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MC LC
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V MNG VIN THNG......................4
II K THUT MNG LI VIN THNG..................................5
1 Cu hnh mng li:......................................................5
2 nh s:.......................................................................7
3 nh tuyn:..................................................................8
4.Tnh cc:....................................................................8
5.Cc dng ca h thng tnh cc:...................................9
3.Phng php thc dng:..............................................11
IV MNG S LIN KT A DCH V:....................................11
V K THUT GHP KNH PHN CHIA THEO THI GIAN.........13
2. H thng ghp knh TDM............................................14
VI K THUT GHP KNH PCM...........................................16
2. Sp xp nh thi cho cc mng s:.............................22
3 khi nim v hin tng trt:.....................................23
4. Mng ng b............................................................24
5. n v ng b ca tng i.......................................26
CHNG II :TRNG CHUYN MCH S................................27
I TRNG CHUYN MCH KHNG GIAN S( S )...................27
1 Khi nim :.................................................................27
2 Cu trc v nguyn tc hot ng:...............................27
II TRNG CHUYN MCH THI GIAN S (T).......................29
1.Khi qut....................................................................29
2.Cu trc trng chuyn mch thi gian:.......................30
3.Nguyn tc hot ng.................................................31
4.Thc t:......................................................................31
III TRNG CHUYN MCH GHP:......................................32
1.Trng chuyn mch T-S.............................................32
2. Trng chuyn mch S-T............................................33
3. Trng chuyn mch T-S-T..........................................33
4.iu khin khi chuyn mch:......................................34
I Chuyn mch thng bo:.................................................38
II Chuyn mch gi: ( PACKET SWTCHING)..........................38
III Mng chuyn mch gi:................................................39
1.Nt mng:..................................................................39
2. Cc thu bao u cui:...............................................40
3. Cc thit b PAD.........................................................41
IV Cc ch lm vic ca mng chuyn mch gi:............41
1. Khi qut chung:........................................................41
2 Ch hot ng khng to cu ni:............................41
3. Ch hot ng mch o..........................................41
V S c v khc phc........................................................42
1. Qu trnh pht tin c bn:...........................................42
2 Cc li........................................................................42
VI ng gi thng tin:.......................................................43
1. Cu trc gi...............................................................43
2.Cc phng php kim tra li:......................................44
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3. Kch thc gi:...........................................................45


VII K thut ghp knh trong mng chuyn mch gi..........45
2. Ghp knh trn mng o mng TYMNET....................46
VIII nh tuyn mng chuyn mch gi..............................47
2 nh tuyn ngu nhin( random routing):.....................48
IX iu khin lung d liu...............................................48
1 khi qut :..................................................................48
2.Phng php ca s dch( slide window).......................48
1 C s l thuyt ca hin tng kha cht (dead lock)....49
2. Cch khc phc..........................................................49
XI Giao thc chuyn mch gi............................................49
1. Giao thc 25..............................................................49
2.Giao thc X75.............................................................50
CHNG 4 : CHUYN MCH ATM..........................................53
1.To t bo ghp knh ATM..........................................54
2. Cu trc t bo ATM...................................................54
II Hot ng ca mng chuyn mch ATM..........................55
1.Mng chuyn mch c nh:.........................................56
2.Mng chuyn mch o.................................................57
III Cc yu cu v cc khi chc nng chuyn mch ATM.....57
IV Cu trc ma trn v mng chuyn mch ATM.................58
1.Chuyn mch dng chung b nh.................................58
2. Chuyn mch dng chung mi trng mi gii ( b m)
..................................................................................... 58
3.C s logic FIFO..........................................................59
I S KHI...................................................................61
1.Khi chuyn mch.......................................................61
2. Khi bo hiu.............................................................61
3. Khi iu khin..........................................................61
2. Vai tr ,cu trc v cc ng kt ni gia cc khi chc
nng.............................................................................62
III Nguyn l hat ng ca tng i SPC...........................63
1. i vi cuc gi ni b................................................63
2.i vi cuc gi ra.......................................................63
3.i vi cuc gi vo, cuc gi chuyn tip....................63
I Kt cui thu bao tng t..............................................64
1.S khi..................................................................64
2. Chc nng cc khi....................................................64
II Kt cui thu bao s......................................................65
III Kt cui trung k tng t............................................66
1.S khi..................................................................66
2.Chc nng cc khi.....................................................66
IV KT CUI TRUNG K S.................................................67
1. S khi.................................................................67
2. Chc nng cc khi GAZPACHO...................................68
I S khi:.....................................................................70
II Cc Thnh Phn Ca Tng i EWSD...............................71
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2. Nhm ng dy trung k LTG ( Line Trunk Group .......71


3. Mng chuyn mch SN ( Switch Network)....................71
4.n v iu khin mng bo hiu knh chung CCNC ......71
6. B pht xung ng b trung tm CCG .........................71
7. Bng cnh bo SYP ( System Panel )...........................72
8. B x l iu phi CP .................................................72
9. Nhng giao tip bn ngoi .........................................72
10. Giao tip bn trong .................................................72
11. Vic truyn s liu t CP n LTG .............................72
III ng dng tng i EWSD .............................................72
IV Cc khi chc nng trong tng i EWSD VERSION.10.....73
1. n v giao tip ng dy s DLU (DIGITAL LINE UNIT)73
2. S khi DLU ..........................................................73
V Chc Nng Ca Tng B Phn ........................................74
1. Module ng dy thu bao:.......................................74
2. SLMA c cc chc nng :..........................................74
3. Chc nng ca SLMA .................................................74
Testing..........................................................................74
5. SLMD ( Subseriber Line Module Digital )......................74
6. Cc chc nng ca SLMD ...........................................75
7. Card thu bao s SLMD ..............................................75
8. ng truyn gia DLU v LTG ...................................76
9. Nhim v ca DIUD ....................................................76
10. n v giao tip dng cho DLU trong i ..................76
..................................................................................... 76
11. RGMG - Ringing Generator Metering Generator .........77
VI Nhm ng dy trung k LTG ......................................77
1.S khi..................................................................77
2. Mng chuyn mch SN v cc giao din giao tip bn
ngoi ...........................................................................78
4. Mng chuyn mch c lp rp di dng module .....78
9. Quy trnh x l cuc gi..............................................80
10. Phn mm tng i EWSD ........................................82
11. Cu trc phn mm ca b x l iu phi ................83
TI LIU THAM KHO........................................................84

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CHNG 1: TNG

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QUAN V MNG VIN THNG

Mc ch : Qua bi ging ny,hc sinh c kh nng:


- Gii thch c cc khi nim c bn v cc b phn cu thnh mng vin thng
- M t c cc mng vin thng
- Xc nh c cc k thut ghp knh hin nay th gii ang s dng.

I Cc b phn cu thnh h thng vin thng :


Thng tin:- mc ch thit lp
-Trong tng lai thng tin l ti nguyn
H thng truyn thng c bn bao gm:
1. Bn gi , bn nhn
2. ng truyn dn v tng i: mng li

a. Thit b u cui:
Dng giao tip :
Mng v ngi, mng v my mc
Mc ch :
Chuyn i thng tin sang tn hiu in
Trao i cc tn hiu iu khin vi mng
b.Thit b truyn dn:
Thit lp ng truyn dn: ng truyn c chia s
Mng li c s dng tinh t
Chia lm 2 loi: tng i ni ht v tng i chuyn tip
c Thit b truyn dn:
Ni cc tng i vi nhau
Ni tng i vi thu bao.
c chia thnh 2 loi:
-Thit b truyn dn thu bao.
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-Thit b truyn dn chuyn tip.


