Bo co Cng ngh sn xut Surimi

GVHD : Ths.Trn Trng V

MC LC Trang
Phn1 : Tng quan v Surimi .............................................................................................3 1.1. nh ngha.....................................................................................................4 1.2. Lch s pht trin v trin vng ca Surimi......4 1.3. Ngun nguyn liu sn xut surrimi:................................................................5 1.2.1. Mt s loi c dng sn xut surimi....................................................5 1.2.2. Cc cht ph gia v gia v....................................................................6 1.4. Li ch t sn xut surimi :................................................................................8 1.5. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th surimi:................................................................9 Phn 2 : Quy trnh sn xut :..............................................................................................10 2.1. Quy trnh sn xut surimi t c nhm:.............................................................12 2.1.1 c im nguyn liu.13 2.1.2. Quy trnh sn xut.14 2.1.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh :..................................................................................15 2.2. Tiu chun sn phm :......................................................................................20 2.2.1. Ch tiu cm quan:.........................................................................................20 2.2.2. Ch tiu ha hc.21 2.2.3. Ch tiu vi sinh :............................................................................................21 Phn 3 : Mt s thit b chnh :..........................................................................................23 Phn 4 : Cc yu t nh hng n qui trnh :...................................................................26 4.1. nh hng ca yu t Nguyn liu...27 4.2. nh hng ca yu t cng ngh:.....................................................................27 Phn 5 : Mt s sn phm ch bin sn phm t surimi:...................................................28

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Ti tiu tham kho chnh: Gio trnh CH BIN SN PHM THY SN C GI TR GIA TNG Tp 1 Ca GS TS Trn Th Luyn. nm 1996 V cc ti liu khc : Trn Trng Luyn , 1994 : Bo co ti khoa hc. nghin cu hon thin quy trnh sn xut surimi v cc sn phm m phng. Nguyn Trng Luyn, Minh Phng : Cng ngh ch bin thy sn tp 1

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PHN 1 : TNG QUAN V SURIMI

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1.1. nh ngha : Surimi l mt t ca Nht Bn ch nhng sn phm tht ca c c tch xng, xay nhuyn, ra bng nc v phi trn vi cc cht chng bin tnh do ng lnh c th bo qun c lu nhit ng lnh. N ging nh c xay ca nhiu nc v ch c ca Vit Nam. Hay ni cch khc Surimi l tht c ra sch , nghin nh , khng c mi v v mu sc c trng , c kt dnh vng chc , l mt ch phm bn thnh phm , l mt cht nn protein 1.2. Lch s pht trin ca Surimi 1.2.1 Th gii : Nghnh cng nghip surimi thay i ng k trong thp k qua. S gim st trong ma thu hoch alacka Pollock do qun l thy sn cht ch hn, t mt v thu hoch cao 6,76 triu tn trong 1997 cho n nam 2000 ch cn di 3 triu tn, m ra cnh ca cho vic s dng cc loi c mi trong nghnh cng nghip surimi. ng Nam bt u m rng bng cch s dng c threadfin bream lm surimi. Loi c ny hin nay chim hn 25% tng lng sn xut surimi. Cng ngh mi cng m ng cho cc ngun lc mi c s dng lm nguyn liu cho surimi. V d: vic s dng thuc c ch protease lm gia tng cc loi c c th sn xut surimi, chng hn nh loi c thu Thi Bnh Dng m trc khng th s dng sn xut surimi. Cc nh khoa hc cng nghin cu thnh cng vic sn xut surimi cp thp (chc nng gel protein thp hn, mu sm hn) t cc ging c nhit i v c b mt v phi trn vo surimi t alacka Pollock to hng v cho surimi thay v hon ton l c alacka Pollock.

