TrongtnhhnhkhngchyvnghahonviLinx,ng

khngthkhngkthachinlcquctcanhngnm
cuiiMaoTrchng:LinhipviMcngngnchn
dtmbnhtrngcaLinx.Phngphpnyqunhin
emlihiuqu.QuavicngsangthmMunm1979,
LinxgithiimlngkhiTrungqucdybihcchoVit
Nam*(*ylvittheoquanimsailmcatcgicunsch
nyBintp)nnkhnglmchosvicphttrinthnh
xungttrctipTrungX.(coimc7.11phidi)
Xun Duy, Qunh Dung

Mu lc ng Tiu Bnh

7.9.Nutruc khng nhtcon gubc ccvochung,thlmthnod

ngbinhvivitnam?
Lin x, con gu Bc Cc, ngay t thp k 60 b tr nhiu qun i ven bin gii
TrungXvbingii Trung qucMng C. Kcqun i phitiMngCth tngs
ln ti mt triu. Stnla nhm voTrungquc,tng ng 1/3 s tnlaca ton
Lin x.Linxhnhthnhth baovychin lci vi Trung quc, snsaucaTrung
quc tr thnh phm vi th lc ca Lin x, an ton quc gia buyhip nghimtrng. *
(*Lu:ylcchnicaTrungqucBintp)
ng Tiu Bnh lcva chin thng phiphm l, nm quyn quyt schticaoca
Trungquc, vnmongmunt vsau s tptrung tonbsclcvoxydnghin
i ha. Cngvic nykhngthkodina.NhngtrongtnhhnhbLinxbaovyba

mt, lmsaocthyntmxydng? ngkhngthkhngmtmtbtrtintrnhhin

i ha, mt mtngh cchlmthnonhtconguBcCcvochung,hnch
d tm bnh trng ca n vi Trung quc. Cc nc bn trong th giith bakhng
gip cbao nhiu. Nhng chnh vo lc ,M chnh vichng.Oasinhtn
khngmunthyth lc ca ngiNga bnhtrngqungchu,cmthy trc
suyhipcaLinx,lichchungcahaincMTrungtngln,nnthahipvi
Trungquc trn vniLoan lvn vn gytrngichosbnhthnghagia
hai nc, tip nhn ba iu kin, l rtqun khiiLoan,on giaovxo b
iu c tngtr.Trong tnh hnh , ngimtbcquantrngtrongchinlc
ngoi giao:Nhn limi bnh thngha ca Tng thngCa t vou nm1979,vi
t cch ngi lnh o cao nht ca Trung quc, bay qua Thi Bnh Dng, tin hnh
cucithmchnhthcutintincM.
Rtnhiu nhquan stch ,trong thigian thmM,ngrascngvaimtphn
t thn M. Ch v tmnshptccnthitv kinhtvkthutchocngcuchin
i ha caTrungquc,nn ng nhincn philm nhvy. Cng quan trng hnl
mn vicnhn mnh li chchunggiaMvTrungqucchoconguBcCcthy.
Trongcuchi m chnh thc vi Cat, ngnhn mnhvicM,Trungqucvn
cnphi hp hnh ng ngncns bnh trngcaLinxnhngciubolu
quan trng cho rng khng cn thit phixydng lin minhchnhthc. Song, trongcc
trng hp cng khai,tth chngLinxmng biu lra,l cha tng c t thi
cchmngvnhanlc.
Khi tipxcvigiiboch,ngkugiM,Trungquc,NhtBn,Tyuvccnc
khctrn thgii lin hip li cngchng ch ngha bquynLinx.ngni:Chng
tichorngnguy cchin tranhn t phaLinx, suyhip nha bnh, antonv

nnh trnthgiintphaLinx.Chngtacthlmthny:Linxhnhng
u, chngta s ngntr,phhoi,ptanmihnhngcaLinxbtcni
no...
C ngini,nhnglinichngLinxcangtrongnhngngyMhunhcng
gay gt nh nhngli cng kch Linxtrong thi k cchmngvn ha.Ti sao nh
vy?Trongkhi trli tun bo Thi i, ng Tiu Bnh tr linhsau:Cnphinht
congu Bc Cc vo chung. Trckhi riM,nglilinicuicng:Muntri
c con gu Bc Cc, bin php duy nht ca chng ta l on kt li.Bo S tht
Lin x trongkhi chtrchchuynithmMcang,vit:lmttunldu thuyt
tung ham phnng chngLin x.Trnthct, trnngghNhtBncang,
ngcngvnnhnmnhch.
Mi ngi cn ch thy rng, 10 ngy sau chuyni gi lcca ng, bi bin
phng Trung quc khuvcbingiiQungTy,VnNammucucphnkcht
v dy bi hc cho Vit Nam. *(* yl vit theo quanim sailmca tcgi cun
schnyBintp)
D lun phng Ty chorng, chuyni thmvngThiBnhDng cangls
trinh st ha lc i vi M, Nht. ng nhvy, nutrc khng nht con guBc
Cc vo chungth lm th no dngbinh chngVitNam?VitNamciuc
bo m an ton vi Lin x. cng c chung gu, trong sut nm 1979, hai nc
TrungM trongkhi tng cng hptckinh tvnha,cngbtuhptcquns.Th
d, hi qun M thm Trung quchai bntrao ion i biuqun s, Mbn v kh
cho Trung quc. Gia nm 1979, mibtrng quc phngM sangthm Trung quc,
mu s hp tcqun s TrungM. TrungqucvMcngnhaugimstvicthht

