34-5 IEC 1991

Tiu chun quc t

xut bn ln th ba 1991

IEC 34-5

My in quay
Phn 5 : Phn loi mc bo v ca v bc ca cc my in quay ( m IP )

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Hiu lc ca n phm ny
Ni dung k thut ca cc n phm ca IEC phi c thng xuyn xem xt li bi IEC . Nh vy m bo ni dung phn nh ng tnh trng k thut hin hnh . Thng tin lin quan n thi hn khng nh li n phm c hiu lc t Vn phng Trung ng ca IEC . Thng tin v cng vic cha li, vic pht hnh cc xut bn c sa cha li v nhng t ca vn sa i c th nhn c t cc U ban Quc gia v t cc ngun sau ca IEC : * Thng bo ca IEC * Cun nin gim ca IEC - c xut bn hng nm. * S mc lc ca cc n phm IEC c xut bn hng nm vi cp thi u n . Thut ng : i vi thut ng chung, cc c gi nn tham kho n phm IEC 50 : T ng k thut in Quc t (IEV), c pht hnh dng nhng chng ring l, mi chng gii quyt mt lnh vc ring. Cc chi tit y ca IEV s c cp theo yu cu. Cng nn xem T in a ng ca IEC. Nhng thut ng v nh ngha nm trong n phm hin ti hoc c ly t IEV hoc c tn ng ring bit cho mc tiu n phm ny . Cc k hiu th v ch . i vi cc k hiu th v k hiu ch v du c IEC chp thun cho s dng chung, cc c gi nn tham kho n phm : - IEC 27 : Cc k hiu ch c s dng trong k thut in, - IEC 417: Cc k hiu th i vi s dng trn trang b. Bng tra, bn sao kv bn su tp cc t n l . - IEC 617 : Cc k hiu th i vi cc s ; v i vi cc trang thit b in dng trong y hc . - IEC 878 : Cc k hiu th i vi trang thit b in y trong thc dng y hc. Cc k hiu v du nm trong n phm hin ti hoc uc ly ra t IEC 27, IEC 417, IEC 617 v/hoc IEC 878, hoc c tn ng c bit i vi mc tiu ca n phm ny . Cc n phm ca IEC c son tho do cng U ban k thut. Cc c gi ch nhng trang sau cng ca n phm ny, lit k cc n phm IEC c pht hnh do U ban k thut son tho n phm ny .

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Mc lc
Li ni u Li ta

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U ban k thut in quc t

Cc my in quay Phn 5 : Phn loi cc mc bo v c to ra bi cc v bc ca cc my in quay( m IP)

Li ni u : 1/ Nhng quyt nh hoc tho thun chnh thc ca IEC v cc vn k thut, c son tho bi cc U ban k thut trong c i din cc U ban quc gia c quan tm c bit n vn , biu th s nht tr quc t cao v cc ch c xem xt 2/ Nhng quyt nh v tho thun c dng l cc khuyn ngh cho vic s dng quc t v c cc U ban quc gia chp nhn theo ngha . 3/ Nhm thc y s thng nht quc t, IEC biu l s mong mun l tt c cc u ban quc gia nn chp nhn vn bn khuyn ngh ca IEC lm quy tc quc gia mnh khi iu kin quc gia cho php. Bt k s sai khc no gia khuyn ngh ca IEC v nhng quy tc quc gia tng ng trong phm v c th c cn sm c ch ra trong quy tc quc gia . Li ta :

Tiu chun ny c son tho bi tiu ban 2H : Cc mc bo v, cc phng php lm mt v lp t trang thit b ca Ban k thut s 2 : My quay. N lp thnh phn ca mt s-ri n phm nghin cu v my in quay, nhng phn ny l :
Phn 1: c tnh nh mc v cc c tnh vn hnh, c xut bn thnh n phm IEC 34-1 Phn 2: Cc phng php xc nh cc tn tht v hiu sut ca cc my in quay t cc th nghim (loi tr cc my i vi cc xe ko) c xut bn thnh n phm IEC 34.2. B sung ln th nht .Do tn tht bng phng php ca-lo-ri k ,c xut bn thnh n phm IEC 34.2A. Phn 3: Cc yu cu c bit i vi cc ny ng b kiu tuc bin, c xut bn thnh n phm IEC 34.3. Phn 4: Cc phng php xc nh s lng my ng b t cc th nghim, c xut bn thnh n phm IEC 34.4 . Phn 5: Phn loi cc mc bo v c to ra bng cc v bc i vi my quay, c xut bn thnh n phm IEC 34.5. Phn 6: Phng php lm mt my in quay, c xut bn thnh n phm IEC 34.6. Phn 7: Cc k hiu i vi cc kiu xy dng v b tr v lp t my in quay, c xut bn thnh n phm IEC 34.7. Phn 8: nh du cc u cc v chiu quay ca cc my in quay, c xut bn thnh n phm IEC34.8. Phn 9: Cc gii hn ting n, c xut bn thnh n phm 34.9 Phn 10: Cc quy c i vi m t cc my in quay, c xut bn thnh n phm 34.10. Phn 11: Bo v nhit hp nht, c xut bn thnh n phm IEC34.11, 34.11.2 v 34.11.3 .