-Xt v phng din truyn dn: chia lm 2 loi hu tuyn v v tuyn .
Dng ni cc thu bao u cui vi nhau.
C1 Thit b truyn dn thu bao:
Gm cp kim loi, cp si quang, cc thit b truyn dn v tuyn.
Cp kim loi:dng cho cc thu bao tc thp.
Cp quang:ng thu bao ring, mng dch v ISDN:c tc cao,dung lng
ln.
C2 Thit b truyn dn chuyn tip:
Gm h thng cp quang, cp ng trc,h thng viba, h thng thng tin v tinh.
C mt s tn hiu c truyn mt cch kinh t qua dy dn n.

II K THUT MNG LI VIN THNG


Cn thit cho s kt hp gia cc thit b trong mng vn hnh nh mt mng li.
K thut vin thng bao gm:cu hnh mng li,nh s , tnh cc, bo hiu
,ng b mng li..

1 Cu hnh mng li:


Dng xc nh cch t chc mng: kt hp cc tng i nh cc im kt ni vi
ng truyn dn:cc ng ,lu lng trong mng li
T chc mng li:
Khi u cui s lng nh :thu xp chng trong cng mt tng i
Khi u cui s lng ln, dng nhiu tng i qua cc ng trung k, cc tng
i ni vi nhau gi l mng li
Gm mng hnh sao, mng hnh li v mng phc hp

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a Mng hnh li:


L t chc mng m tt c cc tng i c ni trc tip n cc b phn khc
C th sp xp d dng khng cn tng i chuyn tip
Chc nng la chn trong tng i n gin
Vi s tng i l n .s ng kt ni l n(n-1)/2 ->n2
Khi s tng i ln, s ng kt ni tng-khng thch hp trong phm vi rng
Thch hp cho mt s lng nh tng i tp trung trong mt vng nh
Chi ph chuyn mch cao hn chi ph truyn dn
S c ch nh hng trong phm vi hp
b Mng hnh sao:
T chc :cc tng i ni ht ni n tng i chuyn tip nh hnh sao
Lu lng gia cc tng i ni ht c tp trung bi tng i chuyn tip
mch s dng hiu qu
Chi ph truyn dn cao hn chi ph chuyn mch: do c nhiu tng i chuyn tip
Khi tng i chuyn tip hng ,cuc gi gia cc tng i ni ht khng c kt
ni--nh hng rng

c Mng hn hp:
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ng dng u im ca ca hai mng trn


Khi lu lng gia cc tng i nh, cc tng i ny c ni vi nhau qua tng
i chuyn tip
Khi lu lng ln cc tng i ni ht ni trc tip vi nhau-cc tng i v
thit b truyn dn c s dng hiu qu v tng tin cy ca ton b mng
li

2 nh s:
Thi k nhn cng khng cn s in thoi
Thi chuyn mch t ng, thu bao phi quay s la chn bn c gi v dng
tnh cc
Nhng yu cu c bn ca vic nh s:
1. i vi ngi dng n phi d nh ,d s dng
2. Khng cn thit thay i trong mt thi gian di
3. nh tuyn v tnh cc mt cch d dng
4. a ra cc dch v mi mt cch d dng
2.1 H thng nh s m v ng:
1 H thng nh s ng:
Ton b mng li coi nh 1 vng nh s.cc s c ch nh thng nht cho
cc thu bao trong mng
Mi thu bao c s ring ca mnh vi cc ch s khc nhau
2 H thng nh s m:
Mng li c sp xp nh mt khi tp kt ca nhiu vng nh s ng
Trong h thng ny,cc thu bao thuc cc vng nh s khc nhau c kt ni
bng cch thm tin t trung k hay m trung k trc s ng
2.2 Cu to s:
2.2.1 S quc gia:

2.2.2 S quc t:

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3 nh tuyn:
Trong mng li phm vi rng, 2 tng i c kt ni qua tng i chuyn
tip:c nhiu ng kt ni gia chng , chn la 1 ng gi l nh tuyn
Cc tuyn c la chn mt cch lun phin:t xa ti gn

4.Tnh cc:
L phng php tnh cc thu bao ca cc dch v vin thng.Cc iu kin sau
phi tho mn:
1. Tnh cc d hiu, v hp l
2. H thng gi cc n gin
3. Chp nhn c t chi ph dch v
4. Thit b tnh cc n gin:
H thng c bn xc nh cc dng vin thng, phng php tnh ton v gi cc
c gi l h thng gi cc.C th chia lm 3 dng:
a. H thng gi cc ngang bng,h thng gi cc c o,h thng kt hp
H thng gi cc ngang bng:thu nhp n nh, khng cn cc thit b o,tnh
ton ho n n gin,khi s dng lu lng t c th phn nn
H thng gi cc c o:c tnh ton theo lu lng: trch nhim ngi s
dng cng bng hn,cn c cc thit b o cho cc cuc gi, khi khng c cuc
gi chi ph l 0.
H thng kt hp 2 phng php trn; da trn chi ph thit b cng cc lu
lng
b. Tnh cc:
Da trn thi gian cng vi khong cch.khi gi cc cuc gi ti mt khong
cch no cho mi thi gian T giy c c nh l a,th cc cuc gi c
tnh nh sau:
Cc cuc gi = (a *thi gian cuc gi)/T
Bng cch thay i a hay T , ta c 2 phng php
1. Phng php tnh cc thi gian c nh
2. Phng php o nhp chu k
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5.Cc dng ca h thng tnh cc:


H thng o 1 ng h
H thng ho n chi tit
ng b mng li:phng php ng nht tn s ng h trong mt mng,c
chia thnh: H thng cn ng b
ng b ch t,h thng ng b tng h
1. H thng cn ng b:c 1 b dao ng c t mi trmcp tn hiu ng
h c bn:s dng h thng vin thng quc t.u im :linh hot,khng cn
mng phn phi ng h .nhc :cn ng h chnh xc, cu hnh cc ng h
trn phc tp,chi ph ng b mng cao
2. H thng ng b ch t:1 ng h chnh xc c lp ti trm ch, phn phi tn
hiu n cc trm khc( t ) qua mng phn phi ng h,Cc tn hiu ny c
ti to li trong thit b ng b mng ti cc trm t ng nht tn s vi trm
ch.u : khng cn ng h tin cy cao cho mi trm.nhc: cn mng phn phi
ng h, li v ri lon ng truyn trong mng phn phi nh hng trm t

3 H thng ng b tng h:
ng h bin i c lp ti mi trmc iu khin tng h bi tn hiu
ng h ca cc trm khcto ra tn hiu thng nht chung cho tt c cc trm
trong mng
u: khng cn ng h tin cy cao, khng cn phn cp
Nhc : khi c 1 ng h b h nh hng ton b mng li
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Khi c s c kh cch ly li

III S HO MNG
C 3 phng php: chng ln ,c o,thc dng
1. Phng php chng ln:mng s xy dng ngoi mng tng t, 2 mng
kt ni ti cc cng A/D
u im:c th a ra dch v im ni im
Gim gi tr cht lng do ting vng
C th a ra dch v ISDN khp c nc
Khuyt: nhiu vn u t trong giai on u
Mng phi xy dng trn ton quc
Chi ph mng s cho mi thu bao cao
Khai thc , bo dng cho mng v thit b c yu cu

2.Phng php c o:
Tt c cc thit b tng t c thay bng thit b s ho
u: c th lp t tng i chc nng mi, a ra dch v v tuyn
Chi ph thu bao thp
Xy dng mng s khng cn s ho knh
Khu vc s ho khng cn bo dng v khai thc
Khuyt: thnh lp khu vc s ho 1 cch t do,dch v im ni im v truyn
dn b hn ch
Vi h thng analog phi b tho b

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3.Phng php thc dng:


Kt hp c hai phng php trn
i hi pht trin cc giai on t mng tng t ti mng s-thit b tng t
c s dng cng nhiu cng tt-k hoch di hn chi tit gm ln ,nhu
cu, tng lu lng vng i hin c,thi gian gii thiu sn phm

IV MNG S LIN KT A DCH V:


