Gio Trnh AutoCAD 2006

(M Hnh Khng Gian 3 Chiu)

Li ni du
Thi k hi nhp th hoa dt nc va nhu cu ca con ngi v cuc sng
ngay cang cao, d bung n nhiu cng trinh kin truc, xy dng ln nh ln lt ra
di. Nganh xy dng hin ti dang phat trin rt mnh, din hinh la nhiu cng trinh
kin truc va cac khu d th ln d mc ln rt nhiu ni, co th noi tc d phat trin
ca no rt nhanh. Chinh vi vy ma hin nay AutoCAD rt ph dng dc nhiu ngi
bit dn va hu nh la cng c khng th thiu trong vic thit k cac m hinh, bn
v.

Ngoai nganh xy dng va kin truc, AutoCAD con la cng c h tr dc lc
ca mt s nganh khac nh: Nganh c khi, in, Thit k.dung d v cac m hinh v
may moc, cac vt dng, cac s d, biu d.

Vi ni dung ngn gn, dy d cac kin thc va d hiu, Ti hy vng cun giao
trinh nay s giup ich cho cac bn lam hanh trang d bc vao con dng thit k ca
minh va hng dn chuyn nghip trong tng lai. Hin nay d co phin bn
AutoCAD 2009 (03/2008) v c bn thi khng co gi thay di trong c 2 m hinh 2D
va 3D, ch h tr thm mt s lnh mi, giup thao tac v dc nhanh hn. Hin nay
phin bn AutoCAD 2006 dang dc dung rt ph bin Vit Nam.

Du d c gng trong qua trinh bin son nhng cng khng tranh khi nhng
sai sot, mong nhn dc nhng y kin gop y t cac bn d giao trinh nay ngay cang
hoan thin hn!

Mi y kin gop y xin lin h : trillyleyahoo.com
Mobile phone : 0938.717344



Tc Gi


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CHUONG I:
MOT SO THAO TC CO BAN TRONG AUTOCAD 3D
I. GII THIEU V AUTOCAD
AutoCAD l phan mem cua hng AutoDesk Mot trong 5 hng san xuat phan
mem hng dau the gii Dng de thuc hien cc ban v k thuat trong cc ngnh: Xay
dung, Co kh, Kien trc, ien... Ni chung nhng ban v no duoc thuc hien bang tay
th c the v thiet ke bang phan mem AutoCAD.
- Phan mem AutoCAD duoc gii thieu lan dau tien vo thng 11-1982 tai hoi cho
COMDEX.
- Thng 12-1982, cong bo phien ban dau tien (Release 1).
- Thng 5-1997, AutoCAD 14 ra di.
- Thng 3-1999, AutoCAD 2000 ra di v chay tren moi trung Win 95, 98 v NT.
L mot cai tien dng ke gip cc thao tc v k thuat duoc nhanh chng v de
dng hon. Sau d cc phien ban mi lan luot ra di nham cai thien v hon chinh
hon trong viec thiet ke...
II. AC IEM CUA PHN MM AUTOCAD
x CAD (Computer-Aided-Design): Phan mem v v thiet ke vi su tro gip my tnh.
Su dung phan mem CAD de thiet ke ban v 2 chieu (2D), mo hnh 3 chieu (3D).
x ac diem noi bat cua phan mem CAD:
Chnh xc.
Nang suat cao nh cc lenh v nhanh.
De dng trao doi d lieu vi cc phan mem khc.
III. KHOI ONG VA THOT KHOI AUTOCAD
1. Khoi dong:
- Cch 1: Kch vo Start\ Programs\ AutoDesk\ AutoCAD 2006
- Cch 2: Nhap dp chuot vo bieu tuong AutoCAD 2006 tren mn hnh nen
Desktop. Hoac click phai vo bieu tuong AutoCAD 2006 --> Open
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2. Thot:
- Cch 1: Vo File --> Exit.
- Cch 2: Kch vo bieu tuong dau o gc tren phai cua thanh tieu de.
- Cch 3: Command: Quit.
- Cch 4: Nhan to hop phm Alt + F4.
IV. CC THANH PHN VA CAU TRC CUA MAN HNH HOA

1. Thanh tieu de
2. Thanh menu
3. Thanh cong cu
4. Vng do hoa
5. Con chay
6. Bieu tuong he toa do
7. Cua so lenh
8. Dng trang thi
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1. Graphic Area: Vng thuc hien ban v.
Thay doi mu nen cua mn hnh do hoa:
Tool \ Options \ Display \ Color chon mu cho mn hnh do hoa.
--> Chon Apply & close.
ua ve trang thi mac dinh (nen mn hnh mu den):
Tool \ Options \ Display \ Color \Default All--> Chon Apply & close.
2. CrossHairs: Hai soi tc theo phuong truc X, Y giao nhau tai 1 diem.
Thay doi do di soi tc: Tool \ Options \ Display chon muc Crosshair size.
3. Cursor: Con chay l o hnh vuong nam gia 2 soi tc.
Dich chuyen do ln con chay: Tool \ Options \ Selection chon muc Pickbox size.
4. UCS Icon: Bieu tuong he toa do cua ngui su dung.
e tat hoac mo bieu tuong vo View \ Display \ UCS Icon --> On.
5. Status line: Dng trang thi.
6. Command line: Dng lenh de nhap lenh thuc hien lenh v.
7. Menu bar: Thanh thuc don ngang gom cc trnh don: File, Edit, View...
8. Toolbar: Thanh cong cu l loi tat de thuc hien 1 lenh m khong can thong qua
thanh Menu. Cch an hien thanh cong cu:
Click phai vo trong cc cong cu bat ky:
nh dau vo thanh can hien.
Bo dau thanh can an.
V. MOT SO PHM CHON
F1 : Tro gip (Help).
F2 : Chuyen t mn hnh do hoa sang mn hnh van ban v nguoc lai (Textscrn).
F3 : Tat hoac mo che do truy bat diem thung tr (Running Osnap).
F5 : Chuyen doi qua cc mat hnh chieu truc do.
F6 : Bat/tat che do dong tren dng Status.
F7 : Bat/tat lui Grid (Gird).
F8 : Bat/tat che do v thang theo phuong thang dng hoac nam ngang (Ortho)
F9 : Bat/tat che do buc nhay Snap.
F10 : Bat/tat che do Polar Tracking.
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VI. CC LENH THAO TC TREN BAN VE
1. Lenh tao ban ve moi (Lenh New):
Vo File\ New hoac nhan Ctrl + N hoac kch vo bieu tuong tren thanh cong
cu chuan. Xuat hien hop thoai: Select template --> Chon acad.dwt --> Open.
2. Lenh mo ban ve da c (Lenh Open):
Vo File\ Open hoac nhan Ctrl + O hoac kch vo bieu tuong tren thanh cong
cu chuan. Xuat hien hop thoai Select File:
Kch chon ban v can mo --> Open.
3. Lenh ghi ban ve (Lenh Save):
Vo File\ Save hoac nhan Ctrl + S hoac kch vo bieu tuong tren thanh cong
cu chuan. Xuat hien hop thoai Save Drawing As:
Trong o: Save in : Chon noi cha file.
File name : G ten ban v --> Kch Save.
4. Lenh ghi ban ve voi ten khc (Lenh Save As):
Vo File\ Save As. Xuat hien hop thoai Save Drawing As.
Tuong tu g ten ban v vo hop File name --> Kch Save.
5. Lenh dng ban ve hien hnh (Lenh Close):
Vo File\ Close.
VII. LENH THIET LAP BAN VE CO BAN VA HE TOA O
1. Lenh tao kho giay Mvsetup:
B1:Command: mvsetup
B2:Enable paper space? [No/Yes] <Y>: Chon n
B3:Enter units type [Scientific/Decimal/Engineering/Architectural/Metric]: Chon m
B4:Enter the scale factor: Nhap ti le khung giay
B5:Enter the paper width: Nhap chieu rong kho giay
B6:Enter the paper height: Nhap chieu cao kho giay