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Cc th trng quc t nh hng ln n sn xut surimi thay i. s rt lui dn ca nhng con tu surimi Nht Bn t bin bering gy ra nhng thay i trong nghnh cng nghip kamaboko ca Nht Bn v cng to ra nhng thch thc c hi mi. Trong sut nhng nm 1990, sn lng surimi trn th gii dao ng t 450000 n 550000 tn. gn y sn lng surimi tng nh v t 600000 tn. khong tng ny ch yu do sn xut surimi t cc ging c nhit i t ng Nam v cc ging c b mt t Nam M. s sn xut surimi t alacka Pollock n nh sau khi gim ng k vo nhng nm 1990. th k XXI vic qun l thy sn v thy sn bn vng th c ch trng. s c s quan tm ng k v nh gi ngun nguyn liu, nh bt, bo tn, s dng ti a nhng g thu hoch c cng nh nhn mnh mt s vn sinh thi. 1.2.2 Vit nam : Cng ngh sn xut surimi v cc sn phm m phng Vit Nam cn rt non tr v mt k thut, chng loi mt hng, my mc thit b. x nghip sn xut surimi u tin nc ta l cng ty xut nhp khu thy sn bacifood - B Ra Vng Tu. Nhng mi n nm 1997 cng ty mi i vo sn xut cc mt hng gi tm, cua t surimi c mi xut sang Nam Triu Tin. Bn cnh cng ty xut nhp khu thy sn C Mau cng bt u sn xut surimi t nm 1995 Vic pht trin nghnh cng ngh sn xut surimi v cc sn phm m phng t surimi s gp phn khng nh vo chin lc khai thc , s dng hiu qu ti nguyn bin, nng cao kh nng tha mn nhu cu ca nhn nhn. Bn cnh y cn l ngun ngoi t khng nh cho s pht trin kinh t t nc. 1.3. Ngun nguyn liu sn xut surrimi: 1.2.1. Mt s loi c dng sn xut surimi : Ngun nguyn liu dng sn xut surimi rt a dng v phong ph, t cc loi c sng tng y n cc loi c sng tng ni, t cc loi c c kch thc ln n cc loi c c kch thc nhNhng xu hng chung nht c th ni l surimi c sn

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kinh t hn.

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xut t c km gi tr kinh t, do vic sn xut surimi cng c ngha khoa hc v Hin nay trn th gii, phn nguyn liu ch yu sn xut surimi l nhng loi c thuc h c tuyt. Nht 95% surimi c sn xut t c Mintai. cc nc cng nghip pht trin khc, surimi c sn xut t nhiu loi c nh: c Mintai, c tuyt i dng, c thuc cc h: Micropogon, Pseudosciaena, Parophrys, Microstoruns spp., Bothidae v Pleuronectidae. Mt khi lng kh ln surimi c sn xut t c Xek Thi bnh dng v i ty dng Surimi sn xut t c tht trng, c gy c cht lng hn c bo. Cc loi c nh: c tuyt, c lc, c ng, c , c mi, c mt king Nhng nguyn liu tim nng c th c s dng v ch bin surimi cn l c trch, c nc, c nhm, c h, c urophycis v c brevoortis v rt nhiu loi c tp khc thng gp trong cc m li khi khai thc tm. Nhng loi c ni ch yu c nghin cu em vo ch bin surimi: c thu, c nc, c Sacdine, c trng Nhiu nh sn xut rt quan tm n vic s dng c nhm v tht c hm lng m cao. n , ng nam , Nhtc nhm l i tng khai thc quan trng. Hng nm sn lng khai thc c nhm n ti 600.000 tn. Cc nh nghin cu Nht Bn coi c nhm l ngun nguyn liu tim nng ch bin surimi. Nhng loi c nhm dng lm nguyn liu sn xut surimi l: Musteus nanazo, Glyphis glaucus, Squalus fernadinus, Sphyrau zygaena, Lamudia tropis, Playtlyna sinensis, Centropfous atroarnates, Jsurus glaucus,..

