TRNG I HC CNG NGH THNG TIN Khoa Mng Truyn thng

PHN TCH THIT K H THNG

Nm 2013

 S tit mn hc : 45 tit L thuyt - Bi tp Thang im:

Bi tp s lm bi mt nhm t 3 4 ngi v s c cc bui bo co kt qu theo tng giai on: 10% Thi gia k: 20% Thi cui k: 70%

Ti liu tham kho

Phn tch, thit k v ci t HTTT qun l - bn dch, Chris Smart, Robin Sims, Revell Norman, 1991 Principles of Object Oriented Analyisis and Design. James Martin, 1993 Modern Systems Analysis & Design. Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valicich, 1999 Object oriented Systems Development using the unified modeling language. Ali Bahrami, 1999 Phn tch, thit k v ci t HTTT qun l, TS Hn Vit Thun, 2000 Systems Analysis and Design, Kendall & Kendall, 2002 Gio trnh Phn tch thit k HTTT-HKHTN, ThS. Phm Nguyn Cng, 2003 Phn tch thit k HTTT, GSTS Nguyn Vn Ba, 2003 Gio trnh Phn tch thit k HTTT- HCNTT, ThS. Hunh Ngc Tn, 2005

Ni dung
Chng 1 - Tng quan v H thng Chng 2 Xc nh v phn tch yu cu Chng 3 Phn tch thit k thnh phn d liu Chng 4 - Phn tch thit k thnh phn x l Chng 5 Thit k thnh phn giao din Chng 6 Xy dng v trin khai H thng

Chng 1

TNG QUAN V H THNG

Chng 1 - Tng quan v h thng

H thng H thng t chc H thng qun l Thng tin H thng thng tin Phn tch thit k h thng Vai tr - Yu cu i vi mt phn tch vin Tip cn xy dng h thng M hnh v cc phng php m hnh ha
6

H thng
H thng l tp hp cc yu t, thnh phn, n v cng loi hoc cng chc nng c quan h hoc lin h cht ch vi nhau lm thnh mt th thng nht, nhm t n nhng mc ch xc nh. H thng cn l tp hp nhng t tng nhng nguyn tc, quy tc lin kt vi nhau mt cch logic lm thnh mt th thng nht. V d: H thng t tng, h thng cc quy tc ng php, h thng ng st, h thng tn hiu giao thng, Trong mt h thng, mi thnh phn c th c nhng chc nng ring nhng khi kt hp li chng c nhng chc nng c bit.
7

Cu to ca H thng
Mi trng (environment) Gii hn (boundary) Thnh phn (component) Lin h gia cc thnh phn Mc ch (purpose) Giao din (interface) u vo (input) u ra (output) Rng buc (constraints)

u vo

Thnh phn Gii hn

Giao din

Lin h gia cc thnh phn

u ra

H thng (v d)
Xem i l bng a ABC nh mt h thng
Mi trng: khch hng, nh cung cp, ngn hng,

u vo: Bng a, tin mt, lao ng, ti sn, .

Kho Phng kinh doanh Vn phng

u ra: Bng a, tin mt, bng gi, ha n,

Gii hn
9

H thng (v d)
Xem my chi nhc CD nh mt h thng
Thnh phn c tn hiu Thnh phn khuch i tn hiu

CD

Xc lp iu khin

Thnh phn iu khin tn hiu

Thnh phn chuyn i tn hiu

m nhc

H thng chi nhc CD

10

H thng t chc
L h thng nm trong bi cnh mi trng kinh t, x hi, bao gm cc thnh phn c t chc kt hp vi nhau hot ng nhm t n mt mc tiu kinh t, x hi. Trong trng hp ny c gi l h thng t chc kinh t - x hi. Mc tiu
Mc tiu li nhun
t ra trong cc hot ng kinh doanh. V d: bn hng, sn xut,

Mc tiu phi li nhun

t ra trong cc hot ng x hi. V d: hot ng t thin, y t,

c im chung: do con ngi to ra v c s tham gia ca con ngi.

11

H thng t chc
Cc loi h thng t chc: 3 loi
Hnh chnh s nghip
Mc tiu: phi li nhun, phc v cho iu hnh nh nc v nhn dn. V d: y ban nhn dn, hi ng nhn dn, mt trn,

X hi
Mc tiu: phi li nhun, cc dch v ca t chc nhm tr gip v tinh thn, vt cht cho con ngi V d: t thin (UNICEP), y t, gio dc,

Kinh t
Mc tiu: li nhun, hiu qu kinh t. To ra gi tr hng ha, dch v phc v cho i sng con ngi. V d: sn xut sn phm, bn hng, xut nhp khu, ngn hng, vn chuyn, in thoi,

12

Cc b phn ca h thng t chc

thu thp thng tin, Mi d liu; lutrung tr v x l thng tin, truyn tin xc nh mc tiu hot ng, a ra quyt nh quan trng, tc ng n s tn ti v pht trin ca t chc.