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Phn 12: Cc c tnh khi ng ca cc ng c cm ng lng sc ba pha i vi cc in p ngun cp ln ti v bao gm c 660V, c xut bn thnh n phm 34.12 . Phn 13: c tnh k thut i vi nhng ng c ph cn, c xut bn thnh n phm IEC 34.13 Phn 14: Dao ng c ca mt s my c chiu cao trc bng hoc cao hn 56mm - o lng, nh gi v cc gi hn ca cng dao ng, c xut bn thnh n phm IEC 34-14. Phn 15: Cc mc chu ng in p xung ca cc my quay xoay chiu vi cc cun dy Sta-to c ch to sn, c xut bn thnh n phm IEC 34-15 . Phn 16: H thng kch thch i vi cc my ng b, chng 1 v 12, c xut bn thnh n phm IEC 34.16 . Xut bn ln th ba ny thay th xut bn ln th hai ca n phm 34.5. c pht hnh nm 1981 . Vn bn ca tiu chun ny c da trn xut bn ln th hai ca n phm IEC 34.5 ca xut bn ln th hai ca n phm IEC 529 (1989). Cc mc bo v c to ra bi cc v bc (m IP), cng nh nhng ti liu sau :
Quy tc "su thng" 2H(C0)17 2H(C0)18 Cc bo co b phiu 2H(C0)20 2H(C0)21 Th tc "hai thng" 2H(C0)22 2H(C0)27 Bo co b phiu 2H(C0)26 v 26A 2H(C0)28

Cc thng tin y v b phiu tn thnh tiu chun ny c th thy trong cc bo co b phiu c ch trong bng trn .

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Cc my in quay.

Phn 5 : Phn loi cc mc bo v c to ra bi cc v bc ca cc my in quay (m IP)

1- Phm vi p dng : Tiu chun ny c p dng phn loi cc mc bo v c to ra bi cc v bc i vi cc my in quay . 2- i tng : i tng ca tiu chun ny l m t : a) Cc nh ngha i vi cc mc bo v tiu chun c to ra bi cc v bc c p dng cho cc my in quay v : 1/ Bo v con ngi chng vi cc tip xc hoc ti gn cc phn mang in v cc phn quay (khc cc trc quay trn v tng t) nm trong v bc v bo v my chng s thm nhp cc vt dn l vo my . 2/ Bo v cc my chng vi nhng tc ng c hi do s thm nhp ca nc . b) Nhng k hiu ch ra nhng mc bo v ny . c) Cc th nghim phi thc hin kim tra xem nhng my tho mn nhng yu cu ca tiu chun ny . Tiu chun ny xc nh nhng yu cu m nhng v bc bo v phi tho mn . Tiu chun ny ch p dng cho nhng v bc ph hp vi mi mt khc v vic s dng d kin, v nhng v bc ny v quan im vt liu v cc cu trc m bo rng nhng c tnh i tng ca tiu chun ny c duy tr trong nhng iu kin lm vic bnh thng . Tiu chun ny khng quy nh nhng mc bo v chng vi cc h hi v c ca my, hoc cc iu kin nh m (c sinh ra v d bi ngng t) cc hi n mn, nhng nm hoc su b. Tiu chun ny khng quy nh cc kiu bo v cc my i vi vic s dng trong mi trng , n . Cc hng ro bn ngoi v bc phi c lp t ch dnh ring cho s an ton ca con ngi khng c coi nh l phn ca v bc v khng theo tiu chun ny .

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34-5 IEC 1991 3- Cc k hiu :

K hiu c dng cho mc bo v gm nhng ch IP c km theo bng hai ch s c trng bi th s ph hp vi nhng iu kin ch trong cc bng ca cc mc 4 v 5 ln lt .

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3.1- Mt ch s c trng n l : Khi cn thit ch ra mt mc bo v ch bng mt ch s c trng, ch s b qua phi c thay th bi ch X, V d IPX5 hoc IP2X . 3.2- Cc ch b sung : Thng tin b sung c th c ch ra bng mt ch b sung theo sau ch s c trng th hai. Nu nhiu ch c dng, th t ch ci phi c p dng : 3.2.1- Trong cc p dng c bit (nh cc my c mch lm mt h i vi vic lp t trn cu ca cc tu, m nhng l thng kh vo v ra ca n c ng li khi dng) cc ch s c th c theo sau bi mt ch ch r xem bo v chng vi nhng tc ng c hi do s thm nhp ca nc c kim tra hoc c th nghim i vi cc my khi dng (ch S) hoc cc my ang chy (ch M). Trong trng hp ny mc bo v trong mi trng thi ca my phi c ch r, v d IP55S/IP20M . S vng mt nhng ch S v M phi i hi l mc bo v d nh s phi c to ra trong mi iu kin lm vic bnh thng . 3.2.2- i vi cc my h lm mt bng khng kh thch hp vi cc iu kin thi tit c bit v c trang b cc bin php hoc qu trnh bo v b sung (nh quy nh trong mc 10), ch W c th c s dng . 3.3- V d v cc k hiu : IP Nhng ch c tnh Ch s c tnh th nht (xem bng I) Ch s c tnh th hai (xem bng II) 4 4

