Emyr R. E. Pugh www.linguamongolia.co.

uk

Moehgo& oa Nigoca Dobciyea

The Secret History of the Mongols (mongol-un niua tobiyan)

Text, Translation and Notes

Introduction
The Secret History of the Mongols is one of those truly amazing works of world literature, as well as arguably being the greatest literary work of central Asia. The Secret History traces the history of the Mongolia from legendary times through to the birth of Chingis Khan, the unification of the Mongol tribes and the creation of the greatest contiguous land empire in history, which at its height incorporated most of Asia as well as large chunks of the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The only version of the Secret History which survived the Mongol empire was a version transcribed using Chinese characters based soley on their phonetic value. This vers

1
[1.1]

chen-ji-su ha-han-na hu-zha-wu-er

ingis qaan-u ijaur

Ciehku_ Hegea O Fijego*

[1.2]
die-e-lie deere

teng-ge-li-e-che tenggeri-eche zha-ya-a-tu jaya'atu

deger-e tngri-ee jayaatu

DehE*T DehrI fca JeyegedO

[1.3]
tuo-lie-ke-xian tuorekxian

bo-er-tie borte chi-na chin-a a-zhu-wu ajuu

trgsen brte-inu-a ajuu

Doiroksea Birda CinOT fejogO

[1.4]
ge-er-gai gergai

yi-na ina huo-ai quoai ma-lan-le maral a-zhi-ai ajiai

gergei inu quva maral ajiai

kErkEI finO Howa Mere& fejigeI

[1.5]
teng-ji-si tengjis

ke-tu-le-zhou yi-lie-ba ketulju irebe

tenggis getlj irebe

Deehki_ kEdoljO firebEt

[1.6]
wo-nan onan

mu-lian-na muren-a tie-li-wu-nie tieriun-e

onan mren- terign-e

fonoa Moirea O DeriKaT

[1.7]
bu-er-han-qa-le-dun-na burqan qaldun-a

nen-tu-ha-la-zhou nentulaju

burqan-qaldun-u nutulaju

Breeea Heldoa O NodoglejO

[1.8]
tuo-lie-ke-xian tuorekxian

ba-ta-chi-han bataiqan a-zhu-wu ajuu

trgsen bataiqan ajuu

Doiroksea bEdecieeea fejogO

2
[2.1]
ba-ta-chi-han-na bataiqan-u

ke-wen ke'en ta-ma-cha tamaa

bataiqan-u kbegn tamaa

bEdecieeegea O KibEKa Demeca

[2.2]
ta-ma-cha-yin tamaa-yin

ke-wen huo-li-cha-er ke'en qoriar mie-er-gan miergan

tamaa-yin kbegn qoriar mergen

Demeca iia KibEKa Horice* MerkEa

[2.3]
huo-li-cha-er qoriar

mie-er-gan-na miergan-u ke-wen a-wu-zhan-bo-luo-wen-le ke'en a'ujan-boro'al

qoriar mergen-u kbegn aujam boroul

Horice* MerkEa O KibEKa Fegoje^ Brogo&

[2.4]
a-wu-zhan-bo-luo-wu-lun aujan-boroul-un

ke-wen keen sa-li-ha-cha-wu sali-qaau

aujam boroul-un kbegn sali qaau

Fegoje^ Brogo& oa KibEKa SelI HecegO

[2.5]
sa-li-ha-cha-wu sali-qaau

ke-wen keen ye-ke-ni-dun yeke nidun

sali qaau-yin kbegn yeke nidn

SelI HecegO iia KibEKa Yekt Nidoa

[2.6]
ye-ke-ni-dun-na yeke-nidun-u

ke-wen keen xun-suo-chi unsuoi

yeke nidn-u kbegn sem soi

Yekt Nidoa O KibEKa Se^ SocI

[2.7]

ha-er-chu qaru

xun-suo-chi-yin ke-wen unsuoi-yin keen

sem soi-yin kbegn qaru

Se^ SocI iia KibEKa HercO

3
[3.1]
ha-er-chu -yin qaru -yin

ke-wen keen bo-er-zhi-ji-dai-mie-er-gan borjijidai-miergan

qaru-yin kbegn borjiidai-mergen

HercO iia KibEKa BrjigideI MerkEa

[3.2]

a-zhu-wu ajuu

mang-huo-le-zhen-huo-a ge-er-gai-tu mangqoljenqua gergaitu

mongoljin-uu-a gergeitu ajuu

Moehgoljia GoOT kErkEidO FejogO

[3.3]
bo-er-zhi-ji-dai-mie-er-gan-na borjijidai-miergan

ke-wen keen tuo-luo-huo-le-zhen-bai-yan tuorooljen-bayan

borjiidai-mergen-u kbegn torouljin-bayan

BrjigideI MerkEa O KibEKa Dorogoljia bEyea

[3.4]
bo-luo-hei-chen-huo-a boroen-u-a

ge-er-gai-tu gergaitu

boroin-uu-a gergeitu

Broeecia GoOT kErkEidO

[3.5]
bo-luo-le-dai-su-ya-le-bi boroldai-suyalbi

zha-la-wu-tu jala'utu

boroldai suyalbi jalautu

BroldeI SoyelbI JelegodO

[3.6]
da-yi-er dair

bo-luo boro huo-ya-er qoyar hu-lu-wu-ti quluut a-hei-ta-si-tu atasitu bu-lie-e bulie'e

dair boro qoyar klt atas blge

Deii* BrO Hoye* Kilooa FeeedesdO BilokEt

[3.7]
tuo-luo-huo-le-zhen-na tuorooljen-u

ke-wen keen dou-wa-suo-huo-er doua-suqur duo-ben-mie-er-gan duoben-miergan huo-ya-er qoyar bu-lie-e bulie

torouljin-u kbegn duwa-suqur doben-mergen qoyar blge

DorogoljiaO KibEKa Dowa Soeeo* DoBa MerkEa Hoje* BilokEt.

4
[4.1]
dou-wa-suo-huo-er douwa-suohur

mang-lai dun-da manglai dunda ha-zha-la ajar-a ha-hei-cha aa ni-dou-tu nidoutu bu-lie-e bulie

[4.1]
hu-er-ban urban

ne-wu-li-ti neurid ha-la-hu qaraqu

duwa suqur manglai dumda aa nidt urban negrid ajar-a qaraqu blge

Dowa Soeeo* MeehleI Domda Gegca NidodO GorbEa NeKrioa Geje*T HereeeO BilokEt.

5
[5.1]
ni-kan nikam

wu-dou-ri udouri dou-wa-suo-huo-er douwa-suohur die-e-lie dieer-e dou-ben-mie-er-gan die-wu duoben-miergan dieu lu-e lue bie-yan biean

[4.1]
bu-er-han-qa-le-dun burqan-qaldun

ha-er-ba arba

nigen edr duwa-suqur dobun-mergen deg-lge-ben burqan-qaldun deger-e arba

NikEa Foido* Dowa Soeeo* DoBa MerkEa DeKO LokEt bEa Breeea Heldoa DekE*T GerbEt.
[5.2]
dou-wa-suo-huo-er douwa-suohur huo-luo-han oroqan a-yi-su-hu-yi aisuqu-yi

bu-er-han-qa-le-dun burqan-qaldun ni-kan nikan die-e-lie-che dieeree yi-er-ken irken ha-la-zhou qaraju ne-wu-zhou neuju tong-ke-li-ke tongkelik wo-luo-zhou oroju

[4.1]
hu-lu-wu quruu

bo-luo-ke boluok

[5.2]
ha-la-zhou qaraju

wu-zhe-zhou ujeju

duwa-suqur burqan-qaldun degeree qaraju tnggelik oroqan quruu nigen blg irgen negj oruju aisuqui qaraju jej

Dowa Soeeo* Breeea Heldoa DekEreca HerejO DoiehkEliit Goroeeea HorogO NikEa Biloit FirkEa NeKjO ForojO FeiisoeeoI HerejO FoijejO.

