Professional Documents
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IEC
quc t
34-2
xut bn ln th ba
1972
My in quay
Phn 2 :
Cc phng php xc nh
tn tht
v hiu xut ca my in
quay
bng th nghim
Li ni u
Li ta
Mc lc
on 1 : Tng qut
My in quay ..................................................................................1
1. Phm vi p dng................................................................................6
2. Mc tiu..............................................................................................6
3. Tng qut..........................................................................................6
3.1 Bn k nhng k hiu..................................................................7
4. Nhng nh ngha........................................................................7
4.1 Hiu xut.....................................................................................7
4.2 Tn tht ton b.........................................................................8
4.3 Th nghim hm..........................................................................8
4.4 Th nghim vi mt my dn ng nh c...............................8
4.5 Th nghim i nhau v c......................................................8
4.6 Th nghim i nhau v in..................................................8
4.7 Th nghim chm li...................................................................8
4.8 Th nghim o nhit lng...........................................................8
4.9 Th nghim khng ti.................................................................9
4.10 Th nghim h mch.................................................................9
4.11 Th nghim ngn mch ko di...............................................9
4.12 Th nghim h s cng xut bng khng................................9
5. Nhit tham kho........................................................................9
6. Nhng tn tht c bao gm.........................................................9
6.1 Nhng tn tht trong mch kch thch.....................................9
6.2 Nhng tn tht khng i.....................................................10
6.3 Nhng tn tht khi mang ti....................................................11
6.4 Nhng tn tht b sung khi mang ti.....................................11
7. Xc nh hiu xut.......................................................................11
7.1 Tng cng cc tn tht............................................................11
7.2 o ton b nhng tn tht.......................................................16
8. Tn tht c bao gm..................................................................17
8.1 Nhng tn tht khng i......................................................17
8.2 Nhng tn tht mang ti.........................................................18
8.3 Nhng tn tht b sung khi mang ti.....................................18
9. Xc nh hiu xut.......................................................................18
9.1 Tng cng cc tn tht............................................................18
9.2 o ton b nhng tn tht.......................................................21
10. Nhng tn tht c bao gm......................................................22
10.1 Nhng tn tht khng i....................................................22
10.2 Nhng tn tht khi mang ti..................................................23
10.3 Nhng tn tht trong mch kch thch.................................23
10.4 Tn tht b xung khi mang ti..............................................24
11. Xc nh hiu xut......................................................................24
11.1 Tng cc tn tht...................................................................24
11.2 o tng cc tn tht..............................................................28
12. Tng qut.....................................................................................29
13. Th nghim ng c nh c...................................................30
14. Th nghim h s cng xut khng............................................30
15. Phng php chm li.....................................................................31
16. Th nghim k-lng v in.........................................................33
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U ban k thut in quc t
my in quay
Phn 2: Nhng phng php xc nh nhng tn tht v
hiu xut ca nhng
my in quay t nhng th nghim (loi tr nhng my cho
nhng xe ko)
Li ni u
Nhng quyt nh hay tho thun chnh thc ca IEC v nhng vn k thut,
chun b bi cc u ban k thut i din ca tt c cc u ban Quc gia quan
tm ti vn ny, th hin trong chng mc c th mt tho thun quc t v
ch c xem xt.
Nhng quyt nh ny gm nhng khuyn ngh Quc t v chng c chp nhn
bi cc u ban Quc gia trong ngha .
Nhm mc ch khuyn khch s thng nht Quc t, IEC th hin mong mun
tt c cc u ban quc gia cha c cc quy tc quc gia, khi h chun b nhng quy
tc , ly nhng khuyn ngh ca IEC lm nn tng c bn cho cc quy tc
trong chng mc m cc iu kin quc gia cho php.
S mong mun c nhn bit l m rng tho thun quc t v nhng vn
ny theo sau mt s n lc hi ho nhng quy tc quc gia v tiu chun ho
vi nhng khuyn ngh trong chng mc m cc iu kin quc gia cho php. Cc
u ban quc gia cam kt dng nh hng ca mnh trong mc ch ny.
Li ta
Bn khuyn ngh ny c thit lp bi phn ban 2D: Tn tht v hiu
xut, ca u ban nghin cu No. 2 ca IEC: nhng my quay. N thay th ln
xut bn th hai cng b nm 1960.