* Cc kho giay thung dng:
A
4
: 210 x 297
A
3
: 297 x 420
A
2
: 420 x 594
A
1
: 594 x 840
A
0
: 840 x 1188

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2. Thiet lap gioi han ban ve bang lenh Limits:
B1: Command: Limits
Reset Model space limits:
B2: Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>:
B3: Specify upper right corner <420.0000,297.0000>: Nhap gi tri kho giay.
* Cc lua chon:
On : Khi v vuot qu kho giay my s bo loi.
Off : Khi v vuot qu kho giay my khong bo loi.
) Ch : Sau khi dat kho giay ta thuc hien lenh Zoom\All de dua ban v nam
gon trong trang mn hnh.
B1: Command: Zoom
B2: Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or
[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] <real time>: all
3. He toa do:
Trong CAD tat ca cc lenh deu nhac ta nhap toa do diem vo trong ban v. He toa
do su dung trong CAD l he toa do ecc:

+X
-X
+Z
-Z
-Y
+Y
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VIII. MOT SO CONG CU THUNG SU DUNG TRONG CAD3D,
CCH CHUYEN TU 2D SANG 3D VA NGUOC LAI

1. Mot so cong cu thung dng:
Trong CAD3D, ta van su dung mot so cong cu thung dng trong 2D de v v them mot
so cong cu thung dng trong CAD3D nhu: Cong cu 3D Orbit, Cong cu Shade, Cong cu
Solids, UCS, UCS II, Surfaces
* Cong cu 3D Orbit: Thung dng de quan st mo hnh v chuyen t 2D sang 3D.



* Cong cu Shade: Dng de to bng v an hien cc dung lui trong mo hnh.



* Cong cu Solids: Cha cc lenh cua mo hnh khoi ran chuan v mot so lenh hieu chinh
chng.



2. Cch chuyen t 2D sang 3D v nguoc lai:

y Chuyen t 2D --> 3D:
View\ 3D views\ Plan view\ Current UCS.
View\ Shade\ 3D wireframe.
y Chuyen t 3D --> 2D:
View\ 3D views\ Plan view\ Current UCS.
View\ Shade\ 2D wireframe.

h Luu : Irong CAD2D v CAD3D deu co chung cac cong cu, nghia l dng
chung mot phan mem AutoCAD, chi co khac nhau ve mo hinh, mot so cong cu su
dung gan nhu tuong tu nhu nhau v giong nhau, Aeu trong mo hinh khong gian(3D)
ta su dung cac cong cu khong thnh thao thi co the su dung cac lenh t mo hinh hai
chieu(2D) nhung phai dinh lai he truc toa do. \i du nhu mot so php bien hinh:
Lenh doi xung (mirror3d), lenh xoay (rotate3d)
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IX. INH IEM TRONG MO HNH KHONG GIAN 3 CHIU (LENH
VPOINT)

Lenh ny dng de dinh diem nhn den mo hnh 3D (php chieu song song). iem nhn chi
xc dinh hung nhn, cn khoang cch nhn khong anh huong den su quan st. Tuy vo
diem nhn m bieu tuong he toa do s xuat hien tren mn hnh s khc nhau.
* C 2 cch pht lenh nhu sau:
Cch 1 : View\Viewpoint\ Chon diem nhn tuong ng.
Cch 2 : Command: Vpoint
*Dng lenh xuat hien nhu sau:
Current view direction: \/EBD/R=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000)
Specify a view point or [Rotate] <display compass and tripod>: Nhap vo toa do
cua diem nhn.
* Cch xc dinh phuong huong v mot so toa do cua diem nhn:
9 Gc v phuong hung trong AutoCAD duoc quy uc nhu sau:
Gc 0
O
: Tuong ng vi hung ong
Gc 90
O
: Tuong ng vi hung Bac
Gc 180
O
: Tuong ng vi hung Tay
Gc 270/-90
O
: Tuong ng vi hung Nam
9 Trong mat phang hai chieu, xoay theo chieu kim dong ho l gc am (-), nguoc
chieu kim dong ho l gc duong (+)
* Trong mo hnh khong gian 3D ta c the xem cc truc nhu sau:
Truc X l chieu di.
Truc Y l chieu rong.
Truc Z l chieu cao.
Toa do X, Y, Z (Vector)
R Top : im nhin ( 0, 0, 1) Hinh chiu bng (x,y)
R Bottom : im nhin ( 0, 0,-1) Hinh chiu t day
R LeIt : im nhin ( 1, 0, 0) Hinh chiu cnh trai (y,z)
R Right : im nhin (-1, 0, 0) Hinh chiu cnh phi
R Font : im nhin ( 0,-1, 0) Hinh chiu dng (z,x)
R Back : im nhin ( 0, 1, 0) Hinh chiu t mt sau
R SW Isometric : im nhin (-1,-1, 1) Hinh chiu trc do (Hng Ty Nam)
R SE Isometric : im nhin ( 1,-1, 1) Hinh chiu trc do (Hng ng Nam)
R NE Isometric : im nhin ( 1, 1, 1) Hinh chiu trc do (Hng ng Bc)
R NW Isometric : im nhin (-1, 1, 1) Hinh chiu trc do (Hng Ty Bc)
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X. TAO CC KHUNG NHN TINH (LENH VPORTS)
Lenh Vports dung de phan chia mn hnh thnh nhieu khung nhn, cc khung nhn ny c
kch thuc co dinh nen cn goi l khung nhn tinh.
) Ch : Lenh Vports chi thuc hien khi bien Tilemode=1.
Command: Vports
Hop thoai xuat hien, lua chon cc kieu phan chia trong hop thoai:
New name: at ten chung cho
khung nhn.
Standard viewport : Chon so
khung nhn can hien thi.
Apply to: Pham vi ng dung
cua khung nhn.
Setup: Chon 2D hoac 3 D.
Change view to: Cc kieu hnh
chieu cho tng khung nhn.
Khi chon xong ta click chon
Ok.


