Americans voted for Harding because the desired an end to all of the reforming and government rules they were forced to follow during the Progressive Era and WWI. 12. ___ Involved in a sensational trial that was closely followed by the mass media and public. Executed. Many argued they did not receive fair trials because they were immigrants. Convicted of murder on largely circumstantial evidence. 13. ___ Involved in a sensational trial that was closely followed by the mass media and public. Rural religious ______________ were outraged by the teaching of Darwins theory of evolution. They wanted schools teach the biblical story of Creation. Urban observers felt the rural fundamentalists were backwards or too old fashioned. 14. ___ Famous for being the first person to fly non-stop over the Atlantic. Mass media made him a hero. 15. ___ 60 homeruns! Mass Medias sports hero. 16. ___ Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen. Embraced and celebrated Black American culture. 17. ___ Founded the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association). Flamboyant leader- especially in northern urban areas. Said Black is Beautiful. Encouraged a modern Back to Africa movement. His business plans (like the Black Star Cruise Line) ultimately failed. 18. ___ Illegal liquor houses, bars, saloons. 19. ___ Cheaper because it was mass produced by Henry Ford on the assembly line. 20. ___ Other American products also declined in price because more and more machines were being used to produce items in electric powered factories. While lowering consumer prices, this process also resulted in lowering wages and increasing unemployment as machines began to do the difficult tasks that were once performed by skilled workers. 21. ___ First radio station. Radios and talkies (movies with sound) became common for the first time during the 1920s 22. ___ President Hardings Secretary of the Treasury went to jail for taking bribes and selling government oil reserves. Secretary Albert B. Fall is the highest ranking government official ever to go to jail for a corruption scandal. 23. ___ Died of a heart attack while President. He was worried about other scandals beside Albert B. Falls. 24. ___ Took over for Harding and was also elected. Served as President until 1929. Believed strongly in laissez-faire policy. Very pro-business. Wanted to reduce government intervention in the economy. Once said: The Business of America is Business. 25. ___ Republican Secretary of State Andrew Mellon served for 12 years. His economic program focused on cutting taxes for the rich. Doing this, he believed, would allow tax payers to save money which they could then invest to create businesses and jobs for the poor. Critics of his plan argue that it made the rich richer and poor poorer. 26. ___ These were designed to help American farmers who were bad off economically after WWI and during the 1920s. Passed twice by Congress but vetoed each time by Republican President Coolidge (Coolidge believed in laissez-faire). 27. ___ Practice of taking out a loan to get into the stock market. Banks who made these kinds of loans ended up losing money and failing after the stock market crashed. THE 1930s: FDRs NEW DEAL (match each item with its description) a. Underconsumption b. Hawley-Smoot Tariff c. Agricultural Adjustment Act e. Farmers f. Business Cycle g. Rugged Individualism

d. Income Gap h. FDRs Coalition

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i. Depositor Panic m. Laissez-faire q. Court Packing Plan u. Prime the Pump y. Marian Anderson j. Bonus Army n. Creeping Socialism r. Wagner Act v. Huey Long z. Social Security Act k. National Recovery Administration o. Civilian Conservation Corps s. Schechter v. US (1935) w. Francis Coughlin aa. Mary McCleod Bethune l. Fireside Chats p. Sick Industries t. Bank Holiday x. Francis Townsend bb. New Deal