N l mt phn ca mt s-ri nhng khuyn ngh x l cc my in quay,
nhng phn khc l:
Phn 1, nh mc v thc hin (n phm IEC 34-1).
Phn 3, Nhng nh mc v c tnh ca ba pha.
Phn 4, Nhng phng php xc nh cc i lg My ng b t nhng th
nghim (n phm IEC 34-4)
Phn 5, Nhng phng php bo v bng v bc cho nhng my quay (n
phm IEC 34-5)
Phn 6, Nhng phng php lm mt my quay (n phm IEC 34-6)
Nhng cng vic xem xt li bt u hi ngh Tky nm 1965, v mt
d tho c tho lun Lun n nm 1968. Tip sau hi ngh cui
ny, mt d tho c trnh cc u ban quc gia chp thun theo quy
tc Su thng vo thng 11 nm 1969.
Nhng nuc sau y b phiu chp thun n phm ny:
c
H lan
o
Na uy
B
Ba lan
an mch
Nam phi
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Phn lan
Thu in
Php
Thu s
c
Th nh k
Hung ga ri
Lin x
israen
Vng Quc Anh
Nht
Hoa K
Triu tin (cng ho dn ch nhn dn)
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my in quay
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r
o
4.
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
dng
dng ti in p nh mc
dng ti s cp in p gim
dng khng ti in p nh mc
dng khng ti in p gim
lc qun tnh
tc nh mc, vng trn pht
cng xut hp th in p nh mc
cng xut hp th bi cun dy s cp in p gim
trt
in p kch thch nhng u ni ca bin tr chnh
in p kch thch tng
in p nh mc
in p gim cho th nghim ph ti
gc lch pha khi mang ti in p nh mc
gc lch pha khi mang ti in p gim
gc lch pha khng ti in p gim.
Nhng nh ngha
Hiu xut
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Tn tht ton b
Th nghim hm
4.4
Th nghim vi mt my dn ng nh c
Th nghim i nhau v c
Th nghim i nhau v in
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Th nghim khng ti
Th nghim h mch.
5.
Tit 2 my in mt chiu
6.
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10
6.2
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11
6.3
7.
Xc nh hiu xut
7.1
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13
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Chng l
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cc tnh l 1,0 V cho cc chi bng ccbon hay bng grapht, v 0,3
V cho cc chi ccbon kim loi ho, ngha l st p tng l 2,0 V
cho cc chi ccbon hay grapht v 0,6 V cho cc chi ccbon kim loi
ho.
7.1.4
Bng I
Nhng h s nhn cho cc t s tc khc nhau
T s tc
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H s nhn
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1,5:1
1.4
2:1
1.7
3:1
2.5
4:1
3.2
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7.2.3
Th nghim k lng
Tn tht c bao gm
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8.3
9.
Xc nh hiu xut
9.1
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9.1.2
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9.1.2.3
21
Thm vect:
U
I o = I 0 sin o I or n sin or
Ur
9.2
o ton b nhng tn tht
9.2.1
Th nghim hm
My quay trong nhng iu kin nh mc ca tc , p v dng
hiu xut c ly bng t s ca cng xut c ch vi cng xut hp
th
Th nghim phi c thc hin mt nhit cng st cng tt
nhit ti trong vn hnh vo cui thi gian quy nh trong lm
vic nh mc. Khng c mt hiu chnh no ca nhit cun
dy phi lm.
9.2.2
22
Th nghim k-lng c hc
Th nghim k-lng v in
Tit bn My ng b
10. Nhng tn tht c bao gm
Nhng tn tht tng phi c coi nh bng tng cc tn tht sau:
10.1
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10.2
10.3
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Tng cc tn tht
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o tng cc tn tht
11.2.1 Th nghim hm
My quay trong nhng iu kin nh mc ca tc , tn s v
dng, tn s o c s ly bng t s ca cng xut hu ch trn
cng xut hp th.
Th nghim phi c thc hin mt nhit cng st cng tt
nhit t ti khi vn hnh vo lc cui thi gian quy nh trong
lm vic nh mc. Khng mt s hiu chnh no ca nhit
cun dy phi thc hin.