nhncaLinx,traoitintnhbovganitxtngvVitNam.
7.10.ngnhngyithmmvomngmtunmmlch
TrungM ich hn haiminm,trngichyukhngngoihaiiu:Skhcbit
vch x hivvn vtr caiLoan.iviTrungquc,iuthnhtlch
x hi ch ngha hay t bn ch ngha, iu th hai l yu nc hay bn nc, u l
nhngvnrtnhycm.
Nu cng thm nhng iu kin quc t, th hng pht trin ca quan h TrungMs
cquytnhbibanhnt:
Mtl,do so snh lc lngchnhtr trongni bTrungquc,quytschchnhtrivi
chnghat bnsnh th no. S mtmcph phn, phnh,hayschtrnghc
tp bt chc. im ny tuy khng trctip nhngliquytnhvcnbnxuthchung
caquanhTrungM.
Hai l,hai bn TrungM c thi th novivniLoan,nuhaibncththng
cm ln nhau mc cao, th s trc tip quyt nh con ng pht trin ca quanh
TrungM.
Ba l, nhn t bn ngoi l quan h TrungX. Theo chin lcngoigiao truynthng
caTrungquc,ch nncmt k thch yu,khngthcngmtlcchnglichaik
th. Nu TrungX tng thm cng thng th s trc tip thc y TrungM xch li gn
nhau. ngnhin, nuTrungXhahonthcngkhngcnghalslmchoquanh
TrungMttxungmcthpnht.
Banhn t trn chiphiln nhau. unhngnm 70, nguyc bin giiphaBctng
ln,MaoTrchng chuyn chinlc chng c hai siucngnghingnhiusang
chng Linx. SoviLin x, s uy hip ca M tbn kiaThiBnhDng r rngl

nh hn nhiu. Nm 1972, vi s nh gi Vic i Loan l nh,vic th gii l ln,

Mao bt tay ho m vi Nchxn. Mao c ktthnh ngminhchinlcngmvi
M chng li s uy hip ca con gu Bc Cc. Song, s bnh thng ho quan h
Trung M khng phi thun li. Oasinhtn khng d dng t b chic hng khng
mu hmkhngthbnhchmtrnThiBnhDng,lnnakhngchunhngbv
vn i Loan. Cn Trung quc, trong iu kin cn theo ui ng li trong cch
mngvnho,cngkhcthicngviM,tnuscachnghatbn.
Tt c nhng iu u trngvo ti xoay chuynca ngTiuBnh. ng mpk
hochlm bn hin iho,mc tiucabnhinihaphitintibnghaibnhxe:
Mtl,ci cchth chcgii phngmnhmscsnxuthail,ktthctrngthi
ngca luditrong ingoi, m caviccnc, nht lccncphttrintrn
th gii, ginh c trithckhoa hc kthuttintinvkinhnghimqunlhini
ng bit rng mca sang phng Ty, trc ht phiqua M. M lnc ng u
ccnc pht trin phng Ty, li lncctrnhhinihacaonht.Trckia,
Trung quc hon ton ngn cch vi ton b th gii phng Ty, trc ht l v ngn
cchviM.NaymunthngsangphngTythtrchtphimcasangM.
Nhng ng cngb rng buc bi nhiu nhnt,khngthkhngthntrngsuyxtthi
th. Nm 1977, Vanx n thm Trungquc,mphn vicbnh thng ha vi ng,
ng t ra c lng trnh, lm nh khng mun cp vn i Loan. Sau ,Nh
trng rathngconirngln himc tin trin,ngi lnho Trung quct ra
cslinh hottrong iukinbnhthngha.ngthmch liphnbciu.Hnh
ngy khinphaM cm thykinhngc,nhngthctkhngcgkh giithch.Biv
lc , ng mi c phc chc khng lu, c s chnh tr cn mng yu, khng th
khng e ngi trc vn nhy cm l quan h Trung M. Thng 5.1978,Bredinxkili

nthm,tnh hnhdinra hontonkhc. Lc, quynlccangtnglnrrt,

ngtTrungqucngmphnvnbnhthngha.
Sau , s xu itrong quanhTrungX li tr thnhliu thuckch thchtt...Quanh
TrungXkhng cn t hahonna.MthyLinxbnhtrngNam,cngc
phnng tchcctrli, lin tip nhnba iukinrtqunkhiiLoan,ongiaov
hybiuc vi iLoan,chboluquynbnvkhchoiLoan.LinktviM
chng Ngacng lcaMaolccnsng,ngkhngblthic,thcytin
trnh . 1.1.1979, TrungMchnhthclpquanhngoigiao,honthnhcucmphn
ko di 8 nm. Tin trnh ny hi nhp vi s chuyn bin ca Hi ngh ton th Trung
nglnthba,kha11,nhdusbtucamtthiimi.
Tip ngaysaud,ngbtucucithmchnhthcncMutincangilnh
oticaocaTrungquctrongvng30nmliy.Ngoiviccngcvphttrintnh
hu ngh TrungM hnh thnh,chuyn iny ca ngcn c ba smng: Lin hip
vi M cng ngnchn LinX gimnh sc p bingii TrungX avicgii
quyt vn i Loan,hon thnh thng nhtT quc vochngtrnhlm viccth,
tmkimshptckinhtkthutchochngtrnhhinihavaphtng.
ng nh ngy ln ng i thm M vo mng mt u nm m lch. Hm , mi
ngi u bn nnmmi,mongn im lnh u nm. ngchn ngy bay
quaidngktbnunm,khin Catrtcmng.Tronglichomngvohm
sau, Cat ni: Tha ngi ph th tng, hm qua lu nmtheolchc, l ngy Tt
ca cc ngi, l ngy l truyn thng nhndnTrung quc bt u mtlchtrnhmi.
Ti nghe ni, trong dp u nm ny, mi thn linh t thin ca ccngi umhtcc
ca. l lc dp bmixchmchtronggianh,llcithmbnbthnthch.ivi
hai nc chng ta,hm nayl gi khc ontvbt umt lchtrnhmi.Hmnayl