1. ____ One of the main causes of the Great Depression. People, for a variety of reasons, stopped buying things. Facorties, consequently, began laying off or firing workers because they did not need to produce more items if business inventories remained high and buying was slow. Lay-offs, of course, only made the problem worse. 2. ____ Mechanization indirectly resulted in worker pay reductions. Republican Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellons Trickle Down tax cuts directly benefited the wealthy. 3. ____ Hoover attempted to protect US factories from foreign competition. The plan, however, backfired when European nations stopped buying US goods. 4. ____ Harmed by _________________________ . Already in a depression and hurting economically throughout the 1920s. 5. ____ Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon and Republican President Hoover maintained a generally laissez-faire policy after the stock market crash. They believed it would fix itself like it always had before. 6. ____ Famous African American singer. Experienced racial discrimination by not being allowed the chance to perform in Constitution Hall, Washington, DC. The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) refused because she was Black. Eleanor Roosevelt (FDRs wife) resigned her membership in the DAR to protest the racism. FDR arranged for the performance to be held on the Lincoln Memorial. 7. ____ First African American to direct a federal agency. Directed the New Deals National Youth Administration. 8. ____ The FDIC was established to prevent these. People knew banks made margin loans that were invested in the stock market. Many people rushed to withdraw savings after the market crashed. Even good banks failed because of this. 9. ____ The very first thing FDR. Kicked off the First Hundred Days of the New Deal. Ended the banking panic by closing, inspecting and reopening only sound banks. 10. ___ How FDR communicated his ideas to the public during the Great Depression & WWII. Calmed everyone down. 11. ___ Conservatives argued that the New Deal violated this principle of economics. 12. ___ Tennessee Valley Authority. Conservatives complained tha the government competed with private industry by producing cheap hydro-electric power through the TVA. The TVA also controlled floods and helped create jobs. 13. ___ Young men hired for environmental conservation projects. Planted a lot of trees and improved parks. 14. ___ Subsidies. Passed to limit production and help farmers raise prices. 15. ___ Blue Eagle was its symbol. Industries worked with government to follow codes to limit production and end cutthroat competition. The goal was to stabilize factory production and reduce industrial unemployment. Section 7a also provided workers with a minimum wage, maximum workweek, and protections for labor unions. 16. ___ Critic of FDR and the New Deal. Wanted a Revolving Pension Plan. Argued that the elderly should be given $200 each moth to spend. 17. ___ Critic of FDR and the New Deal. Radio Priest. Blamed private bankers for the Depression. Wanted the federal government to nationalize (take over and own) the banking industry. 18. ___ Most famous critic of FDR and the New Deal. The Kingfish. From Louisiana. His reform proposal was called Every Man A King. He supported a socialist program of taxing all annual income over $1 million. Assassinated. 19. ___ Workers lost jobs as new technologies replaced them or as new technologies made their occupations obsolete. Railroad workers were replaced by truckers. Coal miners were gradually replaced by oilmen, etc. 20. ___ Republican President Hoover really did care for people but he refused to provide direct government relief to help the needy. This was probably not a wise policy when 25% of the nation was unemployed. 21. ___ WWI veterans. Marched to Washington, DC to pressure Congress for early financial rewards for serving the nation. They were violently thrown out of town by the Army. The event reinforced President Hoovers image for not caring about the common man who needed help. 22. ___ The most significant law passed during the New Deal. Provided help to the elderly, unemployed, disabled, orphaned. Revolutionized the role of government- govt now is expected to help the needy. 23. ___ Sick chicken. The NRA is declared unconstitutional. 24. ___ FDR was angered by the Schechter v. US case. He hoped to protect future New Deal laws from also being declared unconstitutional. FDR lost the push to add Justices. No more New Deal laws, however, were declared unconstitutional. 25. ___ The label applied to FDRs plan to fix the economy during the Great Depression. Enlarged the role of government. 26. ___ Agencies like the Works Progress Administration created jobs for lots of people- construction workers, artists, writers, etc. The goal was to put people back to work. Working people get paychecks and spend money. Businesses need to produce more and hire more workers when people are buying. 27. ___ People who benefited from Democratic Pres. FDRs New Ddeal: African Americans, Factory Workers, Farmers. EVENTS BEFORE & CAUSES OF WORLD WAR TWO (march each item to its description) a. Treaty of Versailles (1919) b. Great Depression c. Benito Mussolini d. Francisco Franco e. Adolph Hitler f. Manchuria (1931) g. Ethiopia (1935) h. Nye Committee

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i. Neutrality Acts (1935, 36, 37) m. Poland (1939) q. French Indochina (1941) j. Panay Incident (1937) k. Munich Conference (1938) n. Lend-Lease Act (1941) o. Cash & Carry Plan (1939) r. Pearl Harbor (1941) s. Appeasement l. Nonaggression Pact (1939) p. Atlantic Charter (1941)

1. ____ Encouraged the rise of totalitarian governments (nations run by mean dictators). 2. ____ Fascist dictator who came to power during the Spanish Civil War 3. ____ Aggressive Italian fascist who invaded Albania and Ethiopia 4. ____ Aggressive German fascist dictator who invaded neighboring countries during the Anchluss (plan to unite German speaking people) 5. ____ Congress voted to declare war after this place was attacked by Japan. 6. ____ The first significant act of international aggression (when one nation invaded another). Japan invaded northern China. 7. ____ Conquered by Japan in 1941. The United States attempted to punish Japan by placing an embargo of oil and scrap metal against Japan. One of Japans responses to the embargo was to attack Pearl Harbor. 8. ____ Ended WWI. Its war guilt clause angered Germans. Its reparations requirements also negatively affected the European economy. Germans were also angered by the way the treaty took land away from Germany. 9. ____ Another act of international aggression. Italy invaded this nation. 10. ___ Argued that the United States never should have entered WWI. Encouraged isolationism. 11. ___ Isolationist laws. Passed to keep the US out of future world wars. Prohibited the sale of weapons to warring nations. 12. ___ American warship attacked in China by Japan. US public opinion forces US to evacuate China militarily to avoid war. 13. ___ Giving in to an aggressor to avoid fighting. 14. ___ The best example of Appeasement. France and England agreed to give in to Hitlers demand for the part of Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland. Hitler lied at the meeting and promised that he would no longer demand any more territory. 15. ___ Fascism and Communism are exact political opposites. Hitler and Stalin shocked the world by announcing that they would not attack each other. The two really hated each other but wanted to divide Poland- a nation created when European borders were redrawn by the Treaty of Versailles. 16. ___ Victim of the German blitzkrieg. The official start of WWII. France and England declare war after Germany invaded. 17. ___ Congress amended the Neutrality Acts to allow the sale of weapons to nations at war as long as buyers picked up their own supplies.. and as long as buyers were not allowed to buy on credit 18. ___ FDR and British Prime Minister Winston Chruchill met secretly aboard an aircraft carrier off of the coast of Newfoundland. The two planned to defeat Hitler first and to establish an international organization- the UN- to keep peace after the war. 19. ___ Passed to help the British after France was conquered by Germany. FDR explained his reasoning with a fire hose analogy. Congress announced the US would become an arsenal for democracy & provide weapons to nations fighting fascism. WWII: SELECTED ITEMS (match each item with its description) a. Operation Torch b. Operation Overlord c. Midway & Coral Sea e. MacArthur f. Eisenhower g. Leapfrogging i. Iwo Jima & Okinawa j. Korematsu v. US k. Internment