C tuyt

C Trch

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1.2.2. Cc cht ph gia v gia v : 1.2.2.1 Cht ph gia : Cc mui phosphate: Khi thm cc phosphate vo thc phm lm cho sn phm gi c tt hn cc tnh cht dinh dng ca chng, lm cho qu trnh ch bin chng c d dng hn, dng sn phm d hp th hn. Cc phosphate trong khi ch bin, lm tng mc gi nc, gim mt nc khi gia nhit, duy tr mu sc t nhin ca sn phm. Cc loi phosphate c s dng c th c tnh axit, trung tnh hay kim, chng nng cao v n nh kh nng gi m ca tht c m khng lm bin i ng k pH v khng lm gim gi tr cc ch tiu cm quan ca sn phm. Trong vic sn xut Surimi, thng s dng Na2HPO4.12H2O lm tng tnh trng n, tnh ngm nc, tnh kt dnh. Tinh bt : Tinh bt l mt polysaccacrit, ch yu c trong ht ha tho, trong c, thn cy v l cy. Tinh bt c tc dng lm tng lc n hi v chc ca sn phm, to do dai cho thc phm khi s dng mc nht nh. Lng tinh bt nhiu s lm cho sn phm b kh v mt i tnh cht c trng. Lng s dng t 3-5%. Gelatin : Gelatin c ch bin t da ng vt.

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Gelatin c s dng trong cng ngh sn xut Surimi lm tc nhn keo ha, nng cao nht ca sn phm v c tc dng lm bn th gel n hi ca chng. Nu t l gelatin nhiu s lm mu sc Surimi xu i v khi dng hp chn sn phm tr nn kh cng. 1.2.2.2 Cht iu v : ng : Tng gi tr dinh dng cho thc phm. To cho thc phm c v ngt du. Tc dng vi cc axit amin trong qu trnh ch bin to phn ng melanoidin, quinolamin lm cho sn phm c mu p, mi thm khi gia nhit. Nng ng cao c tc dng bo qun thc phm. ng c kh nng gi nc cho sn phm. Natri glutamate (m chnh, bt ngt) :

Natri glutamate l mui ca axit glutamic mt axit amin quan trng tham gia cu to nn protit ca ngi v ng vt. Natri glutamate va to v ngt m cho thc phm li va cung cp mt thnh phn hu c cho thc phm Mui n : y l cht v quan trng, n to cho thc phm v m . Thc phm c v mn va phi l c t 1,52% mui n. Ngoi ra cn c nc mm, t, tiu, V cc cht nh : Cht nhm mu: c chit rt t t nhin nh cc loi tri cy, v qu, v cy, r cy, ... Cht thm : nh ti, hnh, gng, S, hi, u khu, inh hng, nhc qu, ... Cht chng thi v st khun: nhm hn ch s bin i v cht ca thc phm do tc dng ca vi sinh vt,bng cavh1 dit khun v lm ngng hot ng ca vi khun.Cc cht ny c gii hn v lng s dngv c kh nng gy c. 1.4. Li ch t sn xut surimi :

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Surimi qui t c cc u im m khng thc phm no c c, l: Hm lng protein cao, lipit thp, khng c cholesterol v gluxit, c th con ngi d hp th. Protein ca Surimi c kh nng trn ln vi cc loi protit khc, nng cao cht lng ca cc loi tht khi trn ln vi tht b, tht heo hay tht g c bit, Surimi c tnh cht to thnh khi do, mi v v mu sc trung ha, nn t cht nn Surimi ngi ta c th ch bin ra cc sn phm m phng c gi tr cao nh: tm, cua, tht, s, ip, xc xch Tn dng c ngun nguyn liu c nh khng c gi tr ch bin Ty theo loi c dng lm Surimi v dng Surimi mong mun m Surimi c thnh phn dinh dng khc nhau. Gi tr dinh dng ca surimi c th hin trong bng sau : Protein(%) 16 Lipit(%) 0.2 Nc(%) 75 Gluxit(%) 0 Cholesterol(%) 0