4- Cc mc bo v - ch s c tnh th nht : 4.1- Ch s c tnh th nht ch ra mc bo v c to ra bi v bc cho ngi v cho cc b phn ca my nm trong v bc . Trong ct th ba bng 1 m t tng qut nhng vt m i vi mi mc bo v c biu th bng ch s c trng th nht "khng th thm nhp" vo ni b ca my . Biu thc "khng th thm nhp" c ngha l mt phn ca c my, mt dng c hoc mt si dy c cng ra bi mt ngi khng th thm nhp vo my hoc, nu thm nhp vo, mt khong cch thch hp c duy tr gia phn
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ny v nhng phn mang in hoc cc phn chuyn ng nguy him (cc trc quay trn v nhng phn tng t khng c xem xt l nguy him )

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10

Ct ba ca bng I cng ch ra kch c ti thiu ca cc vt dn l khng th thm nhp vo my . 4.2- S ph hp ca mt v bc vi mt mc bo v c ch r i hi l v bc cng s c ph hp vi mi mc bo v thp hn trong bn I. Do , nhng th nghim thit lp mc bo v thp hn ny khng yu cu tr phi trong trng hp nghi ng . 4.3- Qut mt ngoi . Nhng cnh hoc tay quay ca cc qut mt ngoi v bc phi c bo v chng vi tip sc bng cc bin php bo v ph hp vi yu cu sau :
Bo v my IP1X IP2X ti IP5X Th nghim Th nghim qu cu ng knh 50 mm Th nghim ngn tay th nghim

i vi th nghim, r to c quay chm bng tay Cc trc quay trn v cc phn tng t khng c xem l nguy him .
Ghi ch : Trong mt s p dng no (nh cc my mc nng nghip hoc dng c dn dng) nhng cn phng quan trng hn chng vi tip xc s c hoc hu c th i hi nu c quy nh .

4.4- Nhng l tho (thot) Nu my c trang b cc l tho, nhng quy nh sau phi c p dng: - Cc l tho c dng bnh thng h ra ti hin trng phi c gi h trong khi th nghim ; - Cc l tho c dng bnh thng c ng kn ti hin trng phi c gi ng kn trong khi th nghim ; - Nu cc my vi bo v IP3X, hoc IP4X c dng lm vic vi cc l tho h, nhng l thot c th ph hp vi bo v IP2X . - Nu cc my vi bo v IP5X c dng lm vic vi cc l tho h, nhng l tho phi ph hp vi bo v IP4X .

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11

Bng 1 - Cc mc bo v c ch ra bi ch s c trng th nht.

Ch s c trng th nht 0 1 (ghi ch1) M t ngn gn My khng c bo v My c bo v chng vt dn ln hn 50 mm Mc bo v nh ngha Khng c bo v c bit Tip xc s c hoc bt ng ca b mt ln ca c th ngi, nh bn tay, vi cc phn mang in cc phn ang chuyn ng nm trong v bc hoc li gn cc phn ny (nhng khng chng vi vic i vo hu vi nhng phn ) Thm nhp ca cc vt th cng c ng knh ln hn 50 mm. Tip xc hoc li gn cc phn mang in hoc chuyn ng nm trong v bc bng cc ngn tay hoc cc vt tng t khng vt qu 80mm v chiu di Thm nhp ca cc vt dn vt qu 12mm v ng knh. Tip xc hoc li gn cc phn mang in hoc phn chuyn ng nm trong v bc hoc cc dng c hoc cc dy vt qu 2,5mm v ng knh Thm nhp ca vt dn vt qu 2,5mm v ng knh. Tip xc hoc li gn phn mang in hoc phn chuyn ng nm trong v bc bng dy dn hoc nhng di c chiu dy ln hn 1mm Thm nhp ca vt dn vt qu 1mm v ng knh Tip xc hoc li gn phn mang in hoc chuyn ng nm trong v bc Thm nhp ca bi khng c ngn chn hon ton nhng bi khng th vo vi lng lm hi s lm vic tt ca my Cc iu kin th nghim

Khng th nghim Bng III

2 (ghi ch2)

My c bo v chng vi nhng vt dn ln hn 12mm

3 (ghi ch2)

My c bo v chng cc vt dn ln hn 2,5mm

4 (ghi ch2)

My c bo v chng vt dn ln hn 1 mm

5 (ghi ch3)

My c bo v chng bi

Ghi ch bo v .

1- M t ngn gn cho trong ct th hai ca bng ny khng c s dng quy nh kiu

2- Cc my c gn mt s c trng th nht 1,2,3 hoc 4 ca cc vt dn c dng bnh thng hoc khng bnh thng m nhng kch thc ba chiu vung gc ca n ln hn nhng gi tr ch r trong ct "nh ngha" khng th thm nhp vo c . 3- Mc bo v chng bi c xc nh bi tiu chun ny c mt c tnh chung. Nu tnh cht ca bi (kch thc ca cc ht, tnh cht ca chng v d nhng ht si php) c quy nh, cc iu kin th nghim nn c xc nh bng s tho thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng .

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12

5- Cc mc bo v - ch s c trng th hai . 5.1- Ch s c trng th hai ch ra mc bo v c to ra bi v bc chng nhng tc ng c hi do s thm nhp ca nc . Bng II cho trong ct th ba, cc chi tit v kiu bo v c to ra bi v bc i vi mi mc bo v c biu th bng ch s c trng th hai. Mt my h c lm mt bng khng kh c bo v chng nhng bin ng thi tit khi nhng thit k ca chng gim nh s thm nhp ca ma, tuyt v nhng ht l lng trong khng khi trong cc iu kin quy nh, v mt gi tr tng thch vi s lm vic ng n . Mc bo v ny c c trng bng ch W c t sau ch s c trng th hai 5.2- S ph hp ca mt v bc vi mt mc bo v i hi l v bc cng phi ph hp vi mi mc bo v thp hn trong bng II . Do , vic th nghim thit lp ba mc bo v thp hn l khng cn thit tr phi trong trng hp nghi ng . Bng 2 - Cc mc bo v c ch ra bi ch s c trng th hai.
Ch s c trng th 2 0 1 2 Mc bo v M t ngn gn My khng c bo v My c bo v chng git nc ri thng ng My c B.v chng nhng git nc ri xung vi nghing cc i l 15 My c B.v chng nc phun(nc ma) My c b.v chng nc bn vo My c b.v chng tia nc My c BV chng vi sng bin trn ln boong Ny c B.v chng vi nhng hu qu b ngm trong nc My c bo v chng b ngm lu trong nc nh ngha Khng bo v c bit Nhng git nc (ri thng ng)khng c c nhng tc ng c hi Nhng gt nc ri thng ng khng c c nhng tc ng c hi khi my nghing i 15 ca v tr bnh thng . Nc ri xung nh ma theo hng lm vi ng thng ng mt gc nh hn hay bng 60 khng c c nhng tc ng c hi Nc bn vo my bt c t hng no khng c c tc ng c hi Nc c bn vo t mi hng ln my khng c tc ng c hi Nc t sng bin hoc nc c bn vo t cc vi mnh khng c thm vo my vi lng c hi S thm nhp nc vo trong my vi mt lng c hi s khng th c, khi my b ngm trong nc trong cc iu kin xc nh p sut v thi gian My thch hp i vi ngm lu trong nc trong cc iu kin quy nh bi nh ch to. Cc iukin th nghim khng th nghim Bng IV

3 4 5 6 7

Ghi ch- iu bnh thng c ngha l my c bao che rt kn. Tuy nhin vi vi kiu my c th hiu l nc c th vo nhng ch c mt cch nh th no nuc khng gy ra hu qu c hi .

Ghi ch - M t ngn gn cho trong ct th hai ca bng ny khng c s dng quy

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nh dng bo v .

13

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34-5 IEC 1991 6- Cch nh du :

14

Khuyn ngh l nhng ch v ch s c trng c nh du trn my mt cch thch hp trn bng nhn my, hoc nu khng th trn hng ro . Khi tt c cc phn ca mt my khng c cng mc bo v, k hiu ca mc bo v thp nht phi c ch ra u tin, theo sau nu c bi nhng k hiu khc theo phn ca my m nhng k hiu c gn vo . Khi vic lp t ca my c mt nh hng ti mc bo v, nhng b tr lp t d nh phi c nh ch to ch r trn bng nhn my hoc trong cc hng dn cch dng ca nh ch to v lp t hoc tng t . 7- Nhng yu cu tng qut i vi th nghim . Nhng th nghim c quy nh trong tiu chun ny l nhng th nghim mu. nhng th nghim pha c thc hin trn cc sn phm tiu chun hoc kiu mu. Khi iu ny khng th thc hin c, hoc vic kim tra bng th nghim hoc chp nhn bng kim tra bn v thit k nn theo s tho thun gia nh ch to v h s dng. Nu khng c iu quy nh no khc, nhng my ly mu cho mi th nghim phi sch s, cn mi, vi tt c cc phn v tr v c lp t ph hp vi nhng ch dn ca nh ch to . Trong trng hp nhng ch s c trng th nht 1 v 2 v nhng ch s c trng th hai 1,2,3 v 4, mt s kim tra bng mt, trong mt s trng hp r rt, chng t rng mc bo v d kin t c. Trong cc trng hp nh vy, khng cn thc hin mt th nghim no c. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp nghi ng, cc th nghim phi c thc hin nh quy nh trong mc 8 v 9 7.1- Khong cch y . i vi mc tiu ca nhng khon mc th nghim trong tiu chun ny, thut ng "khong cch y " c ngha sau : 7.1.1- Cc my in h p (cc in p nh mc khng vt qu 1000V xoay chiu v 1500V mt chiu). Thit b th nghim (hnh cu, ngn tay, dy v.v...) khng c chm vo nhng b phn mang in hoc chuyn ng khc vi cc b phn khng nguy him nh cc trc quay trn . 7.1.2- Cc my in cao p (cc in p nh mc vt qu 1000V xoay chiu v 1500V mt chiu) Khi thit b th nghim c t nhng v tr bt thun li nht, my phi c kh nng chu ng th nghim in mi c t vo my .
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15

Yu cu th nghim in mi ny, c th c thay th bng kch thc khong cch c quy nh trong khng kh s m bo rng th nghim ny tho mn trong nhng iu kin lm vic v in bt thun li nht .