d. Rosie the Riveter h. Manhattan Project l. GI Bill

1. ____ Allied invasion to liberate North Africa from Nazi & Italian control 2. ____ D-Day (June 1944). Allied invasion of Normandy to liberate France. 3. ____ Commanded US forces in the Philippines and later during the Korean War. 4. ____ Commanded US forces in Europe. US President during the 1950s. 5. ____ Pacific War strategy. Capturing selected Japanese held islands. 6. ____ Japanese-Americans were placed in camps or minimum security prisons during WWII. Many were US citizens who did nothing wrong. They were locked up out of fear and prejudice 7. ____ Said that Japanese internment was in fact constitutional during time of war. 8. ____ Naval battles. Turning point in the Pacific war against the Empire of Japan 9. ____ Islands close to Japan. Captured by US forces late in WWII. Japan fought to the last man. Kamikaze attacks. 10. ___ Developed the first atomic weapons dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki. 11. ___ Provided WWII veterans with low interest mortgages, college tuition, and vocational training 12. ___ Symbol of the American female factory worker who went to work during WWII. Women workers!

SELECTED COLD WAR ITEMS (match each item with its description) a. Truman Doctrine (1947) b. Marshall Plan (1948) c. Berlin Airlift (1948) d. NATO (1949) e. Joseph McCarthy (1950) f. Korean War (1950-53) g. Natl Def. Highway Act (1955) h. Suez Crisis (1956)

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i. Hungarian Uprising (1956) j. Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) m. Berlin Wall constructed (1961) n. Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) k. Sputnik (1957) o. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) l. U-2 Incident (1960) p. Rosenbergs (1953)

1. ____ Trumans response to Stalins blockade of West Berlin. Stalin wanted the US out! We were a hole in the Iron Curtain. 2. ____ US provided billions in economic aid to reconstruct Western Europes economy. Goal = contain or stop communism. 3. ____ First used in Greece & Turkey. Military aid to contain communism. 4. ____ Soviet violently crush pro-democracy movement behind the Iron Curtain. Eisenhowers Secretary of State Dulles policy of Massive Retaliation fails. 5. ____ Sparked the harsh 2nd Red Scare. Claimed 205 Communists had infiltrated the US State Department. 6. ____ Executed for sending atomic secrets to the Soviet Union 7. ____ Congress passed the Nation Defense Education Act in 1958 in response to this event. Increased spending to improve high school teaching of science and mathematics- the goal was to educate a generation of American rocket scientists! First satellite. 8. ____ The Cold War turned hot when the communists launched an invasion. 9. ____ Failed plot to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba. Failed because Kennedy withdrew US air support. 10. ___ Ended the brief thaw in the Cold War. Khrushchev cancelled the Paris Summit meeting with Eisenhower because President Eisenhower refused to stop ordering US spy planes from flying over the Soviet Union. 11. ___ The US promised to send military aid to support any democration nation fighting communism in the Middle East 12. ___ 41,000 miles of interstate highways. Massive public works project signed into law by Eisenhower. Made it possible for workers to commute long distances to and from work. Suburbs like Levittown became common. Inner cities declined. 13. ___ Warsaw Pact was this items communist equivalent. 14. ___ Most dangerous event of the Cold War. President Kennedy ordered the naval quarantine or blockade. CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT (match each item with its description) a. Martin Luther King, Jr. b. Jackie Robinson c. Rosa Parks (1955) d. Thurgood Marshall e. Little Rock (1957) f. Sit-Ins (1960) g. Civil Rights Act of 1964 h. 24th Amendment i. Selma March (1964) j. Voting Rights Act of 1965 k. Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka Kansas (1955) l. De Facto segregation m. De Jure Segregation n. Swann v. Mecklenberg (1971) o. Bakke v. California 1. ____ Founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Delivered the famous I have a dream speech during the 1963 March on Washington- a peaceful, mass demonstration to pressure Congresss into supporting the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 2. ____ First African American to serve on the US Supreme Court 3. ____ First African American to play Major League Baseball in 1947. 4. ____ Arrested for violating Jim Crow segregation laws. She refused to give up her seat to a white man. 5. ____ Segregation patterns that are produced by habit and custom. 6. ____ Segregation policies enforced by law. 7. ____ Affirmative Action court decision. 8. ____ Busing court decision 9. ____ Rejected the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson separate but equal ruling. Declared school segregation to be unconstitutional. 10. ___ Outlawed discriminatory poll takes. 11. ___ Outlawed discriminatory literacy tests. Gave federal officials the power to enter southern towns to register voters when fewer than 50% of African Americans were registered to vote. 12. ___ Mass demonstrations organized by ML King and the SCLC. The SCLC wanted to draw attention to the voting issue. 13. ___ Outlawed segregation in public facilities. Ended Jim Crow system. 14. ___ President Eisenhower was forced to send troops to integrate this school. CHRONOLOGY REVIEW (place events in order)
a. Lincolns Election (1860) b. Kansas-Nebraska Act c. Compromise of 1850 d. South Carolina Secedes e. Bleeding Kansas