1.4. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th surimi: Theo thng k mi nht ca FAO, sn lng surimi trn th gii nm 2004 t khong 860.000 1.150.000 tn Cc nc sn xut surimi nh M, Thi Lan ,Nht Bn ,Trung Quc,Vit Nam,n , Malaixia, Innxia, Mianma; chentina, Chile,Pru,Php Mc tiu th cc sn phm surimi cc nc l rt khc nhau, Nht Bn l khong 4,7 kg/ngi/nm, nhng mt s nc li l 0 kg

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PHN 2 :QUY TRNH SN XUT

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C 2 phng php ch bin Surimi : Nhm qui trnh cng ngh sn xut Surimi c qua bc ra tht c xay nhuyn. y l qui trnh c u im hn c. Bc ra tht c xay ng vai tr quan C nguyn trng nng cao cht lng ca Surimi. Qu liu trnh ra kh i thnh phn ha tan (protein, axit amin, cc cht ngm ra), cc thnh phn ha tan ny gy cn tr cho vic Ra c bng nc hnh thnh mng li gel Surimi sau ny. iu quan trng l khu ra s kh i cholesterol, cc cht gy mi kh chu v lm cho Surimi c ci thin v mu sc, mi Cht u m bng c - Ra li c cht u v.Nn Surimi ng vai tr l cht lm ne6n2cho nhiu sn phm thc phm khc nhau. T l sn phm thu c l : 22xng 33%trn so vi nguyn liu.tht xng Lc tht khi my phn tch S QUI TRNH CNG NGH: Ra tht c 3 ln lin tip Lm ro nc tht c Cho tht c qua mt sng mn tch xng vy cn li v mng en Trn tht nhuyn vi ph gia lm bn trong my nghin

Nhm 11

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Bo co Cng ngh sn xut Surimi

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Chy Block c bng t ng tip xc Bao gi Block ng trong bao b v bo qun lnh Nhm qui trnh cng ngh C snnguyn xut Surimi liu khng ra tht c xay nhuyn. S QUI TRNH CNG NGH: Ra c bng nc Cht u m bng c - Ra li c cht u Lc tht khi xng trn my phn tch tht xng Cho tht c qua mt sng mn tch xng vy cn li v mng en Trn tht nhuyn vi ph gia lm bn trong my nghin Cutter khng n Bao gi nh lng c xay thnh phm trong ti nilon v xp nh hnh Chy Block c bng t ng tip xc Bao gi Block ng trong bao b v bo qun lnh

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Phng php ny c nhc im cho sn phm cht lng khng cao do mi tanh v mu sc tht c khng p, gi thnh bn ra thp mc d hm lng cht dinh dng v t l thnh phm so vi nguyn liu c cao hn qui trnh qua cc bc ra, hm lng cholesterol cn cao. 2.1. Qui trnh sn xut Surimi t c Nhm : 2.1.1. c im nguyn liu : C Nhm thuc mt trong cc i tng c khai thc t lu. Hin nay, cc vng bin trn th gii c ti hn 300 loi c Nhm. Vit Nam cho n nay, pht trin trn 50 loi, trong nhng loi in hnh sn lng cao l: c mp M Lai, c Nhm tro v c Nhm co. Chng phn b rng khp vnh Bc B, Qung Ninh, t Sn ti Nam H, Khnh Ha, Phan Thit Ma v ch yu vnh Bc B t thng 8 nm trc n thng 2 nm sau, min Trung v vnh Thi Lan t thng 2 n thng 7. S dng tht c Nhm sn xut surimi l iu ht sc c ch v hm lng m thp, t l tht fillet kh cao. V cng ngh c nhng thun li ng k l do chng khng c xng dm, nn vic tch xng d thc hin, kh nng n hi ca sn phm tt, gi nguyn liu r. Cc nh nghin cu Nht Bn cho thy rng t l thnh phm trn nguyn liu khong 33,755%. Cc loi c Nhm c gi tr cao sn xut surimi l: Squalusfeznadicus, Sphirenzugaen, Lameditopis, Playrhinasinendis, Centrofousatromarpatar. Cc loi c Nhm km gi tr: Isrusglauccus, Phinotabiosliclip, Carchohynus gengeticu.