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16

8- Cc th nghim i vi ch s c trng th nht . Cc iu kin th nghim v chp nhn i vi ch s c trng th nht c cho trong bng III . Bng III - Cc iu kin th nghim v chp nhn i vi ch s c trng th nht
Ch s c trng th nht 0 1 Cc iu kin th nghim v chp nhn Khng cn th nghim Th nghim c thc hin v mt qu cu cng 50 0 mm ng knh c t vo nhng l m trong v bc vi mt lc l 50N 10% . Bo v tho mn nu hnh cu khng qua l m no v khong cch thch hp c gn vo cc b phn bnh thng c in khi lm vic hoc cc b phn chuyn ng trong my . a) th nghim bng ngn tay th . Th nghim c thc hin vi mt ngn tay th nghim nh ch trong hnh 1. C hai ch ni ca ngn tay ny c th b un cong qua mt gc 90 theo trc ca ngn tay, nhng ch theo cng mt hng. Ngn tay c y khng c lc d (khng nhiu hn 10N) vo bt k l m no trong v bc v nu c vo, n c t bt k v tr c th no . Vic bo v c tho mn nu khong cch thch hp c gi gia ngn tay th nghim v cc phn mang in hoc chuyn ng bn trong v bc. Tuy nhin cho php s vo trc quay trn v cc phn khng nguy him tng t . i vi th nghim ny, cc phn chuyn ng bn trong c th vn hnh chm chm nu c th . i vi cc th nghim trn mt my in h p, mt ngun cung cp h p (khng nh hn 40V) ni ni tip vi mt n thch hp c th c ni gia ngn tay th nghim v cc phn mang in bn trong v bc. Nhng phn dn in ch c ph bng vc-ni hoc sn, hoc c bo v bng xy-ho hoc bng mt qu trnh tng t, phi c ph bng mt t kim loi c ni vi cc phn bnh thng c in p khi lm vic. S bo v tho mn nu n khng sng i vi cc my in cao p, khong cch ly c kim tra bng mt th nghim in mi, hoc bng mt php o khong cch trong khng kh ph hp vi nguyn tc ca tiu mc 7.1.2 . b) Th nghim hnh cu : +0 ,5 Th nghim c thc hin vi mt hnh cu cng c ng knh 12, 0 0 c t vo nhng l m ca v bc vi mt lc l 30N10% . Bo v c tho mn nu hnh cu khng qua bt k ca m no v khong cch ly c duy tr ti cc phn mang in hoc chuyn ng bn trong my Th nghim c thc hin vi mt thanh hoc mt si dy thp thng v cng c ng +0 , 05 knh l 1 0 c t vo mt lc l 1N10%. u cui ca si dy hoc thanh phi khng c g gh v phi c ct theo mt tit din thng . Bo v c tho mn nu si dy hoc thanh khng th vo v bc . 4
+0 , 05 Th nghim c thc hin vi mt si dy thp thng v cng c ng knh l 1 0 +0 , 05

c t vo vi mt lc l 1N10%. u si dy phi khng c g gh v c ct theo mt tit din thng . Bo v c tho mn nu si dy khng th vo v bc

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17
(tip trang 23)

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18 Bng III (tip tc)

Ch s c trng th nht 5
a) Th nghim bi :