6.
[6.1]
wu-gu-lie-lun ugulierun ni-kan nikan

tie-die tede ne-wu-zhou ai-yi-su-hun neuju ayisuqun tie-er-ke-na terken-u yi-er-ken-na irken-u ni-kan nikan dou-tuo-la doutuor-a wo-qin oqin sa-yin sain bu-yu buyu

[4.1]
ha-la-wu-tai qarautai e-xue esue

wan-le-zhi-ke-die aljikede

[5.2]
gu-wen-nie guen-e

wo-ke-tie-ke-xian bo-e-su okteksen boesu

[5.2]
dou-ben-mie-er-gan douben-miergan

die-wu deu die-yan dean chi-ma-da imada yu-yan yuan hu-yu-ya uyuy-a wu-zhe-lie ujer-e yi-lie-ba ileba

[5.2]
ke-e-zhou keeju

dou-ben-mie-er-gan die-wu douben-miergan deu

gler-n: "tede negj ayisuqun irgen-u dotor-a nigen qara'utai tergen-u eljige-t nigen okin sain buyu, kmn-e ese gdegsen bges dobun-mergen deg-degen cimadur ujuja" kemej dobunmergen deg-ygen ujere ilebe.

FoiKle* oa Deda NeKjO Feiisoeeoa firkEa Dodo*T NikEa HeregodeI DerkEa O FljukEt DO NikEa Foikua Seiia ByO, KoimoaT Fsa Foihdehsea BikEsO DoBa MerkEa DeKO DekEa Cimedo* GoyoIT kEmejO DoBa MerkEa DeKO Yokea Foije*T Filebt.

7.
[7.1]
dou-ben-mie-er-gan douben-miergan

tie-die tede sa-yin sain yi-er-ken irken a-le-da-er aldar dou-er dour gu-lu-e-su guruesu ye-ke-tai yeketai a-zhu-wu ajuu a-lan alan huo-a u-a nie-lie-tai neretai

[4.1]
wu-nian-gu uniangu huo-a u-a bie-er ber

nie-lie ner-e wo-qin oqin

[5.2]
gu-wen-nie guen-e

wo-ke-tie-ai oktieai wu-dou-wei udui

dobun-mergen tede irgen-dr grges, nengk uu-a sain aldar nere yeketai, alan u-a neretai, kmn-e ber gdegei edui kin ajuu

DoBa MerkEa Deda FirkEa do* KirokEsO, FoineehK GoOT Seiia Felde* Ne*T YekEdeI, Felea GoOT NeredeI KimoaT bE* FoikdekEI FdoI Foikua FejogO.

8.
[8.1]
tie-die tede

bo-luo-ke boluok yi-er-ken irken tuo-gu-men togum-un nie-lie-tai neretai nei-yan neiyan ha-zha-la ajar-a bie-er ber e-zhan ejan ba-er-hu-dai barudai mie-er-gan-na mergen-u wo-qin oqin

[4.1]
kuo-le-ba-er-hu-zhen kol-barujen

wo-qin-ni oqin-i wo-ke-tie-ke-xian a-zhu-wu okteksen ajuu

[5.2]
ba-er-hu-zhen-huo-a barujen-uu-a

[5.2]
huo-li-tu-ma-dun qoritumad-un huo-li-tu-ma-dun qoritumad-un

huo-li-la-er-tai-mie-er-gan-nie qorilartai-mergan-e

[5.2] [5.2]
huo-li-la-er-tai-mie-er-gan-na qorilartai-mergan-e

a-li-hei ari wu-sun-na usun-a

ba-er-hu-zhen-huo-a-cha barujen-uu-a-aa

[5.2]
tuo-lie-ke-xian toreksan

a-lan-huo-a neretai nie-lie-tai neretai wo-qin oqin tie-lie tere

tede tede blg irgen ber kol-barujin tkm-n ejen barudai-mergen- kin barujin-uu-a neretei kin-i qori-tmed-n noyan qorilartai-mergen gdegsen azuu, qori-tmed-n ajar-a ari usun-a, qorilartai-mergen- barujin-uu-a-aa tregsen alan uu-a neretei kin tere.

Deda Biloit FirkEa bE* Ki& bErgojia DoiK^ oa Fjea bErgodeI MerkEa O Foikua bErgojia GoOT NeredeI Foikua I HorI Doimeoa oa Noyea HorilerdeI MerkEa Foikdeksea FejogO, HorI Doimeoa oa Geje*T Feri) FosoaT, HorilerdeI MerkEa O bErgojia GoOT Fca Doiroksea Felea GoOT NeredeI Foikua Dera.

9.
[9.1]
huo-li-la-er-tai-mie-er-gan qorilartai-miergan quo-li-tu-ma-dun qoritumad-un ge-lie-e-tai gereetai ha-zha-er ajar

tu-li-yan tur-iyan

[4.1]
bu-lu-gan buluan

ke-lie-men kerem-un ha-zha-li-yan ajar-iyan wo-bo-hei-tu obotu sa-yi-tu saitu huo-li-la-le-dou-zhou qorilalduju bu-er-han-ha-le-dun-na burqan-qaldun-u ke-yan kean tu-er tur bu-er-han-ha-le-dun-na burqan-qaldun-u

[5.2]
mao-wu-la-le-dou-zhou huo-li-la-er mao'ulaldouzhou qorilar

bo-le-zhou bolju sa-yin sain

[5.2]
ge-lie-e-sun gere'esun

ge-lu-wu-li geru'uli ha-zha-er ajar xi-chi-bai-yan sii-bayan

[5.2]
e-zhe-ti ejed

bu-er-han-bo-si-ha-hei-san burqan-bosqasan wu-liang-hai uriangqai

[4.1]

a-zhu-wu ajuu

nou-wu-zhou a-yi-sun nou-wu-zhou aisun

quorilartai-mergen qori-tmed-n ajar-dur-iyan bulaan keremn grgetei ajar-iyan qorilalduju marulalduju qorilar obutu bolju burqan-qaldun-u grgesn grgelel saitu ajar sain kemen burqan-qaldun-u ejed burqan-bosqasan sici bayan uriyangqai-dur ngj aisun ajuu.

HorilerdeI MerkEa HorI Doimeoa oa Geje* do* Jiea Blegea kEremoa KirokEdeI Geje* Jiea HorileldujO MergoleldojO Horile* FoBgdO BljO Breeea Heldoa O KirokEsoa KirokEle& SeiidO Geje* Seiia kEmea Breeea Heldoa O Fjeoa Breeea Bseeeeesea SicI bEjea ForiyeeheeeI do* NoiKjO Feiisoa FejogO.
[9.2]
huo-li-tu-ma-dun qoritumad-un huo-li-la-er-tai-mie-er-gan-na qorilartai-mergen-u huo-a-yi uu-a-yi tian-die hu-yu-zhou tiande uyuju

woqin oqin a-li-hei ari wu-sun-na usun-a

[4.1] [5.2]
a-bu-hei-san abusan

dou-ben-mie-er-gan-na doben-mergan-u

tuo-lie-ke-xian a-lan toreksen alan

yao-sun tie-yi-mu yasun teimu

[5.2 qori-tmed-n qorilartai-mergen-n kin ari-usun-a trgsen alan-uu-a-yi tende uyuju, dobunmergen- abusan yasun teim.