B phn ra Q B phn qun l

Thng tin vo

Thng tin ra

thc hin vt l hot ng ca t chc (trc tip sn xut, thc hin dch v,..) da trn mc tiu v phng hng c ra bi b phn ra quyt nh

B phn tc v

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Mi trng h thng t chc

L nhng thnh phn bn ngoi t chc tc ng ln t chc nhm cung cp u vo cng nh nhn cc u ra ca t chc nh l hng ha, nguyn vt liu, thng tin,
Mi trng kinh t: khch hng, nh cung ng, ngn hng, Mi trng x hi: nh nc, cng on,
Mi trng hng ho Mi trng Bin i Thng lng ni b hng ho dch v tin Thng lng ra

Thng lng vo

dch v tin

14

 V d: i l bng a ABC
Mi trng: khch hng, nh cung cp, ngn hng,

u vo: Bng a, tin mt, nhn cng, ti sn, .

Kho Phng kinh doanh Vn phng

u ra: Bng a, tin mt, bng gi, ha n,

Gii hn
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H thng qun l
L b phn m nhn hot ng qun l ca t chc bao gm con ngi, cng c, gii php kim tra nhm a hot ng ca t chc i ng mc tiu. B phn ny thng l cc Trng, Ph Phng, Ban cc t chc.
(1): n t hng ca khch hng gi n b phn bn hng phng kinh doanh (2): n t hng c kim tra hp l gi cho vn phng theo di v kho chun b giao hng (3): Thng tin tn kho v s lng cn t p ng n hng (4): n t hng c lp v gi cho nh cung cp (5): Bng a giao t nh cung cp vo kho (6): Phiu nhp hng gi cho vn phng theo di (7): Thng bo cho phng kinh doanh tnh trng tn kho hin hnh. (8): Bng a giao cho khch hng
Khch hng (8) (1) Phng kinh doanh (2) Vn phng (4) Gii hn

(2) (7) Kho

(3)

(6)

(5)

Nh cung cp

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Thng tin
Thng tin l mt hay tp hp nhng phn t thng gi l cc tn hiu, phn nh ngha cho mt i tng, hin tng hay mt qu trnh no ca s vt thng qua qu trnh nhn thc. Tn hiu c biu hin di nhiu dng khc nhau: ngn ng (ting ni, vn bn ch vit, ng tc), hnh nh, m thanh, mi v... c nhn bit thng qua cc gic quan v qu trnh nhn thc.

Ch th phn nh

i tng tip nhn

17

Tnh cht thng tin

Gi thnh (cost) v gi tr (value)
Gi thnh (cost): Chi ph tr cho vic thu thp, lu tr, bin i v truyn tin. Gi tr (value): ph thuc vo Bn cht thng tin. Tnh trung thc. Thi im. Mc him hoi. Gi thnh. S biu din thng tin. Ch th s dng thng tin.

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D liu & Thng tin

D liu

X l d liu

Thng tin

D liu mn hc D liu thi D liu SV

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Tng hp d liu

Bng im tng hp

Ni dung thng tin

Thng tin t nhin
Thng tin vit (vn bn), thng tin hnh nh (tranh nh, s , biu ,), thng tin ming (li ni), thng tin m thanh, thng tin xc gic,

Thng tin cu trc c chn lc t cc thng tin t nhin, c ng v c cu

trc ha di dng cc c trng c th u im
Truyn t nhanh hn, chnh xc v tin cy cao, chim t khng gian C th tnh ton, x l theo thut gii

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H thng thng tin

L h thng c t chc thng nht t trn xung di, c chc nng x l, phn tch, tng hp thng tin, gip cc nh qun l qun l tt c s ca mnh, tr gip ra quyt nh hot ng kinh doanh. L mt h thng qun l c phn thnh nhiu cp t trn xung di v chuyn t di ln trn.
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Hot ng ca h thng thng tin

i tng truy cp thng tin

Truyn t thng tin Cc yu cu thng tin

Thng tin

t chc, x l d liu , tham kho d liu

Xc nh d liu cn thit

Thu thp, iu chnh d liu

Kho d liu

Ngun d liu bn ngoi

hot ng Thnh phn 22

Phn loi
H thng tc v (TPS- Transaction Processing Systems) HTTT qun l (MIS Management Information Systems) H thng h tr ra quyt nh (DSS Dicision Support Systems)
H chuyn gia (ES - Expert Systems) H ch o (EIS Executive Information System)

HTTT-HTQ, HCG, HC

HTTT-Qun l

HTTT-Tc v

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Cc h thng thng tin

24

Phn loi (tt)

HTTT qun l (MIS) -c im: bo biu bo co c tng kt t HTTT tc v -Mc ch: p ng cho vic theo di, qun l, nh gi v tnh hnh v hot ng ca h thng hin hnh. -i tng: trng, ph phng v lnh o ca H thng tc v (TPS): cc chi nhnh - c im: - Ghi nhn, tm kim, phn loi thng tin, sp xp v t chc lu tr thng tin - Chim mt t l ln trong ton b HTTT - Mc ch: tng tc x l -i tng: nhn vin b phn thc thi cc tc nghip ca h thng

HTTT-HTQ, HCG, HC

HTTT-Qun l

HTTT-Tc v

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Cc h thng thng tin

HTTT ch o (EIS) - c im: cc nh lnh o cp cao nh ban gim c c th bt u vic khai thc d liu mc tng hp cao ri i xung cc vng d liu chi titra c th theo di hot ng ca H h tr quyt nh (DSS) tng chi nhnh ca ton b cng ty -c im : (ES) s dng d v liu qu kh H chuyn gia yu cuhung thay nh gi tng v cc tnh -c im : theo th hocng tnh hung -Hat thng chn qua la hp trong thai tng tnglai tc -Mc tiu : Tr cc nh qun -t ra cu higip ngi dng tr l li, c c vo s quyt hotES ng da kt qunh tr li, s cung - cp icc tng : cc nh l cp ngh da voqun cc lut cao, nh tchqun kinh l doanh, nh -i tng : phn cc nh cp cao, phn tch kinh doanh