Cc iu kin th nghim v chp nhn

Th nghim c thc hin bng cch s dng thit b kt hp cht ch nhng nguyn l c bn c biu th trong hnh 2 trong bt tan c gi treo l lng trong mt phng th nghim c bt kn thch hp. Bt tan c dng phi c th qua mt ci ry c mt li hnh vung, m ng knh danh nh cc si ca mt li l 50 m v rng danh nh gia cc si l 75 m. Lng bt tan c s dng l 2Kg trn mt khi ca th tch phng th nghim. Bt khng c s dng cho hn 20 th nghim . Cc my in c mt v bc m trong chu k vn hnh bnh thng ca my gy nn nhng gim p sut khng kh bn trong c lin quan n cc p sut kh quyn xung quanh. Nhng gim p sut ny c th do, V d, tc ng ca cc chu trnh nhit (loi I) i vi th nghim ny, my c t trong phng th nghim v p sut bn trong my c duy tr di p sut kh quyn bng mt bm chn khng. Nu v bc ch c mt l thot, vic ni ht ra phi c thc hin trn mt l c trang b c bit cho mc tiu th nghim, tr phi nu l tho c dng bnh thng c bt kn ti hin trng (xem tiu mc 4.4). Th nghim c mc ch lm qua trong v bc, nu c th bng mt st p sut thch hp, t nht l 80 ln th tch khng kh trong v bc khng vt qu mt lu lng rt ra 60 th tch trong mt gi. Khng c trng hp s st p sut vt qu 2 KPa (20 mbar) trn p k trong hnh 2 Nu nhn c mt lc lng rt ra l 40 ti 60 th tch trong mt gi th th nghim c dng li sau 2 gi . Nu vi mi st p sut l 2KPa (20mbar) lu lng rt ra nh hn 40 th tch trn gi, th nghim c tip tc cho ti khi th tch khng kh c rt ra bng 80 ln th tch khng kh ca v bc hoc cho ti mt thi k 8 gi tri qua. Nu khng th th nghim c my tng b trong phng th nghim, mt trong nhng th tc sau phi c p dng : - Th nghim nhng phn c bao kn ring l ca c c my (cc hp u cc, v bc ca cc vnh gp, v.v.v...) - Th nghim cc phn tng trng ca c my, bao gm cc phn t nh cc ca ra vo, cc l m ca ci qut mt, cc hp ni, cc , v.v...vi cc phn bnh thng ca my nh cc cc, cc vnh gp v.v.. v tr trong thi gian th nghim . - Th nghim mt my nh hn gm cng nhng chi tit thit k c thc t l y . - Th nghim trong cc iu kin c xc nh bi s tho thun gia nh ch to v h s dng Trong trng hp th hai v th ba, th tch khng kh c rt ra qua my trong th nghim nh c quy nh i vi c my tng b c thc t l y . Vic bo v c tho mn, nu khi kim tra, bt tan khng tch t thnh mt lng hoc v tr nh th no sao cho vi bt k loi bi bnh thng no (v d l loi bi khng dn in, khng bc chy, khng n hoc n mn ho no) n c th can thip vo vic vn hnh chnh xc ca my . b) Th nghim si dy : Nu my c dng lm vic vi mt (nhiu) l thot, nhng l ny phi c th nghim theo cng mt cch sao cho ch s c trng th nht 4, ngha l bng cch dng mt si dy c ng knh 1 mm

9- Cc th nghim i vi ch s c trng th hai . 9.1- Cc iu kin th nghim. Cc iu kin th nghim i vi ch s c trng th hai cho trong bng IV. Nhng th nghim phi c thc hin vi nc ngt .
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Trong khi th nghim, m c thy trong v bc c th b ngng t tng phn, khng nn nhm ln ht sng c th c hnh thnh vi s thm nhp ca nc.

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i vi mc tiu ca nhng th nghim, din tch b mt my phi c tnh ton vi mt chnh xc l 10% . Nn dng nhng cn phng thch hp v an ton khi th nghim mt my trong iu kin c mang in . Bng IV - Cc iu kin th nghim i vi ch s c trng th hai .
Ch s c trng th 2 0 1

Cc iu kin th nghim
Khng i hi mt th nghim no . Th nghim c thc hin bng mt thit b m nguyn tc ca n cho trong hnh 3. Lu lng nc phi ng u hp l trn khp b mt ca thit b v phi sn ra s ma ri gm gia 3mm v 5mm nc trn pht (trong trng hp thit b theo hnh 3, iu ny tng ng vi mt s gim mc nc t 3mm ti 5mm trong mt pht) My trong th nghim c lp t v tr vn hnh bnh thng ca n di thit b nh git v nn ca thit b ny phi c ln hn nn my trong th nghim. Tr i vi cc my c dng lp t trn tng hoc trn trn, gi ca v bc trong th nghim s phi nh hn nn ca v bc . My bnh thng gn vo tng hoc vo trn, c lp t trong v tr bnh thng ca s dng vo mt bn g c kch thc bng kch thc ca b mtca my tip sc vi tng hoc trn khi my c lp t nh trong s dng bnh thng . Khong thi gian th nghim phi l 10 pht .

Thit b nh git cng l mt thit b nh c quy nh cho ch s c tnh th hai 1 v c hiu chnh sn ra cng mt lu lng nc. My c th nghim trong 2,5 pht trong mi mt ca bn v tr nghing. Nhng v tr lm mt gc 15 pha ny v pha kia ca ng thng ng trong hai mt phng vung gc . Khong thi gian tng cng ca th nghim phi l 10 pht .

Th nghim phi c thc hin bng cch dng thit b nh biu th trong hnh 4, vi iu kin l nhng kch thc v dng ca my c th nghim phi sao cho bn knh ca ng dao ng khng c vt qu 1m. Khi iu kin ny khng th hon thnh, mt thit b ti sch tay, nh biu th trong hnh 5 phi c s dng . a) Cc iu kin khi dng thit b th nghim nh ch trong hnh 4 Lu lng tng c iu chnh v mt lu lng trung bnh l 0,07l/pht 5% trn l c nhn ln vi s l Lu lng tng c o bng mt lu lng k . ng c trang b cc l phun trn mt cung l 60 mi pha ca tm im v phi c c nh v tr thng ng; my th nghim c lp t trn mt bn quay c trc thng ng v gn tm ca na vng trn. Bn quay vi mt tc sao cho tt c cc b phn phi c lm t trong th nghim . Khong thi gian ti thiu ca th nghim phi l 10 pht . b) Cc iu kin khi s dng thit b th nghim nh biu th trong hnh 5 . Tm chn ng phi v tr i vi th nghim ny . p sut nc c iu chnh c mt lu lng l 10 5% l/pht [p sut khong t 80-100KPa (0,8-10 bar)] Khong thi gian th nghim phi l 1 pht trn 1 m 2 ca din tch tnh ton ca my (khng bao gm tt c din tch lp t) vi mt khong thi gian ti thiu l 5 pht .