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Hn ch ln nht ca vic dng c Nhm sn xut surimi l hm lng ure trong tht c cao (12%), gy cho sn phm c mi khai. kh chng ngi ta da vo mt s phng php, phng php n gin nht l ra c xay bng nc hoc bng dung dch mui long nhiu ln. Amoniac trong tht c Nhm c th x l bng axit long kh ure. Mt s nc, trn c xay nh vi men phn hy ure, sau kh amoniac sn sinh ra bng cch ra nc lnh. Qua nghin cu cho thy vic dng axit axetic long (dm) kh mi khai cho c Nhm em li hiu qu cao. Hiu qu kh tanh khai ph thuc vo nhiu yu t: nhit , thi gian, nng cht kh mi, dy tht c v loi c

Nguyn liu

Ra 1
2.1.2. Qui trnh sn xut :

X l

Xay nh

Ra 2

p tch nc

Phi trn gia v Nghin trn

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nh hnh

Cp ng

Bo co Cng ngh sn xut Surimi

GVHD : Ths.Trn Trng V

2.1.3. Thuyt minh qui trnh : Nguyn liu : Chn cc loi c Nhm c cht lng tt, cha c du hiu n thi, n hi c tht cao. Nguyn liu phi c bo qun nhit t 5 - 10 oC trc khi ch bin. ti ca nguyn liu c rt quan trng t c hiu qu ch bin cao nht. Nu c khng cn ti, ngha l c , ang b phn hy bi cc enzyme, trong c bit l cc enzyme protease trong rut c s ct nh cc chui protein, khin cho sn phm khng c kh nng kt dnh, to cu trc tt nh nguyn liu c ti. Bn cnh , cc enzyme cn phn gii ATP to hypoxathine (Hx) c v ng. Trimetylaminoxit (TMAO) b kh to thnh trimetylamin c mi thy sn n hng. Tt c nhng bin i v mu sc, mi v v quan trng nht l cu trc ca c khng ti u lm gim cht lng ca surimi thnh phm. Do , c c thnh phm surimi vi cht lng tt nht, ta cn phi dng nguyn liu c ti. Nht, sn phm Surimi trong cc nh my c gi tr rt cao. Mi loi phi c x l da trn gi tr ca n. Cht lng nguyn liu c nh hng rt ln n gi tr cm quan v tnh cht ha hc ca sn phm. C ti ch bin thch hp hn, to ra sn phm t mu v cc lin kt ca m c hnh thnh gel tt hn. Khi c c hm lng nc thp

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v protein cao ngha l chu k ra t. pH thp c xu hng to gel bn hn nhng nc d dng tch ra trong qu trnh ch bin. C sau giai on t cng, pH bt u tng cao, kh nng gi nc tt v gel tr nn mm. Ra 1 Mc ch : loi b tp cht, VSV bn ngoi thn c, lm cho nguyn liu c sch s trnh s ly nhim vi sinh vt vo surimi sau ny. Cch tin hnh: C nguyn liu c ra sch bng nc c pha chlorine 20 ppm . t c di vi nc, dng bn ch c ra tht k cho n khi sch nht bn l c. X l Mc dch: tch tht c ra khi xng v da. Cch tin hnh : Bc 1 :t c ln tht u quay v pha phi, nu ngi thun tay phi v ngc li. Sau nghing dao v pha phi hp vi phn u khong 30 0, rch mt ng t trn xung ti ui. Bc 2 : Lch mi dao sang phn bng c tch phn tht bng (phn d c). Bc 3: Tay tri cm phn tht u ca c ko ngc v pha sau, tay phi cm dao tch tip nhng ming tht cn dnh li xng. Tng t cho bn cn li ta c hai ming fillet cho mt con c. C sau khi fillet xong c cho vo r trn bn, phn u v xng cn li cho vo st hoc thng nha bn cnh di nn v c chuyn ra bn ngoi vi tn sut khng qu 30 pht/ ln. Dao dng fillet phi sc bn, vt liu phi bng inox khng g, cn dao bng nha. Tht bng nha. Vt ct thng, nhn, b mt ming c lng khng c vt try xc. Khng lm rch tht hoc phm tht ming fillet. Yu cu: thao tc phi nhanh : trn thn c khng cn da v xng.