gikhchagii,lgikhcmlicnhcatlubngkn.
Trongba ticlnOasingtn,ngcliphtbiu:Haincchngtatrong30nm
qua votrng thi ngncch v ilp, nay tnh hnh khngbnhthng qua
ri. ng nng nhit bt tay Cat trc mt cc nh bo v phnkhini:Nay nhn
dnhaincangbttaynhau.
NgoiviclinhipngmvinhauchngLinx,ngilnhohainccnkmt
lothip nh hptc khoahc k thut vgiaoluvnha.Nidungbaogm:cngt
lnh s, cng phi lu hc sinh, hp tctrong lnh vckhai thc ngunnng lng, vtl
nng lng cao vkthut khng gian.Ca t ni,nhng hip ngh ibiu chomt
trolumi khngth ongc trong quan hTrungM.Cn ng th ni,nhngci
mi ch l bt u, m cha phi l ktthc,sau ny cn nhiu con ng v lnh
vchptcgiahaibnangchichngtakhaithc.
S btng chchaiim. NhtkcaCa tvit:ngcclcphnikhochc
ccgio sncngoinTrung quc truyn gio, nhng ng tang trnnguyntc
vic c quantruyn thng MtphnxTrungquc.ngkhngtnthnhvicbnv
kh cho i Loan, ngta yu cut sangnmCa t cn cthi thntrng trongvic
bnvkh choiLoan,cnhy vng M v Nht thc giciLoanm phnviTrung
quc.
Trong8ngy M,ngdng mt nathi gian ithm 3 thnh phtrungtmcng
nghip ln caMltlanta,SeatllevHuxtn.Sspxpchngtrnhtocscho
vic trin khai hp tc kinh t sau ny. ngc bit lu n k thutcao v thnh tu
hin i ca M, nhiu ln ni rng M c rt nhiu iu Trung quc hc tp.
khng phi l li ni khch kh hoc khim tn. Seatlle, ng ni mt cu kt lun:
Chng cuicngtrong hnhtrnhca ti lthnhph ccc bn gilcnhcaln

thng sangphngng.iu ny khin chng ti thc r rng,hai nc chngta l

hng xm cch mt di nc. Thi Bnh Dng khng nn l tr ngi gia hai nc
chngta,mnnlsidylinhgiachngta.
Trong8ngy,nghimkhngmtmiviTngthngvccquanchcM,hikin
vi hng trm ngh vin, thng c bang, th trng v cc nhnvt ni ting trong gii
kinh doanhvgii gio dc,ng thicn nichuynvi myngnngi,trlihttp
nhbo ny ntp nhbo khc.Hn2.000nhboitheophngvn,atinthi
gian cao imcabamnglitruynhnhMubinthnhthigianngTiuBnh.
D lun thgii ph bin cho rng, s tip i longtrng v hoannghnh cha tng c
ivingTiuBnh,liuchathycalchsngoigiao M.KgicaTnHoa
X bnh lun: Trong lch s ngoi giao gia Trung qucvinc ngoi lptrngca
Trungquc ivicngvic quct v quanh TrungMccngchngMhiusu
scmtcchtrctipbngphngthchuhiu,liutrcnaychatngc.
Cn lc v ngTiuBnhcun lntiMthcyquanhTrungMlntinhcao
cha tng c.Nhngcngi vvyc cmgic sai lm rng TrungquccucnhM,
coi thngTrungquc,thmchchorng,vchinlcchngLinx,Trungqucnut
trivniLoan.ngthycnthitphihbtcnst.
S thc, cc nhn t rng buc cng ang thay i. Trong cuc chin tranh TrungVit
nm 1979, Lin x c thi kim ch. iu c ngha rng tnh hnh cng thng
TrungX cphn dui. V trong giai on cm quynvsau ca Cat, Mban b
lut v quanh vi i Loan,tip,trong cnglnhtranhccaRign,licmts
li l khin ngita khngyntm.ng thi, trongnc, mt trnchng Hoa Quc
Phong c srn nt, ng li cicchcangchuscpln.Do,trongnmth
hai sau khithm M, ng bt u h thp ging v quanh TrungM. Mt s nm sau,

pha Trung quckhng ngnga ra khngngh vi M vvniLoan,vncM

trming li bngvnnhnquynvchtihuquc. Haibnkhngngngtranh
ci,nhngvichptckinhtkthutvnctinhnhtheohipnh.
7.11 Thng 5.1989, ng Tiu Bnh 86tuihikinviGocbachp59tui,khng
phimtninothucLinx,mbckinhcaTrungquc
S i lp TrungX c hai nguyn nhn, mt l, s bt ngvhnhthi thcx hi,
tranh lunxem ai lMcLninchnhthng, hail,tranhchpvbingiitntitlu:
ThincNga Sahong chimmthn150vnkmvunglnhthTrungquc trong
thp k 60, Linxlidn mttriuquntrnbingiiTrungX.ngTiuBnhtng
l mt chin schng Linxxutscng tng i dinscviKhrtsp,c
Khrtsp gi l anh chng thp b rt kh i ph. Nm 1974, tidin nlinhip
quc, ng cngbtrcthgiilptrngcaTrungquc:SosnhviMvmt
chip ccnc khc,thsiucngqucmangnhnhiuxhichnghacnhungc
hn.
Lin x tr thnh k thch yu iviTrung quc,cn nguy himhnM,khngphiv
hnh thi xtli vchxhi,mvLinxcsuyhiphinthcivisanton
ca Trungquc ln hnMrtnhiu. S tranh lun v hnh thi thc x hi,ni v pha
Trung quc, thun tu l sn phm ca cch mng vn ha. Ngi Trungquc xo b
thnh kin vi chnghaxt li d hnxablngnghingvichnghatbn.Cui
thp k 70, Trung quckt thc cchmngvn ha btu dpbrilon,trling
nthhnhtngkthcaxtliLinxcngtngtiutan.cthcoilmtc
hi hai ncbtutip xc v i thoi.Khngng,lcBrginplitngthm
hai trngimi:nghVitNamxmnhpCampuchia* (*y lvittheoquanimsai