XI. CC PHUONG PHP NHAP TOA O CUA MOT IEM TRONG
KHONG GIAN 3 CHIU

Neu trong ban v hai chieu (2D) ta chi nhap vo toa do X v Y, th trong ban v 3
chieu ta nhap them toa do theo truc Z. Hung cua truc Z vuong gc vi mat phang XY v
tuan theo Quy tac bn tay phai (Ngn ci truc X, ngn tro truc Y, ngn gia truc Z).
) e nhap toa do mot diem vo ban ve ba chieu ta c 5 phuong php sau:
PP1: Truc tiep dng phm chon (Pick) cua chuot.
PP2: Toa do tuyet doi: L toa do cua diem can v so vi goc toa do (0, 0, 0).
* Cch nhap lenh:
Command: x, y, z
PP3: Toa do tuong doi: L toa do cua diem can v so vi diem duoc xc dinh cuoi
cng nhat tren ban v.
* Cch nhap lenh:
Command: Q x, y, z
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PP4: Toa do tru tuong doi:
L khoang cch D, gc trong mat phang XY so vi truc X v do cao Z so vi diem duoc
xc dinh cuoi cng nhat trong ban v.
* Cch nhap lenh:
Command: Q d < D , z











PP5: Toa do cau tuong doi:
L nhap vo khoang cch D, gc trong mat phang XY v gc hop vi mat phang XY so
vi diem xc dinh cuoi cng nhat trong ban v.
* Cch nhap lenh:
Command: Q d < D < M

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Bi tap: Tien hnh cc thao tc da hoc v ve cc hnh sau:

Hnh 1.1
Hnh 1.2
Hnh 1.3 Hnh 1.4
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CHUONG II:
HE TOA O VA CC PHUONG PHP NHAP IEM
CHNH XC
I. Cc he toa do trong ban ve AutoCAD
Trong ban v AutoCAD ton tai hai he toa do sau:
WCS (World Coordinate System) l he toa do mac dinh trong ban v AutoCAD c
the goi l he toa do goc. Bieu tuong (Icon) cua WCS nam o gc tri pha dui ban
v v c ch W xuat hien trong bieu tuong ny. Tuy vo trang thi ON hoac OFF
cua lenh UCSIcon m bieu tuong ny c xuat hien hay khong. He toa do ny co
dinh v khong the dich chuyen.
UCS ( User Coordinate System): l he toa do m ngui dng tu dinh nghia, he toa
do ny c the dat o vi tr bat ky v ty vo diem nhn Vpoint bieu tuong cua chng
s hien len khc nhau (Hnh v). So luong UCS trong mot ban v l khong gii han,
mat phang XY trong cc he toa do l mat phang v (Working plane). Phuong chieu
cua lui (Grid), buc nhay con tro (Snap) thay doi theo cc truc X, Y trong mat
phang XY cua he toa do hien hnh.
II. Mot so lenh ve toa do
1. Lenh UCSICON:
Lenh ny dieu khien su hien thi cua bieu tuong toa do. Neu bieu tuong trng vi
goc toa do tai diem (0, 0, 0) th tren bieu tuong '+. Khi quan st hnh chieu phoi canh he
toa do ny s thay doi ty thuoc vo gc nhn.
Command: uscicon
[OA/OFF/All/Aoorigin/Origin] <OA>:
x Cc lua chon:
OA/OFF : Mo hoac tat bieu tuong he toa do tren mn hnh v khung nhn.
All : The hien bieu tuong toa do tren moi khung nhn mn hnh.
Aoorigin : Bieu tuong toa do chi xuat hien tai gc tri dui mn hnh.
Origin : Bieu tuong luon luon di chuyen theo goc toa do cua UCS.
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2. Lenh UCS ( Tao he toa do mi):
Command: ucs
[Aew/Move/orthoCraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/Borld] <Borld>:
* Cc lua chon:
Aew : Tao he toa do mi.
Move : Di chuyen goc toa do den mot diem mi.
OrthoCraphic : Lua chon mot so diem nhn.
Prev : Tro ve he toa do truc d.
Restore : Liet ke cc he toa do d duoc ghi boi lua chon Save.
Save : Ghi he toa do hien hnh vi mot ten nhap t bn phm.
Del : Xa he toa do d duoc ghi.
Borld : He toa do chuan.
Thong thung ta chon New de tao mi he toa do de de dng thao tc, khi chon New
th xuat hien cc su lua chon sau:
Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3point/OBject/Face/View/X/Y/Z] <0,0,0>:
* Luu hai su lua chon sau:
Zaxis : Chon hung Z cho mo hnh (Chon gc toa do v hung Z).
3point : Chon lai he truc toa do (Chon gc toa do, phuong truc X v Y).

III. Cc phuong thc truy bat diem doi voi doi tuong 3D
oi vi cc canh cua mo hnh khung day ta truy bat duoc cc diem cua cc doi
tuong Line, Circle, Pline nhu cc doi tuong 2D.
oi vi cc mat (Surfaces) l tap hop cc mat 3 hoac 4 canh, do d ta chi truy bat
duoc cc diem doi vi canh tao mat nhu: End, Int, Mid...
Cc doi tuong Solids o trang thi Wireframe ta truy bat duoc cc diem cua cc
canh thang hoac dung trn tao dang khung day cho Solids.


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CHUONG III:
MO HNH 3D DANG KHUNG DY
Mo hnh dang khung day (Wireframe) l mo hnh chi c cc canh. Cc lenh tao mo hnh
3D khung day l Line, 3Dpoly, Spline, Arc, CircleFc canh cua mo hnh khung day c
the l canh thang hoac canh cong.
) Ch : Cc canh v dinh cua mo hnh khung day phai thoa mn cc dieu kien sau:
Moi dinh chi c mot toa do duy nhat.
Moi dinh duoc noi vi t nhat 3 canh.
Moi canh chi c t nhat hai dinh.
Moi mat c t nhat 3 canh v tao thnh mot vng kn.
1. Da tuyen 3D (Lenh 3Dpoly):
Lenh 3Dpoly tao cc da tuyen 3 chieu bao gom cc phan doan l cc doan thang.
Command: 3dpoly
Specify start point of polyline: Nhap diem dau cua da tuyen
Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Nhap diem cuoi cua mot phan doan
Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Nhap diem cuoi cua mot phan doan
Specify endpoint of line or [Close/Undo]: Nhap diem cuoi cua mot phan doan
hoac nhan Enter de ket thc lenh.
2. Ve dung cong bang lenh Spline:
Su dung lenh Spline de v cc dung cong trong khong gian. V du de v mot vng
xoan oc chung quanh goc toa do bang cch nhap toa do tru nhu sau:
Command: spl
Specify first point or [Object]: 50,0
Specify next point: 50<30,5
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 50<60,10
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 50<90,15
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 50<120,20
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 50<150,25
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 50<180,30
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 50<210,35
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 50<240,40
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 50<270,45
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Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 50<300,50
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 50<330,55
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 50<360,60
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:
Specify start tangent:
Specify end tangent:

3. Hieu chnh da tuyen 3D (Lenh Pedit):
Command: pe
pedit Select polyline: Chon da tuyen 3D can hieu chinh.
Enter an option [Close/Edit vertex/Spline curve/Decurve/Undo]:
* Cc lua chon:
Close : ng kn mot da tuyen ho.
Edit vertex : Hieu chinh cc dinh v cc phan doan cua da tuyen.
Spline curve : Chuyen mot da tuyen dang chon thnh mot Spline.
Decurve : Chuyen cc phan doan cua dung Spline, Pline thnh cc dung thang.
Undo : Huy bo mot thao tc va thuc hien.

