IEC50131 Machdeinvamachtu

50(131 ) @ IEV
- 1 -
Uy ban k thut in Quc t (IEC)

n phm 50 (131) - 1985
T ng k thut in Quc t
Chng 131: Nhng mch in v mch t
Mc lc
Li ni u.......................................................................................................
Li ta.............................................................................................................
Tit 131 - 01 - Tng qut.____________________________________________4
Tit 131- 02 : T p cc mng in__________________________________20
Tit 131-03- Tnh nng ca nhng mch in__________________________37
Tit 131-04- Cc mch a pha v cc thnh phn a pha ._______________48
/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/144278911.doc
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50(131 ) @ IEV
- 2 -
y ban K thut in Quc t

T vng K thut in Quc t
Chng 131: Nhng mch in v mch t
Li ni u
1. Cc quyt nh hoc tha thun chnh thc ca IEC v cc vn k
thut c son tho bi cc y ban k thut, trong c i din ca cc
y ban Quc gia ang c quan tm c bit n vn ny, th hin s nht
tr Quc t cao v cc ch c cp.
2. Cc quyt nh hoc tha thun ny l nhng khuyn ngh s
dng quc t v c cc U ban Quc gia chp nhn theo ngha .
3. xc tin s thng nht Quc t, IEC by t mong mun tt c cc
y ban Quc gia nn chp nhn khuyn ngh ca IEC nh l cc qui nh quc
gia ca mnh trong chng mc cc iu kin quc gia cho php. Bt k s
khc bit no gia khuyn ngh ca IEC v qui nh quc gia tng ng, cn
c nu r trong chng mc cho php trong cc quy nh ny.
Li ta
Chng ny l mt phn ca ton b cc chng ca T ng k thut in
v cc khi nim khoa hc v k thut tng qut ( loi 1-trong bng phn
loi mi) v gm nhng bn sa i li ca nhm 05: Nhng nh ngha c
bn (cng b nm 1956) ca ln xut bn th hai ca IEV.
Chng ny do nhm cng tc 101 ca U ban Nghin cu s mt chun
b: Cc thut ng
Ba tit ca chng ny l kt qu son t ba ti liu d tho sau y :
- Ti liu 1 (IEV 131) (Vn phng trung ng) 1049 trnh n cc U ban
Quc gia ph duyt th theo Quy tc 6 thng trong thng 10 -1974 v c
son t d tha trc (IEV 101) (Ban th k) 1058 c tho lun trong
cuc hp ca Nhm Cng tc 101 m ng Leysin thng 9 - 1973.
- Ti liu 1 (IEV 131) (Vn phng trung ng) 1057 v 1058 trnh cc U
ban quc gia ph duyt th theo Quy tc 6 thng trong thng 10 - 1975 v
c son t cc d tho trc 1 (IEV 101) (Ban th k) 1064 v 1065
c tho lun trong cuc hp ca nhm cng tc 101 m rng Paris thng
5 - 1975.
2/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 3 -
Nhng nc sau y b phiu hon ton tn thnh vic cng b ba d

tho thuc chng ny:
Nam Phi
c
c
B
Canaa
I pha Nho
an mch
Hp chng quc
M
Php
Ixaren
Nht
H lan
Ba lan
Anh
Thu in
Thu s
Th nh k
Nam t
3/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 4 -
Chng 131: Nhng mch in v t.

Tit 131 - 01 - Tng qut.
131-01- 01
Mch in:
Tp hp cc thit b hay mi trng m cc dng in c th chy qua
Ghi ch: xem "mch in tng ng" 131 - 01 - 33
131-01-02
u cc , u cui
im ca mt mch in dng u ni.
131- 01 - 03
a cc
Mch in c n u cc
Mt mch in c n u cc
131 - 01 - 04.
Mch 2 cc
Cc i (khng nn dng theo ngha ny )
Mch in c hai u cc .
4/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 5 -
131- 01 -05
Phn t mch
Phn cu thnh ca mt mch in khng th chia nh hn c na m
khng lm mt i tnh cht ca n.
131 - 01-06
Phn t mch th ng (ca mch in)
Phn t trong nng lng hp th ch c th l dng hay l khng.
131-01-07
Mch (in) th ng.
Mch ch gn c nhng Phn t th ng.
131-01-08
Mng hai cc c bn
Phn t mch ch c hai u cc.
131-01-09
Phn t mch tuyn tnh
Phn t mch trong cc in p gia cc u cc v dng in ra vo
cc u cc quan h vi nhau bng cc ton t tuyn tnh.
131-01-10
hai cc tuyn tnh
5/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 6 -
Phn t mng hai cc c bn trong in p v dng in quan h vi

nhau bng mt ton t tuyn tnh.
131-01-11
Phn t mch l tng
L s trnh by tru tng mt c cu ch c trng bi mt tham s.
131-01-12
in tr l tng
Phn t mng hai cc l tng trong in p tc thi t vo t l
thun vi dng in vo tc thi.
131-01-13
in tr (ca mt in tr l tng)
S thng ca in p trn dng in.
131-01-14
in dn (ca mt in tr l tng)
Tr s nghch o ca in tr.
131-01-15
t in l tng.
Mt phn t hai u cc l tng trong dng in tc thi t l thun
vi o hm theo thi gian ca in p .
131-01-16
cun cm l tng
6/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 7 -
Mt Phn t hai u cc l tng trong in p tc thi t l thun vi

