Chng 6

C CU NNG
6-2
Khi nim chung
L c cu khng th thiu trong my nng.
C yu cu cao v an ton.
Ty b phn pht ng phn ra:
CCN dn ng tay
CCN dn ng bng ng c
6-3
6.1. CCN dn ng tay
Pht ng qua tay quay hoc bnh ko
Khi s dng sc ngi thng ly cng sut
N = P.v 0,1 kW.
Khi s dng nhm cng nhn vn hnh,
tng lc tc ng P tnh theo: P = F.m.k
vi F lc do 1 ngi tc ng
m s ngi tham gia vn hnh my
k h s tnh n s phn b khng u lc

6-4
6.1.1. S v c im
cu to
Tnh cht chung ca cc c
cu ny l t quan trng, thi
gian s dng ngn, tc
thp v khng c ti ng.
c im cu to chung: n
gin, gn nh, gi thnh thp.
V vy thng dng tang trn,
cc b truyn h, trt v t
s dng cc ni trc. Phanh
thng dng kt hp vi tay
quay (TQAT).
Q
a,
q

p
P
R
6-5
6.1.2. c im tnh ton
Tnh ton ng hc
T s truyn chung ca cc b truyn Uo xc nh t iu
kin v lc ch khng phi t yu cu v vn tc
Uo = Tv/(Tp.q) = QDo/(2.a.F.m.k.R.q)
trong q l hiu sut chung ca c cu.
m bo an ton vt khng ri
Cc b truyn bnh rng h tnh theo bn un,
trnh hin tng hng gy mt an ton l gy rng.
Cc b phn khc: khi tnh ton thit k cc h s tra
bng theo CLV Quaytay
6-6
6.2. CCN dn ng bng
ng c
S dng ng c pht ng c cu.
C th gp nhiu loi ng c nh
ng c in, ng c t trong, ng
c thy lc, kh nn, thm ch cn
dng c ng c hi nc.
ng c in c s dng rng ri
hn c.
6-7
6.2.1. S v c im
cu to
y l cc c cu quan
trng, nng sut v trng ti
ln, thi gian s dng lu
di, tc tng i cao.
c im cu to chung:
hiu sut cao, chc chn, tin
cy, tui th cao.
V vy thng dng tang x
rnh, cc b truyn kn,
ln v s dng cc ni trc.
Phanh ai hoc phanh TK.
a,
q

p
Q
D

o
q

t
2
3
1
u

1
,
q

1
u

2
,
q

2
6-8
6.2.2. c im tnh ton
Tnh ton ng hc
T s truyn chung ca cc b truyn Uo xc nh t iu
kin m bo vn tc nng cho trc:
u
0
= n
c
/n
tg
= n
c
.t.D
0
/(a.v
n
)
m bo an ton vt khng ri
Cc b truyn bnh rng che kn tnh theo bn tip
xc, kim nghim bn un v qu ti.
Cc b phn khc: khi tnh ton thit k h s tra bng
theo CLV yu cu.
6-9
6.2.3. Qu trnh m my
Qu trnh m my xt khi nng vt, gi thit chuyn ng
nhanh dn u trong sut qu trnh m my.
Khi m my nng vt ng c cn pht mmen ngoi thng mmen
cn tnh do vt nng sinh ra Tt, cn thng thm qun tnh ca cc chi
tit trong h thng khi tng tc:
T
m
= T
t
+ T

= T
t
+ T
1
+ T
2

T
t
mmen tnh do trng lng vt nng sinh ra khi nng vt
T

mmen do qun tnh

T
1
do qun tnh cc chi tit chuyn ng thng (vt nng, mc)
T
2
do qun tnh cc chi tit chuyn ng quay (rto, trc, )

6-10
Mmen tnh T
t

Mmen tnh khi nng (Nm) nh bit
trong phn s cu to c cu nng:



vi Q trng lng vt nng, N
Do ng knh tang, m
a bi sut palng
Uo t s truyn ca cc b truyn
q hiu sut chung ca c cu
q
=
0
0
2au
QD
T
t
6-11
Mmen do qun tnh T
1

