TRNG I HC VINH KHOA IN T VIN THNG

N NG DNG CNG NGH THNG TIN CHO IN T VIN THNG

ti: NG DNG PHN MM PROTEUS M PHNG V KHO ST MCH RLC

Ngi hng dn: ThS. DNG NH T Sinh vin thc hin: TRN QUANG KHNH MSSV: 0951083123 Lp: 48K TVT

Vinh, 02/2011
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Mc Lc
Li ni u Phn I. Gii thiu ti 1.1. 1.2. Mc ch ti Cch tip cn ti

Phn II. C S L Thuyt 2.1. Cc thnh phn mch kho st 2.2. Qu trnh din ra trong mch 2.3. Phn mm Proteus. 2.3.1. Phn mm ISIS Proteus v hng dn s dng chi tit. 2.3.2. s dng cc cng c o c, hin th dng sng c bn. 2.3.2.a. Dao ng k Oscilloscope (OSCI) 2.3.2.b Cc biu dng sng 2.3.6.c Cc Ampere k v Volt k (AM v VM) - PHN III. ng dng Protues trong kho st mch: Kho st dao ng mch RLC. 3.1. Gii thiu v thnh phn mch in. 3.1.1. in tr. 3.1.2. T in. 3.1.3. Cun cm. 3.1.4. Mt s qu trnh din ra trong mch RLC. 3.2. M Phng 3.2.1. o dao ng mch bng Tn hiu tng t (Anolog). 3.1.2. o thng s hiu in th 2 u cun cm bng thit b o dao ng k. 3.3. M rng ti. Kt lun

LI NI U.
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Trong cuc sng hin nay ngnh cng ngh thng tin ang ngy cng c ng gp quan trng,lnh vc no c s ng gp ca cng ngh thng tin cng em li s pht trin vc bc, cng ngh thng tin em li s chnh xc cao, tc nhanh cho cng vic, p ng c nhu cu lao ng, sinh hot vui chi gii tr ca con ngi. Cng ngh thng tin hin nay c mt hu ht trong cc ngnh ngh ca cuc sng nh gio dc, kinh t, y tk c trong b my chnh ph. Ngnh in t vin thng l nghnh c lin quan mt thit vi ngnh cng ngh thng tin, trong s pht trin ca ngnh TVT t trc n nay vic ng dng CNTT lm cho in t vin thng c c nhng bc nhy vt, a vai tr ca n ln tm ton cu. v vy vic tm hiu, pht trin cc ng dng ngnh CNTT cho in t vin thng l iu ht sc cn thit, p ng c yu cu pht trin theo chiu hng vi m nh hin nay. Trong TVT vic thit k, m phng mch, v s nguyn l l mt nhu cu quan trng, i hi tinh vi, chnh xc cao. Vi s tr gip ca phn mm ORCAD c pht trin bi cng ty Cadence gip cho ngi k s ca TVT tin hnh c thun li hn . Proteus l mt chng trnh dng m phng kh mnh hin nay. N l mt phn mm kh y cc chc nng: C th m phng c mch ( mnh nht ) n va c th thit k mch, xut ra mch in. Ni chnh xc hn Proteus l mt b phn mm bao gm nhiu phn mm tr gip trong qu trnh m phng v thit k mch. ISIS 7 Professional m phng mch in, ARES 7 Professional v mch in, thit k mch. Cc th vin linh kin ca Proteus c th coi l kh mnh, v c th m phng hu ht cc linh kin cc thit b trn phng th nghim hin nay.

CHNG I. GII THIU TI 1.1 Mc ch ca ti: S dng phn mm Protues m phng mch RLC s dng dng mt chiu. 1.2 Cch tip cn ti: Trong lnh vc khoa hc cng ngh ngy cng pht trin khng ngng ngnh tin hc ni chung c mt hu nh trong tt c cc ngnh ngh t n gin n phc tp . Cng ngh tin hc gip ch khng nh vo cng vic ging dy v mang li nhiu kt qu khng nh. Hin nay vic sinh vin khng hiu bit r, cch s dng cc thit b th nghim t tin trong phng th nghim khin nhiu thit b h hng do khng bit cch s dng hoc thao tc sai dn n on mch gy h hng. Nhng CNTT to ra nhiu phn mm m phng c hot ng gn nh l y ht cc thit b trong phng th nghim. V Proteus l mt phn mm c kh nng M phng kh mnh trong s cc phm mm m phng hin nay. Nn vic ng dng Proteus vo m phng l iu rt cn thit cho sinh vin TVT.