o hm theo thi gian ca dng in
7/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 8 -
131-01-17
in dung (ca mt t in l tng)
S thng ca dng in trn o hm ca in p theo thi gian.
131-01-18
in cm (ca mt cun cm l tng)
S thng ca in p vi o hm theo thi gian ca dng in
131-01-19
i t l tng
Phn t mch hai u cc ltng xc nh bi mt in tr bng khng
theo mt chiu i qua ca dng in v bng v cc theo chiu ngc li.
131-01-20
Mch c thng s tp trung.
Mch c th c biu hin bng s kt hp ca mt s hu hn cc Phn
t mch l tng
131-01-21
Mch c thng s ri
8/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 9 -
Mch c th c biu hin bng s kt hp ca mt s v hn cc Phn t

c bn l tng.
9/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 10 -
131-01-22
Phn t (ca mch c c tnh) i xng.
Phn t hai u cc c cc tham s c lp vi cc tnh ca in p v
chiu ca dng in.
131-01-23
Phn t (c c tnh) khng i xng.
Phn t hai u cc c t nht mt tham s ph thuc vo cc tnh ca
in p hay chiu ca dng in.
131-01-24
m uyn Tng tr
i lng v hng bng s thng ca gi tr hiu dng ca in p trn
cc ca mt mng hai cc vi gi tr hiu dng ca dng in chy qua n
132-01-25
Tng tr (phc)
i lng phc m m uyn bng m uyn ca tng tr v acgumen bng
gc pha ca in p tr i gc pha ca dng in.
131-01-26
in tr (tng ng)
Phn thc ca mt tng tr phc.
10/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 11 -
* Cc nh ngha ch c gi tr i vi cc Phn t mch

hai u cc ch xc lp hnh sin, trong s
thng ca vect phc in p trn vect phc dng in
l khng i tn s ang xt.
11/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 12 -
131-01-27
* in khng
Phn o ca mt tng tr phc
131-01-28
* (M un ca ) tng dn
i lng v hng bng s thng ca gi tr hiu dng ca dng in trn
gi tr hiu dng ca in p ca mt mch hai cc
131-01-29
* Tng dn (phc)
i lng phc m m uyn bng m uyn ca tng dn v agumen bng
gc pha ca dng in tr i gc pha ca in p.
131-01-30
* in dn (tc dng )
Phn thc ca mt tng dn p phc
131-01-31
*in np ( phn khng )
Phn o ca mt tng dn phc
131-01-32
* Im - mt - tng
T dng ch mt tng tr hay mt tng dn
12/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 13 -
* nh ngha ch c gi tr i vi cc mch u ni ch sin vnh cu

trong s thng ca vect phc in th trn vect phc dng in l
khng i tn s ang xt.
13/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 14 -
31-01-33
Mch in tng ng
M hnh din t hnh vi ca mt mch bng mt mng cc phn t l
tng.
131-01-34
Phn t tch cc (ca mch)
Phn t ca mch m mch tng ng cha mt ngun in nng .
131-01-35
Ngun in p l tng.
Phn t tch cc m in p trn cc, gi l in p ngun, khng ph
thuc vo dng in qua n.
131-01-36
Ngun dng in l tng.
Phn t tch cc m dng in , c gi l dng in ngun, khng ph
thuc vo in p trn cc u cc ca n.
131-01-37
Ngun in p (c lp)
14/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 15 -
Phn t tch cc c th c biu din bng mt ngun in p l tng

khng ph thuc mi dng in hay in p ca mch , ni tip vi mt phn
t th ng.
15/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 16 -
131-01-38
Sc in ng (vit tt s..)
in p trn hai cc ca mt ngun in p l tng dng biu din mt
phn t tch cc.
131-01-39
Ngun dng in (c lp)
Mt Phn t tch cc c th c biu th bng mt ngun dng l tng
c lp vi mi dng hay in p ca mch , v ni song song vi mt phn
t th ng.
131-01-40
Ngun in p [dng] ph thuc
Mt ngun m in p [dng in] l mt hm s ca mt in p khc
hay mt dng in khc ca mch.
131-01-42
Ghp ni
Lin lc gia hai mch hay hai b phn ca mch cch bit nhau , cho
php c th chuyn nng lng t ci ny sang ci kia.
131-01-43
H cm.
16/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 17 -
S thng ca t thng cm ng trong mt mch trn dng in chy