* Cch ket dnh cc doi tuong lai voi nhau:
B 1: Command: pe
B 2: PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: m
B 3: Select objects: Chon cc doi tuong can khp kn hoac ket dnh
B 4: Convert Lines and Arcs to polylines [Yes/No]? <Y>
B 5: Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: j
B 6: Enter fuzz distance or [Jointype] <0.0000>:
B 7: Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]:
a) Vng xoan oc v bang SPLine b) Vng xoan oc sau khi Array
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4. Ko cc doi tuong 2D thnh mat 3D (Elevation, Thickness):
* Lenh Elevation: Goi l dinh cao do, l do cao cc doi tuong 2D so vi mat phang XY
cua he toa do hien hnh.
Command: Elev

Enter new value for ELE\AI/OA <0.0000: Nhap vo cao do cho doi tuong sap v.

* Lenh Thickness: Goi l do dy hoac chieu cao ko cua cc doi tuong 2D theo truc Z.
Command: Ihickness

Enter new value for IH/CKAESS <0.0000>: Nhap vo do dy cua doi tuong sap v.
) Ch :
Thong thung ta gn do cao hoac do dy theo cc cch sau:
inh bien Elevation v Thickness truc, sau d thuc hien cc lenh v 2D de tao mat.
Sau khi v cc doi tuong 2D xong, ta su dung lenh hieu chinh (Change) de hieu
chinh do cao v do dy cua doi tuong.
* Cch su dung lenh Change:
B1: Command: - ch
B2: Select objects: Chon doi tuong can hieu chinh.
B3: Specify change point or [Properties]: p
B4: Enter property to change
[Color/Elev/LAyer/LIype/ltScale/LBeight/Ihickness]: Chon e hoac t sau d
nhan Enter.
B5: Specify new elevation<20.0000>: Nhap do cao (Elevation) hoac do dy
(Thickness).
B6: Enter property to change
[Color/Elev/LAyer/LIype/ltScale/LBeight/Ihickness]:
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - 'c
Bi tap: Tien hnh cc thao tc da hoc v ve cc hnh sau:
Hnh chieu Ci ghe
Hnh 3.2 (Bn trn)
Hnh 3.1 (Ci Thang)
Hnh chieu Ci bn
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - '
CHUONG IV:
3DFACE VA CC MAT 3D CHUN
I. Mat phang 3D (3Dface)
Lenh 3Dface tao cc mat 3D c bon hoac ba canh. Moi mat duoc tao boi lenh 3DFace l
mot doi tuong don.
B1: Command: 3f
B2: Specify first point or [Invisible]: Chon diem th nhat.
B3: Specify second point or [Invisible]: Chon diem th hai.
B4: Specify third point or [Invisible] <exit>: Chon diem th ba.
B5: Specify fourth point or [Invisible] <create three-sided face>: Chon diem th tu.
B6: Specify third point or [Invisible] <exit>:
II. Cc doi tuong mat 3D (3D objects, lenh 3D)
9 mat chuan Surface v cc cch goi lenh:
1. Lenh tao mat hop chu nhat Box:
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Surfaces.
Cch 2: Tren dng Command: Ai_box
Cch 3: Menu: Draw\ Surfaces\ 3D Surfaces (Chon bieu tuong tuong ng).
Command: aibox
Specify corner point of box: Chon goc tri pha dui cua hop.
Specify length of box: Chieu di cua hop, tuong ng vi khoang cch theo truc X.
Specify width of box or [Cube]: Chieu rong cua hop theo truc Y (Nhap C de tao hop
vuong).
Specify height of box: Chieu cao cua hop theo truc Z.
Specify rotation angle of box about the Z axis or [Reference]: Gc quay so vi truc
song song vi truc Z.
2. Mat nn Cone:
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Surfaces.
Cch 2: Tren dng Command: Ai_Cone
Cch 3: Menu: Draw\ Surfaces\ 3D Surfaces (Chon bieu tuong tuong ng).
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - 'S
Command: aicone
Specify center point for base of cone: Tam cua dy hnh nn.
Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter]: Bn knh vng trn dy.
Specify radius for top of cone or [Diameter] <0>: Bn knh vng dinh nn cut, Neu
gi tri ny bang 0 l mat nn cn neu bang bn knh vng trn dy th ket qua l mat
tru trn.
Specify height of cone: Chieu cao hnh nn.
Enter number of segments for surface of cone <16>: So cc dung sinh noi hai mat
dinh v dy cua nn.






3. Mat nua cau dui Dish:
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Surfaces.
Cch 2: Tren dng Command: Ai_Dish
Cch 3: Menu: Draw\ Surfaces\ 3D Surfaces (Chon bieu tuong tuong ng).
Command: aidish
Specify center point of dish: Tam cua mat cau.
Specify radius of dish or [Diameter]: Bn knh hoac dung knh mat cau.
Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of dish <16>: So dung kinh
tuyen.
Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of dish <8>: So dung vi tuyen.
Mat nua cau dui
Radius of top =0 Radius of
top=button=50
Radius of top =20
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - '`
4. Mat nua cau tren Dome:
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Surfaces.
Cch 2: Tren dng Command: Ai_Dome.
Cch 3: Menu: Draw\ Surfaces\ 3D Surfaces (Chon bieu tuong tuong ng).
Command: aidome
Specify center point of dome: Tam mat cau.
Specify radius of dome or [Diameter]: Bn knh hoac dung knh mat cau.
Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of dome <16>: So dung kinh
tuyen.
Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of dome <8>: So dung vi tuyen.








5. Hnh da dien Pyramid:
* Y nghia: Dng de tao mat lui da dien (Mat l cc mat phang tam gic hoac t gic).
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Surfaces.
Cch 2: Tren dng Command: Ai_Pyramid
Cch 3: Menu: Draw\ Surfaces\ 3D Surfaces (Chon bieu tuong tuong ng).
Command: aipyramid
/nitiali:ing... 3D Objects loaded.
Specify first corner point for base of pyramid: Chon diem th nhat cua dy.
Specify second corner point for base of pyramid: Chon diem th hai cua dy.
Specify third corner point for base of pyramid: Chon diem th ba cua dy.
Specify fourth corner point for base of pyramid or [Ietrahedron]: Chon diem th tu
de tao dy l mat phang t gic, neu chon T th dy l mat phang tam gic
Mat nua cau tren
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - .C
Specify apex point of pyramid or [Ridge/Iop]: Nhap toa do dinh cua da dien hoac
chon R de tao da dien c dinh l mot canh, hoac chon T de tao da dien dinh l mat
tam gic hoac t gic.