CHNG II: C S L THUYT

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2.1.

Cc thnh phn mch kho st mch RLC. + T in + Cun cm + in tr + Ngun DC, ni t

2.2. 2.3.

Qu Trnh Din Ra Trong mch. Kho sat tn hiu ca mch RLC Phn Mm Proteus. 2.3.1. Phn mm ISIS Protues 7 Professional v hng dn s dng chi tit + Khi ng chng trnh Start All Programs Protues 7 Professional ISIS 7 Professional

- Ta c mn hnh giao din

Gii

thiu

bn.

Bao gm cc menu quen thuc nh: File. View, Edit, Tools Ta c th thc hin hu ht cc lnh ca ca ISIS ti y (tr cc lnh ca thanh cng c). - Thanh tc v Cha mt s lnh ca thanh trnh n dng Shortcut nh New, Save, Open v cc nt sau: Lm ti mn hnh v cc chnh sa
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Bt/Tt li cho bn v Chn gc ta Cc cng c phng to, thu nh ton mch Undo/Redo Ct, Sao chp, Dn Cc lnh tc ng ln i tng c chn trc Cc cng c chnh sa to th vin linh kin Bt/Tt ch m phng trn nn thi gian thc Bt/Tt ch t ni dy trong s nguyn l Tm kim linh kin Chnh sa thuc tnh chung Cc cng c qun l trang lm vic Xut danh sch linh kin Kim tra li mch in (ERC) Lin thng ARES v mch in - Thanh cng c

Component -Thm linh kin vo bn v Junction - Thm im ni giao nhau ca ng dy Wire Label - Gn tn cho ng dy Text Script - Thm Text vo bn v

Bus - V ng Bus Sub Circuit Mch ph Instant Edit Mode Chnh sa nhanh thuc tnh linh kin Inter Sheet Terminal Ni u cc Device Pin V chn linh kin Simulation Graph V th m phng Tape Recoder Bng ghi Generator - Cc my pht tn hiu Voltage Probe u d in p Current Probe u d dng in Virtual Instrument Cc thit b o Cc cng c v 2D

Chn

linh

kin.

10

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Cch ly mt s thit b trong mch cn kho st: + Cch ly t in

12

Ly

cun

cm:

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Cch

ly

in

tr.

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+Cch

ly

ngun

Chiu:

2.3.2. S dng cc cng c o c, hin th dng sng c bn 2.3.2.a Dao ng k Oscilloscope (OSCI) Chn Virtual Instruments Oscilloscope c im: C 2 knh ng vo Hin th n knh, 2 knh hoc ch XY chia bin : 20V/div 2mV/div chia thi gian 200ms/div 0.5 s/div
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 s dng ta ni cc knh ca OSCI vi cc im cn quan st dng sng, sau cho mch chy m phng, lp tc cc mn hnh hin th ca OSCI hin th vi cc nt iu chnh nh sau:

2.3.2.b Cc biu dng sng ISIS cho php chng ta v c 13 loi biu m phng tn hiu khc nhau: - Tn hiu tng t - Tn hiu s - Tn hiu tng t - s - Tn hiu tn s - Tn hiu truyn dn - Tn hiu nhiu - Tn hiu mo - Tn hiu ph - Tn hiu m tn - Tn hiu tng h - Tn hiu thch nghi - Tn hiu qut DC - Tn hiu qut AC
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(Anolog) (Digital) (Mixed) (Frequency) (Transfer) (Noise) (Distortion) (Fourier) (Audio) (InterActive) (Conformance) (DC sweep) (AC sweep)

Chn Simulation Graph Tip sau ta chn loi biu , ko r chut tri v mt khing biu vi kch thc ph hp trong vng lm vic. V d ta v mt biu phn tch tn hiu tng t nh sau:

Nhp chut vo thanh tiu cu biu , bng thit lp thng s hin ra:

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Do mc nh cc biu ca ISIS c mu en nn c th gy kh khn khi hin th v in n. Chng ta c th thay i mu sc ca biu bng cch chn Option Graph Colours trn thanh Menu. T y ta c th thay i ton b mu sc biu theo mun.

