TM HIU MT VI C IM TRONG CCH PHT M TING ANH GY KH KHN CHO NGI VIT CN.

Phm Th Hng Thanh Ban Ngoi ng Abstract. Speaking English as well as native English speaking people is the ambition of all English
learners.However, this is beyond the power of Vietnamese learners.Whereas we cannot speak English as well as the American or the British, we can speak a universal acceptable English, an English with its owm features in pronunciation. These features are; Word stress and sentence stress. Intonation with rising and falling. Word linking in connected speech.

Strong forms and weak forms in pronunciation of function words

Tm tt. Ni c ting Anh nh ngi bn x l tham vng ca tt c nhng ngi hc ting Anh. Tuy
nhin, y l iu nm ngoi kh nng ca ngi Vit Nam. Trong khi chng ta khng th ni ting Anh nh ngi Anh hay ngi M th chng ta li c th luyn tp ni c mt ting Anh c chp nhn rng ri trn quc t, ngha l mt ting Anh chun mc vi nhng c im ring bit v cch pht m ca n. Nhng c im l: - Ting Anh c trng m t v trng m cu. - L ngn ng c ng iu, ln xung ging ty thuc vo chc nng giao tip ca cu. - C dng yu v dng mnh trong pht m mt s t chc nng. - C hin tng ni m trong chui li ni. - C cch pht m cc ph m cui ca t rt c trng. Mc tiu cui cng ca vic hc mt ngoi ng l c th giao tip c bng ngn ng . Kh nng giao tip th hin trn hai bnh din tip nhn v sn sinh ngn ng. tip nhn chnh xc chng ta cn hc nghe v c, din t mnh chng ta cn hc cch ni v vit. Qua bi vit ny, chng ti mun ngi c lu n s khc bit gia cch pht m ting anh v ting Vit c th hc ni ting anh hiu qu hn.

Khi nh gi kh nng ni ting Anh ca mt ngi no ngi ta thng a ra tiu ch l tng l: Ni ting Anh nh gi hoc ni ting Anh nh ngi bn x. Tiu ch th nht l mt tiu ch kh m h, "nh gi" y c th miu t ni nhanh v tri chy. Chng ta s bn kh hn v tiu ch th hai. Liu ngi Vit c kh nng ni ting Anh nh ngi bn x? Chng ti khng nh l khng. Mi nc ni ting anh theo cch ring ca mnh. Chng ta nhn thy c s khc bit gia AnhAnh v Anh-M, gia ting Anh Trung Quc vi ting Anh Nht Bn. Vy ti sao chng ta khng chp nhn mt ting Anh Vit Nam? Hy thc hin mt php so snh. Khi chng ta nghe mt ngi nc ngoi ni ting Vit, k c nhng ngi sng hng chc nm Vit Nam, chng ta cng d dng nhn ra ging iu khc bit ca h so vi ngi Vit chng ta. Tuy nhin, iu ny khng h gy kh khn, cn tr trong qu trnh giao tip, thm ch i khi n cn tr nn th v hn bi chnh ging iu v cch din t ca ngi nc ngoi mang n cho ting Vit mt sc thi mi m. Ni nh vy c ngha l chng ta s phi chp nhn mt s nh hng nht nh v ngn ng cng nh vn ha Vit Nam trong qu trnh hc ting Anh. D vy, iu ny khng khng nh rng chng ta c th chp nhn mt th ting Anh lch chun.

 pht trin kh nng ni ting Anh gn ging nh ngi bn x, t nht chng ta phi nhn thy nhng nt c trng c bn trong pht m ting Anh. Nhng nt c trng y theo chng ti l nhng im sau: - Trng m v ng iu. - Cch ni cc t trong chui li ni. - Cch pht m dng mnh v dng yu ca mt s t chc nng. - Cch pht m cc ph m cui trong cc t. I.Trng m, ng iu Ting Vit l ngn ng n m tit v c thanh iu. c im ny ca ting Vit gy cn tr rt ln trong qu trnh hc ting Anh, mt ngn ng a m tit vi nhng c tnh phc tp v trng m, ng iu. Trong ting Anh, nhng t hai m tit tr ln lun c mt m tit c pht m khc bit hn so vi nhng m tit cn li v di, ln, cao. Climate /klaimit/, event /ivent/, expensive /ikspensiv/ Cng cn lu rng mt s t c th c hai trng m, trng m chnh v trng m ph. Examplify /igzempli,fai/ Mc d c mt s nguyn tc v vic xc nh trng m trong t nhng ting Anh l mt ngn ng c rt nhiu ngoi l nn tt nht khi hc ting Anh ngi hc nn ghi nh trng m ca t mt cch my mc cng nh nh cch vit ca t . Tra t in c th gip ngi hc bit c chnh xc trng m ca t. Ngoi trng m trong t ting Anh cn c trng m ca cu. Ngha l mt s t trong chui li ni c pht m mnh hn so vi nhng t cn li. Nhng t c nhn mnh trong chui li ni thng l nhng t miu t ngha mt cch c lp nh: danh t (shirt, flower, people..), ng t chnh (do, eat, read, travel,..) trng t (rapidly, fluently, correctly), tnh t (lovely, nice, beautiful,), t hi (what, why, who). Nhng t khng c nhn trong chui li ni l nhng t chc nng nh: gii t (in, on, at), mo t (a, an the), tr ng t (must, can, have), i t (he, she it,), t ni (and, but, or,), i t quan h (which, what, when,). Ng iu trong ting Anh khng phc tp nh vn trng m ng yl c im chng ta khng th thy trong t in nhng c th luyn c khi nghe v thc hnh cc bi hi thoi. Khi nghe nhiu cc pht ngn trong cuc sng hng ngy, ngi hc ting Anh c th nhn thy rng, trong ting Anh ngi ni thng c xu hng ln ging trng m chnh ca cu v xung ging cui cu i vi nhng cu trn thut, cu yu cu hay cu hi bt u bng t hi.