6. Mat lui Mesh:
* Y nghia: Lenh ny dng de tao mat lui 3 chieu. Can xc dinh 4 dinh v cho mat
do M, N cua lui (M, N nam trong khoang 2 - 256).
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Surfaces.
Cch 2: Tren dng Command: Ai_Mesh
Cch 3: Menu: Draw\ Surfaces\ 3D Surfaces (Chon bieu tuong tuong ng).
Command: aimesh
Specify first corner point of mesh: Chon diem goc P1 cua lui.
Specify second corner point of mesh: Chon diem goc P2 cua lui.
Specify third corner point of mesh: Chon diem goc P3 cua lui.
Specify fourth corner point of mesh: Chon diem goc P4 cua lui.
Enter mesh si:e in the M direction: So mat lui nam theo canh P1P2
Enter mesh si:e in the A direction: So mat lui nam theo canh P1P4






Apex point Ridge
Top

P4
P1
P3
P2
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - .'
7. Mat cau Sphere:
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Surfaces.
Cch 2: Tren dng Command: Ai_Sphere
Cch 3: Menu: Draw\ Surfaces\ 3D Surfaces (Chon bieu tuong tuong ng).
Command: aisphere
Specify center point of sphere: Tam mat cau.
Specify radius of sphere or [Diameter]: Bn knh hoac dung knh mat cau.
Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16>: So dung kinh
tuyen.
Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16>: So dung vi tuyen.
8. Mat xuyen Torus:
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Surfaces.
Cch 2: Tren dng Command: Ai_Torus
Cch 3: Menu: Draw\ Surfaces\ 3D Surfaces (Chon bieu tuong tuong ng).
Command: aitorus
Specify center point of torus: Tam cua mat xuyen.
Specify radius of torus or [Diameter]: Bn knh (hoac g D de xc dinh dung knh)
cho vng xuyen ngoi.
Specify radius of tube or [Diameter]: Bn knh (hoac g D de xc dinh dung knh)
cho ong.
Enter number of segments around tube circumference <16>: So cc phan doan tren
mat ong.
Enter number of segments around torus circumference <16>: So cc phan doan theo
chu vi mat xuyen.
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - ..
) Ch : Chi v duoc xuyen khi bn knh ong xuyen nho hon hoac bang 1/2 bn knh
xuyen.








9. Mat hnh nem Wedge:
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Surfaces.
Cch 2: Tren dng Command: Ai_Wedge
Cch 3: Menu: Draw\ Surfaces\ 3D Surfaces (Chon bieu tuong tuong ng).
Command: aiwedge
Specify corner point of wedge: Toa do diem goc mat dy hnh nem.
Specify length of wedge: Chieu di nem theo truc X.
Specify width of wedge: Chieu rong nem theo truc Y.
Specify height of wedge: Chieu cao nem theo truc Z.
Specify rotation angle of wedge about the Z axis: Gc quay chung quanh truc song
song vi truc Z.






) Luu : Ngoi ra chng ta cn c the goi cc lenh mat 3D chuan
bang cch go t bn phm nhu sau:
B1:Command: 3d
B2:Enter an option [Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]:
Nhap ten mot mat chuan sau d nhan Enter. Cc thao tc v tuong tu nhu tren.
Mat cau Mat xuyen
Mat xuyen vi bn
knh ong bang 1/2
bn knh xuyen
Mat nem
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - .
CHUONG V:
MAT LUI A GIC (3D POLYGON MESHES)
Mat do lui phu thuoc boi hai bien: Surftab1(ung kinh tuyen) v Surftab2(ung vi
tuyen). Neu mat do hai bien ny cng ln th mo hnh tao ra cng dep v min. Khi tao
mo hnh nen dinh hai bien ny truc.
* Cch tao:
Command: surftab1
Enter new value for SURFTAB1 <15>: Nhap so dung kinh tuyen
Command: surftab2
Enter new value for SURFTAB2 <6>: Nhap so dung vi tuyen
I. Lenh Edgesurf (Mat dang tam tham bay)
Lenh ny tao mat lui t 4 canh c cc dinh trng nhau, mat ny c dang tam tham
bay. Cc canh ny c the l Line, Arc, 2Dpline, 3Dpline, Spline... Canh dau tien duoc
chon xc dinh chieu M cua lui (Mat do lui theo hung M bien Surftab1), canh duoc
chon th hai xc dinh chieu N (Mat do lui theo hung N bien Surftab2). Tuy vo gi tri
cc bien ny ta thu duoc cc mat khc nhau.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Tren thanh menu: Draw\ Surfaces\ Edge Surfaces.
Cch 2: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tuong ng tren thanh Surface.
Cch 3: Command: Edgesurf
Command: edgesurf
Current wire frame density: SURFIAB1=20 SURFIAB2=20
Select object 1 for surface edge: Chon canh th nhat xc dinh chieu M lui.
Select object 2 for surface edge: Chon canh th hai xc dinh chieu N lui.
Select object 3 for surface edge: Chon canh th ba.
Select object 4 for surface edge: Chon canh th tu.






) Ch : Neu ta chon canh c cc dinh khong trng vi cc dinh cc canh khc s xuat
hien dng thong bo l canh duoc chon khong trng vi canh khc.
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - .1
II. Lenh Revsurf (Mat trn xoay)
Lenh Revsurf dng de tao mat trn xoay bang cch xoay mot doi tuong 2D chung quanh
mot truc xoay. Mat do lui duoc dinh boi bien Surftab1, Surftab2.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Tren thanh menu: Draw\ Surfaces\ Revolved Surfaces.
Cch 2: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tuong ng tren thanh Surface.
Cch 3: Command: Revsurf
Command: revsurf
Current wire frame density: SURFIAB1=20 SURFIAB2=20
Select object to revolve: Chon dung cong can tao mat trn xoay, dung cong ny
c the l: arc, line, circle, 2Dpline, 3Dpline.
Select object that defines the axis of revolution: Chon truc xoay l line hoac
2Dpline, 3Dpline, Spline.
Specify start angle <0>: Vi tr bat dau mat trn xoay.
Specify included angle (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: Gc xoay quanh truc xoay, chieu
duong theo chieu nguoc chieu kim dong ho.
