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21 Bng IV (tip tc)

Ch s c trng th 2 4

Cc iu kin th nghim
Nhng iu kin la chn gia thit b ca hnh 4 v thit b cu hnh 5l cng nhng thit b nh nhau c ch ra i vi ch s c trng th hai 3 a) Dng thit b c biu th trong hnh 4 : ng dao ng c cc l c khoan trn ton b chiu di ca n (khong 180 ) ca na vng trn. Thi gian th nghim, s quay ca bn quay v lu lng nc tng l nh nhau i vi bc 3. Gi ca my trong th nghim phi c khoan sao cho khng to ln mt mn chn i vi nc, v vp bc phi c ti v tt c cc pha khi lm dao ng ng ti gii hn ca hnh trnh ca n trong mi hng c tc 60 /giy . b) Dng thit b nh ch trong hnh 5 . Mn chn quay c rt ra khi vi ti v my c ti t tt c cc hng c th . Lu lng nc v thi gian ti n v din tch l nh nhau i vi bc 3 .

Th nghim c thc hin bng cch ti ln my t tt c cc hng c th vi mt tia nc t mt vi ti th nghim chun nh biu th trong hnh 6. Nhng iu kin c quan st l nh sau : - ng knh trong ca vi ti : 6,3 mm - Lu lng : 12,5 lt/pht 5% . - p sut nc vi : xp x 30 KPa (o,3 bar) (xem ghi ch 1) - Khong thi gian th nghim trn m2 ca din tch b mt my : 1 pht - Khong cch t vi ti b mt my : xp x 3m (xem ghi ch 2) (Khong cch ny c th c gim i, nu cn, m bo s lm t thch hp khi ti ln trn)

Th nghim c thc hin bng cch ti ln my t tt c nhng hng c th vi mt tia nc t mt vi ti th nghim tiu chun nh biu th trong hnh 6. Nhng iu kin c quan st nh sau: - dng knh trong ca vi : 12,5 mm - Lu lng : 100 l/pht 5% - p sut nc vi : xp x 100 KPa (1 bar) (xem ghi ch 1) - khong thi gian th nghim trn m2 ca din tch b mt my : 1 pht - khong thi gian th nghim ti thiu : 3 pht - khong cch t vi ti b mt my : xp x 3m (xem ghi ch 2)

Th nghim c thc hin bng cch ngm chm hon ton my trong nc sao cho nhng iu kin sau c tho mn : a) b mt ca nc phi c thy t nht 150mm trn im cao nht ca my . b) phn thp nht ca my phi di b mt ca nc t nht 1m . c) khong thi gian th nghim ti thiu phi l 30 pht . d) nhit ca nc khng c khc nhit ca my qu 5 C Bng vic tho thun gia nh ch to v h s dng, th nghim ny phi c thay th bng th tc sau : My phi c th nghim vi p sut khng kh bn trong khong 10 KPa (0,1 bar). Khong thi gian th nghim l 1 pht . Th nghim c xem l tho mn nu khng c khng kh r r ra trong th nghim . S r r khng kh c th c pht hin ra hoc bng cch ngm chm nc bao trm ht my, hoc bng cch p t ln trn my mt dung dch x phng trong nc .

Nhng iu kin th nghim phi theo s tho thun gia nh ch to v h s dng, nhng nhng iu kin ny khng c km nghim ngt hn nhng iu c quy nh i vi bc 7

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Ghi ch - 1/ p sut nc c th c thay th bng o chiu cao m tia nc ca vi c nng ln t do ti chiu cao .

p sut 30 KPa (0,3bar) 100 KPa(1 bar)

cao 2,5 m 8m

2/ Khong cch ca vi ti my ang th nghim, i vi bc 5 v 6, c t 3 mt v l do thc tin; c th c gim i th nghim my t mi hng .

9.2- Cc iu kin chp nhn : Sau khi thc hin th nghim ph hp vi bng IV, my phi c khm nghim v s thm nhp ca nc v phi chu cc kim tra v th nghim sau : 9.2.1- Lng nc vo my khng c lm hi n s lm vic tt ca my. Nhng cun dy v nhng phn mang in khng c d nh vn hnh khi m khng b m v khng c tch t nc no c th thm vo chng xy ra bn trong my . Tuy nhin, cho php nhng cnh ca qut nm bn trong nhng my quay c m t ; cng nh s r dc theo trc c php nu c trang b tho nc ny . 9.2.2- a) Trong trng hp th nghim trn mt my ang dng, my phi c thc hin trong cc iu kin khng ti in p nh mc trong mt khong thi gian 15 pht ri chu ng mt th nghim in p cao, in p th nghim l 50% in p th nthim i vi mt my mi ( nhng khng nh hn 125% in p nh mc .) b) Trong trng hp th nghim mt my ang quay, ch th nghim cao p c thc hin ph hp vi hng mc a) trn . c) Th nghim c coi l tho mn nu nhng kim tra ny chng t l khng c h hng no theo n phm IEC 34-1 . 10- Cc yu cu v th nghim i vi nhng my h c bo v chng cc bin ng thi tit . Mc bo v W c dng cho cc my h c lm mt bng khng kh vi mch lm mt h, ngha l cc my vi h thng lm mt c ch nh bng ICOX ti IC3X theo n phm IEC 34-6 . Cc my c bo v chng bin ng thi tit phi c thit k sao cho s thm nhp ca ma, tuyt v nhng ht l lng trong khng kh vo nhng phn in c gim i.
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Cc bin php khc m bo s bo v chng bin ng thi tit (nh nhng cun dy c bc hoc ton b v bc) khng c biu tng bng W . Cc my vi mc bo v W phi c ng i qua ca qut mt c kt cu nh th no :