HorI Doimeoa oa HorilerdeI MerkEa oa Foikia Feri) FosoaT Doiroksea Felea GoOT iI Deeda GoyojO, DoBa MerkEa O FeBeesea Yesoa DeiimO .

10.
[10.1]
a-lan alan huo-ya-er qoyar huo-a boluok

dou-ben-mie-er-gan doben-mergan tu-er tur yi-lie-zhou ireju bie-le-gu-nu-tai belgunutai nie-lie-tian neretan bu-lie-e bulee

[4.1]

ke-wen tuo-lie-wu-le-bi keen toreulbi bu-gu-na-tai bugunatai

alan uu-a dobun-mergen-dur irej qoyar kbegn trglbe bgntei belgntei nereten blge.

Felea HoOT DoBa MerkEa Do* FirejO Hoye* KibEKa DoiroKlbEt BiKnodeI bElKnodeI Neredea BilokEt.

11.
[11.1]
dou-wa-suo-huo-er dowa-suqur

a-ha aqa yi-na ina duo-er-bian dorban ke-wu-tu keutu bu-lie-e bulee

duwa suqur aqa inu drben kbegt blge.

Dowa Soeeo* Fe(T FinO DoirbEa KibEKdO BilokEt.

[11.2]
tie-dui tedui

a-ta-la atala dou-wa-suo-huo-er duwa-suqur a-ha aqa yi-na ina wu-gai bo-lu-ba ugai bolba

tedi atala duwa-suqur aq-a inu gei bolba.

DedoI Fede&T Dowa Soeeo* Fe(T FinO FoikEI BlbEt.

[11.3]
dou-wa-suo-huo-er duwa-suqur

wu-gai ugai bo-lu-hei-sa-na bolusan-u huo-yi-na qoina yu-an yuan duo-er-bian dorban wu-lu-ha uru-a

[4.1]

ke-wu-ti keud yi-na ina bo-le-han bolan duo-ben-mie-er-gan a-ba-ha doben-mergan abaa

[4.1]

wu-lu ulu duo-lan-zhi-la-zhou ha-ha-cha-zhou doramjilaju qaaaju ke-zhou nou-wu-ba keju nuuba

duwa-suqur gei bolusan-u qoin-a drben kbegd inu dobun-mergen aba-a-yuan urua ulu bolan doromjilaju qaacaju kej ngbe.

Dowa Soeeo* FoikEI Bloeesea O HoiiaT DoirbEa KibEKoa FinO DoBa MerkEa FebE)T yogea Foro)T FolO Blgea Doromjilea HegecejO kEjO NoiKbEt,
[11.4]
duo-er-bian dorban

wo-bo-hei-tan bo-le-zhou duo-er-bian obotan bolju dorban yi-er-kan irkan tie-die tede bo-le-ba bolba.

drben obotan bolju drben irgen tede bolba.

DoirbEa foBeedea BljO DoirbEa firkEa Deda BlbEt.

12.
[12.1]
tie-wu-na teun-u huo-yi-na qoina ge-ruo-e-lie-lie geruelere

ni-kan nikan wu-dou-er udur ha-er-ba arba dou-ben-mie-er-gan tuo-huo-cha-hei-wan-dou-er doben-mergan toqoa andur

[4.1]

die-e-lie deere

tegn- qoin-a nigen edr dobun mergen tooa-ndr deger-e grgeler-e arba

DeKa O HoiiaT NikEa Fdo* DoBa MerkEa Dogoce( Foiedo* DekE*T KirokEle*T GerbEt.
[12.2]
huai oi

duo-tuo-la dotor-a wu-liang-ha-dai ke-wen uriangqatai keen yi-na ina a-bi-ti abid zhe-e jee bu-hu buu shi-la-zhou iraju a-la-zhou alaju bu-gu-yi bugu-yi shao-lu-ha-zhou aluaju

[4.1]
ha-bi-er-ha-er qabirar

yi-na ina

oi dotor-a uriyangqatai kmn k buu alaju qabir-a inu abid inu iraju bk-yi jolaju

FoI Dodo*T ForiyeehEeedeI Kimoa CoiK BgO FelejO Hebur)T FinO Febuoa FinO SirejO BiK iI iolgejO.

13.
[13.1]
dou-ben-mie-er-gan doben-mergan

wu-gu-lie-lun ugulerun ne-ke-er neker shi-luo-ha-ta iroa ta a-la-sun arasun ke-zhu-wu kejuu yi-na ina a-bu-chou abu

[4.1]

wo-ke-su oksu ke-e-zhou keeju bu-hu-yin buu-yin a-wu-shi-ji-tu aushigitu mi-ha miqa gu-bi-chi-ni gubin-i zhi-le-dou jiltu

[4.1]

zhe-e jee dou-ben-mie-er-gan-nie doben-mergan-e wo-ke-ba okba

dobun-mergen gler-n nkr, irol-a ta kejg gs! kemej augitu jilt arasun inu abu ck buu-yin miqa kbin dobun-mergen gbe.

DoBa MerkEa FoiKle* oa NoiK* Zirol)T Da kEjoK FoihksO kEmejO FegozkudO ioildO Feresoa FinO FebcO CoiK BgO iia Mi(T Kibcia DoBa MerkEa FoihkbEt.

14.
[14.1]
dou-ben-mie-er-gan doben-mergan

tie-lie tere zhe-e jee bu-hu-yi buu-yi gu-wen ke-wen guen keen a-chi-zhou aiju a-yi-su-run aisurun

[4.1]

zha-wu-la jaura ni-kan nikan ya-dang-ji yatanggi bie-yan ke-tou-le-zhou iyen ketulju

[4.1]

ya-bu-hu-yi yabuqu-yi shao-le-ha-zhou jolaju

dobun-mergen tere ck buu-yi aiju aisurun jaura nigen yadanggi kmn kbegn-iyen getlj yabuqu-yi jolaju.

DoBa MerkEa Dera CoiK BgO iI FecijO Feiisoroa iego*T NikEa yedeehkuA Kimoa KibEKa iiea kEdoljO yeBeeO iI iolgejO.

15.
[15.1] :
dou-ben-mie-er-gan doben-mergan

ya-wen yaen gu-wen guen bi bi chi i ke-yan kean a-sa-hu-a-su asauasu ya-da-zhou yadaju ya-bu-mu yabumu

[4.1]

tie-lie tere gu-wen wu-gu-lie-lun guen ugulerun ge-lie-e-su-na gereesun-u e-nie ene ke-wen keen bie-yan iyan ma-a-li-hei-bai-ya-wu-dai maali-bayaudai na-da nada wo-ke-su oksu wo-ke ok ke-zhu-wu kejuu

[4.1]

tie-lie tere mi-ha-na-cha miqan-aa chi-ma-da imada

[4.1]

bi bi

dobun-mergen: yaun kmn i? kemen asaubasu tere kmn glern bi maali-bayautai yadaju yabumu. tere grgesn- miqan-aa nadr g, bi ene kbegn-iyen imadur gs kejg.

DoBa MerkEa yegoa Kimoa CI kEmea FesegobEsO Dera Kimoa FoiKle* oa bEA Megeli( bEyegodeI yedejO yeBmO, Dera KirokEsoa O Mi(T Fca Nedo* Foihit, bEA Fna KibEKa iiea Cimedo* FoihksO kEjoK.