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Lu : Vi sn phm surimi c chun b t tht c c fillet sn s cho sn phm c cht lng n nh hn. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh chun b tht phi l, hiu sut thu hi tht s gim do mt phn tht cn dnh li cc phn xng. Vic s dng tht c cn nguyn xng s lm cho sn phm surimi c cht lng km hn. Bi v trong qu trnh p ly tht c dch lng trong cc t bo thn kinh, ty v cc thnh phn cn st li trn xng nh l lch, thn, rut, d dy rt giu enzym gy bin tnh protein, mc d qu trnh ra c th loi cc enzym ny nhng khng trit . B li hiu sut thu hi tht trong trng hp ny cao hn. Cc khu x l phi nhanh tay, ngay sau khi x l cn c t trong nc lnh, nhm gim ti thiu s hot ng ca cc enzyme gy nh hng xu ti cht lng sn phm. Xay nh: Mc ch: lm v t bo to iu kin cho qu trnh ra: ha tan cc cht gy cn tr kh nng to gel surimi, kh i mt s lng ln lipit, cht mu, cht gy mi tanh khai Ra tht c xay Ra l giai on quan trng nht ca tin trnh sn xut surimi Mc ch : loi b tp cht, ni tng,vi khun v VSV bm trn ming c Fillet. c bit ra c nhm loi b: + Protein ha tan, mui khong . + Cc enzyme thy phn protein lm nh hng xu n gi tr cm quan ca sn phm surimi + Cht mi, mu cc sn phm phn hy gy mi tanh khai + Lipid trong c xay.

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cht ca protein. + Kh tanh

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+ Cht mang oxy trong hng cu gy nn s oxy ha cht bo lm bin i tnh

+ Ra s lm cho nng actin v myosin tng, gip gel hnh thnh tt Cch tin hnh :

+ Mi ln ra phi c thc hin nhanh trong khong 5 10 pht, t l nc ra vi c khong 3:1 hoc 4:1 s cho kt qu cao, nhit nc ra thng khong 0 5 oC ngn chn s bin tnh ca protein(v nhit thp ny, cc t bo s co li mnh to iu kin y cc protein cht c ra ngoi, ng thi lm v hot cc enzyme ). Qu trnh ra c lp li 2 3 ln. Ra 12 ln bng dung dch nc ra c nng acid axetic 0.15%, t l tht/ dung dch ra l 1/6, thi gian ra l 30 pht. Sau , lm ro s b. Ra ln 3: nc ra l nc thng, thi gian ra l 10 pht. Trong qu trnh ra tht c lun lun c khuy o vi tc mt gii hn nht nh tng cng qu trnh ha tan. Cht lng nc ra rt quan trng nh khi pH cao s lm tng kh nng gi nc. Nc cng vi s hin din ca ion Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+ s nh hng n cu trc v mu sc ca sn phm. p tch nc: Mc ch: nhm duy tr m thch hp cho Surimi , loi b nc tha v lm tng s do dai cho surimi. ( m ca tht tng t 80-82% n 90-92% sau khi ra nhiu ln, bi vy cn thit phi loi b nc d tha )

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t,

GVHD : Ths.Trn Trng V

lm gim hm lng nc ca tht c cn khong 80 85% so vi trng lng Trong qu trnh p tch nc mt phn nhng cht c kh nng ha tan trong nc (protein, khong) s b tht thot. Sau khi ra xong, tht c c ro nc t nhin 34 pht. Sau , gi tht c vo vi mn (4 lp), t vo khun hnh vung c kch thc 8 x 8 x 8 cm, b mt p di l tm li bng kim loi, mt trn c t mt tm g hnh vung, c th trt dc theo thnh khun, vt nng c khi lng 20 kg p trong thi gian 15 pht.

