I.

Cch gii bi tp l thuyt: Bi tp l thuyt thng a ra nhng cu hi di dng l thuyt xoay quanh nhng kin thc c bn THCS v cc khi nim ha hc, thnh phn cu to, tnh cht v ng dng ca cc loi cht v c v mt s cht hu c. 1. Kiu bi tp "Vit cc PTPU, thc hin cc bin ha": a. Kiu bi n gin nht: "Cho bit cng thc ha hc ca cc cht tham gia v to thnh sau phn ng": V d: HgO ---> Hg + O2 Zn + HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2 P + O2 ---> P2O5 Al + HCl ---> AlCl3 + H2 Thc cht loi bi tp ny l rn luyn k nng cn bng phn ng. i vi hc sinh THCS, c bit l lp 8 chng ta kh c th a v gii thiu vi hc sinh v mt cch cn bng phng trnh no theo cc phng php thng thng. Do vy hc sinh THCS thng rt lng tng v mt nhiu thi gian thm ch l hc thuc h s t trc cng thc ha hc ca cc cht trong mt phng trnh ha hc no . Chng ti xin gii thiu mt cch vit phng trnh n gin v c th dng hon thnh hu ht phng trnh ha hc c trong chng trnh ph thng theo cc bc sau: + Tm cng thc ha hc ca hp cht no c s nguyn t l cao nht v cng thc phc tp nht trong phng trnh (Tm gi l cht A). + Lm chn cc h s ca A bng cc h s 2, 4, ... (Nu dng h s 2 cha tha mn th dng cc h s chn cao hn). + Cn bng tip cc h s cn li trong phng trnh (Cc n cht thc hin cui cng). Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC6BGt36 Th d, trong 4 phng trnh nu trn th A ln lt l HgO, HCl, P2O5, AlCl3 vi cc h s ng u u l 2. Cc th d khc: Cn bng: FeS2 + O2 ---> Fe2O3 + SO2 Cht Fe2O3 l cht A v trong cng thc c 3 nguyn t O, l v phc tp hn so vi cng thc FeS2 v SO2 (c 1 nguyn t Fe hoc S) Vy ta cn lm chn h s ca Fe2O3 l 2. T suy ra h s ca cc cht cn li.

Cn bng: KMnO4 + HCl ---> KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O Cht A l KMnO4 v tuy cc cht KMnO4, HCl, KCl u c 2 nguyn t c s nguyn t l nhng cng thc KMnO4 phc tp hn. Vy ta cn lm chn h s ca KMnO4 l 2 ---> H s ca KCl, MnCl2 v H2O ---> Cc h s cn li.

Cn bng: HCl + MnO2 ---> MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O Cht A l HCl vi h s l 4 (Nu dng h s 2 s khng tha mn do v phi c t nht 4 nguyn t Cl)

C th gp hai trng hp khng thch ng vi cch lm trn: Cn bng mt s phn ng oxi ha kh phc tp hoc mt vi phng trnh m bn thn cht A khng cn thm cc h s chn vo na, song dng ny l khng nhiu. Logged

Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC6GWUIy b. Kiu bi tp c bn: "Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho bit cc cht tham gia phn ng". V d: H2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 ---> HCl + AgNO3 ---> Trc ht cn tm hiu cht tham gia phn ng thuc loi cht no hc, i chiu vi kin thc l thuyt d on sn phm phi thuc loi cht no (To ra mui mi v axit mi). Cn c vo thnh phn cht tham gia phn ng khng nh thnh phn cht to thnh sau phn ng. mc cao hn cn x l tnh hung nh phi la chn cht tham gia phn ng thch hp, xt n iu kin phn ng xy ra c hoc phn ng xy ra c hon ton. V d: Ba(NO3)2 + X ---> BaSO4 + Y Cht X c th l mt hp cht tan c gc sunfat trong phn t. Cn trng hp: Na2SO4 + X ---> NaCl + Y th X phn l mt mui clorua tan v Y phi l mt mui sunfat khng tan nn cn phi la chn mt kim loi ph hp sao cho mui clorua ca kim loi (X) tan c cn mui sunfat ca chnh kim loi phi khng tan, v d Ba: BaCl2 (X) v BaSO4 (Y). Hoc trong trng hp CaCO3 + X ---> Ca(NO3)2 + ... th X tha mn duy nht l HNO3 v CaCO3 khng tan.

Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC6MLtSK c. Kiu bi tp: "Thc hin qu trnh bin ha" V d: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng thc hin cc bin ha sau: Fe ---> FeCl3 ---> Fe(OH)3 ---> Fe2O3 FeCl2 ---> Fe(OH)2 ---> FeSO4 hay: Tinh bt ---> Glucozo ---> Ru etylic ---> Axit axetic Thc hin theo cc bc sau: + nh s cc mi tn ri vit li thnh cc PTPU ring bit:

Fe ---> FeCl3

(1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3)

FeCl3 ---> Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)3 ---> Fe2O3 v:

(C6H10O5)n ---> C6H12O6 C6H12O6 ---> C2H5OH C2H5OH ---> CH3COOH

Phn vit trn s l rt nhanh v mi mi tn ng vi mt PTPU, trong sn phm ca phn ng trn l cht tham gia ca phn ng di. Vit ra khong gia b sung cc cht cn li, phng trnh no kh cha lm c th li lm sau. + Phn cn li ch l vic gii quyt theo cc dng bi trnh by trn.

Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC6PbVwh 2. Kiu bi tp "Xt cc kh nng phn ng c th xy ra":

V d: Cho cc cht: HCl, NaOH, BaSO4, MgCO3, K2CO3, Cu(NO3)2. NHng cht no tc dng c vi nhau? Vit PTPU.

+ Trc ht cn xt xem cc loi cht trn thuc loi hp cht no hc v xp chng vo cc nhm ring bit: 1. HCl 2. NaOH 3a. BaSO4, MgCO3 3b. K2CO3, Cu(NO3)2 + Da vo tnh cht ca cc loi hp cht ch xem xt cc kh nng c th xy ra phn ng gia cc cht trong cc nhm sau: * Nhm 1 vi nhm 2 * Nhm 1 vi nhm 3a, 3b * Nhm 2 vi nhm 3b * Cc cht trong nhm 3b vi nhau + Da vo kh nng phn ng ca tng cht c th trong cc nhm, thu hp cc kh nng c th xy ra c phn ng trong cc cp cht ni trn v vit c: HCl + NaOH ---> HCl + MgCO3 ---> HCl + K2CO3 ---> NaOH + Cu(NO3)2 ---> K2CO3 + Cu(NO3)2 ---> + Tip tc hon thnh cc PTPU trn.

Lm nh trn, hc sinh s rn c thi quen phn tch, x l mt cch khoa hc v nhanh nht. Cch gii quyt ny cng c hiu qu khi u bi cho nhiu cht thuc nhiu loi hp cht khc nhau, k c ln cc cht hu c v v c, n cht v hp cht.

Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC6TKqBa 3. Kiu bi tp "Nhn bit cc cht": V d 1: Hai cht sau y ng ring bit trong hai ng nghim CaO v P2O5. Lm th no nhn bit hai cht ? Vit PTPU. + Phn tch hiu v tm du hiu khc nhau ca hai cht cho: CaO: Oxit bazo, tan c, tc dng vi H2O to thnh bazo. P2O5: Oxit axit, tc dng vi H2O to thnh axit + Thc hin theo nh hng: Cho tc dng vi H2O v th mi trng bng qu tm. V d 2: Trnh by phng php nhn bit ba kim loi Al, Fe, Cu. Vit cc PTPU. Ngoi cch lm nh trn, c th phn tch v xy dng s la chn ng i ngn v hp l nht (C th ch cn phn tch trong giy nhp, cn nu bi ch yu cu vit s m khng cn PT c th th cng thun li) sau s trnh by cch nhn bit tng cht v kt hp vit PTPU minh ha. S nhn bit: + Dng NaOH, tan l Al, khng tan l Fe hoc Cu + Dng tip HCl, tan l Fe, khng tan l Cu. V d 3: Trnh by PPHH nhn bit cc kh CO2, C2H4, CH4 Thng thng cc cht hu c hot ng km hn, ch tc dng vi mt s cht no , v th cn nhn bit trc ht cc cht v c ri nhn bit cc cht hu c cn li tng t nh phn trn. Trong khi trnh by cn ngn gn, thuyt phc bng cch thc hin r rng, chun xc, kt lun mang tnh khng nh, nn da vo du hiu c ch khng phi du hiu loi tr: + Ln lt cho tng kh sc vo dd nc vi trong. C mt cht kh lm nc vi trong vn c, to kt ta trng trong dd l CO2 (Khng nn ni Cht no... thay cho C mt cht kh) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ---> CaCO3 + H2O + Ln lt cho hai kh cn li sc vo dd Br2 long. C mt cht kh lm dd Br2 mt mu, l C2H4 C2H4 + Br2 ---> C2H4Br2 + Cht kh cn li l CH4.

Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC6WhWEm 4. Kiu bi tp tch mt cht ra khi hn hp: V d 1: C hn hp bt kim loi Fe v Cu. Trnh by PP tch ring tng kim loi v cc phn ng dung

Lp s tch: + Dng H2SO4 long tch Cu. + Dng Zn y Fe ra khi FeSO4. y l loi bi tp i hi s chun xc cao (thu c sn phm kh tinh khit v khng b mt mt nhiu). Vi i tng hc sinh kh, gii th nn lm chnh xc, trit hn. Nu thc hin nh trn th Fe thu c s ln Zn m khng c x l hay c nhng phn ng ph do dung d lng ho cht khng c xt n, c th d lm sai lc kt qu. S chnh xc hn: + Dng HCl tch Cu. + Cho bt Al d vo dung dch hn hp FeCl2 v HCl, x l hn hp Al, Fe bng NaOH Dng HCl s d vit PU hn v lp 8 cng mi hc phn ng ca Al vi kim. V d 2: Nu PPHH lm sch cc kh: - Mtan ln etilen. - Etilen ln kh CO2. - Metan ln axetilen. Thc ra y cng l bi tp tch cc cht ra khi nhau nhng ch ly mt cht chnh cn loi b cht kia. Ly trng hp u lm v d, c th trnh by nh sau: Dn hh kh i qua dung dch Br2 d, etilen b gi li trong dd: CH2=CH2 + Br2 ---> CH2Br-CH2Br Kh cn li l CH4.

Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC6ZaxOL 5. Kiu bi tp iu ch cc cht: V d 1. T vi sng CaO lm th no iu ch c CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2. Vit cc PTPU xy ra? Thc cht y l kiu bi tp thc hin qu trnh bin ho nhng ch cho bit cht u v cht cui. Hc sinh phi suy ngh v la chn con ng ng nht v ngn nht thc hin (V cht iu ch c phi tinh khit v v nguyn tc nu i bng con ng di hn nhng khng sai th vn gii quyt c yu cu ca bi nhng s mt nhiu thi gian vit cc phng trnh dng n mt cch khng cn thit) Xt bi tp trn: CaO ---> CaCl2 S thy ngay CaO + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + H2O vi iu kin dng d dung dch HCl ( phn ng hon ton) v sau un nng ( nc v axit d bay hi ht), thu CaCl2. Tt nhin s khng thc hin: CaO ---> Ca(OH)2 ---> CaCl2 V d 2. Lm th no bin Fe III oxit thnh Fe III hidroxit. Vit PTPU xy ra? y khng th thc hin dc bin i trc tip Fe2O3 ---> Fe(OH)3 v khi phi thc hin, v d: Fe2O3 ---> FeCl3 ---> Fe(OH)3 C th phi suy ngh v la chn cn thn hn khi gp bi tp c nhiu yu t an xen vo nhau, v d: T cc cht Na2O, Fe2(SO4)3, H2O, H2SO4, CuO hy vit PTPU iu ch ra cc

cht sau NaOH, Fe(OH)3, Cu(OH)2. Trnh t gii quyt: + Xc nh cc cht cn iu ch: ---> NaOH ---> Fe(OH)3 ---> Cu(OH)2 + T cc cht u, la chn cht u thch hp cho tng s da vo nguyn t kim loi phi c trong cht cn iu ch: Na2O ---> NaOH, Fe2(SO4)3 ---> Fe(OH)3, CuO ---> Cu(OH)2 Ri tip tc nh bi tp phn trn v bit vn dng, k c dng cht va iu ch (NaOH) s dng cho phn tip theo.

Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC6cU8Ta Cch gii bi tp thc nghim: Thc cht cc bi tp thc nghim y vn chnh l cc bi tp l thuyt, cch gii bi tp v c bn ging nh trnh by. S khc nhau chnh l trong bi c yu t lm thc nghim, t hc sinh vo nhng tnh hung c th, c chn lc, c khi phi sng to mi gii quyt c. Do t c lm th nghim, thc hnh nn hc sinh thng lng tng, khng bit vn dng nhng iu l thuyt hc phn tch, so snh, d on, tng tng... V d 1. C th dng CuSO4 pht hin ra xng c ln nc c khng? Ti sao? Vn mu cht t ra l trong k thut nhiu khi khng th c ln nc (mt lng rt nh) trong cc loi xng, du do vy cn kim tra xem c ln nc trong xng, du hay khng. Khi nu bit lin h vi l thuyt hc l CuSO4 khan mu trng, CuSO4.5H2O (CuSO4 khan gp nc, d vi lng nh s chuyn thnh dng mui ngm nc) c mu xanh th c th hc sinh s tng tng ra c cch lm nh sau: Ly mt t xng cn kim tra cho vo ng nghim kh, cho tip mt t tinh th mui CuSO4 khan vo ri lc ln xem c s thay i mu sc ca mui CuSO4 khng. V d 2. dp tt cc m chy xng du ngi ta khng dng nc m dng ct hay chn t trm ln ngn la? Nu hc sinh c xem phim v m chy xng, du hay cnh cu cha trong cc nh xy ra s c b chy bp du nhng c dp tt th c th hnh dung c ngay cn lm g v ch tp chung ti sao li lm nh vy. Trong trng hp ngc li thng lng tng , kh tm ra c yu t quan trng nht l xng, du nh hn nc li ni ln trn v m chy cng mnh hn Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC6gagfE Khi gii cc bi ton ha hc THCS, nhiu hc sinh thng cm thy kh khn do mt s nguyn nhn sau: + Cc em cha nm vng c cc nh lut v cc khi nim c bn v ha hc, cha hiu y ngha nh tnh v nh lng ca k hiu ha hc, cng thc v phng trnh ha hc.

+ Cc k nng nh xc nh ha tr, lp cng thc v cn bng phng trinh HH cn yu v chm. + Mt lot cc bi nh gip cho vic khc su kin thc hoc rn k nng nh: * Tnh v mol nguyn t, phn t. S nguyn t, phn t... * Lp cng thc v tnh theo cng thc hp cht. * Nng dung dch v pha ch dung dch. * Cc php tnh c lin quan n t l phn trm, hiu sut. Do t c rn luyn thng xuyn, hc sinh c kh nng gii c cc bi tp nh trn, song khi lng ghp vo cc bi ton ha hc hon chnh (V d bi ton tnh theo cng thc v phng trnh ha hc c vn dng c nng , hiu sut...) th li qun hay khng bit cch gii quyt. + Hc sinh khng nm c nhng tnh cht ha hc cn thit gii bi ton nh phn ng c xy ra khng? Sn phm l nhng cht no? Di y s i phn tch tng dng ton c th THCS. Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC6ldBP1 1. c im: - Ch da vo mt PTPU n gin tnh ton. - Cho bit mt lng cht, tnh lng cht khc theo PTPU: + Cho lng cht ban u, tnh lng sn phm thu c. + Cho lng cht ban u, tnh lng cht tc dng ht. + Cho lng sn phm thu c, tnh lng cht ban u cn dng. 2. Cch gii: + c k bi, tm tt xc nh r cc yu t cho v cn tm. + Vit PTPU xy ra v cn bng PT. + Tm s lin h nh lng gia cc yu t cho v cn tm (Da vo bi v PT, s dng n v thich hp) + Tnh theo yu cu ca bi. 3. Mt s v d: V d 1. Tnh th tch kh H2 sinh ra ktc khi cho: a. 13 gam Zn tc dng vi dd H2SO4 long, d. b. DD c cha 0,1 mol HCl tc dng vi Fe d. Cch gii phn a: + Tm tt: 13 gam Zn --- H2SO4 long, d ---> V H2 = ? (ktc) + Vit PTPU: Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2 + S lin h: C 1 mol Zn phn ng ht th to thnh 1 mol H2 hay 65 gam Zn phn ng ht th to thnh 22,4 lt H2 (ktc) + Tnh ton: Vy 13 gam Zn ............................. x lt H2 ktc. ---> x = 22,4.13/65 = 4,48 lt Nhng im cn ch : + Khi vit PTPU, cc i lng cho v hi nn vit u v cui PT c khong trng gia vit thm li v in lng cc cht ngay di cng thc cht trong PT. + Khi tm s lin h nh lng gia cc cht, phi da vo t l mol ri mi i ra n v thich hp. Ch sau khi thnh tho th mi dng ngay cc loi n v thich hp.