16.
[16.1]
dou-ben-mie-er-gan doben-mergan

tie-lie tere wu-ke uke tu-er tur zhe-e jee tie-lie tere bu-lie-e bulee bu-hu-yin buu-yin ke-wen keen yi-na ina wo-lie-e-lie oreele a-chi-la-zhou airaju

[4.1]
hu-ya uy-a

yi-na ina dou-tuo-la dotor-a hu-hu-le-zhou quulju zha-lu-zhou jaruju wo-ke-su oksu a-hu aqu

[4.1]

ke-er ker

dobun-mergen tere ge-dr k buu-yin rgel uy-a inu quulju gs tere kbegn inu abiraju, ger dotor-a jaruju aqu blge.

DoBa MerkEa Dera FoikEt do* CoiK BgO iia FoirokE& GoIT FinO HogoljO FoihksO Dera KibEKa FinO FebcirejO kE* Dodo*T ierojO FeeeO BilokEt.

17.
[17.1]
tie-yin tein

a-ta-la atala dou-ben-mie-er-gan doben-mergan wu-gai ugai bo-le-ba bolba

tein atal-a dobun-mergen gei bolba.

Deiia Fede&T DoBa MerkEa FoikEI BlbEt.

[17.2]
dou-ben-mie-er-ge-ni doben-mergan-i

wu-gai ugai bo-lu-hei-sa-na bolusan-u bo-e-ti boed huo-yi-na qoin-a hu-er-ban urban ke-wu-ti keud tuo-lie-wen-le-bi toreelbi bu-lie-e bulee

[4.1]

a-lan alan huo-a u-a e-lie er-e wu-gai-wei ugaiei

[4.1]

bu-hu-ha-da-ji buu-qadagi bu-ha-tu-sa-le-zhi buqatu-salji bo-duan-cha-er-meng-ha-hei nie-lie-tian bodonar-mengqa neretan

dobun-mergen-i gei bolusan-u qoin-a alan uu-a er-e gegi bged urban kbegd trglbei buu-qadagi buqatu-salji bodonar-mungqa nereten blge.

DoBa MerkEa I FoikEI Bloeesea O HoiiaT Felea GoOT F*T FoikEKI BikEoa GorbEa KibEKoa DoiroKlbEI, BgO HedekuA BeeedO SeljI Bdoece* MoehEee) Neredea BilokEt.

18.
[18.1]
wu-li-da urida

dou-ben-mie-er-ge-nie-che doben-mergen-ee tuo-lie-ke-xian bie-le-gu-na-tai trgsen belgunatai a-lan alan die-wu deu e-die ede huo-a u-a wu-ye uy-e hu-er-ban urban e-chi-nie ein-e ha-ya qay-a bu-gu-na-tai bugunatai huo-ya-er qoyar

[4.1]

ke-wu-ti keud yi-na ina e-ke eke e-ke eke bi-da-na bidan-a yu-yan yuan a-ha aqa wu-gu-lie-le-dou-lun uguleldurun

[4.1]

e-nie ene gu-wen wu-gai guen ugai tuo-lie-wen-le-bi toreelbi bei-you biyu yu-yan yuan e-chi-nie ein-e

[4.1]

e-lie er-e wu-gai-wei ugaiei dou-tuo-la dotor-a hu-er-ban urban bo-e-tie-lie boetele ke-wu-ti keud gu-wen guen ke-yan kean

[4.1]

ke-er ker e-die ede ugai ha-hei-cha ma-a-li-hei-bai-ya-wu-dai aa maali-bayaudai ke-wu-ti keud e-kei eke tie-wu-na-ai teunai a-na anu a-lan alan bei-zhe bui-ja huo-a u-a

[18.2]

e-ke e-ke

[4.1]

ke-lie-le-dou-gai-yi keleldugai-yi wu-ha-zhou uqaju

urida dobun-mergen-ee trgsen belgntei bgntei qoyar kbegd inu eke-ygen alan uu-a ein-e gleldrn ene eke bidan-a aqa deg j-e qay-a kmn gei er-e gegi bgetel-e ede urban kbegd trglbei ger dotor-a aa maaliq-bayautai kmn buyu. ede urban kbegd tegn- bui-ja kemen eke-ygen ein-e kelelduki-yi eke anu alan uu-a uqaju.

Forida DoBa MerkEa Fca Doiroksea bElKnodeI BiKnodeI Hoye* kEbEKoa FinO FkEt yokEa Felea GoOT Fci%T FoiKleldo* oa Fna FkEt budeaT Fe(T DeKO FoiIT HeIT Kimoa FoikEI F*T FoikEKI BikEde&T Fda GorbEa KibEKoa DoireKlbEI kE* Dodo*T Geeeca Megeli( bEyegodeI Kimoa ByO. Fda GorbEa KibEKoa DeKa O BI iI kEmea FkEt yokEa Fci%T kEleldoKI iI FkEt FenO Felea GoOT FoeeejO.

19.
[19.1]
ha-bu-er qabur

ni-kan nikan wu-dou-er udur kuang-shi-lie-mie-le huo-ren kungsilemel qonen bu-hu-ha-da-ji buqu-qadagi zhe-er-ge-lian jergelen wo-ke-ba okba hu-hi-chi-zhou quuiju wo-wo-er-ba oorba chi-na-zhou inaju bo-duan-cha-er-meng-ha-hei bodunar mengqa mu-su-ti

[4.1]

bie-le-gu-na-tai belgunatai bugunatai bugunatai ke-wu-di-yan keud-iyan ke-e-zhou keeju ya-wu yau mu-su-ti musut ke-e-zhou keeju ta-ben taben bu-ha-tu-sa-le-zhi buqatu-salji sa-wen-le-zhou ni-zhi-e-le saelju nijiel

[4.1]

e-die ede ta-ben taben

[4.1]
hu-hu-lu-ti-hun quuludqun

[4.1]

ni-zhi-e-li nijiel-i bai-yi-wen-hun baiequn hatu qatu

[4.1]

ba-sa basa ta-ben taben chu-hei-la-zhou ulaju

[4.1]
hu-hu-lu-ti-hun quuludqun

wo-ke-ba okba gu-wu-lie-le-dun guuleldun ba-li-zhou bariju bi-tu-wen-le-zhou bituelju

[4.1]

ta-bu-wu-la tabuula chu-hei-tai mu-su-ti utai musut

[4.1]
hu-hu-lun quulun

ya-da-ba yadaba

qabur nigen edr kgsiremel qonin inaju belgntei bgntei buu-qadagi buqatu-salji bodonarmungqa ede tabun kbegd-iyen jergelen saulju nijeged msd quuludqun! kemej gba. nijeged-i yau baiulqun quuiju oroba. basa tabun msd qamtu ulaju quuludqun! kemej gba. tabuula tabun utai msd kmleldn bariju btgelj quulun yadaba.

HeB* NikEa Fdo* Kiksireme& Honia CinejO bElKnodeI BiKnodeI BgO HedekuA BeeedO SeljI Bdoece* MoehEee) Fda DeBa KibEKoa iiea ierkElea SegoljO NijekEoa Moisooa Hogolooeeeoa kEmejO FoihkbEt. NijekEoa I yegO bEiigoleeoa HogocijO ForobEt. bEsa DeBa Moisooa HemdO CoeelejO Hogolooeeeoa kEmejO FoihkbEt. DeBgola DeBa CoeedeI Moisooa Kimoleldoa bErijO BidokEljO Hogoloa yedebEt.
The Chinese interlinear notes mark (mu-su-ti/msd) as (jian-gan) lit. arrow shaft.