HTTT-HTQ, HCG, HC

HTTT-Qun l

HTTT-Tc v

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Cc h thng thng tin

Loi h thng c im Dung lng lu tr ln, tp trung trn qun l d liu Mc tiu: hiu qu lun chuyn, x l d liu, giao tip vi cc TPS khc Tng hp d liu t nhiu ngun khc nhau D bo d liu tng lai t cc d liu qu kh v tri thc nghip v nh hng xc nh vn , tm kim v nh gi cc gii php, la chn v so snh cc gii php Lin quan n cc nhm hoc cc nh quyt nh Thng lin quan n cc vn phc tp v nhu cu truy cp d liu nhiu mc chi tit khc nhau Phng php pht trin Tip cn hng x l Thu thp, kim tra tnh hp l, lu tr d liu, lun chuyn gia cc bc x l. Tip cn hng d liu Hiu mi quan h gia cc thnh phn d liu => truy cp, tng hp d liu theo nhiu cch khc nhau Xy dng mt m hnh d liu phc v nhiu mc ch s dng khc nhau. Tip cn hng d liu v quyt nh lun l Thit k i thoi ngi dng Giao tip nhm Truy cp n d liu khng th d on trc i hi s pht trin theo vng lp v c cp nht lin tc
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TPS

MIS

DSS

Cc h thng thng tin (v d)

H tr nh gi kt qu hc tp ca sinh vin
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1s t Q t r 2 nd Q t r 3 rd Q t r 4th Qtr East We s t N o rt h

DSS

MIS

Bng im tng hp

Thng k kt qu hc tp

Bo co tnh hnh hc tp

TPS

Phiu ng k HP

im thi

Bng im
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Nhim v - vai tr ca HTTT

Chc nng chnh ca HTTT l x l thng tin. Qu trnh x l thng tin ging nh mt hp en gm b x l, thng tin u vo (input), thng tin u ra (output) v thng tin phn hi ca h thng.
Input Output

Hp en (Black box)
Phn hi (feed back)
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Nhim v ca HTTT
i ngoi:
o Thu nhn thng tin t mi trng ngoi o a thng tin ra ngoi. o Th d nh thng tin v gi c, th trng,. sc lao ng, nhu cu hng ha, v.v

i ni:
o L cu ni lin lc gia cc b phn ca mt h kinh doanh o H tr cho nhng h tc nghip, ra quyt nh cc thng tin gm hai loi nhm:
- Phn nh tnh trng ni b ca doanh nghip, t chc trong h thng - Tnh trng hot ng kinh doanh ca h thng.

30

Vai tr ca HTTT

Trung gian gia mi trng v h thng t chc.

H tr ra quyt nh v x l tc nghip.

31

Biu din HTTT

Khng gian biu din mt HTTT l mt khng gian ba chiu
Cc mc nhn thc

Quan nim T chc Vt l Cc thnh phn D liu X l Cc bc pht trin - K hoch -Nghin cu kh thi -.
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CPU

Con ngi

truyn thng

Khng gian 3 mc nhn thc

Mc quan nim:
Biu din HTTT gc tru tng ha, biu din yu cu h thng c lp vi tin hc, k thut v phng tin vt l, ngn ng th hin l ngn ng phi tin hc Cu hi chnh l ci g?

Mc t chc (logic):
Xc nh s phn b d liu v x l trn cc b x l v s truyn thng gia cc b phn x l Cu hi chnh l Ai? u? Bao gi?

Mc vt l:
Biu din HTTT trong mt mi trng c th Gn lin vi thit b phn cng, phn mm, , k thut v phng tin vt l. Gn lin vi kin trc tin hc + Kin trc client-server. + Kin trc phn tn. + Kin trc tng hp (lai). Cu hi chnh l nh th no? Ngn ng th hin mc vt l l ngn ng tin hc.
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Trnh t m hnh ho HTTT

Yu cu HTTT mi

Quan nim

H thng quan nim (lun l) hin ti

H thng quan nim (lun l) mi

Cc mc nhn thc

T chc

Vt l

H thng vt l hin ti

H thng vt l mi

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5 thnh phn HTTT

D liu: biu din kha cnh tnh ca HTTT, gm 2 loi:
D liu tnh:
t bin i trong qu trnh sng Thi gian sng di V d: hng ha, danh sch phng ban, cc quy nh, ti sn,

D liu ng:
Phn nh cc giao tc hat ng kinh doanh, dch v Thi gian sng ngn v thng xuyn bin i V d: n t hng, ha n, giao hng, thu chi, sn xut,

35

5 thnh phn ca HTTT

Con ngi
Nhm ngi dng: s dng v khai thc h thng, cc yu cu:
Hiu qui tc x l v vai tr ca mnh trong HTTT C nhng kin thc cn bn v tin hc Phi hp tt vi nhm pht trin xy dng h thng

Nhm iu hnh v pht trin: bao gm cc phn tch vin, thit k vin, lp trnh vin,c vai tr trong vic xy dng v bo tr h thng