1st ____ 2nd ____ 3rd ____ 4th ____ 5th ____ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a. Intolerable Acts Passed
st nd rd

b. Tea Act Passed c. Lexington & Concord


th th

d. Boston Tea Party e. Suffolk Resolves Adopted

1 ____ 2 ____ 3 ____ 4 ____ 5 ____ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a. Congress Declares War b. French Indochina Invaded c. US Embargo Against Japan d. Pearl Harbor Attacked 1st ____ 2nd ____ 3rd ____ 4th ____

VIETNAM (match each item with its description) a. Domino Theory b. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution e. Tet Offensive (1968) f. Ho Chi Minh Trail

c. Operation Rolling Thunder g. Kent State (1971)

d. Escalation h. Vietnamization

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1. ____ Turning point in the War. US public opinion and support for the war decreases after the Vietcong attack targets throughout Vietnam. US public especially concerned watching TV news reports of the US embassy being attacked. 2. ____ President LB Johnson is given power to use complete military power to fight the communists. LBJ was given this power after Congress learned of unprovoked attacks against the US in international waters off the coast of North Vietnam. 3. ____ Reason for fighting the Vietnam War- to stop the spread of communism. 4. ____ Students shot by national guardsmen in Ohio. Students were protesting an apparent widening of the Vietnam War. 5. ____ President Nixons plan to gradually withdraw US ground troops from Vietnam. SELECTED ITEMS FROM THE 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s (match each item with its description) a. UN General Assembly b. UN Security Council c. New Frontier e. Television f. microchip g. Camp David Accords i. Great Society j. Three Mile Island (1979) k. US v. Nixon (1974) m. Silent Majority n. Moral Majority o. Afghanistan (1979) q. The Feminine Mystique (1963) r. Silent Spring (1966) s. Gray Panthers u. Christie McAuliffe v. Sandra Day OConnor u. Geraldine Ferarro w. Supply-Side Theory x. Reagonomics y. Manuel Noriega aa. Star Wars or SDI bb. Beatniks cc. Sunbelt ee. Stagflation d. Peace Corps h. Roe v. Wade (1973) l. SALT I (1972) p. China (1972) t. NOW v. Deregulation z. Grenada dd. OPEC Embargo

1. ____ All nations belong to this part of the United Nations 2. ____ The US is one of five permanent members of this part of the United Nations. Determines military actions. 3. ____ Very expensive military projected supported by President Reagan. Designed to protect the US from nuclear attack. 4. ____ Cut taxes for the rich who will invest in the economy and create jobs for the poor. A lot like Mellons trickle down theory from the 1920s. 5. ____ Nuclear power plant that almost had a meltdown. The Russian plant Chernobyl actually did meltdown in 1986. 6. ____ Communication technology that revolutionized entertainment in the 1950s. 7. ____ Technological development that allowed for the mass production of desktop computers in the 1980s. 8. ____ Legalized abortion in the first trimester. 9. ____ Part of President Reagans plan to improve the economy. Removal of government rules that businesses are required to follow. Generally laissez-faire approach. Felt that private businesses could make better decisions than lawmakers or bureaucrats. 10. ___ President Carters most significant accomplishment. A major step toward peace in the Middle East. Peace treaty signed between Israel and Egypt. 11. ___ Died when the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded 12. ___ Nominated for Vice President of the United States by the Democratic Party in 1984. 13. ___ First woman to serve on the Supreme Court 14. ___ Failed because 3/4ths of the states failed to ratify it. Equal Rights Amendment 15. ___ Written by Betty Freidan. Sparked the modern feminist movement. 16. ___ Written by Rachel Carson. Sparked the modern environmentalist movement. 17. ___ President Bush ordered US troops to invade Panama to arrest him. He was involved in the cocaine drug trade. 18. ___ Tiny Caribbean Island. President Reagan ordered invasion to stop spread of Cuban communism there. 19. ___ Organized by President JF Kennedy. Young people volunteered to live and work in poorer Third World nations. 20. ___ US and Soviet Union agreed to limit development of atomic weapons for 5 years. A major step to end the arms race 21. ___ Nixon visited this nation and established relations. 22. ___ President Kennedy administrations name brand 23. ___ President LB Johnsons name brand. Included massive spending for a War on Poverty 24. ___ Economic problem of the 1970s. Inflation was triggered by: the energy crisis, increased government spending on the Vietnam War and on social programs. Prices inflated while unemployment also increased. 25. ___ Conservative Republican voters who supported Richard Nixon in 1968 and 1972. 26. ___ New Right conservative Republican voters who supported Ronald Reagan in 1980 and 1984. 27. ___ 1950s writers. Criticized Americans fro being materialistic and culturally shallow. 28. ___ Where people were moving in the 1970s and 1980s. Southern and Western USA. 29. ___ Punished the US for supporting Israel during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. 30. ___ Concerned with the rights of the elderly 31. ___ White House Tapes. Argument of Executive Privilege was rejected. Watergate Scandal.