20.
[20.1]
tien-die tende

a-lan alan huo-a u-a e-ke eke bugunatai bugunatai hu-er-ban urban ke-wu-ti keud ta-na tan-a yi-na ina wu-gu-lie-bi ugulebei ke-wu-ti keud mi-na mina

[4.1]

ta ta bie-le-gu-na-tai belgunatai e-die ede ya-wu-na yaun-a bie-er ber huo-ya-er qoyar ke-wu-ti keud bei-you biyu shao-bu job

[4.1]

na-ma-yi namayi tuo-lie-wan-le-bi toreelbei ci-lie-le-dun sereldun ke-lie-le-dou-mei keleldumei

[4.1]

ke-na ken-a ke-yan kean

[4.1]

ci-lie-hui serekui

tende alan uu-a eke inu glebei ta belgntei, bgntei qoyar kbegd minu, namayi ede urban kbegd trglbei, ken- yaun-u kbegd buyu kemen sereldn keleldmi. sereki-ber tanu jb!

Deeda Felea GoOT FkEt FinO FoiKlebEI Da bElKnodeI BiKnodeI Hoye* KibEKoa MinO, NemeyI Fda GorbEa KibEKoa DoiroKlbEI kEa O yegoa O KibEKoa ByO kEmea Sereldoa kEleldomoI. SereKI bE* DenO ioiot.

21.
[21.1]
xue-ni-ti sunid

bu-li buri ke-e-li mina tu-er tur na-lan naran bu-lie-e bulee mi-na mina sheng-ke-gu bu-lie-e keud toreelbei qi-li-ye-er kean ye-qin yekin shi-la ira wu-gu-lie-ti uguled na-hai naqai ta ta mie-tu metu shi-cha-ban-le-zha-zhou chao-jian shi-la ira mi-na gu-wen ke-lun guen ger-un bi-li-zhou ke-ke-yan e-lu-ke eruke yi-na dou-tuo-ha-yin dotoa-yin ke-ke-e-er kekeger

[4.1]

wo-luo-zhou oroju

[4.1]

ke-e-li namayi

[4.1]
ha-lu-lun qaruqun

salayin sar-a-yin die-lie-mie delem-e

[4.1]
he-er-hu arqu

[4.1]

tiao-wu-bie-er tiauber wu-ha-ha-su uqaasu wu-ha-ha-su uqaasu wu-ha-ha-su uqaasu wu-ha-ha-su uqaasu wu-ha-ha-su uqaasu tie-die-ke tedeg tie-die-ke tedeg tie-die-ke tedeg tie-die-ke tedeg tie-die-ke tedeg yi-na ina yi-na ina yi-na ina yi-na ina yi-na ina teng-ji-li-yin tenggiri-yin tu-er tenggiri-yin tu-er tenggiri-yin tu-er tenggiri-yin tu-er tenggiri-yin

[4.1]

tiao-wu-bie-er tiauber

[4.1]
tiao-wu-bie-er tiauber tiao-wu-bie-er tiauber

[4.1] [4.1]
tiao-wu-bie-er tiauber

tende alan uu-a eke inu glebei ta belgntei, bgntei qoyar kbegd minu, namayi ede urban kbegd trglbei, ken- yaun-u kbegd buyu kemen sereldn keleldmi. sereki-ber tanu jb!

Deeda Felea GoOT FkEt FinO FoiKlebEI Da bElKnodeI BiKnodeI Hoye* KibEKoa MinO, NemeyI Fda GorbEa KibEKoa DoiroKlbEI kEa O yegoa O KibEKoa ByO kEmea Sereldoa kEleldomoI. SereKI bE* DenO ioiot.

22.
[21.1]
ba-sa basa

a-lan alan huo-a ua ta-ben taben ke-wu-ti keud tie-yan tean xue-e-er sueer wu-ge uge wu-gu-lie-lun ugulerun

(xue-e-er) would be rendered in Mongolian as syeger (SoiyekE*), but the origins of this word are unclear. The Chinese interlinear notes mark this word as (jiao-xun) a noun which in modern Chinese is used as a verb meaning to chastise. This kind of literary construction is quite common in Mongolian, for example in the liger-n dalai we have the following ai yeke qaan, qauin ge-dr, kegrjigene ibaun kbegn- snesn bui i.e. Oh great Khan, it is said in a proverb that a dove is the symbolic representation of a son. Here qauin ge is literally ancient speech or old saying, and it seems clear that the intended meaning of syeger ge here is words of chastisement or chastening words.

HorilerdeI MerkEa Foikdeksea FejogO, HorI Doimeoa oa Geje*T Feri) FosoaT, HorilerdeI MerkEa O bErgojia GoOT Fca Doiroksea
8. Deda

Biloit FirkEa bE* Ki& bErgojia DoiK^ oa Fjea bErgodeI MerkEa O Foikua bErgojia GoOT NeredeI Foikua I HorI Doimeoa oa Noyea

Foikua FejogO.
7. DoBa

MerkEa Deda FirkEa do* KirokEsO, FoineehK GoOT Seiia Felde* Ne*T YekEdeI, Felea GoOT NeredeI KimoaT bE* FoikdekEI FdoI

BikEsO DoBa MerkEa DeKO DekEa Cimedo* GoyoIT kEmejO DoBa MerkEa DeKO Yokea Foije*T FilebEt.

6. FoiKle* oa Deda NeKjO Feiisoeeoa firkEa Dodo*T NikEa HeregodeI DerkEa O FljukEt DO NikEa Foikua Seiia ByO, KoimoaT Fsa sa DoiehkEliit Goroeeea HorogO NikEa Biloit FirkEa NeKjO ForojO FeiisoeeoI HerejO FoijejO.

Reconstructed Mongolian Text

5. NikEa 4. Dowa

Foido* Dowa Soeeo* DoBa MerkEa DeKO LokEt bEa Breeea Heldoa DekE*T GerbEt. Dowa Soeeo* Breeea Heldoa DekEreca HerejO Soeeo* MeehleI Domda Gegca NidodO GorbEa NeKrioa Geje*T HereeeO BilokEt.

DorogoljiaO KibEKa Dowa Soeeo* DoBa MerkEa Hoje* BilokEt. Broeecia GoOT kErkEidO BroldeI SoyelbI JelegodO Deii* BrO Hoye* Kilooa FeeedesdO BilokEt.
3.

HercO iia KibEKa BrjigideI MerkEa, Moehgoljia GoOT kErkEidO FejogO. BrjigideI MerkEa O KibEKa Dorogoljia bEyea

SelI HecegO iia KibEKa Yekt Nidoa, Yekt Nidoa O KibEKa Se^ SocI, Se^ SocI iia KibEKa HercO.
2.

Demeca iia KibEKa Horice* MerkEa, Horice* MerkEa O KibEKa Fegoje^ Brogo&, Fegoje^ Brogo& oa KibEKa SelI HecegO,

bEdecieeegea O KibEKa Demeca, Demeca iia KibEKa Horice* MerkEa, Horice* MerkEa O KibEKa Fegoje^ Brogo&, Fegoje^

Deehki_ kEdoljO firebEt, fonoa MoireaO DeriKaT, Breeea HeldoaO NodoglejO, Doiroksea bEdecieeegea fejogO.
1.