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5 thnh phn HTTT

X l
To thng tin

Bin i thng tin

Lai b thng tin

Sn xut

Cp nht

Vn chuyn

B x l: my mc thit b dng t ng ha x l thng tin

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5 thnh phn ca HTTT

Truyn thng: phng tin v cch thc trao i thng tin gia cc b x l. in thoi, fax, LAN, WAN, internet,
Internet

Modem

Server LAN Kho PC

Van phong PC Phong ban hang

PC

Printer

38

Cc bc pht trin HTTT

B1 - K hoch ha B2 - Nghin cu kh thi, kho st hin trng B3 - Hp ng trch nhim B4 - Phn tch, thit k B5 - Lp trnh B6 - Th nghim B7 - Trin khai B8 - Bo tr, thch ng
39

Cc mc nhn thc Cc thnh phn

Mc nhn thc

Vt l

- Cu trc vt l CSDL (h DBMS)

- H thng phn mm (thit k lp trnh) - M hnh t chc x l (Th cng, my tnh)

- Lp trnh vin -Chuyn vin HTTT -i tng khai thc

- Cu hnh c th, hiu, model,

- Cu hnh mng c th (giao thc, ..)

T chc

- M hnh Quan h. Phn b d liu cho cc b x l (cch nhn view).

-Chuyn vin HTTT (phn tch + thit k) -i tng khai thc -Ngi c quyn quyt nh -Ngi quyt nh phi hp - Ngi t chc - Ngi SD - Chuyn vin HTTT

- Kin trc phn cng - S Servers, cng sut - S Client, cng sut - Thit b ngoi v,

- Kin trc, chng loi mng (qui m, tnh nng, kin trc, )

Quan nim

- M hnh quan nim DL (m hnh thc th kt hp, thc th kt hp m rng, m hnh i tng)

- M hnh quan nim x l (DFD, Merise)

Cc thnh phn

D liu

X l

Con ngi

B x l

Truyn thng

40

Cc mc nhn thc Cc bc pht trin

Cc mc nhn thc

Vt l T chc Quan nim

Mc nhn thc

KHH

KSHT

HTN

PTTK

LT

TN

TK

BT
Cc bc pht trin.

KHH: K hoch ha KSHT: Kho st hin trng HTN: Hp ng trch nhim PTTK: Phn tch thit k LT: Lp trnh TN: Th nghim TK: Trin khai BT: Bo tr

41

Cc bc pht trin Cc thnh phn

Cc thnh phn HTTT

Truyn thng B x l Con ngi X l D Liu KHH KSHTNCKT HTN PTTK LT TN BT

Cc bc pht trin.

Cc bc pht trin 42

Chng 1 - Tng quan v h thng

H thng H thng t chc H thng qun l Thng tin H thng thng tin Phn tch thit k h thng Vai tr - Yu cu i vi mt phn tch vin Tip cn xy dng HTTT M hnh v cc phng php m hnh ha
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Phn tch thit k h thng

Nhm pht trin h thng mt cch c t chc Mc tiu:
Pht trin h thng Xy dng phn mm ng dng o to nhn vin s dng phn mm ng dng

44

Vai tr ca mt phn tch vin

L cha kha trong quy trnh pht trin HTTT Nghin cu cc vn v cc nhu cu cn thit ca t chc Gip ngi s dng nh ngha nhng yu cu mi, lm tng kh nng cung cp cc dch v thng tin. Thu thp thng tin L cu ni, trung gian gia cc i tng tham gia xy dng HTTT Thng l ngi lnh o d n
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Yu cu i vi mt phn tch vin

K nng phn tch
Hiu c t chc v cc hot ng ca t chc Nhn ra cc c hi v cc vn thch thc ca t chc Kin thc v nghip v h thng Kh nng xc nh vn , nm bt v hiu thu o nhng yu cu ca ngi s dng Kh nng phn tch v gii quyt vn Li t duy h thng: tip cn i tng mt cch ton cc ri phn r thnh cc vn con
46

Yu cu i vi mt phn tch vin

K nng k thut:
Kin thc v k thut my tnh Hiu r tim nng v hn ch ca CNTT, phn cng, phn mm v cc cng c lin quan Nm vng cc ngn ng lp trnh trn nn cc h iu hnh v cc phn cng khc nhau Kh nng ng dng thnh tu cng ngh thng tin vo gii quyt nhng vn thc t.

47

Yu cu i vi mt phn tch vin

K nng qun l:
Qun l ti nguyn: qun l v s dng hiu qu
o o o o o o D on ti nguyn s dng (ngn sch) Theo di v tnh ton ti nguyn tiu th S dng ti nguyn mt cch hiu qu nh gi cht lng ti nguyn s dng Bo m an ton, trnh lm dng ti nguyn Thanh l nhng ti nguyn khng cn thit v qu hn

Qun l d n Qun l ri ro: kh nng d on, pht hin cc ri ro ca d n v kh nng gim thiu cc ri ro Qun l nhng thay i trong yu cu h thng
48

Cc yu cu ca mt phn tch vin h thng

K nng giao tip

K nng trao i Phng vn, lng nghe, t cu hi K nng vit tt Trnh by vn mch lc, r rng qua vn bn, qua bui gii thiu vi cc thnh vin, hi tho, Lm vic c lp hoc theo nhm Qun l nh hng ca h thng