1.Khi nim v ISDN:nhm a ra nhiu dch v vin thng:cc dch v thng
tin s liu, in thoi mng bng s
Mc ch: nng cao hiu qu mng, gim thiu cc hp ng

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2 c im ca ISDN:
S lin kt dch v
tiu chun ho quc t
tiu chun ho giao din ngi s dng

S dng ng thi cc knh phc tp

3. Phn tch cc knh thng tin v cc knh bo hiu:


Tn hiu c th trao i trong sut qu trnh truyn->cung cp cc dch v a dng,
cc dch v c a ra bng cc tn hiu truyn dn trong qu trnh truyn tin
Xc nh ng kt ni
Cc thit b truyn trong sut qu trnh chuyn tin
Ccc dch v a ra bng vic truyn nhn mt lng ln tn hiu
Xc nh ng lin lc , tnh cc
Bo hiu gia nhng ngi s dng, xc nh ng kt ni
4 S dng ISDN:
C 2 loi giao din
a. Giao din c bn

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b.Giao din th cp:

V K THUT GHP KNH PHN CHIA THEO THI GIAN


1.Gii thiu v ghp knh: hot ng chuyn mch s da trn k thut
ghp knh phn thi
Ghp knh:qu trnh vn chuyn tn hiu ng thi qua 1 phng tin truyn dn
1 h thng ghp knh gm: n phn t nhp , tn hiu phc hp ny c truyn i
hay x l theo yu cu, c tch u ra v np cc knh ra thch hp
Thng h thng ghp knh trong vin thng gm 2 hng
C nhiu k thut ghp knh: FDM,TDM,SDM

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2. H thng ghp knh TDM


C ng truyn tc cao dng chung chia s cho mt s cc knh
Mi knh chim ng truyn ny trong mt khong thi gian nh k gi l khe
thi gian- time slot
K thut ghp knh yu cu chuyn tn hiu tun t cc muchn vo v mang
i trong cc time slot trn ng truyn cao tc
Vic chuyn dng sng sin sang chui tun t cc mu ri rc nh h thng ly
mu

a. H thng ly mu:
Tin trnh ly mu bao gm:

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b. X l mu trong min thi gian:

Ly mu di tc nyquist s gy nn hin tng sai lch trong dng sng c


thit lp, do hin tng aliasing ( chng ph)
Hnh ng to ra mt chui cc xung c cng hoc t l vi cc gi tr ly mu
mt lc nh vy gi l iu ch bin xung
C 3 loi iu ch : theo b rng, chu k hoc khong cch xung,iu ch v tr
xung, iu ch tn s xung
c. Ghp knh phn thi:

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VI K THUT GHP KNH PCM

1.iu ch xung m:
Mc ch: l phng php thng dng nht
C th truyn dn qua h thng truyn dn s
Bao gm 3 tin trnh: ly mu ,lng t v m ho

2 Cc qu trnh iu ch xung m:
a. Ly mu:
tit kim bng thng :bng tn c gii hn 300-3400hz
Tc ly mu l 8khz
ng vi tn s nyquist ln n 4khz
To nn cc xung iu bin c khong cch gia cc xung l 125s
b. Lng t ho:
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Lng t ho l qu trnh to ra mt biu din s cho mt tn hiu analog c ly


mu

c. M ho:
Mi mc lng t c ch nh 1 s nh phn->h thng s 8 bit cho 256 mc
Bit u tin qui c o :m hoc 1: dng, 7 bit cn li biu din ln
Mi mu PAM biu din cho 1 knh c m ho PCM 8 bit.
Gii m c thc hin ti thit b cui ca h thng PCM
B gii m gm 1 dy 8 chuyn mch dng
B m ho xp x lin tip c s dng rng ri
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3.Hot ng ca h thng PCM: c 2 loi 24 knh v 30 knh


u dng tc ly mu 8khz, frame 125s, nhng khc v dng bo hiu, dng
ng b frame v cc lut lng t c dng

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3.1 H thng PCM 30


3.1.1Cu trc khung( frame):

3.1.2 ng b khung:
Trong h thng PCM 30, mu 7 bit 0011011 gi l tn hiu ng b khung FAS
cha trong cc TS0 ca cc frame l
ng b khung t c khi tun t :FAS-NON.FAS-FAS thc hin trong 3
khung lin tip
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Ngc li l mt ng b khung, lc ny 1 tn hiu cnh bo c pht ngc li


bng cch t bit th 3 ca NON.FAS t 0 sang 1 trong TS0

3.1.3 Bo hiu: 2 loi CAS v CCS


Dng TS 16 bo hiu CAS

CAS:bo hiu knh lin kt:


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Ts16 c dng chuyn mt i din 4 bit ca cc tn hiu 10 p.p.s( line and


selection) ca tt c cc knh pcm30
8 bit ca ts16 gn hai knh lp li c nh
Sau 15 khung lin tip, 4 bit i din cho trng thi bo hiu ca mi knh trong
30 knh s c gi
Mt a khung 2ms nh cc nhm 16 s c nhn dng
Mu 4 bit ging nhau ABCD c lp li cho n khi thay i trng thi bo hiu
CCS: bo hiu knh chung
Lin kt gia 2 tng i c h thng truyn dn s 2Mbps
Thng ip CCS c truyn di dng chun, 8 bit k tip nhau trong cc khung
lin tip
Tc truyn 64 kbps
Khng c s sp xp a khung
C nhn ch nh knh lin h
3.2 H thng PCM 24
C 1 khung 125 s c 24 khe thi gian
8 bit c phn b vo 24 knh thoi
Ting ni c m ho vo 8 bit dng lut Mu
Cc mu ng khung v a khung ti u c mang 1 bit n
Khung cha 193 bit
Tc danh nh 193x8=1544kbps
3.2.1 CAS
Dng bit LSB ca mi khe thi gian tng ng gi l bit-stealing
C ngha trong cc khung t 1-5 v 7-11
8 bit mang d liu thoi c m ho cho mi knh
Khung 6 v khung 12 c 7 bit mang thng tin thoi
H tr kh nng bo hiu 8khz/6=1,33khz
Bit bo hiu khung 6 v 12 l bit A v bit B
Bo hiu 1 chiu DC i din bi mu AB
c lp li trong sut thi gian ca trng thi
3.2.2 ng b

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3.2.3 CCS
Bit u tin ca cc khung chn k tip c dng truyn trn h thng T1
H tr 1 kh nng bo hiu 4kbps
T1 i lc c xem nh h thng nonclear
H thng T1 mang 1 knh CCS 64kbps v 23 knh thoi 64kbps vi s hot ng
ca knh clear

VII NG B MNG
1 Cc phng php nh thi phn b
1.nh thi trn mng s:

2. Sp xp nh thi cho cc mng s:


Mt mng tch hp s l mng cc tng i s kt ni vi nhau qua cc lin kt
truyn dn s
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3 khi nim v hin tng trt:


1 SLIP
Hin tng trt xy ra 1 cch nh k trong h thng s c s mt cn i gia
tn s trn ng dy n v i
Tc trt ph thuc vo mc mt cn i gia hai tn s ny
C hai loi trt iu khin c v khng iu khin c
Loi iu khin c cn gi l trt khung

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2 Cc phng php iu khin nh thi cho mng s


2.1 Hot ng cn ng b
2.2 Hot ng ng b
3 Mng cn ng b
Cung cp 1 tham chiu chnh
C 3 s la chn: cung cp 1 ng h tham chiu di ng
Cung cp 1 ng h tham chiu trung tm
Cung cp 1 tn hiu tham chiu

4. Mng ng b
4.1 Cc h thng ng b khng bnh ng
4.1.1 H thng ng b ch t
4.1.2 H thng ng b ch t phn cp
4.2 Cc h thng ng b bnh ng

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4.2.1 ng b bnh ng single-ended

4.2.2 ng b bnh ng double-end

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5. n v ng b ca tng i
Xt cc thnh phn trong mt n v ng h trong tng i s SPC
Cha cc ngun nh thi v thit b to dao ng+thit b ng b mng-c
thit k bo v cao v s c -t lit ton b h thng
Phn b cc dng sng khc nhau n cc thit b nh cc si cp thng 3 si cp
cho 1 tuyn-an ton, nh thi cho cc rack thit b c cc bus c phn b
bn trong
Chiu di cp gii hn cc tn s cao

CU HI N TP
1. Cc b phn cu thnh mng vin thng.