Ciehki_ Hegea O Fijego*. DehE*T DehrI fca JeyegedO, Doiroksea Birda CinOT fejogO, kErkEI finO Howa Mere& fejigeI,

16. DoBa

MerkEa Dera FoikEt do* CoiK BgO iia FoirokE& GoIT FinO HogoljO FoihksO Dera KibEKa FinO FebcirejO kE* Dodo*T ierojO

Fca Nedo* Foihit, bEA Fna KibEKa iiea Cimedo* FoihksO kEjoK.
15. DoBa 14. DoBa

MerkEa yegoa Kimoa CI kEmea FesegobEsO Dera Kimoa FoiKle* oa bEA Megeli( bEyegodeI yedejO yeBmO, Dera KirokEsoa O Mi(T

MerkEa Dera CoiK BgO iI FecijO Feiisoroa iego*T NikEa yedeehkuA Kimoa KibEKa iiea kEdoljO yeBeeO iI iolgejO.

Kibcia DoBa MerkEa FoihkbEt.

13. DoBa

MerkEa FoiKle* oa NoiK* Zirol)T Da kEjoK FoihksO kEmejO FegozkudO ioildO Feresoa FinO FebcO CoiK BgO iia Mi(T

FelejO Hebur)T FinO Febuoa FinO SirejO BiK iI iolgejO.

12. DeKa

O HoiiaT NikEa Fdo* DoBa MerkEa Dogoce( Foiedo* DekE*T KirokEle*T GerbEt. FoI Dodo*T ForiyeehEeedeI Kimoa CoiK BgO

kEjO NoiKbEt, DoirbEa foBeedea BljO DoirbEa firkEa Deda BlbEt.

11. Dowa 10. Felea

Dowa Soeeo* FoikEI Bloeesea O HoiiaT DoirbEa KibEKoa FinO DoBa MerkEa FebE)T yogea Foro)T FolO Blgea Doromjilea HegecejO Soeeo* Fe(T FinO DoirbEa KibEKdO BilokEt. DedoI Fede&T Dowa Soeeo* Fe(T FinO FoikEI BlbEt. HoOT DoBa MerkEa Do* FirejO Hoye* KibEKa DoiroKlbEt BiKnodeI bElKnodeI Neredea BilokEt.

DoBa MerkEa O FeBeesea Yesoa DeiimO .

NoiKjO Feiisoa FejogO. HorI Doimeoa oa HorilerdeI MerkEa oa Foikia Feri) FosoaT Doiroksea Felea GoOT iI Deeda GoyojO,
9. HorilerdeI

BljO Breeea Heldoa O KirokEsoa KirokEle& SeiidO Geje* Seiia kEmea Breeea Heldoa O Fjeoa Breeea Bseeeeesea SicI bEjea ForiyeeheeeI do* Felea GoOT NeredeI Foikua Dera.

MerkEa HorI Doimeoa oa Geje* do* Jiea Blegea kEremoa KirokEdeI Geje* Jiea HorileldujO MergoleldojO Horile* FoBgdO

21.

yegoa O KibEKoa ByO kEmea Sereldoa kEleldomoI. SereKI bE* DenO ioiot.
20. Deeda

Felea GoOT FkEt FinO FoiKlebEI Da bElKnodeI BiKnodeI Hoye* KibEKoa MinO, NemeyI Fda GorbEa KibEKoa DoiroKlbEI kEa O

HemdO CoeelejO Hogolooeeeoa kEmejO FoihkbEt. DeBgola DeBa CoeedeI Moisooa Kimoleldoa bErijO BidokEljO Hogoloa yedebEt.
19. HeB*

ierkElea SegoljO NijekEoa Moisooa Hogolooeeeoa kEmejO FoihkbEt. NijekEoa I yegO bEiigoleeoa HogocijO ForobEt. bEsa DeBa Moisooa

NikEa Fdo* Kiksireme& Honia CinejO bElKnodeI BiKnodeI BgO HedekuA BeeedO SeljI Bdoece* MoehEee) Fda DeBa KibEKoa iiea

bEyegodeI Kimoa ByO. Fda GorbEa KibEKoa DeKa O BI iI kEmea FkEt yokEa Fci%T kEleldoKI iI FkEt FenO Felea GoOT FoeeejO.
18. Forida

budeaT Fe(T DeKO FoiIT HeIT Kimoa FoikEI F*T FoikEKI BikEde&T Fda GorbEa KibEKoa DoireKlbEI kE* Dodo*T Geeeca Megeli( DoiroKlbEI, BgO HedekuA BeeedO SeljI Bdoece* MoehEee) Neredea BilokEt.
17. Deiia

DoBa MerkEa Fca Doiroksea bElKnodeI BiKnodeI Hoye* kEbEKoa FinO FkEt yokEa Felea GoOT Fci%T FoiKleldo* oa Fna FkEt

Fede&T DoBa MerkEa FoikEI BlbEt. DoBa MerkEa I FoikEI Bloeesea O HoiiaT Felea GoOT F*T FoikEKI BikEoa GorbEa KibEKoa

FeeeO BilokEt.

Transliteration
1. ingis qaan-u ijaur. deger-e tngri-ee jayaatu trgsen brte-inu-a ajuu, gergei inu quva maral ajiai, tenggis getlj irebe. onan mren- terign-e, burqan-qaldun-u nutulaju, trgsen bataiqan ajuu. 2. bataiqan-u kbegn tamaa, tamaa-yin kbegn qoriar mergen, qoriar mergen-u kbegn aujam boroul, aujam boroul-un kbegn sali qaau, sali qaau-yin kbegn yeke nidn, yeke nidn-u kbegn sem soi, sem soi-yin kbegn qaru. 3. qaru-yin kbegn borjiidai-mergen, mongoljin-uu-a gergeitu ajuu. borjiidai-mergen-u kbegn torouljin-bayan, boroin-uu-a gergeitu, boroldai suyalbi jalautu, dair boro qoyar klt atas blge. torouljin-u kbegn duwa-suqur doben-mergen qoyar blge. 4. duwa suqur manglai dumda aa nidt urban negrid ajar-a qaraqu blge. 5. nigen edr duwa-suqur dobun-mergen deg-lge-ben burqan-qaldun deger-e arba. duwa-suqur burqan-qaldun degeree qaraju tnggelik oroqan quruu nigen blg irgen negj oruju aisuqui qaraju jej. 6. gler-n: "tede negj ayisuqun irgen-u dotor-a nigen qara'utai tergen-u eljige-t nigen okin sain buyu, kmn-e ese gdegsen bges dobun-mergen deg-degen cimadur ujuja" kemej dobunmergen deg-ygen ujere ilebe. 7. dobun-mergen tede irgen-dr grges, nengk uu-a sain aldar nere yeketai, alan u-a neretai, kmn-e ber gdegei edui kin ajuu. 8. tede tede blg irgen ber kol-barujin tkm-n ejen barudai-mergen- kin barujin-uu-a neretei kin-i qori-tmed-n noyan qorilartai-mergen gdegsen azuu, qori-tmed-n ajar-a ari usun-a, qorilartai-mergen- barujin-uu-a-aa tregsen alan uu-a neretei kin tere. 9. quorilartai-mergen qori-tmed-n ajar-dur-iyan bulaan keremn grgetei ajar-iyan qorilalduju marulalduju qorilar obutu bolju burqan-qaldun-u grgesn grgelel saitu ajar sain kemen burqan-qaldun-u ejed burqan-bosqasan sici bayan uriyangqai-dur ngj aisun ajuu. qoritmed-n qorilartai-mergen-n kin ari-usun-a trgsen alan-uu-a-yi tende uyuju, dobunmergen- abusan yasun teim. 10. alan uu-a dobun-mergen-dur irej qoyar kbegn trglbe bgntei belgntei nereten blge. 11. duwa suqur aqa inu drben kbegt blge. tedi atala duwa-suqur aq-a inu gei bolba. duwasuqur gei bolusan-u qoin-a drben kbegd inu dobun-mergen aba-a-yuan urua ulu bolan doromjilaju qaacaju kej ngbe. drben obotan bolju drben irgen tede bolba. 12. tegn- qoin-a nigen edr dobun mergen tooa-ndr deger-e grgeler-e arba. oi dotor-a uriyangqatai kmn k buu alaju qabir-a inu abid inu iraju bk-yi jolaju. 13. dobun-mergen gler-n nkr, irol-a ta kejg gs! kemej augitu jilt arasun inu abu ck buu-yin miqa kbin dobun-mergen gbe. 14. dobun-mergen tere ck buu-yi aiju aisurun jaura nigen yadanggi kmn kbegn-iyen getlj yabuqu-yi jolaju. 15. dobun-mergen: yaun kmn i? kemen asaubasu tere kmn glern bi maali-bayautai yadaju yabumu. tere grgesn- miqan-aa nadr g, bi ene kbegn-iyen imadur gs kejg. 16. dobun-mergen tere ge-dr k buu-yin rgel uy-a inu quulju gs tere kbegn inu abiraju, ger dotor-a jaruju aqu blge. 17. tein atal-a dobun-mergen gei bolba. dobun-mergen-i gei bolusan-u qoin-a alan uu-a er-e gegi bged urban kbegd trglbei buu-qadagi buqatu-salji bodonar-mungqa nereten blge. 18. urida dobun-mergen-ee trgsen belgntei bgntei qoyar kbegd inu eke-ygen alan uua ein-e gleldrn ene eke bidan-a aqa deg j-e qay-a kmn gei er-e gegi bgetel-e ede urban kbegd trglbei ger dotor-a aa maaliq-bayautai kmn buyu. ede urban kbegd tegn- bui-ja kemen eke-ygen ein-e kelelduki-yi eke anu alan uu-a uqaju.