Phi trn cc cht ph gia: Mc ch: tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm, tng gel ca Surimi, to s ng nht gia tht c v gia v chun b cho giai on nh hnh. Ty theo yu cu ca khch hng m c nhng cng thc phi trn khc nhau T l cc cht ph gia so vi tht c l: Tinh bt: 3 % Gelatin: 0,2 % Photphat natri (Na2HPO4.12H2O): 0.3 % Cch pha ch: Gelatin ha vo nc nng thnh dung dch 10 %, trn u cc cht cn li, sau trn u hn hp ph gia vi tht c. Trong qu trnh phi trn c s gia tng nhit . V vy, cn phi b sung nc xay nhuyn hoc nc lnh vo nhm lm gim nhit sn phm. Nhit thp lm cho cu trc tht c co li v sn phm dai hn. Nghin gi: Cng an ny quyt nh ti s to gel ca surimi. Mc ch: lm bin tnh Protein v xut hin cc lin kt gel Surimi, to bn do dai ca sn phm.

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Bo co Cng ngh sn xut Surimi

gi vi tc u n trong 15 n 20 pht. .nh hnh:

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Sau khi nghin trn u tht c vi cc cht ph gia, cho hn hp vo ci nghin

Cho lng sn phm vo khun c chun b sn nh hnh, hnh dng khun ty thuc vo yu cu ca khch hng. Mc ch: to hnh dng p cho sn phm ng thi thc hin qu trnh Suvari trong tht c, tc l hnh thnh cu trc dng li (to gel) tng i bn vng. Tht c sau khi nghin gi, cho lng sn phm vo khun c chun b sn nh hnh, hnh dng khun ty thuc vo yu cu ca khch hng. cho vo ti PE hn ch vi sinh vt xm nhp v trnh s tip xc ca khng kh. Xp nh hnh trong thi gian 2 gi nhit bnh thng (2535oC). Cp ng Mc ch: ko di thi gian bo qun t 6 12 thng. Cho khi tht c vo t ng tip xc, nhit t -35 n -40 oC, sao cho tm sn phm t nhit -15oC trong khong thi gian 4 5 gi, surimi c ng kt li di dng Block. Qu trnh bo qun v vn chuyn surimi phi c duy tr trng thi lnh, nhit khong -25oC. Bao gi Cc Block Surimi kt ng c bao gi trong ti PE hn kn ming, Cho vo thng carton, Bo qun: Bo qun trong kho lnh nhit -18 -22oC. 2.3. Tiu chun sn phm : Bao gm cc ch tiu ; Cm quan Ha hc

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Vi sinh 2.3.1 Ch tiu cm quan :

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Tt 1 2 3 4 5

Ch tiu Cc vt l c trong surimi Mu sc Mi V Trng thi

Yu cu Khng Mu nht n khng mu Khng mi Khng v hoc c v c trng nh Lin kt bn cht, do dai v n hi

2.3.2 Ch tiu ha hc Tt 1 2 3 4 5 6 Protein Lipide Glucide Cholesterol m pH 2.3.3 Ch tiu v vi sinh Ni chung surimi thnh phm dng ng Block phi m bo yu cu v vi sinh nh i vi bt k sn phm ng lnh no. Ch tiu Yu cu(%) 16 0.2 0 0 70-80 6.5 - 7.5

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TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ch tiu Chun b mu Tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh Coliforms Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella Bacillus cereus Clostridium perfringens TCVN 4884 : 05 TCVN 6848 : 01 TCVN 5155 : 90 TCVN 4830-1 : 05 TCVN 4829 : 01

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Phng php th TCVN 7047 : 2002