2. K thut mng li vin thng


3. S ha mng

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CHNG II :TRNG CHUYN MCH S


Mc ch : Qua bi ging ny,hc sinh c kh nng:
- Gii thch c cc khi nim c bn v trng chuyn mch
- M t c h thng cc khi chuyn mch.

I TRNG CHUYN MCH KHNG GIAN S( S )


1 Khi nim :

c kh nng thay i v mt khng gian ca mt tn hiu s t v tr ny sang


v tr khc m khng lm thay i thi im xut hin-TS khng i

2 Cu trc v nguyn tc hot ng:


2.1 Cu trc
Gm mt ma trn cc mch logic AND gm M hng v N ct, l cc ch s ng
PCM u vo v ra tng ng v chu s iu khin ca b nh CMi tng ng
vi mi ct
S lng ngn nh = s khe thi gian ca ng PCM
Mi ngn nh dng ghi cc thng tin a ch ca cc tip im chuyn mch
AND
B iu khin chuyn mch iu khin thc hin vic iu khin qu trnh ghi vo
cc ngn nh cc thng tin a ch cn thit cho vic thit lp cc tuyn ni
Qu trnh c t cc CM c thc hin ng b t cc tuyn PCM

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2.2 iu khin u ni qua trng chuyn mch:


c ln lt cc ngn nh n TS2 ca CM3 -> nhn c thng tin 1-3->m
cng AND 2-3.Vy ti thi im PCM c ni dung thng tin thoi TS2/PCM1
u vo :thit lp c tuyn ni qua trng chuyn mch khng gian s
Khi cn gii phng tuyn ni , ch cn xa i ni dung thng tin a ch 1-3 ti
ngn nh 2 ca CM3
Nhn xt:-Ch thit lp tuyn ni v mt khng gian , thi gian khng i
Ch xy ra tc nghn ni b khi c 2 u vo trn PCM khc nhau cng ni vi
mt u ra.
Thi gian thit lp kt ni b hn ch v dng cng AND
2.3 Thc t:
Dng cc b ghp knh v phn knh lun l k thut s:dng mch tch hp,thc
hin ni ng ra n v 1 trong n ng vo ty thuc vo a ch nh phn t vo
cc ng iu khin
C 2 loi iu khin theo ct v hng
a.CU TRC THEO HNG IU KHIN U RA(theo hng)

b. THEO CT

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II TRNG CHUYN MCH THI GIAN S (T)


1.Khi qut
1.1 Khi nim v trao i khe thi gian s
Chc nng ca mt thu bao: BORSCHT . thit lp tuyn m thoi->cn phi
c tuyn ni,cn phi trao i khe thi gian->trng chuyn mch thi gian tn
hiu s
V d : c tuyn m thoi gia 2 thu bao

1.2 tr khe thi gian:


Bn cht : trao i ni dung thng tin thoi t TS ny sang TS khc tn hiu b
tr i mt khong thi gian nht nh so vi thi im ban u.Tuy nhin tr
ny phi m bo nh hn 32TS= 125s
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Trao i khe thi gian

2.Cu trc trng chuyn mch thi gian:


Ngi ta dng RAM: gm 2 loi RAM tin(SM) v RAM a ch (CM)
Ngoi ra cn c b m khe thi gian (time slot counter)

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3.Nguyn tc hot ng
3.1 iu khin u ra: Ghi tun t-c c iu khin-SWRR
Khi c yu cu kt ni:-ghi TT a ch vo RAM a ch, ghi TT thoi vo RAM
tin, c TT thoi t RAM tin

3.2 iu khin u vo
Ghi c iu khin-c tun t-RWSR
Khi c yu cu kt ni:-ghi TT a ch vo RAM a ch, ghi TTthoi vo RAM
tin, c TT thoi t RAM tin

4.Thc t:
Gm SM RAM 32 ngn nh, CM RAM 32 ngn nh, dy iu khin
R/W( 5dy),b la chn dng bin i thng tin a ch trn cc dy a ch thnh
cc tn hiu thch hp trn SM
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B m khe thi gian: m tun hon cc khe thi gian trn 1 tuyn PCM a
ch c cho cc CM v cc a ch ghi cho cc SM
Nhn xt: c th thit lp tuyn ni gia 1 u vo bt k vi 1 u ra bt k s
khe thi gian u vo cng ln thi gian chuyn mch dnh cho 1 tuyn ni cng
nh, ngc li tc lm vic ca RAM chuyn mch( time access ).Ta c
cng thc: T= ( 125.10)=N.(8/P).A.tc
T khong thi gian ca 1 khung tn hiu s
N s ng PCM c kh nng u ni, P s bit c chuyn mch song song,A s
ln truy nhp thng l 2,tc thi gian ca mt chu trnh c
- Theo pp SWRR:

III TRNG CHUYN MCH GHP:


1.Trng chuyn mch T-S
Khc phc nhc im ca 2 loi trn

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2. Trng chuyn mch S-T

3. Trng chuyn mch T-S-T


3.1 Cu trc:

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3.2 Nguyn l iu khin:


Gi s cn thit lp tuyn ni gia TS 10-A 2 v TS 45-C1.Qa trnh iu khin
nh sau:
Ghi cc thng tin a ch vo b nh iu khin:chn khe thi gian trn PCM trung
gian: gi s l TS124
-Ghi cc thng tin a ch cn thit vo b nh iu khin CM
-Ghi TT thoi vo b nh tin SM-A 2
-c TT thoi ra ,iu khin u ni qua trng chuyn mch khng gian, ghi
TTthoi vo SM-C1
-Qu trnh iu khin u ra ca trng chuyn mch ghp:c ln lt cc ngn
nh SM-C1 n TS45 ,b iu khin s c ti ngn nh 45 v a ra PCM ni
dung TT thoi ca u vo TS10-SM-A 2
NHN XT:
Trng chuyn mch T-S-T l trng chuyn mch khng tn tht ( non
blocking), c dng nhiu trong tng i SPC
Cc tham s nh gi trng chuyn mch:
5 tham s: dung lng trng chuyn mch, tip thng trng chuyn
mch,kh nng pht trin dung lng,thi gian chuyn mch, v phc tp
trong iu khin

4.iu khin khi chuyn mch:


Phi thc hin vic qun l tt c cc ng dn xuyn qua khi chuyn mch,
gm:
- Thit lp 1 ng dn
- Xa b mt ng dn
-ng k 1 ng dn
-Vch 1 ng dn
-Kim tra 1 ng dn
-Thm nh 1 trng thi ng dn
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Cc tuyn xuyn qua khi chuyn mch c 2 hng:n hng v song hng
4.1 mc iu khin khi CM KT S

4.2 S lin lc gia b phn iu khin v tng i


Yu cu t tng i n khi iu khin thng tn ti di dng thng ip cp
cao loi 1: lun tn ti cc field sau y: m hot ng, nhm field thuc v khe
thi gian nhp,nhm field thuc v khe thi gian xut,m pht hin li..