lm ca tc gi cun sch nyBintp) v trctiptin cng pganitxtng, hnh thnh

thbaovyhnhchCiviTrungquc.
Trong tnh hnh khng c hy vng ha hon vi Lin x, ng khng th khng k tha
chin lc quc t ca nhng nm cuiiMaoTrchng: LinhipviM cng
ngnchn dtmbnhtrngcaLinx. Phngphpnyqunhinemlihiuqu.
Qua vic ng sangthm Mu nm 1979, Linxgithi im lng khiTrungquc
dy bi hc cho Vit Nam * (*y lvittheoquan im sailm ca tc gicun sch
ny Bin tp)nn khnglmcho svicphttrinthnhxungttrctipTrungX.
ng tuyni tingl c thicng rn vi Lin x,nhng cngnh LuThiuK,ng
lun cho rng gi ha bnh vi Lin x lrtquantrng.Cngcuchinihavapht
ng, im cn bn trong chin lc ca ng i vi Lin x l lm ha du tnh hnh
cngthng, phngchintranhnra.TrungquckhngcnhucuticaothpviLin
x v qun s,ch cncmt hon cnhbn ngoi ha bnh n nh chuyntm vo
xydnghiniha.
Ci thin quan h vi Lin x cn c mtnghaquan trngna:C th lm cho Trung
quckhng vs uy hipca LinxmquphthucvoM.Nhvy,trnviquc
t,Trungquccngcmnhtrngrihotng.
Trnthct,tsaunguycnm1979btuthpk80,quan hTrungXlinxuthin
duhiu hahon.Tuy gia Linxv Trung quc cnmt mnn lch sln, hnhc
ti l dcng phn, nhngng xutphtthinthc,chyucuLinx bsuyhip
vi bingiiTrungquc,trvtrngthicathpk50lmichuynsttp.Yucu
nylrtthp,Linxchcnthuhpdtmbquynmtchtlthchinc.
ngnhin, hy vngLin xt bdtmbquynchlmongmuncamtbn.Cn
vicct bhaykhng,cuicngquytnhbinhngthayitrongnibLinx.Lin

xmtmcmuncng Mtranh ginh b quyntoncu, nhng thc lckinh t cah

rrngkhngbngM,nnscngyhkhngtrni.
Do chintuyni ngoi ko qudi nntinvo thpk80,Lin x dndn lrthc
cht ngoi mnh trongrng. Nnngoigiao habnh vviccicchnichnhcaTrung
qucvncngcnglncxhichnghanhLinxcltnhiugimchoLin
x: Chin lcbht scvophttrinca Trungqucsovichinlcbhtscvo
khuch trng ingoi, th cino cn chnlahn? Trongcaotro cicch ca cc
nc x hi ch ngha trongthp80,TrungqucdislnhocangTiuBnh
dn u. Nm 1982, ci cch nng thn bc uchiuqu. Tronglc , hot
ng mu dch Trung X btu khiphc trlit1982 n 1986, bunbn giahai
nc tng ln7ln.Lichdocicchemlicngcschpdnhnmnthtbxo
khoai ty m Khrtsp ni nm nortnhiu. nganh cngy trc bngthy ch
emnhchucnhiucihctp.
Nm 1985, Gocbachp ln cm quyn, m u vic ci cch.V ngchmi ca
in KremlicnixahntngthitkscaTrungqucnhiu.Haincuitheocon
ngci cch cngxt li chuyncvtbnhngthicathchc.Dcchngh
khnggingnhau,nhng cngm ng cho vicxa btinhthnthchtronghn
20nm.
Theo ng,chcnLinxkhngtoracngthngbingii,tbsuyhipivi
Trungquc, thkhng cn c knchuyn gkhc,hyc lm ttcngviccamnhi
. Nhng Mth li rt mun lmsuyyu Linx,vyhychoMickviLinx.
S uy hipv uthcaLinxudavolclngquns.iu sblmgim
quacccuc mcc v ti gim vtrang ko di giaLinxvM.Linxkhngcn
luyhipviMthsuyhipcahviTrungquccngkhngtntina.