U.S. History Thematic Thinking Part 3


Using the 12 themes below you will produce one of the following three items for each topic. Choose one option for each theme

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1. 10 Note Cards a. 3x5 minimum b. Should have detailed information on each of the events you decided on this theme c. Theme should be written in upper right hand corner of card d. Term should on front (non-lined side) of card e. Write detailed definition on the back, including date, and one similar event not on another card (Ex. If your term was Populists, after definition you could write: Similar: Greenback, Grangers, Progressives) Visual Representation of 10 events a. Pictures that weave 10 events related to the theme together b. Provide a short bullet pointed explanation of each event with date on the back Graphic Organizer a. Must be organized no bubble maps with no rhyme or reason b. Each should fit on or two sheets of paper (explanations can be on separate sheet) c. Goal is to help you organize these different events, so make sure whatever method you use is helpful

2. 3.

(You can mix and match and do some pictures, some graphic organizers, and some note cards, or you can do all of one of these options.) American Culture: diverse individual and collective expressions through literature, art, philosophy, music, theater, and film throughout U.S. history; popular culture and the dimensions of cultural conflict within American society. American Diversity: diversity of U.S. people and relationships among different groups; the role of race, class, ethnicity, and gender in the history of the U.S. American Identity: views of the American national character & ideas about U.S. exceptionalism. Recognizing regional differences within the context of what it means to be an American. Demographic Changes: political, social, economic implications changes in birth, marriage, and death rates; life expectancy and family patterns; population size and density; the economic, social, and political effects of immigration, internal migration, and migration networks. Economic Transformation: changes in trade, commerce, and technology across time; the effects of capitalist development, labor and unions, and consumerism. Environmental Issues: ideas about the consumption and conservation of natural resources; the impact of population growth, industrialization, pollution, and urban and suburban expansion. Globalization: engagement with the world from the 15th century to present: colonialism, mercantilism, global hegemony, development of markets, imperialism, cultural exchange. Politics & Citizenship: colonial and revolutionary legacies, U.S. political traditions, growth of democracy, & development of the modern state. Defining citizenship; struggles for civil rights. Religion in the U.S.: the variety of religious beliefs and practices in America from prehistory to the 21st century; influence of religion on politics, economics, and society. Slavery and its impact and legacy: systems of slave labor and other forms of unfree labor (e.g., indentured servants, contract labor) in Native American societies, the Atlantic World, and the American South and West; the economics of slavery and its racial dimensions; patterns of resistance and the long-term economic, political and social effects of slavery. Social & Political Movements and Reforms: includes anti-slavery, education, labor, temperance, womens rights, civil rights, gay rights, public health, and government. War & Diplomacy: armed conflict from the pre-colonial period to the 21st century; impact of war on American foreign policy and on politics, economy, and society.

Make a 1 DBQ OR 3 Free Response Questions Part 4 DBQ Choose 1 of 3 Topics

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1. Social Issues of 1850s- 1870s 2. Late 19th Century / Early 20th Century American Imperialism 3. Social Issues of Early America 1783-1915 For each: 1. Start by looking up the topic online and in your book, looking at some of the issues and debates around it and find some documents that might be helpful in understanding these issues. 2. Write a prompt (Make sure it is a complex question that asks either to: Assess the validity of a generalization, Evaluate a concept/generalization, determine To what extent, or Assess the effects of or reasons for some particular phenomenon.) 3. Find 5 Documents (At least one must be a visual picture/political cartoon) (Type of things you are looking for: Letters, Speeches, memos, laws) each should be within your specific time period. 4. Write a thesis 5. Bullet point 4 other outside pieces of information you would use to support your thesis (no need to explain just list the event/person/law.

or
FRQ Create 3 separate FRQ prompts, your thesis, and a 4 bullet point specifics you would use. For each: 1. Start by choosing one of the APUSH themes. Then make a comparison of 2 different time periods in history that have some similarities, but some differences, and formulate a question based on that.
2. Write a prompt (Make sure it is a complex question that asks either to: Assess the validity of a

generalization, Evaluate a concept/generalization, determine To what extent, or Compare the influence of some institution during different periods .) (Ex. To what extent can the 1920s be compared to the
Gilded Age?)