trong mt mch khc sn sinh ra t thng .
17/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 18 -
131-01-44
H s ghp (cm ng) ca hai mch.
T s ca h cm vi trung bnh nhn ca cc in cm ring ca hai
mch.
131-01-45
Mch t.
Tp hp cc mi trng dn mch t thng trong mt vng xc nh.
131-01-46
T tr
S thng ca sc t ng trn t thng lin quan
131-01-47
t dn
Nghch o ca t tr
131-01-48
t thngr
Phn cu t thng khng chy trong mch t quy nh
18/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 19 -
19/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 20 -
Tit 131- 02
: T p cc mng in
131-02-01
T p ca mng in
S nghin cu ca cc v tr tng i ca cc Phn t l tng biu hin
mt mng in.
131-02-02
Mng in.
Tp hp cc Phn t mch lin kt nhau coi nh mt tng th v c th
biu hin bng cc nhnh v cc nt.
131-02-03
Nhnh.
Mt tp hp con ca mt mng, coi nh mt mng hai cc , bao gm mt
phn t mch hoc mt t hp cc phn t mch 131-02-04
Nt; nh.
im cui ca mt nhnh trong mt mng hay l im ni ca hai hay nhiu
nhnh.
131-02-05
Graph ca mt mng.
Biu hin bng th mt mng c cc phn t tp trung, trong cc
nhnh c biu hin bng nhng on cung v cc nt bng nhng im.
20/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 21 -
21/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 22 -
131-02-06
[131-02-07]
Mng lin thng[khng linthng ]
Mt mng m trong , ngi ta c th [khng th] i t mi nt bt k
ti mi nt khc bng mt ng lin tc ch vi cc nhnh ca mng.
131-02-08
Vng.
Tp hp cc nhnh hnh thnh mt ng khp kn ch i qua mi mt nt
mt ln .
o nt
vng
131-02-09
Cy.
Tp hp lin thng cc nhnh ni lin tt c cc nt ca mt mng nhng
khng hnh thnh vng.
131-02-10
B cy
Tp hp cc nhnh ca mt mng khng nm trong mt cy chn.
Ghi ch: - Trong cc hnh 131-02-09B, cc nhnh 2-6, 37 v 4-8 hp thnh b cy
22/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 23 -
23/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 24 -
131-02-11
Mt xch.
B cnh
Nhnh ca mt b cy
o nt
_______ cy
======== mt xch
131-02-12
Vng b cnh
Tp hp cc nhnh hp thnh mt vng v ch cha mt b cnh ca mt
b cy cho.
( Xem hnh 131-02-11)
A&C
Th d cc vng : 1-2-5-6-1
B
1-2-6-5-1
2-3-7-6-2
1-2-3-7-6-5-1
3-4-8-7-3
1-2-3-4-8-7-6-5
131-02-13
Graph mt phng.
Graph c th v trn mt mt phng m khng c cc nhnh giao ct nhau.
th mt phng
th khng mt phng
131-02-14
Dng mch vng
24/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 25 -
Dng chy trong b cnh xc nh mt vng b cnh
25/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 26 -
131-02-15
Tp hp ct.
Tp hp cc nhnh ca mt graph sao cho khi ct b tt c cc nhnh s
lm tng s Phn khng lin thng ca graph trong khi nu duy tr ch mt
nhnh bt k s khng lm tng s .
131-02-16
Phn tch mng.
Xc dnh trng thi ca mt mng (in p, dng in, cng sut).
Ghi ch : - Vic phn tch mng c th lm bng phng
php nt, phng php mch vng hay phng php tp
ct.
131-02-17
Tng hp mng.
Xc nh t p ca mt mng v nhng tr s ca cc Phn t ca n c
c mt cng nng nht nh.
131-02-18
u cc ca mt mng.
Nt ca mt mng, cho php ni vo cc mch khc.
131-02-19
Cc cc vo ca mng.
26/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 27 -
Nhng u cc ca mt mng ni vi mt mch hay mt thit b bn ngoi

c kh nng cung cp a vo mt nng lng hay mt tn hiu in.
27/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 28 -
131-02-20
Cc cc ra ca mt mng.
Cc u cc ca mt mng u vi mt mch hay mt thit b bn ngoi ,
c kh nng nhn nng lng in hay mt tn hiu in.
131-02-21
Ca; cp u cc .
Tp hp hai u cc ca mt mng, sao cho dng in vo qua mt u
th ng nht vi dng in ra qua u kia.
131-02-22
Mng mt ca.
Mng hai cc
1. Mng c hai u cc
2. Mng c nhiu u cc nhng ch quan tm n c tnh hai u
cc , c coi nh mt ca m thi.
131-02-23
Mng hai ca
Mng bn cc
Mng c hai cp u cc to thnh 2 ca
131-02-24
Mng n ca.
Mng n cp u cc .
1. Mng c 2n u cc to thnh n ca.
28/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 29 -
2. Mng c hn 2n u cc nhng ta ch quan tm n c tnh, nhn t

2n u cc coi nh n ca.
29/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 30 -
131-02-25
Mng hai ca cn bng.
Mng hai ca m trong s hon v ng thi ca cc u cc vo vi
nhau v cc u cc ra vi nhau khng c nh hng g ti ch ca cc
mch in bn ngoi.
131-02-26
Mng hai ca i xng.
Mng hai ca trong s hon v ca cc u vo vi cc u ra khng
nh hng g ti ch ca cc dng in trong nhng mch in bn ngoi.
Ghi ch: Mng c gi l khng i xng khi khng
phi trng hp ny.
30/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 31 -
Hai ca thng dng
131-02-27
Mng hai ca hnh L
131-02-28
Mng hai ca hnh
131-02-29
Mng hai ca hnh T
131-02-30
Mng hai ca hnh
131-02-31
Mng hai ca dng cu
131-02-32
Mng hai ca hnh T bc cu.
131-02-33
31/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 32 -
Mng hai camc xch