Cc hnh truc khi Revsurf
Cc hnh sau khi Revsurf
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - .
III. Lenh Rulesurf (Mat ke)
Lenh Rulesurf tao mat ke gia hai dung bien duoc chon, mat ny c cc dung ke l cc
dung thang. Mat do lui (So cc dung ke) dinh boi bien Surftab1.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Tren thanh menu: Draw\ Surfaces\ Ruled Surfaces.
Cch 2: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tuong ng tren thanh Surface.
Cch 3: Command: Rulesurf
Command: rulesurf
Current wire frame density: SURFIAB1=12
Select first defining curve: Chon dung bien th nhat.
Select second defining curve: Chon dung bien th hai.
) Ch : Hai dung bien c the l: Line, Arc, Circle, 2DPline, 3DPline, Spline, hoac
3DSpline. Mot trong hai dung cong c the l mot diem.
IV. Lenh Tabsurf (Mat tru)
Lenh Tabsurf dng de tao mat lui tru theo hnh dang cua dung chuan qut doc theo
vecto dinh hung, Mat do lui (So dung sinh) dinh bang bien Surftab1.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Tren thanh menu: Draw\ Surfaces\ Tabulated Surface.
Cch 2: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tuong ng tren thanh Surfaces.
Cch 3: Command: Tabsurf
Command: tabsurf
Select object for path curve: Chon dung chuan mat tru: c the l Line, Arc, Circle,
2Dpline, 3Dpline, Ellipse.
Select object for direction vector: Chon vecto dinh hung: Line, 2Dpline, 3Dpline mo.
Circle
Circle
2
1
1
2
Point
ARC
ARC
Line
1
2
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - .c
Bi tap: Tien hnh cc thao tc da hoc v ve cc hnh sau:
ung
chuan
Vecto dinh
hung
ung
chuan
Vecto dinh
hung
Hnh 5.1 Hnh 5.2
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - .
CHUONG VI:
TAO MO HNH 3D KHOI RAN (SOLIDS)
Mo hinh khoi rn 3D cua AutoCAD dng de mo ta vat the 3 chieu. Irong mo
hinh ny ta co the xac dinh duoc cac dc tinh hinh hoc, co hoc cua vat the:
Iinh dien tich, the tich, toa do trong tam.
Iinh khoi luong, momen quan tinh.
I mo hinh khoi rn, ta tao duoc cac hinh chieu thng goc (hinh chieu dung,
hinh chieu bng) cua vat the.
Quan sat mo hinh khong co nt khuat, cac dung chuyen tiep, to bong vat the.
Iao hinh anh dong mo phong dong hoc cua ket cau, ngui may
I. Tao cc mien (Region)
Mien l mot vat the ran khong c khoi luong. e tao mot mien ta chi can v mot doi tuong
2D sau d dng lenh Region de tao mien.
B1: Command: reg
B2: Select objects: Chon cc doi tuong can tao mien
) Luu : Cc doi tuong tao mien phai l mot doi tuong khp kn.
II. Khoi hop chu nhat (Lenh Box)
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Solids.
Cch 2: Draw\ Solids\ Box.
Cch 3: Command: Box
Command: box
Specify corner of box or [CEnter] <0,0,0>: Nhap diem goc th nhat cua dung cho
khoi hoac nhap CE de v khoi theo tam khoi.
Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: Nhap diem goc doi dien cua dung cho khoi,
hoac lua chon cc lua chon sau:
+ Neu chon L: Tao khoi hop xuat hien cc dng nhac phu sau:
Specify length: Nhap vo chieu di cua khoi theo phuong X.
Specify width : Nhap vo chieu rong cua khoi theo phuong Y.
Specify height: Nhap vo chieu cao cua khoi theo phuong Z.
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - .S
+ Neu chon C: Tao khoi lap phuong xuat hien dng nhac phu sau:
Specify length: Nhap vo canh cua khoi lap phuong.





III. Khoi hnh nem (Lenh Wedge)
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Solids.
Cch 2: Draw\ Solids\ Wedge.
Cch 3: Command:Wedge
Command: wedge
Specify first corner of wedge or [CEnter] <0,0,0>: Nhap vo toa do mot diem goc.
th nhat cua khoi nem hoac chon C de tao khoi nem theo tam.
Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: Nhap vo goc th hai cua khoi nem hoac lua chon
cc lua chon sau:
+ Neu chon L xuat hien cc dng phu sau:
Specify length: Nhap vo chieu di khoi nem theo truc X.
Specify width: Nhap vo chieu rong khoi nem theo truc Y.
Specify height: Nhap vo chieu cao khoi nem theo truc Z.
+ Neu chon C th khoi hnh nem c 3 canh bang nhau v ta chi can nhap chieu
di mot canh tai dng nhac sau d.
Khoi ran hop

Khoi ran nem
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - .`
IV. Khoi nn (Lenh Cone)
Lenh Cone tao khoi nn c dy l Circle hoac Ellipse.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Solids.
Cch 2: Draw\ Solids\ Cone.
Cch 3: Command: Cone
Command: cone
Current wire frame density: /SOL/AES=4
Specify center point for base of cone or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>:
* Cc lua chon:
Specify center point for base of cone: Chon tam hnh trn cua mat dy nn, cc dng nhac
phu nhu sau:
Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter]: Bn knh hoac nhap D cho dung
knh dung trn dy.
Specify height of cone or [Apex]: Nhap vo chieu cao hnh nn hoac lua chon Apex.
de xc dinh vi tr dinh cua khoi ran nn, do d ta c the tao khoi nn nam ngang,
thang dng, nam xien
* Elliptical: Mat dy nn c hnh Ellipse, dng nhac phu nhu sau:
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cone or [Center]: Nhap vo toa do diem
dau cua mot truc hoac chon C de chon tam Ellipse.
Specify second axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cone: Toa do diem cn lai cua
truc.
Specify length of other axis for base of cone: Khoang cch nua truc cn lai cua
Ellipse.
Specify height of cone or [Apex]: Chieu cao cua nn hoac chon Apex de dinh vi tr
cua dinh khoi ran nn.








Cc dang khoi ran nn
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - C
V. Khoi tru (Lenh Cylinder)
Lenh Cylinder dng de v khoi tru c dy l Circle hoac Ellipse.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Solids.
Cch 2: Draw\ Solids\ Cylinder.
Cch 3: Command: Cylinder
Command: cylinder
Current wire frame density: /SOL/AES=4
Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: Nhap vo tam cua
khoi tru hoac chon E de v khoi tru c dy l Ellipse.
Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: Nhap vo bn knh hoac nhap D de
xc dinh dung knh cua dy khoi tru.
Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: Nhap vo chieu cao cua khoi tru
theo truc Z hoac g C de xc dinh tam toa do mat dinh tru.







VI. Khoi cau (Lenh Sphere)
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Solids.
Cch 2: Draw\ Solids\ Sphere.
Cch 3: Command: Sphere
Command: sphere
Current wire frame density: /SOL/AES=4
Specify center of sphere <0,0,0>: Chon tam cua khoi cau.
Specify radius of sphere or [Diameter]: Nhap vo bn knh hoac g D de xc dinh
dung knh cua khoi cau.
Khoi ran cau

Cc dang khoi ran hnh tru
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - '
VII. Khoi xuyen (Lenh Torus)
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Solids.
Cch 2: Draw\ Solids\ Torus.
Cch 3: Command: Torus
Command: torus
Current wire frame density: /SOL/AES=4
Specify center of torus <0,0,0>: Nhap vo tam cua khoi xuyen.
Specify radius of torus or [Diameter]: Nhap vo bn knh hoac g D de xc dinh
dung knh cua khoi ran xuyen (T tam xuyen den tam ong xuyen).
Specify radius of tube or [Diameter]: Bn knh hoac g D de xc dinh dung knh
cua ong xuyen.