49

Chng 1 - Tng quan v h thng

H thng H thng t chc H thng qun l Thng tin H thng thng tin Phn tch thit k h thng Vai tr - Yu cu i vi mt phn tch vin Tip cn xy dng HTTT M hnh v cc phng php m hnh ha
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Tip cn xy dng HTTT

C 2 cch tip cn
Tip cn hng chc nng Tip cn hng i tng

Cc quy trnh pht trin h thng

Quy trnh thc nc Quy trnh tng trng Quy trnh xon c Quy trnh pht trin nhanh (RAD) Quy trnh lp rp thnh phn Quy trnh ng nht ca Rational (RUP)
51

Chu trnh pht trin h thng

Chu trnh pht trin h thng SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle): bao gm nhiu giai on t khi bt u d n h thng cho n khi kt thc khai thc h thng Cc giai on trong chu trnh c th thay i ty theo tng n v (trong khong t 3 20 giai on)

Vic pht trin t ng ha HTTT bao gm 2 khi nim:

Qui trnh pht trin: cc giai on, trnh t giai on pht trin h thng M hnh: cc phng tin biu din ni dung ca h thng thng qua cc giai on ca tin trnh

52

Qui trnh v m hnh pht trin HTTT

Tin trnh
Giai on 1 Giai on 2

Giai on n

M Mhnh hnh

M Mhnh hnh

M Mhnh hnh

M hnh

53

Quy trnh pht trin h thng

Cc tnh cht
Tnh tun t: th t giai on c thc hin t trn xung, kt qu ca giai on trc s l u vo cho giai on sau Tnh lp: mi giai on c th quay tr lui ti cc giai on trc nu cn thit cho n khi kt qu ca n c chp nhn Tnh song song: nhiu hot ng trong mt giai on c th c thc hin song song vi cc hot ng ca giai on khc
54

Qui trnh pht trin h thng

Qui trnh thc nc (waterfall- Royce, 1970)
Xc nh yu cu

Kho st
Phn tch Thit k

d liu, x l

d liu, x l, giao din

d liu, x l, giao din

Ci t, kim th
Bo tr

55

Cc qui trnh pht trin h thng

Qui trnh tng trng (D. R. Grahma, 1989 )
Hon thnh tng thnh phn ca h thng Mi bc tng trng p dng qui trnh tuyn tnh xy dng hon thnh mt phn ca h thng Nhc im:ch ph hp cho nhng h thng c s phn chia r rng v chuyn giao theo tng phn
Tng trng 1 Phn tch Thit k Lp trnh Th nghim Chuyn giao phn 1

Tng trng 2 Phn tch Thit k Lp trnh Th nghim Chuyn giao phn 2

Tng trng 3 Phn tch Thit k Lp trnh Th nghim Chuyn giao phn 3

56

Cc qui trnh pht trin h thng

Qui trnh xon c (Boehm, 1988 )
Mt c im quan trng ca qui trnh ny l nhn mnh vic qun l ri ro Da trn khi nim chu trnh pht trin, qui trnh ny l cc chu trnh lp
Xc nh mc tiu, cc phng n, cc rng buc nh gi cc phng n

Chu trnh 3
Chu trnh 2 Chu trnh 1

Lp k hoch cho chi trnh k tip

Pht trin v kim tra

57

Cc qui trnh pht trin h thng

Qui trnh pht trin nhanh (RAD Rapid Development Application - James Martin, 1991)
Ngi pht trin h thng v cc ngi s dng h thng s lm vic kt hp cht ch vi nhau Khng phi l mt phng php lun ring l m l mt chin lc chung pht trin HTTT, c nhng c im sau:
S dng cc cng c phn mm v cc mi trng pht trin trc quan biu din ti a cc kt qu t c y nhanh vic phn tch vn , thit k mt gii php h thng L mt qu trnh lp thay i v iu chnh

58

Cc qui trnh pht trin h thng

Qui trnh pht trin nhanh do James martin xut, 1991
Xc lp yu cu (Requirements planning)

Thit k (User design) Xy dng (Construction)

Chuyn giao (Cutover) 59

Cc qui trnh pht trin h thng

Qui trnh lp rp thnh phn (component)
Da trn vic ti s dng thnh phn phn mm c sn Pht trin mt phn mm c thc hin bng cch tp hp li cc thnh phn c sn L mt quy trnh lp, mi chu trnh gm 4 giai on
Xc nh mc tiu, cc phng n, cc rng buc: Nhn thc, hnh thnh, tm kim gii php nh gi cc Chu trnh 3 phng n, thnh phn Chu trnh 2 Chu trnh 1 Lp k hoch cho chi trnh k tip: nh gi, tuyn chn Pht trin v kim tra: B sung, iu chnh v tch hp thnh phn

60

Cc giai on c bn ca mt qui trnh

Qui trnh pht trin c chn trong h thng bao gm 6 giai on: xc nh v chn la d n, khi to v lp k hoch d n, phn tch, thit k, ci t, v bo tr.
Xc nh v chn la d n Khi to v lp k hoch d n Phn tch

Thit k

Ci t

Bo tr

61

Cc giai on
Xc nh v chn la d n
Nhu cu thc t nhn c Ngun lc tn ti v c sn Kt qu quyt nh: . chp nhn d n . t chi d n . hon d n . xem xt li d n . kim chng khi nim