Mng hai ca lm bng cc hai ca hnh L ni theo kiu ci trc ci sau
131-02-34
Mng hai ca hnh T kp.
Mng hai ca to c bng cch ni song song cc u vo tng ng v
cc u ra tng ng ca hai mng hai ca hnh T.
131-02-35
B lc l tng.
Mng hai ca truyn cc tn hiu khng suy gim tt c cc tn s trong
mt hay nhiu gii tn v vi mt suy gim khc khng mi tn s khc.
131-02-36
Mng hai ca tng h.
Mng hai ca m s thng ca in p mt ca chia cho dng in
on mch ca kia l bng s thng ca in p ca th hai chia cho
dng in on mch ca ci th nht.
Ghi ch : - Mt mng a ca tng h c c trng
bi mt ma trn Immittng i xng.
131-02-37
Immitang u cui ca mt ca.
Immitng ca mch hay ca thit b in ni vi cc u cc ca ca xt.
131-02-38
Immitng ph ti.
32/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 33 -
Immittng u cui ca ra.
33/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 34 -
131-02-39
[131-02-40]
Immitng u vo [ra] ca mt mng hai ca
Immitng ca mng nhn t cc u vo [ra].
131-02-41
Immittng u vo ca mt mng nhiu ca.
Immittng ca mng nhiu ca nhn t ca m tn hiu c t vo.
Ghi ch :- Tr s ca n l hm ca cc Immittng u
cui ca cc ca khc
131-02-42
My bin p l tng.
Mng hai ca th ng tng h duy tr cng sut tc thi v sao cho in
p tc thi mt ca t l thun vi in p tc thi ca khc.
Ghi ch : - Tng tr nhn t mt ca l mt bi s dng
xc nh ca tng tr u cui ca ca kia
131-02-43
Girator (Con quay) l tng.
Mt mng hai ca th ng khng tng h bo ton i vi cng sut tc
thi v sao cho in p tc thi mi ca t l thun vi dng in tc thi
ca kia.
34/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 35 -
Ghi ch : - Tng tr nhn t mt ca t l thun vi tng

dn u cui ca ca kia.
35/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 36 -
131-02-44
[131-02-45]
B suy gim [khuch i] l tng.
Mng hai ca th ng [tch cc] m cng sut ra thp [cao] hn cng sut
vo v sao cho t s cc tr s tc thi ca cc in p hay cc dng in ra
v vo l khng i.
131-02-46
Hm truyn t .
S thng ca nh Laplace ca mt tn hiu ra chia cho nh Laplace ca
tn hiu vo tng ng.
131-02-47
Immittng truyn t
Hm truyn t trong mt trong nhng tn hiu l mt in p v ci kia
l mt dng in.
131-02-48
T s truyn t .
Hm truyn t trong hai tn hiu l nhng i lng cngth nguyn
131-02-49
Mch bin i tng tr l tng.
Mng hai ca tng h hay khng tng h m tng tr vo l mt bi s
nht nh ca tng tr ti.
36/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 37 -
Ghi ch : - Nu bi s l thc v m, ngi ta gi l

mch bin i tng tr m .
Tit 131-03- Tnh nng ca nhng mch in

131-03-01
[131-03-02]
in p xoay chiu [dng in xoay chiu].
in p [dng in] c chu k c tr s bnh qun bng 0
u~
i~
131-03-03
H s sng c bn (ca mt in p hay mt dng in xoay chiu
khng hnh sin)
T s gi tr hiu dng ca sng c bn trn gi tr hiu dng ca i lng
xoay chiu.
*
fu =
U1
U
fi =
I1
I
131-03-04
H s iu ha ; h s mo (ca mt in p hay mt dng in xoay
chiu khng hnh sin).
T s ca tr s hiu dng ca tng cc sng iu ha cao trn tr s hiu
dng ca i lng xoay chiu.
37/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 38 hu =
U 2 U 12
= 1 f u2
U
h1 =
I 2 I12
= 1 f 12
I
* Nhng cng thc c k hiu * ny c dng cc k hiu ch khng