3. Write a thesis 4. Bullet point 4 other outside pieces of information you would use to support your thesis (no need to explain just list the event/person/law)

Mystery Docs Part 5 For each of the quotations below, provide the following information in the provided box (see example). DATE CONTEXT DOCUMENT & DOCUMENT EXCERPT

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WHY IMPORTANT? ex
1787 James Madison Ratification Process after Constitutional Convention, Convincing NY to join union Federalist Paper #51 Demonstrates the importance of Checks and Balances, included in Constitutional Convention ex. Veto, Presidential appointments, and later judicial review
If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.

SEC. 2. No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color.

This is a serious course upon which we embark. I would not recommend it except that the alternative is much more serious. The United States contributed $341,000,000,000 toward winning World War II. This is an investment in world freedom and world peace. The assistance that I am recommending for Greece and Turkey amounts to little more than 1 tenth of 1 per cent of this investment. It is only common sense that we should safeguard this investment and make sure that it was not in vain. The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. We must keep that hope alive. The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms. If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world -- and we shall surely endanger the welfare of our own nation. Great responsibilities have been placed upon us by the swift movement of events.

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SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the supreme court of the United States shall consist of a chief justice and five associate justices, any four of whom shall be a quorum, and shall hold annually at the seat of government two sessions, the one commencing the first Monday of February, and the other the first Monday of August. That the associate justices shall have precedence according to the date of their commissions, or when the commissions of two or more of them bear date on the same day, according to their respective ages.

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It is not true that the United States feels any land hunger or entertains any projects as regards the other nations of the Western Hemisphere save such as are for their welfare. All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.

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SECOND. And, among other things, said rules shall provide and declare, as nearly as the conditions of good administration will warrant, as follows: First, for open, competitive examinations for testing the fitness of applicants for the public service now classified or to be classified here- under. Such examinations shall be practical in their character, and so far as may be shall relate to those matters which will fairly test the relative capacity and fitness of the persons examined to discharge the duties of the service into which they seek to be

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appointed.

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We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal or alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you.

SECTION 1. I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of Defense to order into the active military service of the United States as he may deem appropriate to carry out the purposes of this Order, any or all of the units of the National Guard of the United States and of the Air National Guard of the United States within the State of Arkansas to serve in the active military service of the United States for an indefinite period and until relieved by appropriate orders. SEC. 2. The Secretary of Defense is authorized and directed to take all appropriate steps to enforce any orders of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas for the removal of obstruction of justice in the State of Arkansas with respect to matters relating to enrollment and attendance at public schools in the Little Rock School District, Little Rock, Arkansas. In carrying out the provisions of this section, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to use the units, and members thereof, ordered into the active military service of the United States pursuant to Section 1 of this Order. SEC. 3. (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, the President may, from time to time. when he deems it in the interest of national defense, authorize the Secretary Of War, the Secretary of the Navy, or the bead of any other department or agency of the Government (1) To manufacture in arsenals, factories, and shipyards under their jurisdiction, or otherwise procure, to the extent to which funds are made available therefor, or contracts are authorized from time to time by the Congress, or both, any defense article for the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States. (2) To sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of, to any such government any defense article, but no defense article not manufactured or procured under paragraph Art. 4. The said territory, and the States which may be formed therein, shall forever remain a part of this Confederacy of the United States of America, subject to the Articles of Confederation, and to such alterations therein as shall be constitutionally made; and to all the acts and ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled, conformable thereto. The inhabitants and settlers in the said territory shall be subject to pay a part of the federal debts contracted or to be contracted, and a proportional part of the expenses of government, to be apportioned on them by Congress according to the same common rule and measure by which apportionments thereof shall be made on the other States; and the taxes for paying their proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the district or districts, or new States, as in the original States, within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled. Art. 6. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided, always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid.

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Whereas these attackers are part of deliberate and systematic campaign of aggression that the Communist regime in North Vietnam has been waging against its neighbors and the nations joined with them in the collective defense of their freedom; and Whereas the United States is assisting the peoples of southeast Asia to protest their freedom and has no territorial, military or political ambitions in that area, but desires only that these people should be left in peace to work out their destinies in their own way: Now, therefore be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack

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against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression.