Xt vpha Lin x,ngktthcchintranhlnhviM,thcncngikhngvi

Trungquc na?Do ,trong vnci thinquan h vi Trung quc, Lin x trach
ng. u nm 1986, Lin x xut kin ngh cc chuyn gia Lin x quay tr li
Trung quc, ng khng t ra v vp. Thng 7, Gocbachp li a ra qu bng mu,
biu thi rng phaLinxngly dngchnhcaHcLongGianglmngphnchia
bin gii gia hai nc Lin x sn sng vo bt k lcnocng vi pha Trung quc
tho lun v victo ra khngkh lng gingtt bt k cpno, hyvngrngtrongmt
tnglaikhngxa,bingiiTrungXstrthnhmtkhuvchabnhvhungh.
Vi biu th ca Gocbachp, ng t ra hoan nghnh mt cch thn trng.Hoan
nghnhv n cimmi,himctronghn20nmnay.Thntrng,vngnghethy
B ngoi giao Linxmt ging iukhc.Do ,ngliaqubngliphasn
ca Lin x, thng qua giibo ch, ni cho Lin x bit:Tin cithin quan hl
tr b ba tr ngi ln gia Trung X: Lin x rt qun ra khi Mng Cvbin gii
Trung X, rtqun khipganitxtng,cthcVit Nam nh chxmlcCampuchia*
(* y l lptrngsai tri ca tc gicun sch ny Bin tp). Trong cuc ni chuyn
vo thng 7, Gocbachp tuyn b Lin x ang nghin cu rt slnqun khiMng
C,vhatrccuinm1989,srt6trungonrakhipganitxtngnhngkhng
cptivnCampuchia....
T thcangrt cao.ng ni:ChcnLinxtbbatrngi,thdng82tui,
khngcn nhim vi thmnc ngoi na, ngcngvuilngphl,tibt cnino
caLinxgpGocbachp,thchinvicbnhthnghoquanhgiahainc.
Thng5nm1989,ngTiuBnh86 tuigpmtGocbachp59tui.Nhngkhng
phimtninothucLinx,mBcKinh,thTrungquc.
T nm1961,nhng ngi lnho haing ngng tip xc trnthct,nlc

cnggn 30 nm ri.ngkinnghlidngdphingtuynb vicbnhthng

hoquan h Trung X. Nhng to ra quanhttchotnglai,ngnithngvi
Gocbachpvnhng mn n c gia hainc, khnghkhchkh:TvicncNga
Sahong xm chim 150vn kmvung lnhthTrungquc,ti vicbao vy chinlc
i vi Trung quc, chngminh rng tronglchsngichimlinhiunhttTrung
quc ngoi Nht Bn th ti nc Nga, m trong gn30 nmnay,ngi tonn mi uy
hip ch yu vi Trung quc, li l Linx.y khng phi ls tco ngtuynb,
ngni nhng iu khng yucuphitr li,cng khngyucubinlun,chl
cc ng chLin x bitTrungquc nhnthcqu khnh thno,trong u ngi.
Trung quc ngh vn g. Nh vy, c li cho vic lm r khinim m ratng lai:
Trungquc ng kt thcqukh,nhngkhngqunminikhutnhccaqukhl
suynghvtng lai.Tng lai s nhth no?iuny cn xem ccngchLin
xsnhthno.
7.12.Tamgiclncathgii
Khng ch mt ln ng Tiu Bnh ni titamgiclncathgii.Mt ln, ng ni vi
ngi bn Nht Bn: trn th gii, ngi taang bnbcvtam giclnca thgii.
Ni thng thn, lc lng ca chngti gc nycatam giccn qu mng yu.
khngphil ph nhns tnti ca tamgicmlcmthyTrungquc,gcnyca
tam gic cn phi c gng nhiu. Mt ln khc, ng ni vi cc ng ch mnhtrnth
giiangnititamgiclnXMTrung.Chngtakhngdngcch ni,chngta
nhgi tnhto vscmnhca mnh, nhngchng tatinrngTrungquccscnng
ytrongcngvicquct
Sc nng caTrungquc t u ti? c phido dintchtailn,nhnkhucbit

ng o? C ng b bn thuc th gii th ba ng h? Nhng nhn t d c l

nguyn nhn, cng chaphi l ch yu. Chyul ngiTrung quc,trckia l Mao
Trch ng, c bit lngTiu Bnh, hiucb quyt gii quyt quanhgiacc
nc ln, tinh thng nguyn ltam gichc. Ch nivquanhsongphng,khngk
l gia TrungM, hay TrungX, ngu ch trnghaviqu.HahoviMcli
chochnh schci cch mca,cthnhncnhiumilitphngTy.Hadu
vi Lin x,cthlmgim sc pbin phng, trnhc chintranhbngn,yntm
xydngbnhini.VvyngchtrngvacithinquanhviM,vacithin
quanh vi Linx,nhngtchilmvtphthuchoc linminhvibtksiucng
no.
Cuithp k 70, chnglid tm b quynca Linx, ng kthachin lc
caMao, chuyn t chnghai nc b quynsang chngmt ncb quyn, chng
xch li gn M. Nhng, trong khi giao ho vi M,ng c sctrnh nghn vo tp
onviM. Ngaytrong tuntrng mt nm 1979, ng cngvnginhs linh hotcho
mnh. Th d, khi hp bn vi Tng thng Ca t,ng ch trnghai nc TrungMnn
phi hphnh ngkim ch Linx,nhng cho rng khngcnthitlplinminhchnh
thc. Hi ngh ngi ng u hai nc thnh cng, nntuynbrngri cho thgii
bit, ng chn hnh thc ra thng cobochchungchkhngchnhnhthctuynb
chungcahaingingu.Nhvy,tracphnnophichnhthcvtscrng
buc.
ng bit rng giao dchviM cncmt nhtnh.Sautuntrngmt,cnphi
lnh nht mt cht. thay icmgicsailmcaMchorngTrungquckhngcg
ngk, Trung quc phi cu cnhM,tuthpk80,ngkhngngngtthi
khng hi lng i vi hin trng quan h M i Loan. Sau khi Rign ln lm Tng