c nu trong n phm 27 ca IEC
38/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 39 -
131-03-05
Gi tr trung bnh chnh lu (ca mt in p hay dng in xoay
chiu)
Gi tr trung bnh ly trn mt chu k ca m uyn cc gi tr tc thi ca
i lng xoay chiu.
Ur =
Ir
=
=
1
T
u dt
T
1
T
i dt
0
131-03-06
(131-03-07)
in p [dng in] mchxung ( p mch ).
in p (dng in) chu k c gi tr trung bnh khc khng..
u = U0 + ~
i = I 0 + i~
131-03-08
Thnh Phn mt chiu (ca mt in p hay dng in mchxung )
gi tr trung bnh trn mt chu k, ca i lng mchxung.
U0 = =
I0 = i =
1
T
1
T
udt
idt
131-03-09
Thnh Phn xoay chiu (ca mt in p hay dng in mchxung )
i lng c c bng cch ly i lng mch xungtr thnh phn mt
chiu .
U~ = u U0
i~ = i I 0
39/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 40 -
131-03-10
131-03-11
Dng in [in p] mt chiu
1. Dng in [in p] c lp vi thi gian.
2. Ni rng ra, dng in [ in p] m thnh phn mt chiu c tm quan
trng hng u.
131-03-12
H s mch xung (ca mt in p hay dng in mchxung ).
T s gi tr hiu dng ca thnh phn xoay chiu ca i lng mch xung
trn gi tr hiu dng ca i lng .
* pu =
U~
U
pi =
I~
I
131-03-13
H s sng hiu dng (ca mt in p hay mt dng in mchxung ).
T l gi tr hu hiu ca thnh Phn xoay chiu ca i lng mch xung
trn tr gi tuyt i ca thnh Phn khng i ca n.
U~
* ru = U
0
ri =
I~
I0
131-03-14
H s sng nh (ca mt in p hay mt dng in mch ng).
T s gi tr t nh n y ca thnh Phn xoay chiu trn gi tr tuyt i
ca thnh phn mt chiu ca i lng mchxung
*
q0 =
u~
U0
qi =
i~
I0
40/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 41 -
* Nhng cng thc c k hiu * ny l ch cc k hiu ch khng nu

trong n phm 27 ca IEC
41/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 42 -
131-03-15
Cng sut tc thi.
Tch ca cc gi tr tc thi ca in p v dng in mt ca..
p = ui
131-03-16
Cng sut biu kin.
Tch ca cc gi tr hiu dng ca in p v dng in mt ca.
S = U. I
131-03-17
Cng sut phc (i vi in p v dng in xoay chiu )
tch ca vect phc in p phc v lin hp ca vect phc dng in .
Ghi ch : - M uyn ca n bng cng sut biu kin v
acgumen bng gc gia hai pha.
S = P + jQ = SI = Se j ( u i ) = Se j
Cng sut hu cng

Gi tr trung bnh , trong mt chu k, ca cng sut tc thi .
P=
1
idt
T
Ghi ch : 1- ch hnh sin th cng sut hu cng l

Phn thc ca cng sut phc
P = Re S = S cos
2- ch c chu k khng hnh sin th cng sut hu

cng l tng ca cng sut cc thnh Phn khng i v
cc cng sut hu cng ca cc thnh phn sng c bn
v cc sng iu ha
42/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 43
P = Pk
k =0
43/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 44 -
131-03-19
Cng sut phn khng (cho in p v dng in hnh sin).
Phn o ca cng sut phc
Q = I m S = S sin
Ghi ch : - Cng sut phn khng cp cho mt cm

khng l dng (xem n phm 375 ca IEC.).
131-03-20
H s cng sut.
T s gia cng sut hu cng v cng sut biu kin.
=
P
S
131-03-21
H s lch pha ( ca sng c bn).
T s gia cng sut hu cng ca cc thnh ph n c bn ca in p v
ca dng in v cng sut biu kin ca chng.
1 = cos 1 =
P1
S1
trong :
1 = u1 i1
Ghi ch : - H s lch pha cng c th xc nh bi cosin

ca gc ca cc pha thnh phn c bn ca dng in v
in p.
* vect phc : mt i lng phc A = A.e j hoc = .ej m ac gu

men ca n bng gc pha v m un ca n bng gi tr hiu dng A
hoc bin ca mt i lng hnh sin
a = A.
.cos(t + ) = . . cos(t + )
44/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 45 -
Mc lc
Li ni u
Li ta
Tit 131 - 01 - Tng qut.____________________________________________4

Tit 131- 02 : T p cc mng in__________________________________20
Tit 131-03- Tnh nng ca nhng mch in__________________________37
Tit 131-04- Cc mch a pha v cc thnh phn a pha ._______________48
45/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 46 -
46/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 47 -
U ban k thut in Quc t (IEC)
T ng k thut in Quc t.
Chng 131 : Cc mch in v mch t .
Li ni u
1. Cc quyt nh hoc tha thun chnh thc ca IEC v cc vn k
thut c son tho bi cc y ban k thut, trong c i din ca cc
y ban Quc gia ang c quan tm c bit n vn ny, th hin s nht
tr Quc t cao v cc ch c cp.
2. Cc quyt nh hoc tha thun ny l nhng khuyn ngh s
dng quc t v c cc U ban Quc gia chp nhn theo ngha .
3. xc tin s thng nht Quc t, IEC by t mong mun tt c cc
y ban Quc gia nn chp nhn khuyn ngh ca IEC nh l cc qui nh quc
gia ca mnh trong chng mc cc iu kin quc gia cho php. Bt k s
khc bit no gia khuyn ngh ca IEC v qui nh quc gia tng ng, cn
c nu r trong chng mc cho php trong cc quy nh ny.
Li ta
Tit 131-04 " Cc mch a pha v cc thnh phn a pha " l phn b
xung th nht cho IEV (T ng k thut in Quc t) chng 131 " cc mch
in v mch t, c xut bn vo nm 1978 bi Nhm Cng tc 101 ca y
ban K thut s 1 " Thut ng ".
Bn tho th nht, ti liu 1 (IEV 131) (vn phng) 1130 trnh ti
cc y ban Quc gia v cc dn gii vo thng 7/1978. Sau khi xem xt cc
dn gii ny cuc hp Nhm Cng tc m rng t chc Lausanne thng
9/1979, mt bn d tho th hai, Ti liu1 (IEV 131) (Vn phng Trung ng)
1120, c son tho v trnh ti cc y ban Quc gia chp thun
theo Quy tc 6 thng vo thng 2/1980.
Cc y ban Quc gia ca cc nc sau y biu quyt mt cch dt
khot chp thun xut bn l :
c
c
B
Canada
an mch
Israel
Nht
H lan
Vng quc Anh
47/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 48 -
Ai cp
Ty ban Nha
Hoa k
Php
Thy in
Thy s
Th nh k
Chng 131 : Cc mch in v mch t .