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Sec. 6. That upon the completion ef said allotments and the patenting of the lands to said allottees, each and every nmmber of the respective bands or tribes of Indians to whom allotments have been made shall have the benefit of and be subject to the laws, both civil and criminal, of the State or Territory in which they may reside; and no Territory shall pass or enforce any law denying any such Indian within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law. And every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States to whom allotments shall have been made under the provisions of this act, or under any law or treaty, and every Indian born within the territorial limits of the United States who has voluntarily taken up, within said limits, his residence separate and apart from any tribe of Indians therein, and has adopted the habits of civilized life, is hereby declared to be a citizen of the United States, and is entitled to all the rights, privileges, and immunities of such citizens, whether said Indian has been or not, by birth or otherwise, a member of any tribe of Indians within the territorial limits of the United States without in any manner affecting the right of any such Indian to tribal or other property. A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment. Our arms must be mighty, ready for instant action, so that no potential aggressor may be tempted to risk his own destruction. Our military organization today bears little relation to that known by any of my predecessors in peace time, or indeed by the fighting men of World War II or Korea. Until the latest of our world conflicts, the United States had no armaments industry. American makers of plowshares could, with time and as required, make swords as well. But now we can no longer risk emergency improvisation of national defense; we have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions. Added to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. We annually spend on military security more than the net income of all United State corporations. This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence-economic, political, even spiritual-is felt in every city, every state house, every office of the Federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together.

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Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place for those who died here, that the nation might live. This we may, in all propriety do. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow, this ground-- The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have hallowed it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here; while it can never forget what they did here. XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. In regard to these essential rectifications of wrong and assertions of right we feel ourselves to be intimate partners of all the governments and peoples associated together against the Imperialists. We cannot be separated in interest or divided in purpose. We stand together until the end. For such arrangements and covenants we are willing to fight and to continue to fight until they are achieved; but only because we wish the right to prevail and desire a just and stable peace such as can be secured only by removing the chief provocations to war, which this programme does remove. We have no jealousy of German greatness, and there is nothing in this programme that impairs it. We grudge her no achievement or distinction of learning or of pacific enterprise such as have made her record very bright and very enviable. We do not wish to injure her or to block in any way her legitimate influence or power. We do not wish to fight her either with arms or with hostile arrangements of trade if she is willing to associate herself with us and the other peace- loving nations of the world in covenants of justice and law and fair dealing. We wish her only to accept a place of equality among the peoples of the world, -the new world in which we now live, -- instead of a place of mastery.

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The most Christian King and the United States of North America, to wit, New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhodes island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, having this Day concluded a Treaty of amity and Commerce, for the reciprocal advantage of their Subjects and Citizens have thought it necessary to take into consideration the means of strengthening those engagements and of rondring them useful to the safety and tranquility of the two

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parties, particularly in case Great Britain in Resentment of that connection and of the good correspondence which is the object of the said Treaty, should break the Peace with france, either by direct hostilities, or by hindring her commerce and navigation, in a manner contrary to the Rights of Nations, and the Peace subsisting between the two Crowns; and his Majesty and the said united States having resolved in that Case to join their Councils and efforts against the Enterprises of their common Enemy, the respective Plenipotentiaries, impower'd to concert the Clauses & conditions proper to fulfil the said Intentions, have, after the most mature Deliberation, concluded and determined on the following Articles.

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Can the people of a Territory in any lawful way, against the wishes of any citizen of the United States, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution? I answer emphatically, as Mr. Lincoln has heard me answer a hundred times from every stump in Illinois, that in my opinion the people of a Territory can, by lawful means, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution. Mr Lincoln knew that I had answered that question over and over again. He heard me argue the Nebraska bill on that principle all over the State in 1854, in 1855, and in 1856, and he has no excuse for pretending to be in doubt as to my position on that question. It matters not what way the Supreme Court may hereafter decide as to the abstract question whether slavery may or may not go into a Territory under the Constitution, the people have the lawful means to introduce it or exclude it as they please, for the reason that slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere, unless it is supported by local police regulations. Those police regulations can only be established by the local legislature; and if the people are opposed to slavery, they will elect representatives to that body who will by unfriendly legislation effectually prevent the introduction of it into their midst. If, on the contrary, they are for it, their legislation will favor its extension. Hence, no matter what the decision of the Supreme Court may be on that abstract question, still the right of the people to make a Slave Territory or a Free Territory is perfect and complete under the Nebraska bill. I hope Mr. Lincoln deems my answer satisfactory on that point. "I.-That the government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other compact with any foreign power or powers which will impair or tend to impair the independence of Cuba, nor in any manner authorize or permit any foreign power or powers to obtain by colonization or for military or naval purposes or otherwise, lodgement in or control over any portion of said island." "III. That the government of Cuba consents that the United States may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty, and for discharging the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the treaty of Paris on the United States, now to be assumed and undertaken by the government of Cuba."