19. qabur nigen edr kgsiremel qonin inaju belgntei bgntei buu-qadagi buqatu-salji bodonar-mungqa ede tabun kbegd-iyen jergelen saulju nijeged msd quuludqun! kemej gba. nijeged-i yau baiulqun quuiju oroba. basa tabun msd qamtu ulaju quuludqun! kemej gba. tabuula tabun utai msd kmleldn bariju btgelj quulun yadaba. 20. tende alan uu-a eke inu glebei ta belgntei, bgntei qoyar kbegd minu, namayi ede urban kbegd trglbei, ken- yaun-u kbegd buyu kemen sereldn keleldmi. sereki-ber tanu jb! 21.

Table of Special Characters

er a/qa an/qan u/qu/o/qo/ u/qu ri riang ra/re/r-a/r-e re ra ran ran ran/ren ru/ro ro ru run rn qan/an qai qun lu i

l k/g t/d b

Table of characters used for verb endings Character Chinese phonetic value
(entries marked with sh and zh indicate characters with phonetic modifiers; entries marked with a plus sign indicate raised characters)

Tense and Mongolian phonetic value

ba chou

simple past tense (-ba/-be) converbum imperfecti (-u/-)

ke+-xian ti+-hunzh hei+-san huzh hun liesh lunsh zhou-wu zhou su ya

nomen perfecti (-gsen) (front vowels) imperative of 2nd person plural (-dqun) (back vowels) nomen perfecti (-san) (back vowels) nomen futuri (-qu/-k) plural nomen futuri (-qun/-kn) converbum finale (-r-a/-r-e) converbum praeparativum (-r-un/-r-n) past tense (-juu/-jg) converbum imperfecti (-ju/-j) voluntative imperative (-su/-s) voluntative of 1st person plural (-y-a/-y-e)

Dictionary (Chinese/Mongolian/English)
a a-bi-ti abid a-chi-la-zhou abiraju a-hei-ta ata a-wu-zhan-bo-luo-wen-le aujam boroul a-zhi-ai ajiai a-zhu-wu ajuu a-la-zhou alaju a-lan huo-a alan uu-a a-le-da-er nie-lie aldar ner-e b ba-sa basa ba-ta-chi-han bataiqan bie-le-gu-na-tai belgntei bo-duan-cha-er-meng-ha-hei bodonar mungqa bo-er-zhi-ji-dai-mie-er-gan borjiidai mergen

Febuoa FebcirejO Feeeda Fegoje^ Brogo& fejigeI FejogO FelejO Felea GoOT Felde* Ne*T bEsa bEdecieeea bElKnodeI Bdoece* MoehEee) BrjigideI MerkEa BroldeI SoyelbI BgO

n. intestines

12

(abira- +converbum imperfecti) bringing, taking (contraction of abu ire-) n. horse

16

n.p. Agujam Borogul

v. was, were, etc.

v. was, were, etc.

1, 7, 8, 9

(ala- + converbum imperfecti) killing n.p. Alan Goa

12

n. reputation

adv. again

19

n.p. Batachiqan

1, 2

n.p. Belgunutei

10

Bodoncar Mungqag

17, 19

n.p. Borjigidai Mergen

bo-luo-le-dai-su-ya-le-bi boroldai suyalbi bu-hu buu

n.p. Boroldai Suyalbi

n. a male deer

12

bu-hu-ha-da-ji buu qadagi bu-ha-tu-sa-le-zhi buqatu salji bu-yu buyu bu-er-han-qa-le-dun burqan qaldun bo-e-su bges bo-er-tie chi-na brte inu-a bu-gu-na-tai bgntei bo-luo-ke blg bu-lie-e blge bi-tu-wen-le-zhou btgelj chi-ma-da imadur chi-na-zhou inaju chen-ji-su ha-han inggis qaan zhe-e k chu-hei-la-zhou ulaju chu-hei-tai utai d da-yi-er dair die-e-lie deger-e

BgO HedekuA BeeedO SeljI ByO Breeea Heldoa BikEsO Birda CinOT BiKnodeI Biloit BilokEt BidokEljO Cimedo* CinejO Ciehku_ Hegea CoiK CoeelejO CoeedeI Deii*

n.p. Bugu Qadagi

17

n.p. Buqatu Salji

17

v. is, has, are

n.p. Burqan Qaldun

v. if it be

n.p. Brte Chinu

n.p. Bugunutei

10

n. group, division, detatchment

v. was, were, had, etc.

(btgel- + converbum imperfecti) accomplishing (dat-loc. of i)

19

(ina- + converbum imperfecti) boiling n.p. Chinggis Khan

19

n. a three-year-old deer

12

(ula- + converbum imperfecti) gathering, wrapping adj. gathered together

19

19

n.p. Dair

adj. high postpos. on, above

die-wu deg dou-ben-mie-er-gan dobun mergen dou-tuo-la dotor-a dunda dumda dou-er dur dou-wa-suo-huo-er duwa suqur e e-che e e e-chi-nie ein-e wu-dou-wei edi wu-dou-er edr wu-dou-ri edr-i e-ke eke e-lie er-e e-xue ese ha-hei-cha aa ha-zha-la ajar-a ha-er-ba arba

DekE*T DeKO DoBa MerkEa Dodo*T Domda do* Dowa Soeeo* Fca Fci%T FdoI Fdo* Fdo* I FkEt F*T Fsa

n. younger brother

n.p. Dobun Mergen

post. below, within, under

n. adj. middle, centre

dative-locative case marker

7, 12

n.p. Duwa Suqur

ablative case marker - from

adv. secretly, privately

18

postpos. not yet

n. day

12

(edr+accusative)

n. mother

18

n. husband, man

17

negative particle

Geeeca

adj. adv. single, lone, only, solely, (n + dat.loc.) to a place, in the land, in a place etc. v. they went, he went, he came out, they came out, etc.