11.2.2 Th nghim vi my ph nh c (xem mc 13)
Khi my quay nhng iu kin nh mc v tc , in p v
dng, hiu xut c ly t s cng xut in ra trn cng xut in
vo.
Th nghim phi c thc hin mt nhit cng st cng tt
nhit t ti trong vn hnh vo cui thi gian quy nh trong
lm vic nh mc. Khng mt s hiu chnh no ca nhit
cun dy phi thc hin.
11.2.3 Th nghim k-lng c hc
Khi nhng my ging ht nhau quay trong nhng iu kin nh
mc thc t l nh nhau, nhng tn tht c coi nh phn b bng
nhau v hiu xut c tnh t na nhng tn tht tng v cng
xut in vo.
Th nghim phi c thc hin cng st cng tt nhit t ti
trong vn hnh vo cui thi gian quy nh trong lm vic nh
mc. Khng c s hiu chnh no ca nhit cun dy phi lm.
11.2.4 Th nghim k-lng v in (xem mc 16)
Khi nhng my ging ht nhau quay trong nhng iu kin nh
mc thc t l nh nhau, nhng cng xut c coi nh l phn b bng
nhau v hiu xut c tnh nh trong tiu mc 11.2.3
Th nghim phi c thc hin mt nhit cng st cng tt
nhit i ti khi vn hnh vo lc cui thi gian quy nh trong
lm vic bnh thng. Khng c s hiu chnh no v nhit cun
dy phi lm.
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(ii)
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* Ghi ch. Trong mt s nc mt hiu xut 90% c ly lm c s p dng ca phng php gin tip, trong khi mt s nc khc thch mt tr s nh hn, v d 70%
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45600 Pt
n 2
trong :
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45600 =
602 103
8 2
S chm li c o t tc n (1 + ) ti tc n (1 - ) trong n
l tc nh mc bng vng quay theo pht. Nu P c th hin
bng kilwoat, qun tnh J c c tnh bng kgm2, t l thi gian tnh
bng giy gia hai thi im trong tc l n (1 + ) v n (1 ) tng ng.
Trong th nghim chm li, kch thch ca my th nghim phi tt
hn ht l t ngun ring. Tuy nhin ngi ta c th s dng mt b
kch thch u trc tip nu s thay i tc khi chm li l yu,
v d t 105% n 95%. Mt s hiu chnh thch hp cho tn tht
trong mch kch thch khi cng phi c xt ti l dng kch
thch trong th nghim chm li, v nhng th nghim khng ti, c
th khc nhau cht t, mc d in p l mt kch thch ring ca b
kch thch, tuy nhin l cn thit.
Thay v s dng phng php khng ti c tr s tuyt i ca
nhng tn tht, phng php ng c nh c c th c s dng.
16. Th nghim k-lng v in
Phng php ny c p dng khi ngi ta c hai my ging ht nhau.
Nhng my ny c u c v u in khi vn hnh tc
nh mc, mt ci nh ng c mt ci nh my pht nhit thc
cc php o c thc hin phi cng gn cng tt nhit lm
vic v khng c mt hiu chnh thm vo phi thc hin. Nhng
tn tht ca nhng my u vi nhau phi c cp hoc bi li m
n c u vo, hoc bi mt ng c ko nh c, hoc bi mt
ng c ko nh c, hoc bng mt my tng p, hoc li bng
mt hp b nhng phng tin khc nhau .
Tr s trung bnh ca nhng dng c iu chnh tr s nh
mc, trung bnh ca in p ca hai dng ng cao hoc thp hn
in p nh mc mt tr s bng st p, tu theo nhng my
c cp c s dng tng ng nh my pht hoc ng c.
Khi hai my cm ng c u in, chng phi c u c nh mt
thit b iu chnh tc , nh mt hp iu tc bo m s
truyn ng ca cng xut. ln ca cng xut truyn ph thuc
vo s khc nhau trong tc . H thng in cung cp nhng tn
tht ti hai my s phi cung cp cng xut phn khng t ho cho hai
my.
Khi hai my ng b c u in, chng phi c u c vi cng
mt gc pha., Tr s ca cng xut truyn ph thuc vo s lch pha
gia hai my.
17. Th nghim o nhit lng
ang nghin cu
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Nhng my mt chiu
Nhng my ng b
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