thng, phaTrung quc nhiu lnkhintrch Mbn v kh cho i Loan,thmchcn

do s h thp cp quan h giahai nc nu M vn khngthayi lptrng.Nm
1982, ng cn ni vi gii boch: Vn iLoan lmt trngi lntrong quan h
Trung M. Khi Maic Oalas hi ng xem M nn c hnh ng g trong vn ny,
ng ni: C th khuyn khch i Loan tin hnh giao lu trn 3 mt vilc a, to
iukinmphnvthngnhttnc.
Mtkhc,khng thqulu,phngtrlitrngthiichtrckia.Sauskin
ngy46,quan h Trung M xung timcthpnht.ngrtcmgintrcviccc
nc phngTyng ul M trngphtTrungquc,khintrchmnhm,khng
ht ra shi.Nanm sau,svicnhtdn,nglicmthyquanhTrungMcn
phi tt ln, v nh is ca TngthngM chuynti Catlngthnhtht ca ng:
phngng,c mt nggi Trung qucrtquantmnviccithinvphttrin
quan h TrungM. ng thy c ngh ca M: Trung quc vli chcachinlc
chngLinx, nncth bqua vn i Loan. ng cnh coccbn Mkhngnn
lidng quanhb bn chnp Trung quc. Trung quctisao phichngLinx?
Ch v Linxuy hipantonca Trung quc. Sthc, btu tthpk80,suyhip
caLin x vi Trungquc dn dngimi, cn gia MvLinxmi thc scci
v ln. Xut pht t nhu cu chin lc, M n phng kim ch Lin x, vic
TrungM lin hipchngLinxkhngcnnghalnna.Mdavocigchi
con bi Lin x vi Trung quc, chngl Trung quckhng thchicon biLin xvi
M?
n gia thpk80,xuth hahon TrungXcngrrt, cui cng ng chi con
bi ny, bt u tm iu kin ha gii vi Lin x. Thng 10.1988, ng tuyn b hai
nc TrungXsccuchpthngnhutint30nmnayvonm1989.Mts

quan chc ngoi giao phng Ty chthy:ngchn thiim trc mythng

cng b v Hi ngh Thng nh TrungX khngphil ngu nhin.Khngti mt
thng na, sccucbu c Tng thng M,Trungqucara tuynbltcho
ngi lnh o sp ti ca M thy Trung quc d nh s phthuy mnh mtc dng
trnmtngoigiao,khngthchiconbiTrungqucc
Thng 5.1989, khi chnh thc gp Gocbachp Bc Kinh, ng nghnhn dpny
tuyn b bnh thng ho quanh TrungX.Lc,cngilolng,saukhiTrungquc
v Lin x c quanh tt vi nhau, c th hnh thnhmt tp on cngsnmiuyhip
phngTy hay khng?Nchxn,ngihiuTrungqucniququyt:iukhng
c kh nng, ng cn ci thin quan h TrungX, nhngkhng thkhi phctnh hnh
ca thp k 50, khng th tr li lm ngi em nh ca Lin x. Tr phi Trung quc
hon ton vt b phng Ty, nu khng th quyt khng th ng vo lng ngi lng
gingngsphngBcc.
Phn trnningmylncp titamgiclnthgii,uthikgiathpk
80. Lc , qua ci cch,thclc caTrungquc tng lnnhiu, hnh tng Trungquc
cng khc, ng quyt nh thc hins chuyn bin v chin lc ngoi giao. ng
ni:Cmt thigiantrckia,iphvis uy hip ca Linx,chng tathc
hin chin lc mt tuyn, tc l mt tuyn t Nht Bn, qua chu u n M. Nay
chng ta thay i chin lc,l mts chuyn bin tolnChuyn bin tc l
thotrakhi lng ca M. Ri sngvou?KhngphillingvolngLinx,m
lngring,clptch,khnglmmtlngai,khngdadmvoai.
ng hiu rtrong tamgic Trung MX,gccaTrungquctngimngyu.D
Trung quc da vo bn no, cng chcthng vai trmt ngibnnh hoc mt
ngi anh em nh, t mnh mt rtnhiuchng,licthtr thnh conbi trongtay

ngi khc. Ngoi ra, cn c hai iu bt li ln: Tt s lm mt lngmt pha,khng

dng chuc lyk th tt smt b bn trong thgii th ba, lm cho mnhtrthnhc
lp.Ktqu lnuchmunngvolngngikhc,ththsxoayvn,nukng
khngvng,bsp,thmnhlicngclp.
ng hiu c nguyn l tam gic: Trong mt h thng nu chc haicc, sthng
hnh thnhccdinbtcxuthinthtamgic,thscccdinsngng,vlunlun
c li cho k thamgia sau. Nuda vo mtphano,thtam gics binthnhhai
cc, co koviccbn kia, coinhct mnhvochinxacangikhc,bngkhp
ni, phicucnhngikhc.Ngcli,khngdavoai,gikhongcchuvihai
cc kia, bn thn s c a v c lp, m hai bn u phi lmthnvi Trungquc
trung gian. Lc , nu cn t thi vi mt pha, ch cn ng mt cht v pha kia l
c.
Hon ton linh hot,nm quynch ng trong taymnh,thngikhckhngchi c
con bi Trung quc, m Trung quc li c th ty lc chi mt tronghai con bi.Khng
da vo mt pha no, v hnh thc,ththynh ltr v vi lp trng c chngc hai
siu cng.C th ninhvy,songciuphngthchontonkhc,khngcn
nh trc kia, dng bin phpchng b quynkm thng minhl ikhng,on giao,
th chvichaibnhon ton khngcli cho mnh m lly vicci thin quanh
vi c hai bn lmtin,aib quyn thchng ngi. Vicchng nhvys lm
mtlngngi ,nhng khngsao,hkhng lm g c,v h khngdanhchy
hn sang pha bn kia. Nh th gi l khng lm mt lng ai (u ci thin quan h),
khng da vo ai (gi khong cch nht nh), kt qu l khng sai(ai c sailm
udmph phn).Lptrngnggiaaibquynthchngngigitnngha,
chtr cngl,cn c mt cililn:Cthonktmincbtmnvichnghab