4, 8 5, 12

GerbEt

huo-luo-han oroqan hu-er-ban urban huo-a uu-a hu-ya uy-a g ke-er ger ge-er-gai gergei ge-ruo-e-lie-lie grgeler-e i hu-zha-wu-er ijaur yi-er-ken irgen j zha-la-wu jalau zha-lu-zhou jaruju zha-ya-a-tu jayaatu zhe-er-ge-lian jergelen shao-lu-ha-zhou jolaju k ke-e-zhou kemej ke-wu-ti kbegd ke-wen kbegn

n. small river, stream, creek

Goroeeea GorbEa GoOT GoIT kE* kErkEI KirokEle*T Fijego* FirkEa ielegO ieyegedO ierkElea iolgejO kEmejO KibEKoa KibEKa

num. three

adj. beautiful

n. thigh, rump, shank, leg

16

n. ger, home, family, etc.

16

n. wife

1, 3

(grgele- + converbum finale) in order to hunt

12

n. origin, ancestors

n. people

5, 6, 7, 8, 11

n. youth, servant

(jaru- + converbum imperfecti) employing as a slave/servant vn. ordained, decreed

16 1

(jergele- + converbum modale) standing in a line, in a row (jola- + converbum imperfecti) meeting

19

12

(keme- + converbum imperfecti) saying plural of kbegn

19

17

n. son, boy, child

kuang-shi-lie-mie-le huo-ren kgsiremel qonin hu-lu-wu-ti klt gu-wen kmn l lu-e lge m mang-lai manglai mang-huo-le-zhen-huo-a mongoljin-uu-a mu-lian mren mu-su-ti msd n na u/ ne-wu-zhou negj ne-wu-li-ti negrid nie-lie-tai neretei nie-lie-tian nereten ni-dou-tu nidt ni-kan nigen ni-zhi-e-le nijeged nen-tu-ha-la-zhou nutulaju

Kiksireme& Honia Kilooa Kimoa LokEt MeehleI Moehgoljia GoOT Moirea Moisooa O NeKjO NeKrioa NeredeI Neredea NidodO NikEa NijekEoa NodoglejO

n. mutton

19

n. a strong and swift horse

n. man, person

6, 7, 12

comitative case with, accompanying, in the company of n. forehead

5, 7

n.p. Mongoljin Goa

n. river

n. arrow shafts

19

genitive case marker of, s

v. nomadising

n(plu). nomadic camps, distance between camps postpos. called, named 4

plural of neretei

17

adj. possessing eyes

num. one indefinite article. a, a certain d.n. one by one

5, 6, 12

19

v. settling

o/
huai oi wo-nan onan wo-wo-er-ba oroba wo-qin kin wo-lie-e-lie rgel q ha-bi-er-ha-er qabir-a ha-bu-er qabur ha-tu qamtu ha-la-qu qaraqu ha-er-chu qaru huo-yi-na qoin-a huo-li-cha-er-mie-er-gan qoriar mergen huo-li-la-er-tai-mie-er-gan qorilartai mergen
n. ribs 12

FoI Fonoa ForobEt Foikua FoirokE&

n. forest, woods

12

n.p. the Onon river

(oro- + past tense) to yield n. girl, daughter, maiden

19

6, 7, 8, 9

n. half of a carcass

16

huo-ya-er qoyar hu-hu-chi-zhou quuiju hu-hu-le-zhou quulju hu-hu-lu-ti-hun quuludqun

Hebur)T HeB* HemdO HereeeO HercO HoiiaT Horice* MerkEa HorilerdeI MerkEa Hoye* HogocijO HogoljO Hogolooeeeoa

n. spring

19

postpos. together

19

v. to see

n.p. Qarchu

postpos. after, later

12

n.p. Qorichar Mergen

n.p. Qorilartai Mergen

num. two

(quui- + converbum imperfecti) breaking into pieces (quul- + converbum imperfecti) breaking in two (quul- + imperative of 2nd person plural) you break in two! you snap!

19

16

19

hu-lu-wu quruu s sa-wen-le-zhou saulju sa-yin sain sa-li-ha-cha-wu sali qaau xun-suo-chi sem soi ci-lie-hui sereki ci-lie-le-dun sereldn xue-e-er syeger xue-ni-ti snid

n. finger, tributary

HorogO SegoljO Seiia SelI HecegO Se^ SocI SereKI Sereldoa SoiyekE* Soinioa SirejO DeBa Demeca DenO ioiot Deda Deiia Deehki_
(saul- + converbum imperfecti) seating adj. good, fine, pretty 19

n.p. Sali Qachagu

n.p. Sem Sochi

(sere- + nomen futuri) mistrust, suspicion (sereld- + converbum modale) mistrusting one another n. chastisement

20

20

22

n. nights

21

shi-la-zhou iraju

(ira- + converbum imperfecti) roasting

12

t
ta-bu-wu-la tabuula ta-ben tabun ta-ma-cha tamaa ta-na shao-bu tanu jb tie-die tede tie-yin tein teng-ji-si tenggis tie-li-wu-nie
dist.num. all five, five together num. five 19 19

n.p. Tamacha

you are correct, you are right

20

pron. these (pl. of tere)

adv. so this way, thus, such

17

n. large lake, sea

(n+dat.loc) at the head, at the source

terign-e teng-ge-li tngri tuo-huo-cha-hei-wen-dou-er tooa ndr tuo-luo-huo-le-zhen-bai-yan torouljin-bayan tuo-lie-ke-xian trgsen tong-ke-li-ke tnggelik

DeriKaT DehrI Dorogoljia bEyea Doiroksea Doiroksea O FoeeejO Forida FoikEt FoikEKI FoiKle* oa FoijejO FoineehK FoiIT HeIT yedebEt yegO

n. heaven

n.p. Toqochaq peak n.p. Toroguljin Bayan

12

vn. to have been born

n.p. the Tunggelik river

u/
na u/ wu-ha-zhou uqaju wu-li-da urida wu-ke ge wu-gai-wei gegi wu-gu-lie-le-dou-lun gleldr-n wu-gu-lie-lun gler-n wu-zhe-zhou jej wu-nian-gu nengk wu-ye ha-ya y-e qay-a
genitive case marker 1

(uqa- + converbum imperfecti) understanding, perceiving, knowing adv. formerly, before adj. previous n. word, saying, speech

18

18

16

adv. without

17

reciprocative form of glern v. saying, thus saying

18

je- + converbum imperfecti

adv. truly

now, at present

18

y
ya-da-ba yadaba ya-wu yau ye-ke-ni-dun yeke nidn
(yada- + past tense) were not able (to) pron. what, which 19

19

p.n. Yeke Nidun

ye-ke-tai yeketei yin yin yu-yan ygen

YekEt Nidoa yekEdeI iia yokEa

adj. endowed greatly with something genitive case marker 2

reflexive genitive

18