VIII. Ko di doi tuong 2D thnh khoi ran 3D (Lenh Extrude)
Lenh Extrude dng de ko hnh 2D theo truc Z thnh mot khoi ran 3D. Cc doi tuong 2D
c the ko thnh khoi ran bao gom: Pline kn, Polygon, Circle, Ellipses, cc da tuyen
khong duoc c cc phan doan giao nhau.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Solids.
Cch 2: Draw\ Solids\ Extrude.
Cch 3: Command: Extrude
Command: ext
Current wire frame density: /SOL/AES=4
Select objects: Lua chon cc doi tuong 2D, cc doi tuong ny nam trong mat phang
XY.
Select objects: Iiep tuc lua chon cc doi tuong can ko di hoac nhan Enter ket thc
viec lua chon.
Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: Nhap vo chieu cao can ko di hoac nhap P de
ko di doi tuong theo dung dan.

Khoi ran xuyen
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - .
Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>: Nhan Enter hoac nhap vo gi tri gc
nghieng, gc gia mat Solid duoc tao vuong gc vi mat phang XY, gi tri c the am
c the duong.











Ch :
- Path c the l: Line, Arc, Circle, Pline 2D, Spline. Path khong the cng nam trong mot
mat phang vi hnh dang 2D l doi tuong duoc chon de ko di.
- Hnh dang 2D duoc ko di luon vuong gc vi dung dan Path tai diem cuoi cua n.
IX. Khoi trn xoay (Lenh Revolve)
Lenh Revolve dng de tao khoi ran trn xoay bang cch xoay mot doi tuong 2D chung
quanh dung tam xoay. oi tuong 2D l mot Circle, Region, Ellipses hoac 2D pline c so
canh ln hon hoac bang 3.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Solids.
Cch 2: Draw\ Solids\ Revolve.
Cch 3: Command: Revolve
Command: rev
Current wire frame density: /SOL/AES=4
Select objects: Lua chon doi tuong.
Specify start point for axis of revolution or define axis by [Object/X (axis)/ (axis)]:
Chon dung tam xoay.
* Cc lua chon chon dung tam xoay:
Specify start point for axis of revolution: Chon diem dau cua dung tam xoay.
Specify endpoint of axis: Chon diem th hai cua dung tam xoay.
+ Neu chon Object: Chon mot doi tuong lm dung tam xoay.
* Cc doi tuong 2D can
ko di
* Cc doi tuong 2D ko
di theo chieu cao
* Cc doi tuong 2D ko
di theo dung dan Path
Path
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im -
+ Neu chon X, Y: ung tam xoay l truc X hoac truc Y.
* Sau khi lua chon dung tam xoay xuat hien dng nhac sau:
Specify angle of revolution <360>: Gi tri gc xoay.










X. Mot so php ton dai so cho khoi ran: Cong khoi ran (Union), tr
khoi ran (Subtract), giao khoi ran (Intersection)
Mo hnh 3D khoi ran duoc ket hop t nhieu khoi ran co so goi l khoi ran da hop. e ket
hop cc khoi ran co so dng cc php ton dai so Boole: Cong (hop) khoi ran (Union), Tr
khoi ran (Subtract), Giao khoi ran (Intersect).
1. Cong cc khoi ran (Lenh Union):
Lenh Union dng de tao cc Region hoac Solid da hop bang php cong cc Solid hoac
Region thnh phan.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Solids Editing.
Cch 2: Modify\ Solids Editing\ Union.
Cch 3: Command: Union
Command: uni
Select objects: Chon cc khoi ran can cong.
Select objects: Chon tiep cc khoi ran can cong hoac nhan Enter de ket thc viec lua chon
v thuc hien lenh.
2. Tr cc khoi ran (Lenh Subtract):
Lenh Subtract dng tao cc Solids giao hop bang cch tr cc Solids.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Solids Editing.
Cch 2: Modify\ Solids Editing\ Subtract.
Cch 3: Command: Subtract
Truc khi Revolve Sau khi Revolve
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - 1
Command: su
Select solids and regions to subtract from
Select objects: Lua chon cc doi tuong tr.
Select objects: Tiep tuc lua chon cc doi tuong tr hoac nhan Enter ket thc viec lua
chon.
Select solids and regions to subtract
Select objects: Lua chon cc doi tuong bi tr.
Select objects: Tiep tuc lua chon cc doi tuong bi tr hoac nhan Enter ket thc viec
lua chon.









3. Giao cc khoi ran (Lenh Intersect):
Lenh Intersect tao cc Solid da hop bang php giao cc Solid thnh phan. Khi tao Solid da
hop chi gi lai phan giao nhau gia cc Solid duoc chon.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tren thanh Solids Editing.
Cch 2: Modify\ Solids Editing\ Intersect.
Cch 3: Command: Intersect
Command: in
Select objects: Chon cc khoi ran can lay giao.
Select objects: Tiep tuc lua chon hoac nhan Enter de ket thc viec lua chon.








Truc khi Union Sau khi Union
Truc khi
Subtract
Sau khi
Subtract
Truc khi Intersect Sau khi Intersect

.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im -
Chuong VII:
HIEU CHINH MO HNH KHOI RAN
I. Vt mp canh khoi ran (Lenh Chamfer)
Lenh Chamfer dng de vt mp cc canh khoi ran. Lenh ny s tu dong tao ra mot khoi
ran phu v sau d s cong hoac tr vi khoi ran m ta chon canh de vt.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tuong ng tren thanh Modify.
Cch 2: Modify\ Chamfer.
Cch 3: Command: Chamfer
Command: cha
(IR/M mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 0.0000, Dist2 = 0.0000
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Irim/mEthod/Multiple]:
Base surface selection...: Chon mot canh tren mat vt co so.
Enter surface selection option [Aext/OK (current)] <OK>: Chon N hoac nhan
Enter de chuyen mat co so hoac chap nhan mat co so.
Specify base surface chamfer distance: Nhap khoang cch vt tren mat co so.
Specify other surface chamfer distance <10.000>: Nhap khoang cch vt tren mat
ke.
Select an edge or [Loop]: Chon canh vt hoac nhap L de vt ton bo mat co so.










Truc khi Chamfer
Sau khi Chamfer
Base
surface
Surface
chamfer
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - c
II. Tao gc luon tai giao tuyen giua cc mat cua khoi ran (Lenh Fillet)
Lenh Fillet dng de tao gc luon (cho giao tuyen lm) v bo trn (cho giao tuyen loi). Khi
thuc hien lenh Fillet , AutoCAD s tu dong tao them khoi ran co so phu v s cong hoac
tr khoi ran co so ny vi khoi ran m ta chon canh de tao gc luon.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tuong ng tren thanh Modify.
Cch 2: Modify\ Fillet.
Cch 3: Command: Fillet
Command: f
Current settings: Mode = IR/M, Radius = 10.0000
Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Irim]: Chon canh solid can luon gc.
Enter fillet radius <10.0000>: Nhap gi tri bn knh Fillet.
Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: Chon giao tuyen de Fillet.
Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: Chon tiep giao tuyen hoac nhan Enter ket thc
viec lua chon.
