Xc nh d n tim nng

Cc d n tim nng v ang thc hin

Quyt nh chn la d n

Phn loi v xp hng d n

Chn la d n

Mi trng t chc hin hnh

Tiu chun nh gi

62

Cc giai on
Lp k hoch v khi to d n
Thnh lp i ng ban u Kho st tng th h thng Lp k hoch Xc nh phm vi, ngun lc, cc nguyn tc lm vic nh gi kh thi Xy dng ti liu m t h thng
63

Cc giai on
Giai on kho st
Tm hiu thc t Nm bt nhng yu cu ca ngi s dng Lp k hoch trin khai. i tng tham gia:
Nhng ngi chu trch nhim trin khai HTTT (pha khch hng). Nhm qun l d n (pha cng ty pht trin) Nhn vin nghip v (ngi s dng). Chuyn vin tin hc (ngi kho st)
64

Cc giai on
Giai on phn tch
M t li thc t thuc phm vi ng dng HTTT mc quan nim, cu trc ha yu cu
Thnh phn d liu Thnh phn x l

Pht sinh cc phng n v la chn phng n kh thi nht Giai on phn tch c lp vi mi trng ci t ng dng HTTT i tng tham gia
Nhn vin nghip v (ngi s dng) Chuyn vin tin hc (chuyn vin phn tch, thit k) Nhm qun l d n (t chc, k hoch ha, )
65

Cc giai on
Giai on thit k
M hnh ha thnh phn d liu v x l mc
Thit k lun l (t chc logic )
o Thit k d liu o Thit k kin trc o Thit k giao din

Thit k vt l: chuyn i thit k lun l sang cc c t phn cng, phn mm, k thut c chn ci t h thng

Lin quan n vic s dng mt s cng c tin hc h tr cho chuyn vin tin hc trong qu trnh thit k i tng tham gia:
Nhm qun l d n Chuyn vin tin hc (chuyn vin phn tch, thit k)
66

Cc giai on
Giai on ci t, th nghim
Lp trnh h thng Kim tra nhng chc nng, phn h, s kt hp ca nhng phn h khc nhau, tng th c h thng thng tin Th nghim Xy dng ti liu h thng: ti liu c t h thng, ti liu s dng, ti liu k thut ci t Hun luyn s dng i tng tham gia:
Nhm qun l d n Chuyn vin tin hc (Lp trnh vin, nhn vin kim tra chng trnh, ..)
67

Cc giai on
Giai on khai thc, bo tr
m bo duy tr hot ng n nh ca h thng thng tin tin hc ha Sa cc li pht sinh trong qu trnh s dng iu chnh nhng thay i sao cho ph hp vi cc thay i h thng B sung, nng cp h thng mi i tng tham gia:
Nhm qun l d n. Nhng ngi khai thc. Chuyn vin tin hc (Lp trnh vin, chuyn vin phn tch, thit k, nhn vin kim tra, ..).
68

V d v qui trnh pht trin h thng

Yu cu v cn nh tng v cn nh Cn nh xy xong

Phn tch & thit k

Xy dng

Chuyn giao s dng v bo tr

69

Chng 1 - Tng quan v h thng

H thng H thng t chc H thng qun l Thng tin H thng thng tin Phn tch thit k h thng Vai tr - Yu cu i vi mt phn tch vin Tip cn xy dng HTTT M hnh v cc phng php m hnh ha

70

M hnh v cc phng php m hnh ha M hnh Phng php m hnh ho Lch s pht trin cc phng php Mt s m hnh tiu biu

71

M hnh
M hnh l mt dng th hin n gin ho ca th gii thc (Efraim Turban ). Cc c im: Din t mt mc tru tng ha Tun theo mt quan im C mt hnh thc biu din (vn bn, ho: th, s , biu ,) L tp hp cc phn t thng c dng trong php tng ng vi nhng lp cc i tng, cc quan h, v nhng qu trnh x l no trong lnh vc cn m t c mt s biu din c ng, tng qut, c ngha, n gin v d hiu.
72

Phn loi m hnh

M hnh tnh v m hnh ng
M hnh tnh:
Biu din thng s h thng Cu trc ca h thng (d liu, thng tin) v nhng cu trc tnh khc

M hnh ng:
Biu din hnh vi, th tc ca h thng S tng tc gia cc i tng nhm thc hin hot ng h thng

73

M hnh ho (modeling)
L cng vic biu din th gii thc dng m hnh Mc ch ca m hnh ho:
Lm sng t vn tip cn M phng c hnh nh tng t ca h thng Gia tng kh nng duy tr h thng Lm n gin ha h thng

74

Phng php m hnh ha (Methodology)

Phng php m hnh ho (phng php phn tch thit k) l mt tp cc khi nim, quy tc, th t v cch thc hin biu din HTTT khi chuyn i thnh t ng ho. Thnh phn mt phng php:
Tp khi nim v m hnh
V d: phng php SA: m hnh DFD, phng php BOOCH: Class diagram, Object diagram, State transition diagram, module diagram, process diagram, interaction diagram

Qui trnh trin khai: gm cc bc v kt qu tng bc Cng c tr gip

75

Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha

Thp nin 60
Phng php s ng vi c tnh chung l chun ha k thut ca cc nh pht trin ng dng

Thp nin 70
Phng php Descartes vi c trng l phn r chc nng ca HTTT theo m hnh phn cp v ng dng cc phng php lp trnh cu trc, n th. Mt s phng php: HIPO, SADT, SA hay SSA, SA/SD, Hng tip cn:
Tnh r rng Tnh dng S rt gn
76

Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha

Thp nin 70 (tip)
Phn loi
Phn tch cu trc: phn r chc nng HTTT (HIPO, SADT, PSL/PSA, SA-SD, SSA, SASS ) Khi nim cu trc: m t cu trc cc n th (PSL/PSA, JSD, SA-SD )

u im
Tip cn theo hng t trn xung (top down) D dng p dng cho cc h thng c cu thnh bi nhng thnh phn ghp ni Tip cn tng bc

Khuyt im
Thiu qui lut chnh xc trong s phn r Thiu cc rng buc v vic b tr x l theo thi gian Kh khn trong vic phn r mt h thng ln
77

Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha

Thp nin 80: phng php h thng, tip cn d liu v x l: MERISE, IDA, REMORA, IA,
Cch tip cn
Tnh ton th Tnh ng n

Phn loi
M hnh cu trc d liu ca h thng (hng tip cn CSDL) M hnh hnh vi h thng (tip cn theo hng x l) Bao gm 2 trng phi
o Lng phn d liu v x l: MCT, SADT, MERISE o Khng phn bit r rng gia d liu v x l: IDA, Remora, ACM-PCM, CIAM

u im
M hnh ERA c s dng rng ri nht 2 cch tip cn ca h thng v d liu v x l Quan tm n nhng thnh phn khng tin hc ha

Khuyt im
Lng phn d liu v x l
78

Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha

Thp nin 90: phng php hng i tng, m hnh tiu biu l OOD, HOOD, BON, OSA, v sau ny l OOSA, OOA, OMT, CRC, OOM, OOAD, UML/RUP
c trng c bn
Tnh bao bc (encapsulation) Tnh phn loi (classification) Tnh kt hp (aggregation) Tnh tha k (heritage)

Phn loi: 2 hng

Lp trnh:lp trnh n th -> hng i tng H qun tr CSDL: CSDL hng i tng

Cch tip cn: 2 cch

Phng php k thut: CNPM (OOD, HOOD, BON, BOOCH, MECANO, OODA) Phng php ton cc:HTTT (OOA, OOSA, OOAD, OMT, OOM )
79

Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha

Thp nin 90
u im
Cu trc ho c cc cu trc phc tp v s dng c cu trc qui Xc nh c i tng ca h thng qua nh danh i tng Tnh tha k c a ra to tin cho vic ti s dng

Khuyt im
Nhiu khi nim biu din, kh rc ri trong vic phn bit ng ngha mt s khi nim gn nhau Xc nh mt i tng kh kh khn Hng tip cn v h thng vn cn n gin
o Kiu i tng <-> hnh vi o M hnh ER -> i tng

80

Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha

Tng hp lch s phng php tip cn
X ly
OMT Sadt Axial OODa 90 Ida Ssa Remora Merise Tip cn h thng Jsd Arianne 60 Corig Niam OOSA CRC UML/ RUP OOM OOA Tip cn i tng

Thi gian

Sa/sd

Hipo
Tip cn Descartes

80

Protee

70

D lieu

81

M hnh v cc phng php m hnh ha M hnh Phng php m hnh ho Lch s pht trin cc phng php Mt s m hnh tiu biu

82

Mt s m hnh tiu biu

M hnh t chc

M hnh dng d liu M hnh

M hnh ng

M hnh d liu

M hnh i tng
83

M hnh t chc (*)

M hnh phn cp chc nng: phn r mt chc nng tng hp thnh nhng chc nng chi tit hn. V d: biu din cc chc nng ca h thng i l bng a ABC
Chc nng
H qun l ca hng

Quan h bao hm
Qun l tn kho

Kinh doanh

K ton

Bn l

Qun l n hng

Qun l cng n

Qun l nhp hng

Qun l xut

Bo co tn
84

M hnh t chc
M hnh lun chuyn (h thng)
V d: biu din qu trnh x l t hng ca i l bng a ABC
Khch hng
t mua bng a hng Kim tra n hng

B phn bn hng

Kho

Vn phng

hng khng hp l

hng hp l

Kim tn kho

Lu n hng

Tn kho Ln k hoch giao hng

CSDL
Danh sch tn kho

Lp phiu giao hng Phiu giao hng Phiu giao hng Lu phiu giao hng Ghi nhn tn kho mi

85

M hnh dng d liu

M hnh tng tc thng tin
V d: M hnh tng tc t hng i l bng a ABC
n t hng Khch hng hng b t chi Thng tin giao hng Thng tin giao hng n t hng Vn phng Tn kho Kho Phng bn hng n t hng

Tc nhn
Dng d liu, thng tin 86

M hnh dng d liu (*)

M hnh dng d liu (DFD)
V d: Biu din m hnh DFD ca x l t hng ca ca hng NGK

n t hng Khch hng

Kim tra hng

H hp l

Lu hng

H mi n t hng

X l Dng d liu

H khng hp l H b t chi Thng bo t chi hng Bng a giao + ha n Lp ha n giao hng

hng Tnh tn kho Thng tin tn kho Tn kho bng a

u cui
Kho d liu

H hng giao Ha n giao hng Ho n giao hng

87

M hnh ng
M hnh mng Petri-net
V d: cc trng thi ca mt n t hng

t hng hng mi

Ln lch giao hng

ln lch

Thanh ton
Trng thi thanh ton Giao hng giao

Bin c
Trng thi hin hnh

88

M hnh ng
M hnh trng thi
V d: trng thi mt n t hng
t hng Chp nhn t hng hng mi T chi do khng hp l B t chi 1 thng Hp l Ln lch giao ln lch giao Thanh ton thanh ton Giao hng 2 nm giao
Trng thi khi to Trng thi kt thc Trng thi Bin c