Khi m my nng vt, vt nng v mc to ra lc qun
tnh Q
qt
. Lc ny ng vai tr ging nh ti Q, nn
mmen do n gy ra trn trc ng c c tnh theo:

m
n
m qt
t
v

g
Q
j . m Q
60
= =
q
=
0
0
1
2au
D Q
T
qt

q
=
m
c

t u a
n QD
T
2
0
2
2
0
1
375
0
0
0
0
au
n D
a
n D
a
v
v
c
tg
n
t
=
t
= =
6-12
Mmen do qun tnh T
2

Khi m my, mmen cn do qun tnh ca mi chi tit
quay tnh trn trc ca n theo cng thc: T
i
= J.c
i
Do , khi chuyn v trc /c (trc 1), ta c:


Trong ,

l mmen do qun tnh cc chi tit quay lp trn cc
trc 2, 3 tnh quy i v trc 1.
...
u u
T
T
u
T
T
3/1 /
2 1
3
1
2
1 2
~ ~
... T T T
/
+ + =
1 2 1 2
6-13
Mmen do qun tnh T
2
(tip)
Do gia tc gc trn cc trc 2,3 kh nh so vi trc 1,
li phi chia cho t s truyn u
1
, u
1
u
2
nn cc thnh
phn T
2/1
, T
3/1
, khng ng k so vi trc 1. V vy,
mmen do qun tnh cc chi tit quay tnh theo:


Trong , ET
i(I)
l tng mmen do qun tnh cc chi tit
quay lp trn trc 1, cn k l h s tnh n nh hng
ca qun tnh cc chi tit quay lp trn cc trc khc.

= =
) I ( i
T k T . k T
1 2
6-14
Mmen do qun tnh T
2
(tip)
Thay th




c
g
D G D
g
G
. m J
rad/s ,
t .
n
t
i i i i
i i i
2
m
c
m
4 2
60
2
2
2
2
1
1
=
|
.
|

\
|
= =
t
=
=
= c
( )
m
I
i i

t
D G
k T . k T
375
2
1 2

= =
6-15
Cui cng
Vy trong qu trnh m my, ng c cn pht
ra mmen T
m
= T
t
+ T

= T
t
+ T
1
+ T
2


( )
m
c
I
i i
m
c
m
t
n D G
k
t u a
n QD
au
QD
T
375 375 2
2
2
0
2
2
0
0
0

+
q
+
q
=
Cng thc ny c s dng tnh chn, kim tra
kh nng m my ca ng c hoc kim tra thi
gian m my, gia tc m my c ph hp hay khng.
6-16
6.2.4. Qu trnh phanh
Qu trnh phanh xt khi h vt, gi thit chuyn ng chm
dn u v phanh t trn trc 1.
Khi h vt mmen do phanh to ra cn thng mmen tnh do vt
nng sinh ra Tt
*
v mmen do qun tnh ca cc chi tit trong h
thng khi gim tc:
T
ph
= T
t
*
+ T

*
= T
t
*
+ T
*
1
+ T
*
2

T
t
*
mmen tnh do trng lng vt nng sinh ra khi h vt
T

*
mmen do qun tnh khi phanh (phanh khi ang h vt)
T
*
1
do qun tnh cc chi tit chuyn ng thng (vt nng, mc)
T
*
2
do qun tnh cc chi tit chuyn ng quay (rto, trc, )
6-17
Tng t qu trnh m my
Vy khi ang h, dng c c cu, phanh
cn to mmen:

( )
p
I
i i
p
p
t
n D G
k
t u a
n QD
au
QD
T
375 375 2
1
2
2
0
2
1
2
0
0
0

+
q
+
q
=
Cng thc ny c s dng tnh kim tra kh
nng phanh hoc kim tra thi gian phanh, gia tc
phanh c ph hp hay khng.
6-18
Lu
v gii thch cc cng thc
Cn nu c:
ngha v cc gi thit khi lp cng thc.
Cc thnh phn chnh trong cng thc: T
t
, T
1
, T
2

nu ngha, vit cng thc tnh cc thnh phn ny.
Cc thng s trong cng thc v n v o: Q trng
lng vt nng (N), Do ng knh tang (m), v.v
S dng cng thc
next
( )
m
c
I
i i
m
c
m
t
n D G
k
t u a
n QD
au
QD
T : du V
375 375 2
2
2
0
2
2
0
0
0

+
q
+
q
=