We love children.

Get out of my life!

What did you buy?

Vi cc cu hi o tr ng t, ngi ni thng ln ging cui cu. Vic ln ging ny cng c thc hin khi ngi ni dng cu trn thut vi mc ch hi.

Can you swim?

You are hard-worrking. No, you are so lazy. Vi nhng cu hi ui, c th ln hoc xung ging cui cu, s ln xung ny quyt nh ngha ca cu.

You broke the vase, didnt you? Xung ging cui cu khi ngi ni ch i s ng ca ngi nghe.

You broke the vase, didnt you? Ln ging cui cu khi ngi ni mun hi thng tin. II.Cch ni cc t trong chui li ni: + Ph m - nguyn m Trong mt chui li ni, khi mt t kt thc l mt ph m v ngay sau n l mt t bt u bng mt nguyn m, ph m ca t ng trc s c c lin vi t ng sau.

Jus t a little on the top of i t { { {{

+ Ph m - ph m Khi mt t kt thc l mt trong cc ph m /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/,/g/ theo sau l cc t bt u l mt ph m th vic pht m cc m trn s khng c thc hin. Bad- judge /d/-/d / stop- trying /p/-/t/ /p/-/s/ keep- speaking

Cc m /d/, /p/ trong cc v d trn s b nut i (khng c pht m) + Ni cc m ging nhau Khi cc ph m cui t trc chnh l ph m u t sau ta c xu hng pht m nhng m ny thnh mt ph m ko di. Top- position /p/-/p/ black- cat /k/ - /k/ /g/-/g/ big- girl

Cc m /p/, /k/, /g/ ch c pht m mt ln nhng ko di. III. Dng mnh (strong form) v dng yu (weak form) Mt s t chc nng (function words) trong ting Anh nh tr ng t, gii t, lin t, c th c hai cch pht m-dng mnh v dng yu. Dng pht m yu (weak form) l dng

pht m thng thng ca loi t ny, chng ch c pht m di dng mnh(strong form) trong cc trng hp sau: - Khi t xut hin cui cu ni. Im looking for a job. /f(r)/ - Khi t c t trong tnh hung i lp. Khi t c nhn mnh v mc ch ca ngi ni, A job is what Im looking for. /f:(r)/

I can speak Chinese so let me talk with her. /kn/ dng mnh I can swim./ kn / dng yu Mt vi v d khc v cch pht m dng mnh v dng yu: + The /i/ dng mnh khi ng trc cc nguyn m (vowels) // dng yu khi ng trc cc ph m(consonants) + A /ai/ dng mnh v // dng yu; an /n/ dng mnh v / n / dng yu. Ex: Ive been waiting for you for two hours. No, an hour only. /n / dng mnh An hour has 60 minutes. /n/ dng yu + But /bt/ dng mnh v /bt/ dng yu. Im but a fool. /bt/ dng mnh She is very pretty but not very clever. /bt/ dng yu + As /z/ dng mnh v /z/ dng yu As you know, Chinese is so difficult to write. /z/ dng mnh He is as silent as a mouse in the church. /z/ dng yu + That /t/ dng mnh v /t/ dng yu. Pht m dng mnh khi n ng vai tr l tnh t hay i t ch nh That is why she went away. /t/ dng mnh That car isnt mine. /t/ dng mnh Pht m dng yu khi n ng vai tr l i t lin h. I think that we have made some mistake. /t/ dng yu + Than /n/ dng mnh v /n/ dng yu. /n/ him khi dng. /n/ trong cu so snh. He can type faster than me. /n/ dng yu + To /tu:/ dng mnh v /tu/, /t/ dng yu.

This present is to him not from him. /tu:/ dng mnh /tu/, /t/ c dng trong hu ht cc trng hp. Im going to be sixteen next Monday morning. I often get up early to njoy fresh still air. IV. Cch pht m cc ph m cui trong t pht m chun ting Anh, vic pht m cc m cui l iu rt quan trng. Do nh hng ca cch pht m trong ting Vit, rt nhiu ngi Vit khi hc ting Anh thng b qun cc m cui nh /s/, /d/,. k/, /g/, /s/, /l/, /z/, /v/, /s/, /f/. Cch pht m nhng m ny khng kh, vn l ngi hc phi nhn thc c s xut hin ca n tm n vic loi b thi quen nut i cc ph m cui cc t. Ni tm li, chng ta khng th ni ting Anh nh ngi bn x nhng c th luyn tp c th ni ting Anh khng sai. Ni ting Anh chun i hi mt s n lc ln trong qu trnh hc, t bit l mi trng him khi c tip xc vi ngi nc ngoi. Khc phc nhc im ny, chng ta buc phi hc ni theo cch chng ta tip cn c qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng, qua h thng bng a. Khi ngi hc nhn bit c s khc bit chng ti trnh by trn v cng vi vic dnh thi gian cho vic luyn nghe ni, chng ti tin rng, ngi hc s ni ting Anh rt ging ngi bn x. References: Jean Yates, Pronounce it perfectly in English. Ho Chi Minh city publisher, 1997. Ocornor, J. Better English Pronunciation. Cambridge University press, 1980. Peter Roach, English Phonetics and Phonology. NXB tr, 1998.