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4.3 S lin lc gia n v v b phn iu khin khi chuyn mch


TT c gi l :a ch ca CM, a ch cc v tr trn CM,ni dung d liu s ghi
vo v tr trong CM
Bit busy ch trng thi bn hay t do

2.13 Bo v khi chuyn mch:dng phng php gp i

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CU HI N TP
Cc loi trng chuyn mch-m t v ni r nguyn l

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37

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PTCCN&DN

CHNG III :CHUYN MCH GI

Mc ch : Qua bi ging ny,hc sinh c kh nng:


Gii thch phng thc truyn d liu mi
M t cch t chc truyn d liu di dng gi
Xc nh c cc mng giao tip vi mng chuyn mch gi

I Chuyn mch thng bo:


Mi chuyn mch ca mng lu tr cc bn tin di dng nguyn vn v cung cp
dch v chuyn mch rt tin cy.Khi b nghn mch ti s b lm tr bng cch lu gi
cho n khi c ti nguyn phn phi.
p dng ch yu vo dch v truyn tin ghi c:ng ra ca qu trnh chuyn tin l
sn phm hu hnh c c,cung cp mt record thng tin c nh
Dng bng thng hp, truyn dn chnh xc c th truyn dn trn mng truyn
dn cht lng thp
Dng trong cc iu kin bt li v v tr xa
Ngi truyn v ngi nhn khng c mt ng thi trn h thng, khng th t
chc cc cuc lin lc
Hu ch trong cc h thng truyn tin ca chnh ph,qun i hay cc t chc kinh
t

II Chuyn mch gi: ( PACKET SWTCHING)


TT c truyn i di dng cc gi : khi TTiu khin, mt vng cha TT
truyn hu ch, mt vng TT kim tra-sa li b sung.Vy n v d liu trong
chuyn mch gi l gi.Mt bn tin trn vn c chia lm nhiu gi ,chuyn i
v c ti thit ti ni nhn

Mt t chc chuyn mch thi gian c dng cho chuyn mch gi: gm 1 knh
truyn di dng vng(bus) t tn hiu c a vo hay ly ra ty thuc vo 1
vi loi chun
Cc mch ni n c th l mt di thu bao : tc 56kps hay 64 kps n cc
ng tm xa chun ( T3 ) tc 44 mbps

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III Mng chuyn mch gi:


Mt mng chuyn mch gi PSN gm cc NOD mng vi cc u cui dng PT
( PACKET TERMINAL),cc b tp trung ,cc thit b ng tch gi PAD kt ni
vi cc u cui d gi(NPT) v h thng qun l mng. Mi thnh phn trong 1
mng c 1 c tnh ring ca n, nm c cc c tnh thc hin cc thnh
phn ghp ni vi nhau to nn mng chuyn mch gi

1.Nt mng:
L nhng tng i hay thit b chuyn mch gi.Cc nod kt ni thu bao vo mng,
cc ng dy trung k
C cc chc nng sau:iu khin cc port ng dy,truyn a d liu ngi
dng,chuyn i giao thc s dng trong mng v lin kt vi cc mng khc
Ty thuc vo v tr c cc node l: truy xut cc b thu bao,node trung k trung
chuyn cho nhng node mng khc,node ca cng
Mng chuyn mch gi c th c nhng kt ni lin mng :
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-Mng in thoi cng cng PSTN


-Mng s a dch v ISDN
-Mng s liu cng cng chuyn mch mch CSPDN
Cc mng s liu cng cng chuyn mch gi khc,tc ng dy cho cc thit b
u cui bt ng b thng nh hn 19,2 Kbit/s v nhng thit b u cui ng b
c tc ln n 2Mbit/s

2. Cc thu bao u cui:


Cc b tp trung: gim gi thnh khi thit k mng,hn ch thi gian tr mc
thp nht, n gin ha s vn hnh
H thng qun l mng
-iu khin ton b h thng mng: y l b phn trung tm ca chuyn mch
gi(NMS)
Gim st s khai thc cc thnh phn mng l chc nng quan trng nht
iu kin l tng NMS cn p ng nhanh, ngi qun l c thng bo theo
2 phng thc nghe nhn nm bt cc s c xy ra
Cu hnh mng cng l nhim v ca cc NMS
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3. Cc thit b PAD
L cc thit b ng gi v tch gi
Ni cc u cui NPT vomng chuyn mch gi
Cc u cui l cc thit b lm vic theo phng thc k t:tng k t truyn
c x l nh l mt n v d liu truyn
Cc thit b lm vic theo phng thc gi li x l cc gi nh l cc d liu
ring r
PAD thng c s dng u ni cc thit b u cui..
PAD cn c mt s giao tip k t bt ng b 1 pha ,bn kia l giao tip gi

IV Cc ch lm vic ca mng chuyn mch gi:


1. Khi qut chung:
Cc d liu cn pht c phn b vo cc gi nh v c truyn i trn mng.
Trong gi ngoi d liu cn c tin tc iu khin m mng yu cu nhm m bo
vic chuyn d liu t yu cu
Mi mng cn tun th cc ch lm vic nht nh
C 2 ch lm vic : ch hot ng khng to cu ni, ch lp cu

2 Ch hot ng khng to cu ni:


Mi gi thng tin s c x l c lp,c th n ch theo nhiu ng khc nhau:
datagram

3. Ch hot ng mch o
Vi ch c lp cu ( virtual circuit) cc ng ni lun l phi c thit lp
trc khi cc gi gi i
c im chnh l s nh tuyn gia cc trm c thit lp chuyn d liu
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Mi gi c m ti mi node v c sp xp truyn trn ng dy


S khc bit so vi datagram l cc node khng cn phi nh tuyn cho mi gi
tin: n ch lm 1 ln cho mi mt cuc ni

V S c v khc phc

1. Qu trnh pht tin c bn:


Dng thng tin truyn qua cc node: th t b thay i
nh th t gi: kiu hot ng gi v chuyn tip c thi tr khc nhaugi tin
nhn khng ng th t
khc phc vn ny cc gi tin phi c gn vo mt ch s th t trc khi
bt u pht qua mng
Qu trnh tp hp li gi tin v sp xp li cho ng thc hin ti cc node cui
trc khi chuyn cho host ch
Cc bo nhn ( acknowledgement) : di chuyn theo nhng tuyn khc nhau v
ngc hng vi nhng gi tin trong mng
m bo ch yu cho s trn vn v chnh xc ca d liu pht
C 2 loi giy bo: 1 bo thnh cng, 1 bo pht li

2 Cc li
nh th t gi l 1 trong cc nhim v ca giao thc mng
Kh nng khng pht hin c s mt gi v kh nng nhn i gi khi mun
truyn thnh cng
Gi tin b mt

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Nhn i gi tin:

VI ng gi thng tin:
1. Cu trc gi
khc phc cc li v truyn nhn chnh xc:cn c s phi hp vi cc chin
lc qun l ton cc:mi gi tin phi cha phn thng tin h tr gi l thng tin
dn ng ( overhead)
C nhiu dng ty thuc vo kiu mng v k thut c dng
Bn tin c chiu di L
Chia n ra thnh cc n v nh c chiu di ti a l M ( SEGMENT)
Bn trong mng trn cc ng dy cc node trao i vi nhau cc n v nh chia
t cc segment gi l gi (PACKET) c chiu di ti a l N
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Ta c LMN
Th tc mng qui nh M=N ,thuc lp giao thc 1 seg ment
c dng trn datagram
Nu M>N c nhiu th tc gi tin trn mt segment dng trong ch cu o
Trong bt k cc trng hp n v d liu m thu bao s dng giao tip vi cc
node chuyn mch l cc gi tin
Thng tin ca giao thc

2.Cc phng php kim tra li:


Mt trong nhng phng php thng c dng l CRC( Cyclic redundancy
check)

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3. Kch thc gi:


Tng tin tc cha trong cc leader ca cc segment v header ca packet l ng
k
T l phn trm ca thng tin dn ng lin quan n vic so snh hiu qu ca
k thut chuyn mch
L yu t nh hng trc tip n thi gian truyn

VII K thut ghp knh trong mng chuyn mch gi


1 k thut STDM ( statictical time-division multiplexing):do trong
TDM ng b c nhiu khe thi gian trong 1 khung b lng ph
K thut TDM bt ng b hay cn gi l ghp knh phn thi thng k: phn
phi cc khe thi gian 1 cch linh ng theo yu cu