+ Khi tnh ton nn ch dng cc php ton gin c (Nh 13 vi 65 trn), lm nh th s gip ch rt nhiu cho vic gii ton TN THPT sau ny theo cu trc Pht hin vn - Gii quyt vn (Cm gic tt vi cc con s trong bi ton ) Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC6qGTIG Cch gii phn B: 0,1 mol HCl --- Fe d ---> V H2 ktc PTPU: 2HCl + Fe ---> FeCl2 + H2 Theo PT th c 2 mol HCl th to ra 22,4 lt H2 Vy 0,1 mol HCl th to ra x lt H2 ---> x = 22,4.0,1/2 = 1,12 lt

V d 2. Nung mt tn vi th c th thu c bao nhiu vi sng? Nu hiu sut ch t 90% th vi sng thu c l bao nhiu? Cch gii: 1 tn hay 1000 kg CaCO3 ---> mCaO = ?, mCaO = ? khi H = 90% CaCO3 ---> CO2 + CaO C 100 g CaCO3 thu c 56 g CaO v thc t thu c 90%.56 g CaO hay 100 kg ----------------- 56 kg ---------------------- 90%.56 kg Vy 1000 kg ---------------- x kg -------------------------- y kg x v y l hai p n cn tm.

V d 3. Trung ha dd NaOH bng dd HCl. a. Vit PTPU xy ra. b. Nu c 200 gam dd NaOH 10% th phi dng bao nhiu gam dd HCl 3,65% trung ha? Cch gii: Nu xt ring cc yu t nh lng lin quan n nng dd: 200 gam dd NaOH 10% ---> mNaOH = 20 gam v mun tnh s gam dd HCl 3,65% cn thit trung ha cn tnh c mHCl nguyn cht th thc t li l bi ton c bn sau: 20 gam NaOH --- + HCl ---> Tnh mHCl cn thit. Logged

Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC6u3rsj 1. Cho bit mt lng cht, tnh nhiu lng cht khc theo PTPU: V thc cht y l dng bi ton c bn c chung mt yu t nh lng. Khi gii bi ton nn gp li cho gn. V d 1. iu ch oxit st t bng cch oxi ha st nhit cao. Tnh s gam Fe v O2 cn dng iu ch c 2,32 gam Fe3O4.