Tit 131-04- Cc mch a pha v cc thnh phn a pha .
Ghi ch m u.
Cc nh ngha lin quan ti cc h thng a pha v cc thnh phn a
pha nu ra sau y l ni v cc lng tuyn tnh ca cc h thng ny, l
cc bin tun theo nguyn l xp chng nh cc in p, cc in th, cc
dng, cc cng in trng ,t trng, cc mt thng lng in v
t , cc in tch, khng bao gm cng sut v nng lng
131-04-01
Mch a pha
Mch m pha
Mt mch m graph ca n c s i xng hon v chu k lp li m
ln.
131-04-02
H thng a pha.
H thng m pha.
Mt h thng ng vi mt mch a pha hoc m pha.
48/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 49 -
131-04-03
Pha (ca mt mch a pha).
Mt graph con c lp li m ln trong mt mch a pha.
131-04-04
Th t pha
Th t trong thc hin vic lp li ca m pha
131-04-05
Phn t ca mt mch a pha
Tp hp cc thnh phn vt l ca mt trong cc nhnh thuc mt pha
ca mt mch a pha
131-04-06
Nt a pha
Tp hp sp xp ca m nt ca graph mt mch a pha , sp xp nt
ny ng vi nt khc bng cch hon v vng trn.
Ca a pha
Tp hp xp th t ca m ca ca graph mt mch a pha, xp ca ny
ng vi ca khc c bng cch theo hon v vng trn.
49/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 50 -
131-04-08
Ni hnh sao
Mt cch ni trong tt c cc pha u c mt nt chung .
131-04-09
Ni a gic
Mt cch ni trong cc pha hnh thnh mt a gic kn m cnh, th
t ca cc cnh l th t ca cc pha.
131-04-10
Ngun a pha
Mt phn t ca mt mch a pha , trong mi nhnh c cha mt
ngun.
131-04-11
Ngun a pha cn bng
Trong ch hnh sin, l mt ngun a pha cc vect cc ngun
xp cng li nhau theo th t cc pha, hnh thnh mt a gic u m cnh.
131-04-12
50/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 51 -
Mch a pha i xng

Mt mch trong cc tr dn ring v tng h ca cc phn t khc
nhau u bng nhau trong tt c cc pha. (Immittance = tr dn biu th ng
thi tr khng (Impedance) v dn np (admittance) - LND).
131-04-13
H thng a pha cn bng
Mt h thng c cc ngun a pha cn bng v cc mch a pha i
xng.
131-04-14
i lng a pha tuyn tnh
Mt vect Xm gn vi mt i lng in tun theo nguyn l xp
chng, lin
quan ti cc nt hoc cc nhnh ca mt phn t mch a pha, sp xp th t
theo th t cc pha.
131-04-15
(H thng ) cc thnh phn ca mt i lng a pha tuyn tnh
Tp hp c s gm m lng cng mt loi, l cc thnh phn ca
mt vect.
XA
XB
Xc =
= ( XAXB.....X M)T
.
.
XM
51/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 52 -
sao cho mi i lng a pha tuyn tnh bt k thuc cng loi u c

biu din bng mt t hp cc s hng thnh phn , thng qua php bin
i tuyn tnh xc nh bi mt a ma trn A khng k d :
:
Xm = AXc
131-04-16
Cc thnh phn linhip
H thng cc thnh phn cc ma trn bin i A v B th t lin
quan ti cc in p v dng u khng nht thit phi ng nht , nhng phi
tha mn :
Nu A v B l thc :
BTA = k1
Nu A v B l phc :
BT*A = k1
trong : 1- l ma trn n v v k l mt s dng thc
Cng sut phc hoc tc thi lc ny s t l vi nhau :
I mT(t)U m(t)
= kI Tc (t)Uc(t)
hoc
ImT*Um
= kI Tc Uc
Ghi ch : Trong cc ti liu ta thng thy mt s h thng thnh

phn. Trong cc ph lc c ghi bng cc hj thng c dng nhiu nht
131-04-17
Cc thnh phn chun ha.
52/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 53 -
L nhng tp hp cc thnh phn lin hip ma trn bin i A i

vi dng v in p l nh nhau v bo ton
- cc cng sut tc thi, nu A l mt ma trn thc :
ImT (t) Um (t) = IcT(t) Uc(t)
- cc cng sut phc , nu A l mt ma trn phc
ImT*Um
IcTUc
Ghi ch : Ma trn A ny l mt ma trn n v : mun ca nh thc