quynxung quanhmnh.NhvystngcngcaviquctcaTrungquc,tng
thmquyn pht ngncaTrung quc trnquc t.KtqulTrungqucvnlmtgc
mngyu,strnnrthnghu.
Pn Kenni, nhnghin cuv lch s hngsuy caccnclnnhnthy:Tmquan
trng ca vai tr c lp thc s ca Trung quc trong h thng quc t ngy nay (v
tng lai) c tng cng rtnhiudophong cch m h biu hin trongvic gii
quyt miquan h vi cc nc ln khc.Trung quc thng coithngnhngyucu
vmongmun caccsiucng,nhngtrongmtstrnghp,hnhngcahli
gybt ng cho ngikhc.D nhc im cahrt d thy,nhngchabaogih
t ral hontonngtheovkhutphctrcMtxcvavOasingtn...Dottcnhng
iu , Trung quc c mtav c o trnthgii...K thc,cnc vo scnng
ca Trung quc, trn mt ngha nht nh, h l mt siu cng quc d b nhng
khngphil mt siu cng quc hctheokiuLinxhocM,mlmtsiucng
qucphnnhavcocaBcKinhtrongnnchnhtrtoncu.
7.13 Hy choqu khqui,nhthkhngcnghalqunqukh,nhng
cnchmratnglai
Trongmulc ngoigiaocangTiuBnh,quanhTrungNhtchimmtavc
bit, trn mt mc nht nh, thm ch c tm quan trng vt hn c vic ci thin
quanh TrungMvquan h TrungX. SoviTrungMvTrungX,nhngimchung
gia TrungNht c nhiu hn. Gia TrungX, c thi gian xungt bin giitrn my
ngncy sgiaTrung M,cvn rt nhycmliLoan.VphaNht,hcs
tranh chp 4 hno phaBc vi Lin x,viM,tuy chip c an ton,nhng cnh
tranh kinh t, nht l c xt v thng mi cng ngycngnghim trng. Hai vn

ukhngdgiiquyt.GiaTrungqucvNhtBnchcmtoiuNgkhngc
g l quan trng lm, ng dngbin phpkho lol cng nhaukhai thc vt
quatr ngi . Nht Bntuy l cng quckinht,nhngsauchintranh,avchnhtr
trong vic gii quyt cc vn quc t vn la vca mt nc chin bi. Nht Bn
mun thay i hin trng th khng th coi nh Trung quc, mt trong nm y vin
thngtrcHingboanLinhipquc.
Thng 10.1978,ngTiu Bnh sangthm Nht Bn traoi vnbnkktiuc
ha bnh hu ho TrungNht. Trong khi hi kin Nht Hong, ng ni mt cu: iu
c TrungNht c th c mt ngha su xa vt khi d liu ca chng ta. i vi
Trungquc, NhtBn khngtonnsuyhipnhLinx,ngthilictimlchin
i ging nh M.Vichu ho TrungNht vactcdngkimchLinx,vakhin
choTrungquckhngvnhucuhinihamphiqudavoMvphngTy.
Nm 1972, Trung quc lpquan h ngoi giao vi Msmhn vi NhtBn mtbc
nhng sau ny,vicbnhthnghaquanhTrungNhtliitrcvicbnhthngha
quanh TrungM. Nm 1978, bathng trckhi sang M,ng em ti Nhttintc
v ch trng ci cch m ca ca Trung quc. Trong thi gian thm Nht, hai bn
TrungNhtut ra rtchngthvivichptckinhtkthutTrungNht.NhtBn
hunh ch i t lungi khch hngto ln lTrungquc.iurrnglmt
kch thch vi M. Lc,vic bnh thnghaquan hTrungM cn mtchng ng
di na. Mi nc t bn pht trin u hy vng p chuyntu utinti th trng
rng ln ca Trung quc. Nc M sao c th cho i th cnh tranh Thi Bnh
Dng nhanh chn ti trc? Vic giao ho vi Nht Bn khng nh l mt ncc
quantrng dTrungquc nm quyn chng trong quanhtamgicTrungMNhtv
giiquytquanhviM.DquanhgiaTrungqucviM,thmchvittcphng

Tyb tc, chcn gics hptc vi Nht, th Trung qucvn c con ngng
hctpvnhpkthutcabnngoi.
Tnh mn n lch s, cli nhiu nht cho Trung quc, th ng u lNht Bn, ri n
nc Nga Sa hong v sau l Lin x. Song Nht Bn t sau i chin,khng cn
chimmt tct noca Trung qucna.M Lin x th n c chatr mt cht g,li
mc thmn mi, l tonn s uy hip ln nht vi Trungquc.GiaNhtXcngc
n vi nhau, l4hn o pha Bc. GiaTrungNht, trnphng dincng iph
vi Lin xcngcs cnthitkhngkmgiaTrungM.Nhttuykhngmunich
vi Lin x, nhng vic h tr thnh mt ngminh vi Trung quc trong mt trnchung
chng Lin x vo gia thp k 80 v trc,l khngthnh vnna. Nm 1978, khi
ng thmNhtln utrong nghi thc n tip nh khchquc giac28iscc
nc Nht tham gia.Theo yu cucphaTrungquc,Nhtkhng miisLinx.
ng lidngdinnNhtBn,giithchviukhonchngbquyntrongiuc,
ngoi victrngbuc ivihai bnTrungNht, cn gm c vicphni hnhng
b quyn ca bt k ncno.Trc nhbo cc nc,ng nhnmnh: Chngch
ngha bquyn lht nhnca iuchuhoTrungNht.Bathngsau, kimch
hnhng bnhtrngca Linx Nam,ngsangthmM.Trnngv,ng
li gh thm ngn ngy ti Nht Bn, nhnmnhmt lnna vi nhngngi lnh o
Nhtvvn chngbquyn,vsau mic cuc phnkch t v chngVitNam.
ng hy vnggiahai ncTrungNhtiiconchushuhovinhau,khngch
trong thk20 mcnnghtimythksau.Nhngiukinclivmt nykhngt.
Thd,haincu thucchulhng xmlnggingcchnhaumtdincul
ging da vng, thuc h thng vn haphng ng, c hn haingn nm qua li hu
hotrong lch s. ngrt ch lidng nhngti sn nhnvnqugipht trin