Cch gii: PTPU: 3Fe + 2O2 ---> Fe3O4 Nu lm bi ton theo dng c bn th cn tnh ton hai ln theo cc dng c bn sau: 3Fe ---> Fe3O4 v 2O2 ---> Fe3O4 Khi nn lm gp li theo lp lun nh sau: C 3.56 gam Fe tc dng ht vi 2.32 gam O2 th iu ch c 232 gam Fe3O4 Vy x gam Fe ------------------------- y gam O2 ------------------- 2,32 gam Fe3O4 Mt s v d tng t nh: V d 2. Kh 48 gam CuO bng kh H2 a. Tnh s gam Cu iu ch c. b. Tnh th tch H2 ktc cn thit. V d 3. Ha tan 1,12 gam Fe trong dd H2SO4 ly d. Tnh s mol mui to thnh v th tch kh thot ra ktc. V d 4. un 8,9 kg (C17H35COO)3C3H5 vi mt lng d dung dch NaOH. a. Vit PTPU. b. Tnh lng glyxerol sinh ra. c. Tnh lng x phng thu c nu nh phn ng xy ra hon ton v x phong cha 60% theo khi lng C17H35CO Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC6wnDCP 2. ng thi cho bit hai lng cht tham gia phn ng, tnh lng sn phm: Khi ng thi cho hai lng cht tham gian phn ng, phi hiu bi ton ri vo cc tnh hung sau: a. Hai lng cht cho tc dng va ht, sau khi kt thc khng cn lng d ca cht tham gia phn ng. tnh lng sn phm thu c, c th dng bt k mt trong hai lng cho tnh ton. b. Khi phn ng kt thc, mt trong hai lng cht ban u vn cn d: tnh lng sn phm thu c, phi dng lng cht ban u no phn ng ht tnh ton, khng tnh theo lng cht kia, cht cn d sau phn ng. V mt phng php, c th gii bi ton nh sau: + Xc nh xem c phi phn ng xy ra hon ton khng, sau ny phn bit vi dng bi ton xy ra khng hon ton, sn phm cn c hai cht ban u cha tham gia phn ng ht. + Chia bi ton thnh hai phn c lp v gii theo trnh t: * Tnh ton vi lng cht cho xem bi ton ri vo trng hp no, thng gi l tnh lng cht tha, thiu. * Tnh lng sn phm thu c. Phn tnh lng cht tha, cht thiu thc cht l mt bi ton dng c bn, coi nh mi bit lng ban u no trong hai lng cht no cho v tnh lng cht kia phn ng ht vi n. So snh kt qu tnh c vi lng cht u bi cho rt ra kt lun. Nu bi ton khng yu cu tnh lng cht tham gia phn ng cn d th c th ch cn xt t l hoc so snh cc s liu kt lun m khng cn tnh c th.

Read more: http://community.h2vn.com/index.php/topic,6701.0.html? PHPSESSID=47333f1a15bb4f4dc5f7b8e1fc45a076#ixzz1gC71EA5s V d 1. Tnh s gam nc sinh ra khi cho 8,4 lt H2 tc dng vi 2,8 lt O2 (Cc th tch o ktc) Cch gii: PTPU: 2H2 + O2 ---> 2H2O Theo PTPU, c 2 lt H2 th tc dng ht vi 1 lt O2 (T l 2 : 1 v th tch) Vy sau phn ng phi cn H2 d v t l th tch cho ny ln hn 2 ln. * Vic dng lng cht ban u no ( t tnh ra lng cht kia cn thit phn ng ht vi n) khng nn ly bt k m cn xem xt chn, sao cho khi tnh gn, khng b l. V d 2. Cho 114 gam dd H2SO4 20% vo 400 gam dd BaCl2 5,2%. Vit PTPU v tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh. Cch gii: + S gam H2SO4 nguyn cht: 20.114/100 = 22,8 gam + S gam BaCl2 nguyn cht: 5,2.400/100 = 20,8 gam PTPU: BaCl2 + H2SO4 ---> BaSO4 + 2HCl Theo PTPU c 208 gam BaCl2 th tc dng va vi 98 gam H2SO4. D nhn thy khng nn dng (1) m dng (2) v vi cc lng cht 208 gam v 20,8 gam BaCl2 th c th tnh nhm ngay c lng H2SO4 cn dng l 9,8 gam. * Trong mt s bi ton HH ca THCS, bi cng cho bit ng thi hai lng cht (Mt lng cht tham gia phn ng v mt lng cht to thnh). Thc cht y cng ch l nhng bi ton c bn m thi. V d 3. t chy hon ton mt hn hp kh gm c CO v H2 cn dng 9,6 gam kh O2. Kh sinh ra c 8,8 gam CO2. a. Vit PTPU xy ra. b. Tnh % hh kh ban u theo s mol v theo khi lng. Hng dn: + Sau khi vit PTPU, thy c dng c bn l t lng CO2 thu c cn phi tnh lng CO v O2 phn ng vi CO. Tnh lng O2 phn ng vi H2 ri t theo PT m tnh lng H2. + Trong khi tnh ton nn nh hng theo n v l mol cho gn. (1) (2)

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