ca nbng n v.
131-04-18
Cc thnh phn i xng.
Cc thnh phn Fortescue.
Tp hp c s ca cc vect phc c s , dng lm thnh phn
biu din mi vect.
XF = (Xo X1...Xm-1)T
c dng trong ch hnh sin hoc ng cu , sao cho ma
trn A c dng :
Cc pha
Cc thnh phn
1
2
0
1
1
1
1
b
2
1
b2
3 ....
1 .....
b3 ....
b2
b4
b6 ....
.
.
1
bm-1 b2(m-1)...
m-1
1
b m-1
A= F =
b2(m-1)
(m-1)
trong
b = exp( -j m )
Ghi ch : Cc phn t ca ma trn ny thng c vit theo a:
53/ 40
b(m-1)
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 54 2
a = b* = exp( j m )
131-04-19
Cc thnh phn i xng chun ha
L tp hp c s ca vect pha c s XFn sao cho ma trn A l :
A = Fn =
1
m
131-04-20
Thnh phn ng cc
Thnh phnth t khng
L nhng thnh phn ng nht nhau trong mi s hng ca Xm hoc
ca Xm; c bit thnh phn th t khng ca Xf l :
X1.0 = X2.0
= ... =
Xm.0 = X0
hoc trong cc thnh phn chun ha

X1.0 = X2.0
= ... =
Xm0
1
m
X0
431-04-21
Thnh phn th t thun
Thnh phn X1 ca XF , tham gia vo cc s hng khc nhau ca Xm mt ng
gp a pha cn bng , v to nn mt dy i xng th t theo chiu kim
ng h :
X1.1 = X1 , , X2.1 = bX1... , Xm.1 =
bm-1X1
hoc trong cc thnh phn c chun ha

X1.1 =
1
m
X1 , X2.1 =
1
m
bX1... ,
Xm.1 =
54/ 40
1
m
bm-1X1
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 55 -
131-04-22
Thnh phn th t nghch.
Thnh phn X m-1 ca XF n mang vo cc s hng khc nhau ca Xm
mt ng gp a pha cn bng , tonn mt dy i xng m th t ngc
vi ca thnh phn thun
X 1 m-1 = X m-1 , X 2 m-1 = bm-1 Xm-1.... , Xm. m-1 = b X m-1
hoc trong dng cc thnh phn chun ha :
X 1 m-1 =
1
m
X m-1 , X 2 m-1 =
1
m
bm-1 Xm-1.... , Xm. m-1 =
1
m
b X m-1
131-04-23
Thnh phn i xng th t k
Thnh phn Xk ca XF
sao cho k [2,m-2]
Ghi ch : cc i lng 3 pha ch c mt thnh phn thun, mt thnh

phn nghch v mt thnh phn th t khng.
131-04-24
55/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 56 -
Ma trn tng tr ca mt phn t a pha biu din bng thnh phn

linhip
Vic bin i ca ma trn tng tr ton t Zm(s) hoc ca ma trn tng
tr phc Zm ca phn t ny c xc nh bi :
Zc(s) = A-1 Z m(s)B
sao cho :
Uc(s) = Zc(s)Ic(s)
hoc
Zc
= A-1 ZmB
Uc
sao cho :
ZcIc
131-04-25
Ma trn dn np ca mt phn t a pha biu din bng cc thnh phn
linhip
Vic bin i ma trn dn np ton t Ym(s) hoc ca ma trn dn np
phc Ym ca phn t ny c xc nh bng
Yc(s) = B -1 Ym(s) A
sao cho
Ic(s) = Yc(s)Uc(s)
hoc
Yc
sao cho
Ic
= B -1 Ym A
=
YcUc
Ghi ch : Cng mt bin i nh th c p dng cho cc ma trn

in dung hoc cho cc ma trn nghch o ca in cm .
131-04-26
56/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 57 -
Ma trn tr dn ca mt phn t a pha biu din bng cc thnh phn

chun ha
Vic bin i chnh tc ca mt ma trn tr dn Mm c xc nh
bi :
Mc
A -1 Mm A
131-04-27
Tr dn lin quan ti mt thnh phn x
S hng ng cho c ch s xx ca mt ma trn tr dn trongcc
thnh phn lin hip ,hoc trong cc thnh phn chun ha lin quan ti mt
mch a pha i xng.
Ghi ch : Mt mch ba pha i sng ch c mt tr dn th t thun,
mt tr dn th t nghch v mt tr dn th t khng.
131-04-28
Phn t ca mch in vit theo cc thnh phn:
Phn t ca mch , xc nh bi ma trn tr dn ca n , hoc bi cc
ngun ca n, hoc bi c hai, c biu th di dng cc s hng thnh
phn.
131-04-29
Mch biu din bng cc s hng thnh phn
57/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 58 -
S bin i ca mt mch a pha to bng cch tng hp tt c cc

phn t mch di dng cc thnh phn tng ng, ph hp vi cc quan h
topo ca mch a pha xt.
Ph lc
cc h thng thnh phn a pha thng dng
Tn
Ma trn bin i
Ma trn bin i
58/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 59 -
in ap
dng in
Ghi ch : c mt s tc gi dng quy c du ngc li

trong ct q ca
Thnh phn i
xng hoc thnh
i)
phn Fortescue
Cc thnh phn
Concordia hoc
Clarke chun ha
cc ma trn Ap, Bp v Apn