quanh TrungNht.Thd, trongthi gian thmNht, ngcbitbtrmtchuyn

i thm ngi chathnh phNaravnhnlichophpmtvhathngtrtr v
nc thmgia nh.Sau , trongqu trnh hptcgiaolukinhtgiahainc,Trung
quc mt mt p dng bin php hu hiu ngn hng ha Nht t trn vo Trung
quc, mtkhclisn sng nkthut cao v vnlingcaNht.Nm 1988,NhtBn
choTrungquc vay 800t yn,ngkinhngctrcstinlnvthngilicmt
ti Th tng Nht. y c th l ln u tin ng gi li cm t ti mt nguyn th
ncngoi.
Quan h TrungNhtkhng phil khngctrngi,trngi tim tng ln nhtl chin
tranh TrungNht gieo vo lng nhn dn hai nc nhngdu n susc. Nhn dn
Trungquc rt khxoitnhcmthchivihnhngtphgitngicagic
Nht.Song, trnginh ng xoay chuyn, li tr thnh nhn t c lichovicpht
trin quan h TrungNht. Trong thi gian thm Nht, khi hi kin vi Nht Hong, cc
quanchcchnhphNhtrt sngtrctiptruycutrchnhimcaNhtHongi vi
chin tranh. ng nm c tm l , ngkhng lm nhi vi Gocbachp: k ht
mitilica Sa hongv Linxi viTrungquc,mpdngmtphngphpc
scchinh phchn: Trong khiNht Hongcha cpti qukh th ng nitrc
mt cch rt sng khoi: Hy nhng s vicca qu khqua i, chngta t nay v
sau nn nhn v pha trc. Phong khng k li nhng him khch c khin ti nhn
chin tranhtrckia rtcmng.nglptcchimuth.Trongbini,NhtHong
bt ng b on chun b sn, thay vo bng vic nu ln nhngs vic bt hnh
nhm biu th s hi li. Sau , trongli chc ru, Thtng Nht cngch ng b
sung vo bi chun b sn, t ra ly lm tic vchin tranh xmlc Trung quc. l
hiu qumngmuntti.ChintranhxmlcTrungquccaNhtemlitn

thtkhng thno lnghtchoTrungquc,ringvngiTrungqucmtmychc

triu. Sau chin tranh, Trung quc gi t th khng i Nht bi thng, ngy nay hai
nc giao ho, li rt i khngnulihim khchc.Nh vy, to nnchoTrung
quc mt u th v tnhngi.Ngi Trungquc ktbn vi ti nhnchin tranhc,
trong tm lngi Nht c cm gich thn.ng bit rng iu clichovicpht
trinquanh huhoTrungNht:NgynaytuyTrungquccncsgipcaNht
thc hin hiniha, nhng trc kiaNhtBn mc mtmnntnhngi ivi
Trungquc.
Hychoqukhquai,khngcnghalqunqukh.ngbitrngmuncho
quanhhuhoTrungNhtcgngithmtiukinrtquantrnglkhngc
lmthayisthtlchsvvicNhtBnxmlcTrungquc.Chonn,saukhiquan
hhainccbnhthngha,ngkhngquantmlmtinhngskinnho
iuNg,nhngctinhthncnhgiccaotrcvicphchichnghaqunphitNht
Bn.TrungquctngkhngnghinghimchnhvicBgiodcNhtBnchali
schgiokhoa,phnhnsthclchsvvicNhtxmlcTrungquc.Nm
1985,ccthnhvinnicccaNhtnvingnthcctiphmchintranh,ng
gintipnhngnghimkhcxutlicnhco.HcsinhihcBcKinh,Ty
Antchcduhnhthuytrcvsaungy189khngnghchnghaqunphit
NhtBn,ngkhnghphbnhhcsinhgyri.Nm1987,ququcphngNht
Bnvtqumcquynhl1%,ngcngrtnhycm,cnhgictrcvicphchi
chnghaqunphit,ngnhincxutphttvicduytrhabnhchuThi
BnhDng,nhngchyukhngphilsNhtBnlixmlcTrungquc,m
khngchoNhtchitutticxmlcTrungquc.ngkhngngngnhcnhcc
bnNhtBnkhngnnqunbihcauncaqukh,ngbitrng,munlmcho
NhtBntrthnhvhiviTrungqucvlilmtngibndnmcthphi
buchgnhmnntnhngiivicucchintranhxmlcTrungquc,buch
ccmgichthnviTrungquc.Khngcquanhgiahaincnonhquanh
TrungNht.mtmtthnmthuho,hptcvinhau,coinhaunhbbnmtkhc,
Trungquclicthkhngkingng,thngquamiphngthckhintrchnhng
tictytrimchnghaqunphitNhtphmphiTrungquc.Haimtchi
philnnhau,khintrchqukhlmratnglai.
Copy Sch Truyn t Vnthuquan m khng ghi r ngun v ngi nh my l hnh ng n

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