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Ta quan tm n phn iu khin biu gm c cc cng c sau:

Qua tri phi cu biu Co, dn trc thi gian Xem tp tin qu trnh m phng

Cc biu ca ISIS c d liu t cc u d tn hiu (Probe) c trn mch in m phng. Do v dng sng ta cn t trc cc u d ny ti cc v tr cn thit. gn cc u d cho biu trn bng Menu ta chn Graph Add trace s hin ra bng sau:

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Ta chn cc u cn d sau nhn OK. Tip tc nhn Run hoc phm Space tin hnh m phng. Dng sng tn hiu s xut hin. c c gi tr c th ti cc thi im bn nhp chut ln biu ti v tr bt k xut hin ng ging sau r ng ging ny n thi im cn v c gi tr gc di bn phi ca biu . Nu trn biu c 2 th tr ln th bn nhp chut ln n ri hy r ng ging. V d:

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i vi cc dng biu khc ta thc hin tng t. 2.3.6.c Cc Ampere k v Volt k (AM v VM) Gm c cc loi sau:

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 ly AM v VM bn chn Virtual Instruments:

thay i cc thng s ca cc AM v VM bn nhp chut phi tri ln n, bng Edit Component xut hin, thay i thang o trong Display Range:

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PHN III. ng dng Protues trong kho st mch: Kho st dao ng mch RLC. 3.4. Gii thiu v thnh phn mch in. 3.1.1. in tr. Khi nim v in tr.
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in tr l g ? Ta hiu mt cch n gin - in tr l s cn tr dng in ca mt vt dn in, nu mt vt dn in tt th in tr nh, vt dn in km th in tr ln, vt cch in th in tr l v cng ln.

in tr thng in tr ca dy dn : in tr ca dy dn ph thc vo cht liu, di v tit din ca dy. c tnh theo cng thc sau: 1. R = .L / S Trong l in tr xut ph thuc vo cht liu L l chiu di dy dn S l tit din dy dn R l in tr n v l Ohm 3.1.2. T in. nh ngha : T in l linh kin in t th ng c s dng rt rng ri trong cc mch in t, chng c s dng trong cc mch lc ngun, lc nhiu, mch truyn tn hiu xoay chiu, mch to dao ng Cu to ca t in :Cu to ca t in gm hai bn cc t song song, gia c mt lp cch in gi l in mi. Ngi ta thng dng giy, gm , mica, giy tm ho cht lm cht in mi v t in cng c phn loi theo tn gi ca cc cht in mi ny nh T giy, T gm, T ho.

Cu to t gm Cu to t ha
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3.1.3.

Cun Cm.

a. Khi nim Cun cm l mt linh kin in t th ng, thng dng trong mch in c dng in bin i theo thi gian (nh cc mch in xoay chiu). Cun cm c tc dng lu tr nng lng dng t nng (nng lng ca t trng to ra bi cun cm khi dng in i qua); v lm dng in b tr pha so vi in p mt gc bng 90. Cun cm c c trng bng t cm, o trong h o lng quc t theo n v henri (H). Cun cm c t cm cng cao th cng to ra t trng mnh v d tr nhiu nng lng. Cun cm l mt linh kin in t l thuc vo tn s ch dn in tn s thp

Cun cm

b. Cu to ca cun cm - Cc i lng c trng Cu to ca cun cm, Cc i lng c trng (H s t cm, cm khng, in tr thun). Tnh cht np x ca cun dy.