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Sec 2. The Senator from Wisconsin, , in writing to the chairman of the Select Committee to Study Censure Charges (Mr. Watkins) after the Select Committee had issued its report and before the report was presented to the Senate charging three members of the Select Committee with "deliberate deception" and "fraud" for failure to disqualify themselves; in stating to the press on November 4, 1954, that the special Senate session that was to begin November 8, 1954, was a "lynchparty"; in repeatedly describing this special Senate session as a "lynch bee" in a nationwide television and radio show on November 7, 1954; in stating to the public press on November 13, 1954, that the chairman of the Select Committee (Mr. Watkins) was guilty of "the most unusual, most cowardly things I've ever heard of" and stating further: "I expected he would be afraid to answer the questions, but didn't think he'd be stupid enough to make a public statement"; and in characterizing the said committee as the "unwitting handmaiden," "involuntary agent" and "attorneys-in-fact" of the Communist Party and in charging that the said committee in writing its report "imitated Communist methods -- that it distorted, misrepresented, and omitted in its effort to manufacture a plausible rationalization" in support of its recommendations to the Senate, which characterizations and charges were contained in a statement released to the press and inserted in the Congressional Record of November 10, 1954, acted contrary to senatorial ethics and tended to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute, to obstruct the constitutional processes of the Senate, and to impair its dignity; and such conduct is hereby condemned. 1. Resolved that it is the opinion of this Committee that a national government ought to be established consisting of a Supreme Legislative, Judiciary, and Executive. 2. Resolved. that the national Legislature ought to consist of Two Branches.

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7. Resolved. that the right of suffrage in the first branch of the national Legislature ought not to be according to the rule established in the articles of confederation: but according to some equitable ratio of representation namely, in proportion to the whole number of white and other free citizens and inhabitants of every age, sex, and condition including those bound to servitude for a term of years, and three fifths of all other persons not comprehended in the foregoing description, except Indians, not paying taxes in each State. 8. Resolved. that the right of suffrage in the second branch of the national Legislature ought to be according to the rule established for the first.

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SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That so soon as the military resistance to the United States shall have been suppressed in any such state, and the people thereof shall have sufficiently returned to their obedience to the constitution and the laws of the United States, the provisional governor shall direct the marshal of the United States, as speedily as may be, to name a sufficient number of deputies, and to enroll all white male citizens of the United States, resident in the state in their respective counties, and to request each one to take the oath to support the constitution of the United States, and in his enrolment to designate those who take and those who refuse to take that oath, which rolls shall be forthwith returned to the provisional governor; and if the persons taking that oath shall amount to a majority of the persons enrolled in the state, he shall, by proclamation, invite the loyal people of the state to elect delegates to a convention charged to declare the will of the people of the state relative to the reestablish- ment of a state government subject to, and in conformity with, the constitution of the United States. This government is acknowledged by all to be one of enumerated powers. The principle, that it can exercise only the powers granted to it, [is] now universally admitted. But the question respecting the extent of the powers actually granted, is perpetually arising, and will probably continue to arise, as long as our system shall exist. . . . Among the enumerated powers, we do not find that of establishing a bank or creating a corporation. But there is no phrase in the instrument which, like the articles of confederation, excludes incidental or implied powers; and which requires that everything granted shall be expressly and minutely described. Even the 10th amendment, which was framed for the purpose of quieting the excessive jealousies which had been excited, omits the word "expressly," and declares only that the powers "not delegated to the United States, nor prohibited to the States, are reserved to the States or to the people"; thus leaving the question, whether the particular power which may become the subject of contest has been delegated to the one government, or prohibited to the other, to depend on a fair construction of the whole instrument. The men who drew and adopted this amendment had experienced the embarrassments resulting from the insertion of this word in the articles of confederation, and probably omitted it to avoid those embarrassments. A constitution, to contain an accurate detail of all the subdivisions of which its great powers will admit, and of all the means by which they may be carried into execution, would partake of the prolixity of a legal code, and could scarcely be embraced by the human mind. It would probably never be understood by the public. Its nature, therefore, requires, that only its great outlines should be marked, its important objects designated, and the minor ingredients which compose those objects be deduced from the nature of the objects themselves. That this idea was entertained by the framers of the American constitution, is not only to be inferred from the nature of the instrument, but from the language. Why else were some of the limitations, found in the ninth section of the 1st article, introduced? It is also, in some degree, warranted by their having omitted to use any restrictive term which might prevent its receiving a fair and just interpretation. In considering this question, then, we must never forget that it is a constitution we are expounding. Although, among the enumerated powers of government, we do not find the word "bank," or "incorporation," we find the great powers to lay and collect taxes; to borrow money; to regulate commerce; to declare and conduct a war; and to raise and support armies and navies. The sword and the purse, all the external relations, and no inconsiderable portion of the industry of the nation, are entrusted to its government.

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