Cc thnh phn
Cc thnh phn
i xng
Clarke(sa
hun ha
Cc thnh phn
Park
Thnh phn
Park chun ha
59/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 60 -
T ng k thut in quc t IEC
Chng 131 : Mch in v mch t

Bn b sung s 1 12-1984
Nhng iu sa i trong ti liu ny c chp nhn theo Th l Su
thng
Bn d tho sa i c tho lun trong y ban Nghin cu s 1 v
c trnh trong thng 09-1983 xt chp nhn theoTh l Su thng,
di hnh thc ti liu 1(IEV 131) (Vn phng Trung ng) 1217
Thng tin y hn xin tham kho bn bo co biu quyt , ti liu
1(IEV131) (Vn phng Trung ng) 1230.
Trang 7
Thay cc thut ng
131-01-35 v 131-01-36 bng cc thut ng di y
131-01-35
Ngun in p l tng
Phn t c bn tch cc cung cp mt in p c lp vi dng in i qua
n
131-01-36
Ngun dng in l tng
Phn t c bn tch cc cung cp mt dng in c lp vi in p cc
u ca n.
60/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 61 -
Trang 9
Thm vo cui trang cc t mi 131-01-49 v 131-01-50
61/ 40
50(131 ) @ IEV
- 62 -
131-01-49
in p ngun
in p cc u cu mt ngun in p l tng
131-01-50
Dng ngun
Dng cung cp bi mt ngun dng in l tng
Thm vo tt c cc ch dn nhng thut ng 131-01-49 v 131-01-50
ch thch hp
62/ 40

IEC50131 Machdeinvamachtu

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IEC50131 Machdeinvamachtu

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50(131 ) @ IEV

Uy ban k thut in Quc t (IEC)

y ban K thut in Quc t

Nhng nc sau y b phiu hon ton tn thnh vic cng b ba d

Chng 131: Nhng mch in v t.

Phn t mng hai cc c bn trong in p v dng in quan h vi

Mt Phn t hai u cc l tng trong in p tc thi t l thun vi

Mch c th c biu hin bng s kt hp ca mt s v hn cc Phn t

* Cc nh ngha ch c gi tr i vi cc Phn t mch

* nh ngha ch c gi tr i vi cc mch u ni ch sin vnh cu

Phn t tch cc c th c biu din bng mt ngun in p l tng

S thng ca t thng cm ng trong mt mch trn dng in chy

Dng chy trong b cnh xc nh mt vng b cnh

Nhng u cc ca mt mng ni vi mt mch hay mt thit b bn ngoi

2. Mng c hn 2n u cc nhng ta ch quan tm n c tnh, nhn t

Hai ca thng dng

Mng hai camc xch

Immittng u cui ca ra.

Ghi ch : - Tng tr nhn t mt ca t l thun vi tng

Ghi ch : - Nu bi s l thc v m, ngi ta gi l

Tit 131-03- Tnh nng ca nhng mch in

* Nhng cng thc c k hiu * ny c dng cc k hiu ch khng

* Nhng cng thc c k hiu * ny l ch cc k hiu ch khng nu

Cng sut hu cng

Ghi ch : 1- ch hnh sin th cng sut hu cng l

2- ch c chu k khng hnh sin th cng sut hu

Ghi ch : - Cng sut phn khng cp cho mt cm

Ghi ch : - H s lch pha cng c th xc nh bi cosin

* vect phc : mt i lng phc A = A.e j hoc = .ej m ac gu

Tit 131 - 01 - Tng qut.____________________________________________4

U ban k thut in Quc t (IEC)

Chng 131 : Cc mch in v mch t .

Mch a pha i xng

sao cho mi i lng a pha tuyn tnh bt k thuc cng loi u c

Ghi ch : Trong cc ti liu ta thng thy mt s h thng thnh

L nhng tp hp cc thnh phn lin hip ma trn bin i A i

Ghi ch : Ma trn A ny l mt ma trn n v : mun ca nh thc

Ghi ch : Cc phn t ca ma trn ny thng c vit theo a:

hoc trong cc thnh phn chun ha

hoc trong cc thnh phn c chun ha

bm-1 Xm-1.... , Xm. m-1 =

sao cho k [2,m-2]

Ghi ch : cc i lng 3 pha ch c mt thnh phn thun, mt thnh

Ma trn tng tr ca mt phn t a pha biu din bng thnh phn

Ghi ch : Cng mt bin i nh th c p dng cho cc ma trn

Ma trn tr dn ca mt phn t a pha biu din bng cc thnh phn

S bin i ca mt mch a pha to bng cch tng hp tt c cc

Ghi ch : c mt s tc gi dng quy c du ngc li

cc ma trn Ap, Bp v Apn

T ng k thut in quc t IEC

Chng 131 : Mch in v mch t

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