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Cu trc frame c dng c lin quan n hot ng thng dng giao thc HDLC
khung d liu phi cha bit iu khin hot ng ghp knh
C 2 dng khung

2. Ghp knh trn mng o mng TYMNET


Da trn k thut ghp knh gi,d liu t cc trm c a vo cc b m
node theo tuyn nh
Mt gi n c truyn gia 2 gi c th cha d liu ca nhiu cu ni o
Mi node c trang b mt b nhiu buffet
Mi node gm mt vector ch s
Mt lin kt vi mt node k tip c ch nh bi 1 i vector
R0( LC)= vector c ca node cho knh C ca lin kt L
W0( LC)= vector vit ca node n cho knh C ca lin kt L

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S phn phi cc buffer v cc knh vo mt s mch o c thc hin bi node


trung tm gi l supervisor

VIII nh tuyn mng chuyn mch gi


Tm v ch con ng thch hp vn chuyn gi n ch mt cch chc chn
v trong thi gian ngn nht
C 4 loi nh tuyn c bn
1.nh tuyn lan trn gi( packet flooding)
2.nh tuyn ngu nhin( random routing).
3.nh tuyn trc tip theo danh mc khng thch ghi
4. nh tuyn trc tip theo danh mc thch ghi
1. Cc phng php nh tuyn c bn:
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1.1 nh tuyn lan trn gi ( packet flooding):


Truyn 1 ng gia ngun v ch..>m bo phn t cui cng xuyn c qua
mng
Cn tn ti 1 s khuyt im sau:
Da trn s nhn rng lu lng ti
Gia tng cng lu thng, gia tng cc im tr hon
Mi gi phi cha a ch hon chnh v thng tin nhn dng
Mi chuyn mch phi ghi li tt c cc gi m chng bt gp trong thi gian
ln

2 nh tuyn ngu nhin( random routing):


Cc gi lang thang cui cng cng n ch
Khi d liu lu thng theo cc gi trung bnh c phn phi ty thuc vo kh
nng chn la tuyn

IX iu khin lung d liu


1 khi qut :
Cn i vic truyn d liu ni pht v thu
Kh nng gim tc dng thng tin nhp t node ny sang node khc-> ngn
chn dng tc nghn nhng ni x l ti bt thng gi l iu khin lung d
liu( flow control)

2.Phng php ca s dch( slide window)


2.1 Kch thc ca s l hot ng c trng thng nht gia nh cung cp mng
v user
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2.2Hot ng ca c cu ca s iu khin lung

X Hin tng kha cht:


1 C s l thuyt ca hin tng kha cht (dead lock)
Xy ra khi mt tin trnh trong h thng b kha do i mt s kin khng th xy
ra trong vng i
c m hnh ha bi WFG ( wait for graph) th ch
Cc node ca n l tin trnh ca h thng v cc cnh ni trc tip i din cho
quan h kha gia cc tin trnh
Ngc li vi s i ti nguyn ( starvation)
Nguyn nhn: c 4 nguyn nhn chnh
1.Truy xut c quyn
2.i trong khi gi
3.No preemtion
4.Vng i( circuit wait)

2. Cch khc phc


Ngn nga
Pht hin ri khc phc
Trnh

XI Giao thc chuyn mch gi


1. Giao thc 25
1.1 Lp vt l
1.2 Lp lin kt
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1.2.1 HDLC ( HIGH DATA LINK CONTROL)


Gm cc phng thc thng tin sau
Point to point and multipoint
ng ni c ly xa v gn
Bn song cng
Tc ng qua li gia hai thit b khc cp
V tha mn nhng mc tiu sau
c lp v m , hiu qu cao, tin cy cao
1.2.2 cc kiu khung LAPB
1.3 Lp mng
M t vic gn a ch v ng gi thng tin
Ghp cc ng thng tin 1 knh thnh knh phc
Kim tra dng d liu v x l li
nh gi cc gi
Cc chc nng dng
Cc cuc gi o gia cc DTE
Ni mch o n nh
Ni mch o c gn a ch im ni im
Trao i thng tin c tnh kch c gi gia cc DTE

2.Giao thc X75


Ging giao thc X25, lin kt cc mng chuyn mch gi vi nhau, cung cp cc
tuyn chuyn s liu quc t
C cc STE ti 2 u tuyn: STEX, STEY

2.1 S phn lp giao thc X 75


2.1.1 Mc vt l : i vi k thut s:tc 64kbp,2048kpb,1544kpb, i vi tng
t:V28,V35..
2.1.2 Mc lin kt ging nh X25
2.1.3 Mc gi:- gii hn gi: bt chp hng pht
nh ngha dch v mng: tn ti gi yu cu cuc gi, gi kt ni cuc gi, gi
yu cu xa
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XII IP ( a ch ha)
1. Nguyn tc :
S a ch ha nh danh cc trm ch
( host) trong lin mng l a ch 32 bit.
c tch thnh 4 vng, ph bin l dng thp phn, c chm phn tch vng
Mc ch l nh danh cho mt host bt k
Ngi ta chia IP lm 5 lp: A,B,C,D,E

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CU HI N TP
Trng chuyn mch gi cu trc v cc hin tng

CHNG 4 : CHUYN MCH ATM


Mc ch : Qua bi ging ny,hc sinh c kh nng:
- Gii thch c cc khi nim c bn v chuyn mch ATM
- M t c h thng khi chuyn mch ny.

I C s l thuyt chung v ATM:


C 3 thnh phn quan trng trong cu hnh mng vin thng l: thit b u cui, tng
i, truyn dn
- Nguyn l c bn ca ATM l kt hp u im ca chuyn mch knh, chuyn
mch gi v ATDM( ghp knh thng k)
- Ngi ta to cc gi tin ( t bo ATM) c chun ha kch thc v format ph
hp nht,d qun l nht,hiu qu nht v tiu n gin nhT
- C cc vn quan trng sau:hiu qu truyn dn, tr,tn tht, s ton vn v
phc tp thc hin

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1.To t bo ghp knh ATM

2.

Cu trc t bo ATM

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3. ATM l phng php hng u ni,sao cho hng truyn ti thng tin
thc hin c nh thit lp knh o
C hai dng cu trc format tiu : UNI v NNI
Cc trng s liu trong tiu t bo ATM
GFC : iu khin lung chung
VCI : tn knh o
VPI : tn ng o
PT: kiu trng tin ngi dng
CLP : u tin tn tht t bo
HEC:iu khin li tiu

II Hot ng ca mng chuyn mch ATM


Thu bao ATM c th nhn c dch v qua 2 cch:qua knh o c nh PVC,
qua knh o chuyn mch SVC

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1.Mng chuyn mch c nh:

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2.Mng chuyn mch o

III Cc yu cu v cc khi chc nng chuyn mch ATM


1.C 3 yu cu c bn:
Phi c kh nng x l tc truyn tin rt khc nhau
Kh nng ghp knh thng k ca lung t bo ATM
C kh nng thc hin knh qung b v nhiu ch ,im - ni im
2. Cc khi chc nng:

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IV Cu trc ma trn v mng chuyn mch ATM

S dng 4 c ch:
Chuyn mch dng chung b nh
Chuyn mchdng chung mi trng mi gii
Chuyn mch trn c s b tr cc b m
Chuyn mch ma trn khng gian

1.Chuyn mch dng chung b nh

2. Chuyn mch dng chung mi trng mi gii ( b m)


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3.C s logic FIFO

4.Trn c s thut ton round-robin:

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CU HI N TP
1. L thuyt chung v chuyn mch ATM
2.Cu trc t bo ATM

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CHNG 5: TNG I SPC


Mc ch : Qua bi ging ny,hc sinh c kh nng:
- Gii thch c cc khi nim c bn v cc b phn cu thnh tng i
- M t c cc cch iu khin tng i
- Xc nh c cc k thut ghp knh trong tng i hin nay th gii ang s
dng.