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Cun

dy

li

khng

kh

Cun dy li ferit 3.1.4. Mt s qu trnh din ra trong mch RLC. Qu trnh xc lp: l trng thi vic cn bng n nh ca mch in. Qu trnh qu : Qu trnh qu trong mch in l qu trnh mch chuyn t trng thi ban u ny ti mt trng thi xc lp khc di mt tc ng kch thch no . Bi ton qu l bi ton tm cc qu trnh qu xy ra trong mch in. V mt l thuyt, thi gian qu ca mch l v cng ln, song trong thc t thng ch tnh bng n v nano giy n mili giy. Thng thng loi bi ton ny gn lin vi mt kho ng ngt cc nhnh mch hoc l ngun tc ng lm vic ch t bin. Thi im trong mch xy ra t bin thng c quy c lm gc (t=0). V mt hnh thc, qu trnh qu trong mch c th coi nh s xp chng ca dao ng t do v dao ng cng bc. i vi cc h n nh tnh, dao ng t do khng c ngun duy tr nn tt dn theo thi gian. Khi dao ng t do tt hn, trong mch ch cn li dao ng cng bc v khi mch t n trng thi xc lp mi. i vi cc h khng n nh tnh, dao ng t do c th tng dn theo thi gian v trong mch xut hin hin tng t kch. C mt dng m hnh mch rt quan trng trong thc t, l cc mch dao ng n. Mch dao ng n y l cc mch gm c ba thng s th ng R, L, Cmc ni tip hoc song song vi nhau. Dng in trong mch c phn ra thnh giai on qu v giai on xc lp. Dng in tng hp trong giai on qu l tng dng in t do v dng in cng bc, ko di trong sut thi gian tt. Khi hai vect thnh phn dao ng theo nhng tn s khc nhau s dn n hin tng phch, ni dung ca hin tng ny nh sau:
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Dng in trong mch c phn ra thnh giai on qu v giai on xc lp. Dng in tng hp trong giai on qu l tng dng in t do v dng in cng bc, ko di trong sut thi gian tt. Khi hai vect thnh phn dao ng theo nhng tn s khc nhau s dn n hin tng phch, ni dung ca hin tng ny nh sau:

+ Khi hai vect thnh phn cng phng & chiu (tc cng pha) th bin vect tng hp s t gi tr max (bng tng i s ca hai thnh phn).

+ Khi hai vect thnh phn cng phng nhng ngc chiu (tc ngc pha) th bin vect tng hp s t gi tr min (bng hiu i s ca hai thnh phn).

3.2. M phng mch mch RLC. 3.2.1. o dao ng mch bng Tn hiu tng t (Anolog).

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Nhn qua biu th ta thy Hiu in th b gim dn theo thi gian v dn v 0. V nng lng b tiu hao khi dng in i qua in tr. Khi in tch gia 2 bn t b trung ha th khng cn dng in trong mch. 3.1.2. o thng s hiu in th 2 u cun cm bng thit b o dao ng k. + khi kha k m.

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ng

kha

k:

qu

trnh

np

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+ m kha k: qu trnh phng.

Hiu in th trong t dao ng yu dn do in nng b yu i dn khi qua in tr. V tin v 0.

3.3. M rng ti. - ng dng trong thc t: S dng hnh dung s hot ng ca mch dao ng RLC, s thay i in p, cng dng in m thc t chng ta khng th quan st bng mt thng.
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- T th nghim nh trc khi i th nghim trng trnh th nghim sai lm hng hc thit b t tin trn phng th nghim. -Chy m phng bng Protues gip ta thc hnh c cc mch in t phc tp m c th ta khng kinh ph mua y cc linh kin t tin Kt lun Trong qu trnh thc hin n chng ti thc hin m phng mch bng phn mm Protues kh n gin. Quan st c s thay i c th ca cc thong s qua cc linh kin. Tuy mi lc u s dng cn nhiu b ng nhng sau mt thi gian tm hiu v thc hnh trn my vi tnh th chng ti nhn thy phn mm Protues qu l mt phn mm c tc dng rt ln trong vic hc tp, lm quen vi cc thit b m sau ny l cc thit b lien quan n cng vic. Tuy by gi chng em cha c thnh tho v s dng Protues v mi c tip cn trong thi gian ngn. nhng chng em ngh sau ny vic s dng nhiu Proteus trong vic kho st, m phng nhiu s gip chng em nm r, thao tc thnh tho trn Proteus nghin cu hc tp tt hn. Chng ti rt cm n n mang li cho chng ti mt cng c hc tp th v v hu ch

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