106/g 102/g 102/g 102/g 0/25g 102/g 10/g

3350/2001/Q-BYT 3348/2001/Q-BYT

2.3.4 Phng php v thit b nh gi cht lng surimi nh gi cht lng surimi, ngi ta s dng mt s thit b, dng c kim tra cc ch tiu ha hc v cm quan ca bt nhuyn surimi ti v surimi hp chn, t a ra kt qu cui cng v cht lng surimi. TT Mu Bt nhuyn surimi ti Cc ch s Hm lng H2O pH Cc vt l ri vo (xng, da) Escherichia coli 2 Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella bn ng c v mu sc Phng php nh gi v thit b s dng - m k hng ngoi - pH k - nh gi bng mt , theo thang im - Thit b o bn, chu lc ca surimi (Helometer) - nh gi bng cm quan theo thang im 10

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PHN 3 : MT S THIT B CHNH

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Hnh 8. Thit b trn (ribbon mixer)

c tnh k thut :

Nng sut my : 46kg/m. Cng sut motor thng : 3,7KW/h. Tc quay cnh : 42 pht/ vng. Kch tht my : 1700x1200x1640mm. Cu to : 1. Thng ng tht c bng inox.bn trong c cnh khuy l nhng thanh nhm .hai bn c thit k 2 b phn ng nc m bo nhit trong qu trnh lm vic.trc cnh khuy c lp bnh rng, thng quay quanh trc d dng nh motor truyn ng. 2. B phn truyn ng : l cp bnh rng , bnh ch gn lin vi trc motor, nh xch truyn ng m bnh rng b ng gn cng trc cnh khuy chuyn ng.

My gm 2 b phn :

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Nguyn tc hot ng : My lm vic gin on.Sau khi cho tht c v cht ph gia vo nhn nt khi ng, sau thi gian quy nh dng cnh khuy, nhn nt nghing thng, tht c vo thng ng.Trong qu trnh lm vic cn kim trabnhie6t5 m bo yu t cng ngh.

Hnh 5. My loi b xng Pinboner

Nguyn tc hot ng : Cho nguyn liu vo ca A vo ca thit b, rulo p v bng ti quay khc tc nhau. C chu lc p v lc trt, phn tht mm chui qua l rulo , cn da v xng c bng ti a ra ca B.Thanh gt c 3 tc dng gt xng v da khng cho quay li ca A. Ngi ta to nn lc trt trong qu trnh lm vic tng hiu qu tch tht.

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PHN 4 : CC YU T NH HNG N QUY TRNH

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4.1. nh hng ca yu t Nguyn liu Cht lng surimi ph thuc vo ti ca c, n nh hng n mi, v, mu sc, bn v ng kt v c hiu sut ca quy trnh. C dng sn xut surimi bo qun 1-2 ngy nhit 00C, nu thi gian bo qun di hn k c bo qun ng cng lm cho cht lng surimi rt km. Cc loi c khc nhau dn n cht lng surimi cng khc nhau, c bit l nh hng n ng kt ca surimi. Khi cht lng tht c hnh thnh cu trc mng li th n hi tt nhng nu lng m trong th c nhiu, cc ht m phn tn ra xen vo gia cu trc keo ca protein th lin kt mng li b t v sn phm mt tnh n hi. V vy cc loi c c hm lng m cao nh c trng c thu ao, c bc m th kh hnh thnh mng li. Cc loi c c n hi ca tht c tt l c nc, c mi, c nhm Cht lng ca surimi cn ph thuc vo ma v khai thach1ca1 trong nm v vng khai thc, c nh bt sau khi thi k trng th cho cht lng surimi thp, c sng ven b c hm lng m cao hn ngoi khi. 4.2. nh hng ca yu t cng ngh Khu tch xng Khu ra p tch nc Nghin trn Yu t nh hnh 4.3 nh hng ca cc yu t khc nh hng ca yu t bo qun ha hc: Lm bn cht bo trong c xay Lm bn protein trong c xay.

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Lm bn mu sc trong c xay. nh hng ca mui.

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nh hng ca nhit , thi gian bo quan v pH mi trng. nh hng ca cc cht ng to gel nh hng ca hm lng nc trong surimi nh hng ca nhit v thi gian. Phn 5 : Mt s sn phm m phng t surimi: Ch heo t surimi Xc xch t surimi Cho tm Ch b vin Tht b kho Tht tm, cua

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