I S KHI

Chc nng cc khi

1.Khi chuyn mch


1.1 Chc nng:thit lp tuyn ni gia 1 u vo bt k v 1 u ra bt k
1.2 Yu cu: phi c tip thng hon ton( khng vng-non blocking)
1.3 Cu to: chuyn mch c v chuyn mch s

2. Khi bo hiu
2.1 Chc nng:
Bo hiu thu bao tng i
Bo hiu tng i - thu bao
Bo hiu trung k: CAS ,CCS
2.2.Yu cu:
C kh nng tng thch vi cc tng i khc

3. Khi iu khin
3.1 Chc nng:
Phn tch x l cc thng tin t khi bo hiu a ti thit lp hoc gii phng
cuc gi
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Thc hin vic tnh cc, giao tip ngi my


Khai bo bo dng
3.2 Yu cu: tin cy cao
3.3 Cu trc : b x l , b nh , thit b ngoi vi
C cu trc tp trung ,phn tn, v hn hp
4. Ngoi vi thu bao ,trung k:
4.1 Chc nng: giao tip gia cc ng dy thu bao, gia trung k v cc khi
chuyn mch
4.2 Yu cu: c kh nng u ni thu bao , trung k khc nhau
4.3 Cu trc : ngoi vi thu bao thng l b tp trung thu bao
Ngoi vi trung k thc hin s phi hp v pha,tc , t chc cc knh thoi
II Cc khi chc nng:
1.S khi:

2. Vai tr ,cu trc v cc ng kt ni gia cc khi chc nng


2.1 Khi kt cui thu bao analog
2.2 Khi ghp knh mux
2.3 B tp trung thu bao
2.4 Thit b m bo
2.5 Thit b to xung a tn
2.6 Khi chuyn mch nhm
Thc hin chc nng thit lp cc tuyn ni khc nhau
Khi tp trung k s
Thit b thu pht bo hiu R2,CCS7
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ng ni gia b ghp knh v b tp trung thu bao(PSHW)


ng ni gia b tp trung thu bao v khi chuyn mch nhm
ng ni gia b tp trung trung k v khi chuyn mch nhm
H thng iu khin tng i
iu khin mch in thu bao

III Nguyn l hat ng ca tng i SPC


.Khi nim v qu trnh x l cuc gi: vo , ra, ni b , chuyn tip

1. i vi cuc gi ni b

Thu bao nhc my


Thu bao nghe m mi quay s
Thu bao ch quay s
iu khin trung tm phn tch cc con s thu c
Phn tch ch s tin nh, phn tch bin dch
H thng iu khin kim tra trng thi thu bao b gi
Thu bao gi nhc my v tr li, tuyn ni c thit lp
Kt thc m thoi ,1 trong 2 thu bao t my

2.i vi cuc gi ra

Thu bao nhc my


Thu bao nghe m mi quay s
Thu bao ch quay s
iu khin trung tm phn tch cc con s thu c
Phn tch ch s tin nh, phn tch tm tuyn ni thch hp
To tuyn cho cuc gi ra

3.i vi cuc gi vo, cuc gi chuyn tip


Tng i nhn bit cuc gi vo
Tng i thc hin tin phn tch,phn tch,bin dch to tuyn

CU HI N TP
Tng i SPC-s khi v nguyn l hot ng ca cc khi

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TTBGCM &T

PTCCN&DN

CHNG 6: KT CUI TNG I SPC


Mc ch : Qua bi ging ny,hc sinh c kh nng:
- Gii thch c cc khi nim c bn v cc b phn kt cui tng i
- M t c cc cch iu khin kt cui tng i
- Xc nh c cc k thut ghp knh trong kt cui tng i hin nay th gii
ang s dng.

I Kt cui thu bao tng t


1.S khi

2. Chc nng cc khi


2.1 Battery
C 2 phng php : cp ngun dng v p

2.Chc nng
bo v qu
p(o)
3.chc nng
cp dng
chung(R)

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4.Chc nng gim st (s )


5. Chc nng m ha ,gii m( c )
6. Chc nng cu sai ng (H )
7 .Chc nng kim tra o th (T )

II Kt cui thu bao s


S khi

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III Kt cui trung k tng t


1.S khi

2.Chc nng cc khi


2.1 Bo hiu
2.2 Cp ngun
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2.3 Ghp sai ng


2.4 iu khin v ghp knh

IV KT CUI TRUNG K S
1. S khi

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2. Chc nng cc khi GAZPACHO

2.1 Bin i m nh phn n cc thnh m ng dy v ngc li

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2.2 ng chnh khung

2.3 Chn tch cc thng tin bo hiu knh ring CAS


Bo hiu ng
Tin trnh bo hiu ghi pht
Chn thng tin thng bo thng tin
CU HI N TP
Chc nng hot ng ca kt cui trung k s v tng t

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TTBGCM &T

PTCCN&DN

CHNG 7 :TNG I EWSD


Mc ch : Qua bi ging ny,hc sinh c kh nng:
- Gii thch c cc khi nim c bn v cc b phn cu thnh tng i
- M t c cc cch iu khin tng i
- Xc nh c cc k thut ghp knh trong tng i hin nay th gii ang s
dng.

I S khi:

Khithm
thmnhp
nhp
Khi
DLU
DLU

DLUC
DLUC

Khibo
bohiu
hiu
Khi
knhchung
chung
knh

Khiiu
iukhi
khi
Khi

LTG
LTG
LTG
LTG

GP
GP

Chuynmch
mch
Chuyn
SN
SN

GP
GP

CCNC
CCNC
CCNP
CCNP

CCNC
CCNC

EM
EM
CP
CP
OMT
OMT

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MB
MB

SGC
SGC

CCG
CCG

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II Cc Thnh Phn Ca Tng i EWSD


1.n v ng dy s DLU ( Digital Line Unit )
DLU: l phn giao din kt ni thu bao nh: thu bao tng t, thu bao s, thu bao
cng cng dng tin xu, giao din V5.1

Mt DLU c th ni vi LTG bng 1, 2, 3 v 4 lung PCM 2Mbit/s. V l do an


tan mi DLU c th ni n 2 LTG theo phng thc ni cho.
DLU c th lp t ni b hoc xa.
n v ng dy s DLU c chc nng kt ni thu bao v tp trung thu
bao hoc tp trung lu thoi

2. Nhm ng dy trung k LTG ( Line Trunk Group

Nhm LTG dng :


Kt ni DLU ni i hoc DLU xa
Kt ni tng i PABX
Kt ni AN ( Acess Network ) bng giao din V5.
Kt ni vi bn in thoi vin cho tng i 108,101
Kt ni mng trung k lin i hoc quc t.
Kt ni vi cc thit b thng bo ( DAS hoc INDAS )
Bn trong i LTG ni vi c 2mng chuyn mch SN0 v SN1.
LTG bao gm cc thnh phn sau: SU ( Signaling Unit ): n v bo hiu, GS
( Group Switch ): iu khin chuyn mch nhm, SPMX( Speech Multiplexer ):
ghp knh tn hiu bo hiu,GP: b x l nhm( b no ca LTG).

3. Mng chuyn mch SN ( Switch Network)


Gm nhng tng khuch i khng gian v thi gian lm nhim v kt ni cuc
gi, kt ni bn tin bo hiu CCS7 v kt ni bn tin lin lc gi cc khi x l
bn trong i.
Tng chuyn mch thi gian
Tng chuyn mch khng gian

4.n v iu khin mng bo hiu knh chung CCNC


C nhim v iu khin v x l bo hiu CCS7 bn trong mt tng i v gi
i vi mng phc v cho qu trnh x l cuc gi bng bo hiu knh chung
CCNC gii quyt chc nng ca MTP ( Message Transfer Par )
5. B m bn tin MB ( Message Buffer)
L b phn thuc CP, c nhim v iu khin vic trao i bn tin, cc tng
thut, cc lnh gia cc b x l vi nhau phc v cho vic x l cuc gi, bo
dng v bo an h thng.