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a) c hai l ht v l y, khng kh c tc cao v nhng ht l lng trong khng kh c ngn tr khi i vo li i trong ni b dn trc tip ti cc phn in ca my . b) ng vo khng kh c trang b t nht ba ln thay i t ngt hng ca kh ht vo, mi ln i hng t nht l 90, bng cch vch ngn hoc bng cch dng nhng bung tch ly . c) ng vo khng kh gm mt khong khng c tc trung bnh khng vt qu 3 m/s cho php nhng ht lng ng. Nhng li bc c th tho lp c hoc nhng li bc khc d dng lm sch hoc tt c thit b khc tch ly nhng ht c th c lp t thay th mt phng lng ng cc ht . Bo v my chng vi nhng tip gip, nhng vt l v nc phi ph hp vi nhng iu kin v cc th nghim c quy nh cho mc ba v c ch nh . Thit k hp u ni phi m bo mt mc bo v t nht l IP54. Nu cn thit, cc b tr to ra bo v chng ng bng, m t, n mn hoc cc iu kin khng bnh thng khc phi c thc hin bng tho thun (v d bng cch ng bng mt s hm nng chng ngng t). i vi vic kim tra bo v chng bin ng thi tit W, vic nghin cu cc bn v ni chung l .

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Handte: Cn Guard : Bo v inslating matial: Vt liu cch in Stop face: Tm chn Jont: khp ni Chamfer all edges: Tt c cc cnh Cylindrical : hnh tr SECTION A-A: tit din A-A SECTION B-B: tit din B-B

25

Linear dimensions in milimetres : kch thc chiu di tnh bng mi-li-mt

Dung sai ca cc kch thc khng ch r dung sai : V gc : 0 -10' V kch thc : 0 ti 25 mm -0,05 Trn 25 mm : 0,2 Vt liu ca ngn tay th nghim : Thp c x l nhit (thp ti) C hai khp ni ca ngn tay ny c th c gp di mt gc 90 +10 nhng ch theo cng mt hng .
0

Vic s dng li gii cht - rnh ch l mt trong nhng phng php c th hn ch gc gp 90 . V l do ny nhng kch thc v nhng dung sai ca nhng chi tit ny khng c ch ra trn hinhf v. Thit k thc t phi m bo mt gc gp l 90 , vi mt dung sai l 0 ti +10

Hnh 1 - Ngn tay th nghim c tiu chun ho

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Dust filter : B lc bi

Valve : van Vacuum pung : Bm chn khng Air flow meter : kim khng kh k Pressure gauge : p k Glass window : ca s knh Machine under test: my ang th nghim Vibrator : my dao ng Talcum powder : bt tan Guard screen : Li bo v Circulating punp : bm tun hon

Hnh 2 - Thit b kim tra bo v chng bi .

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Machine under test: My ang th nghim

Ghi ch : Gi phi nh hn my ang th nghim .

Kch thc tnh bng mi-li-mt

Hnh 3 - Thit b kim tra bo v chng nhng git nc

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Holes : cc l

Counterwweight : cc i trng

Kch thc tnh bng mi-li-mt .

Hnh 4 - Thit b kim tra bo v chng nc phun v bn vo my c biu th bng nhng l phun trong trng hp s c trng th hai .
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(Spray nozzle) vi ti nc

(moving shield) mn chn ng

(Hou) ng un c

(Nressuregauge) p k

(cock) R-bi-n chn

(counterweight)

(Diameter of holes)

Cc i trng

ng knh ca cc l

Nhn trong hng A (vi tm chn c nng ra)

Kch thc tnh bng mi-li-mt 121 l c ng knh 0,5 1 l tm 2 vng trn bn trong c 12 l 30 4 vng trn bn ngoi c 24 l 15 Tm chn ng - nhm Vi nc - ng thau

Hnh 5 - Trang b cm tay kim tra bo v chng nc ph v bn vp my .

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Kch thc tnh bng mi-li-mt D' = 6,3 mm i vi nhng th nghim ca bng IV, ch s 5 D' = 12,5 mm i vi nhng th nghim ca bng IV, ch s 6

Hnh 6 - Vi tiu chun i vi cc th nghim tia nc

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