89

M hnh ng
M hnh x l Merise
V d: biu din x l ca mt n t hng
t hng

Kim tra n hng c Khng

Thanh ton n hng(a) a v b

Ln lch giao hng (b)

T chi n hng
Bin c ng b

Giao hng Lun lun

n hng giao

Hnh ng

90

M hnh d liu (*)

M hnh quan h
BANGDIA(MA_BD, TEN_BD, LOAI, DVTINH, DON_GIA) HANG_NGK(SO_DDH, NGAY_DAT, KHACH_HANG, NGAYGIAO, TRANG THAI) CHITIET_DDH(MA_BD, SO_DDH, SL_DAT, DONGIA_DAT)

Cu trc c bn
QUAN_H1 (THUC TNH KHA1, THUC TNH,) QUAN_H2 (THUC TNH KHA2, THUC TNH KHA NGOI,)

91

M hnh d liu
M hnh mng
BANGDIA LOAI_BD
Loi thc th Lin kt 1-1

CHITIET_DDH

HANG

KHCH_HANG

92

M hnh d liu (*)

M hnh thc th - kt hp
BANGDIA (1,1) THUC (0,n) LOI_BD

(0,n)
T

(1,n) HNG_BD (1,1) CA (1,n) KHCH_HNG

Thc th

Mi kt hp

93

M hnh i tng
M hnh i tng theo OOA
n i tc M s H tn a ch in thoi BANGDIA M s Tn VT n gi Lp & i tng 1 n Kt hp

n
BD t Tng qut ho (IS A) Thnh phn (Is Part - Of)

Nh cung ng Phng thc thanh ton

Khch hng Cng n ti a Tr gi t hng()

S lng t n gi Tr gi()

Hng M s Ngy t Ngy giao Tng tr gi Tnh tr gia hng()

Thng ip (Message)

94

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

:Class A

Class A Class diagram

3

Object diagram

Class B : Class A

b1:Class B : Class B
Message 1

b2:Class B : Class C
Message 2

b3:Class B

Message 3 Message 4

Sequence diagram

95

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

UML 2.0 (2004) UML 1.5 (2003) UML 1.3 (99) UML 1.2 (98)

Chun ho bi OMG

UML 1.1 (11- 97) UML 1.0 (1- 97)

UML 0.9 (96) UML 0.8 (95) OOSE Booch OMT Cc phng php khc Cc thnh vin cng nghip (HP, IBM,Oracle, Microsoft, Rational,)
96

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

Cc c trng ca mt tin trnh s dng UML:
Tnh lp (iterative) Gia tng (incremental) Tp trung vo ngi dng (user concentrated) Hng kin trc (well-defined structure)

97

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

Nm khung nhn v h thng
Khung nhn thc hin (implementation view) Khung nhn use case (Use case view) Khung nhn trin Khung nhn x l khai (deployment (proces view) view)
98

Khung nhn lun l (logical view)

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

Cc s m t kha cnh tnh
S i tng (object diagram) S lp (class diagram) S use case (use case diagram) S thnh phn (component diagram) S trin khai (deployment diragram)

Cc s m t kha cnh ng
Cc s tng tc (interaction diagram)
S tun t (sequence diagram) S hp tc (collaboration diagram)

S hot ng (activity diagram) S chuyn dch trng thi (state transition diagram)
99

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

Ti x 1 Ca * Bng li xe Xe ti Xe t Xe m t 0..1 S hu 1..* Xe

Tc gi tnTcGi: string aCh: string 1 1..*

Sch taSch: string nmXutBn: integer

S lp

100

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

UML:Sch taSch =UML nmXutBn=1998

Hong:Tc gi tnTcGi =Nguyn Vn Hong aCh=123-Nguyn Vn C - Q5

C s d liu:Sch taSch =UML nmXutBn=1997

S i tng

101

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

Mn sch

Tr sch

Th th

Mn ti ch

c gi
c sch, bo Mua sch Nh cung cp S Use case
102

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

Tin ch

Giao din

C s d liu

X l

S thnh phn

103

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

Node 1 (phng qun tr):Server CSDL Node 3 (c gi):APP Giao din

Node 2 (phng qun tr):APP Server Tin ch C s d liu X l

Node 4 (th th):APP Giao din

S trin khai

104

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

:Ngi gi Nhc my Tn hiu :My gi Tng i :My nhn :Ngi nhn

Quay s

Kt ni

Tn hiu

chung Nhc my Tn hiu

S tun t

Tn hiu gc my Tin hiu gc my Tn hiu gc my

Gc my

105

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

Mun Sn sng cho mn Nhp kho lu tr Tr ang mn

Chm dt lu hnh Ht lu hnh

nh mt nh mt

nh mt Mt

Lu tr Nhp kho

nh mt Thanh l

S trng thi

106

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

Kim tra cc sch mn
[c gi n mn sch] [Sch mn<=3]

T chi mn sch
[Sch mn>3]

Ly sch

Cp nht thng tin mun

S hot ng

107