6. B pht xung ng b trung tm CCG


B pht xung ng b trung tm l b phn thuc CP. Cc b phn trong cng
mt tng i phi hot ng ng b th thng tin lin lc mi c thng sut
trn ton h thng.
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m bo c iu ny tng i EWSD dng b pht xung ng h CCG


cung cp xung ng h cho h thng vi chnh xc cao.

7. Bng cnh bo SYP ( System Panel )


L mt b phn thuc CP. Trong qu trnh vn hnh v bo dng tng i, tt c
cc s c phn cng, phn mm v cc cnh bo v: nhit , bo khi, bo
chy u c hin th trn bng cnh bo h thng bng tn hiu n v ci
khc nhau ty theo lai v mc nng nh ca cnh bo gip nhn vin khai
thc gim st c tan b tnh trng ca h thng.

8.

B x l iu phi CP
L b phn u no ca tng i, thc hin cc nhim v chnh ca b x l iu
phi v x l cuc gi. Ngai ra n cn thc hin cc chng trnh bo dng v
bo an h thng, ghi cc.

9.

Nhng giao tip bn ngoi

10.

Cc ng dy thu bao.
ng truy cp c s ISDN.
ng trung k s.
ng trung k Analog.
Mng s liu ( S liu gi trong nhng dch v gia tng VAS ).
Trung tm vn hnh v bo dng

Giao tip bn trong

ng truyn PDC 2,048 Mbit/s ( 30 knh thai, mt knh bo hiu, ni DLU


n LTG )
ng truyn SDC 8,192 Mbit/s ni gia LTG v SN. CCNC c kt ni n
SN bng SDC. CCNC ni n CP dng giao tip song song.

11. Vic truyn s liu t CP n LTG


n LTG bng ng xuyn qua mng SN.
Lnh gi n cc SGC cng bng mt knh 64 Kbit/s ca SDC.
ng truyn s vi tc s cp ( PDC: Primary Digital Carriers ) c th ti
nhiu knh thai hoc s liu trn cng mt ng ni. Trn ng PDC, vn tc
truyn 2048 Kbit/s. Mi ng PDC c th ti 3 knh, vn tc truyn trn mi
knh l 64 Kbit/s.
ng truyn s th cp SDC ( SDC: Secondary Digital Carriers ) c vn tc
truyn mi knh l 64 Kbit/s

III ng dng tng i EWSD


EWSD Dng Lm Tng i Ni Ht
EWSD Dng Lm Tng i Qu Giang
EWSD Dng Lm Tng i Hn Hp
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EWSD Dng Lm Tng i Ca Ng Quc T


EWSD Dng Lm Tng i Nng Thn V Container

IV Cc khi chc nng trong tng i EWSD VERSION.10


1. n v giao tip ng dy s DLU (DIGITAL LINE UNIT)

2. S khi DLU

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V Chc Nng Ca Tng B Phn


1. Module ng dy thu bao:
SLMA: SLM Analog Module ng dy tng t.
Mi SLMA c 8 mch ng dy thu bao, c iu khin bi SLMCP(SLM
Control Processor )

2. SLMA c cc chc nng :

3.

Gi tn hiu chung.
Nhn xung quay s.
Chuyn tn hiu DTMF nhn t thu bao.
Ngn cch dng DC vi tn hiu thoi.
M ha v gii m tn hiu thai.
Giao tip vi lung 4096 kbit/s.

Chc nng ca SLMA

M ha/gii m tn hiu thoi, bin i 2 dy thnh 4 dy, giao tip mng iu


khin v mng 4Mbit/s.
o th kt ni gia ng dy thu bao v mch ng dy thu bao.
4. Mch in thu bao c cc chc nng bo m cc tiu chun BORSCHT
Batery
Overvoltage Protectinon
Ringing
Signaling
Coding
Hybrid 2/4 Wire

Testing
5. SLMD ( Subseriber Line Module Digital )
SLMD dng kt ni ng dy s. Mi SLMD c 8 mch thu
bao s v c iu khin bi mt b x l.
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Thng qua NT ( Network Terminal ) mi SLCD cung c mt Ba
( Basic Access ) cho cc thit b u cui ISDN.
D liu truyn gia NT v SLCD bng cp i xng c tc 160
Kbit/s trong 144 Kbit/s l tin tc ngi dng v 16 Kbit/s dng
cho ng b, gim st v chun on.

6.

Cc chc nng ca SLMD


Trit ting di.
Sp xp cc thng tin n t thu bao thng qua knh B1
v B2 thnh cc khe thi gia cho lung 4096 Kbit/s.
Sp xp cc thng tin nhn t cc khe thi gian ca lung
4096 Kbit/s cho cc knh B1 v B2
SLMD dng kt ni n ng dy thu bao s. Giao
tip ng dy thu bao Bin i 2 dy thnh 4 dy.
Bin i tt c cc m thng tin khc thnh m nh phn v
ngc li.
Truyn bo hiu trn knh D.

7.

Card thu bao s SLMD

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8. ng truyn gia DLU v LTG

9. Nhim v ca DIUD
Nhn v chuyn cc thng tin thoi t v n SLM.
Ly ra cc thng tin iu khin cho DLUC t knh 16 ca PDC do LTGB gi n
v np cc thng tin iu khin vo knh 16 ca PDC ri gi n LTGB.
Dng cc tn hiu t PDC cho vic ng b xung ng h.
Thc hin vic kim tra gim st v d tm li.

10. n v giao tip dng cho DLU trong i

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11. RGMG - Ringing Generator Metering Generator

VI Nhm ng dy trung k LTG


Chc nng x l cuc gi
Chc nng bo an
Chc nng iu hnh

1.S khi

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2. Mng chuyn mch SN v cc giao din giao tip bn ngoi

3. Cn c vo dung lng lp t ca tng i m ngi ta thit k mng


chuyn mch vi:
SN(B): 504 LTG: kt ni c 504 LTG.
SN(B): 252 LTG: kt ni c 252 LTG.
SN(B): 126 LTG: kt ni c 126 LTG.
SN(B): 63 LTG: : kt ni c 63 LTG.

4. Mng chuyn mch c lp rp di dng module


Module giao tip gia TSM v LTG ( LIL ).
Module tng thi gian: TSM ( Time Stage Module ).
Module giao tip giaTSG v SSG ( LIS ).
Module tng khng gian 8/15 ( SSM8/15 Space Stage Module 8/15).
Module tng khng gian 16/16 ( SSM16/16 Space Stage Module 16/16 ).
5. n v iu khin mng bo hiu knh chung CCNC (COMMON
CHANEL SIGNALING NETWORK CONTROL

6. Bng n cnh bo SYP ( SYSTEM PANEL )


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7. Cc loi CP c s dng trong h thng tng i EWSD

8.1 CP113 c th lm vic theo phng thc n hoc a phng thc


Gm cc n v chc nng sau :
Ti a 16 b x l
Hai h ng BUS (B:CMY Bus Common Memory)
Hai b nh chung (CMY Common Memory)
Quan h BUS(B:CMY) cc b x l c th:
Truy cp b nh chung CMY
Hai h BUS chuyn cng mt ni dung tin tc n c hai kho d
liu
8.2 S khi CP113

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9. Quy trnh x l cuc gi

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9.1 Quy trnh x l cuc gi ni i Khi thu bao B nhc my

9.2 Quy trnh gii ta cuc gi

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9.3 Quy trnh thit lp cuc gi lin i

10.

Phn mm tng i EWSD

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11. Cu trc phn mm ca b x l iu phi

CU HI N TP
1.S khi v nguyn l hot ng ca cc khi
2. Cu trc phn mm ca b x l iu phi

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TI LIU THAM KHO


TI LIU CHNH
GIO TRNH CHUYN MCH NXB TCCN&DN B GD&T
TI LIU C THM

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