Truc khi Fillet
Sau khi Fillet
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im -
III. Cat khoi ran thnh hai phan (Lenh Slice)
Lenh Slice dng de cat tch mot khoi ran thnh hai khoi ran rieng biet. Lenh ny su dung
trong viec tao cc mo hnh 3D c hnh dng dac biet.
Cch 1: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong tuong ng tren thanh Solids.
Cch 2: Draw\ Solids\ Slice.
Cch 3: Command: Slice
Command: sl
Select objects: Chon doi tuong can cat.
Select objects: Specify first point on slicing plane by
[Object/Zaxis/\iew/X/Z/ZX/3points] <3points>: Chon 3 diem cua mat phang cat
hoac chon mat phang cat theo cc lua chon tuong tu nhu chon mat phang doi xng
cua lenh Mirror3D.
Specify a point on desired side of the plane or [keep Both sides]: Kch mot diem
thuoc phan khoi ran can gi lai hoac g B de gi lai ca hai phan cua khoi ran bi cat.














Truc khi Slice Sau khi Slice chon B de
gi lai hai phan cua cua
khoi ran bi cat
Sau khi Slice chon mot
diem thuoc phan can
gi lai khoi ran bi cat
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - S
CHUONG VIII:
CC LENH H TRO THIET KE MO HNH 3D
I. Php xoay cc doi tuong chung quanh mot truc (Lenh Rotate3D)
Lenh dng de quay cc doi tuong chung quanh mot truc.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Modify\ 3D Operation\ Rotate 3D.
Cch 2: Command: Rotate3D.
Command: rotate3d
/nitiali:ing...
Current positive angle: AACD/R=counterclockwise AACBASE=0
Select objects: Chon doi tuong can quay.
Select objects: Tiep tuc chon doi tuong quay hoac nhan Enter de ket thc viec lua
chon.
Specify first point on axis or define axis by:
[Object/Last/\iew/Xaxis/axis/Zaxis/2points]: Chon diem th nhat cua truc quay hoac
su dung cc lua chon khc.
[Object/Last/\iew/Xaxis/axis/Zaxis/2points]: Specify second point on axis: Chon
diem th hai cua truc quay.
Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: Gi tri gc quay hoac chon R de nhap gc tham
chieu.
* Cc lua chon khi chon truc quay:
2Point : Truc quay di qua hai diem. Chieu duong gc quay theo chieu nguoc chieu kim
dong ho t diem th hai hung ve diem th nhat.
Object : Truc quay l mot doi tuong 2D: Line, Arc, Circle, hoac 2Dpline. Neu doi tuong
l Line hoac phan doan thang cua 2Dpline th truc quay chnh l doan thang
ny, cn neu doi tuong l dung trn hoac cung trn, hoac phan doan cung trn
cua pline th truc quay s l dung thang di qua tam v vuong gc vi mat
phang cha cung hoac dung trn d.
Last : Quay cc doi tuong chung quanh truc quay cua lenh Rotate3D thuc hien truc
d.
View : Truc quay l dung thang vuong gc vi mn hnh v di qua diem ta chon.
Xaxis : Truc quay l dung thang song song vi truc X v di qua diem nam tren dung
thang ny.
Yaxis : Truc quay l dung thang song song vi truc Y v di qua diem nam tren dung
thang ny.
Zaxis : Truc quay l dung thang song song vi truc Z v di qua diem nam tren dung
thang ny.
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - `
Rotation angle = 90
0
V du:








II. Php lay doi xng cc doi tuong qua mot mat phang (Lenh Mirror3D)
Lenh Mirror3D dng de tao cc doi tuong mi, doi xng vi cc doi tuong san c duoc
chon qua mat phang doi xng.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Modify\ 3D Operation\ Mirror 3D.
Cch 2: Command: Mirror3D
Command: mirror3d
/nitiali:ing...
Select objects: Chon cc doi tuong can lay doi xng.
Select objects: Chon tiep cc doi tuong hoac nhan Enter de ket thc viec lua chon.
Specify first point of mirror plane (3 points) or:
[Object/Last/Zaxis/\iew/X/Z/ZX/3points] <3points>: Chon diem dau tien cua mat
phang doi xng (Mac dinh mat phang doi xng di qua 3 diem).
[Object/Last/Zaxis/\iew/X/Z/ZX/3points]<3points>: Specify second point on
mirror plane: Chon diem th hai cua mat phang doi xng.
Specify third point on mirror plane: diem th ba cua mat phang doi xng.
Delete source objects? [es/Ao] <A>: C muon xo cc doi tuong chon hay khong?
* Cc lua chon xc dinh mat phang doi xng:
3Point : Mat phang doi xng duoc xc dinh boi 3 diem.
Object : Mat phang doi xng l mat phang di qua doi tuong duoc chon.
Last : Su dung lai mat phang doi xng cua lenh Mirror3d thuc hien truc d.
Zaxis : Chon mat phang doi xng bang cch xc dinh goc toa do v mot diem
dinh chieu cua truc Z.
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - 1C
View : Mat phang doi xng song song vi mat phang quan st tai diem nhn hien
tai v di qua diem duoc chon (diem m mat phang doi xng di qua.
XY/YZ/ZX : Mat phang doi xng song song vi mat phang XY (hoac YZ, hoac ZX) v
di qua diem m ta xc dinh.
III. Sao chp day cc doi tuong trong khong gian 3 chieu (Lenh 3Darray)
Lenh 3Darray dng de sao chp cc doi tuong ra dy dang hnh ch nhat
(Rectangular theo hng (Rows), cot (Columns), lp (levels)) hoac sao chp xung quanh
mot dung tam (Polar), cc doi tuong ny nam trong khong gian 3 chieu.
* Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Modify\ 3D Operation\ 3D Array.
Cch 2: Command: 3Darray
Command: 3darray
Select objects: Chon cc doi tuong can sao chp.
Select objects: Chon tiep cc doi tuong can sao chp hoac nhan Enter ket thc lua
chon.
Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>: Lua chon cch sao chp.

Neu sao chp theo hnh chu nhat nhap vo R xuat hien cc dng phu sau:
Enter the number of rows (---) <1>: So hng can tao.
Enter the number of columns (///) <1>: So cot can tao.
Enter the number of levels (...) <1>: So lp can tao.
Specify the distance between rows (---): Khoang cch gia cc dng.
Specify the distance between columns (///): Khoang cch gia cc cot.
Specify the distance between levels (...): Khoang cch gia cc lp.

Mat phang doi xng
Truc khi Mirror3D Sau khi Mirror3D
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - 1'
Neu sao chp quanh mot truc lua chon P cc dng nhac phu sau xuat hien:
Enter the number of items in the array: Nhap vo so phan tu can tao.
Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: Nhap vo gc quay quanh truc, gc
c gi tri am (-) neu cng chieu kim dong ho, c gi tri duong (+) neu nguoc chieu
kim dong ho.
Rotate arrayed objects? [es/Ao] <>: C quay cc doi tuong khi sao chp hay
khong?
Specify center point of array: Chon diem dau th nhat cua truc quay.
Specify second point on axis of rotation: Chon diem th hai cua truc quay.






IV. Sap xep cc doi tuong trong khong gian 3 chieu (Lenh Align)
Lenh Align dng de di v quay cc doi tuong trong khong gian 3 chieu.
*Cc cch pht lenh:
Cch 1: Modify\ 3D Operation\ Align.
Cch 2: Command: Align
Command: al
Select objects: Chon doi tuong can sap xep.
Select objects: Chon tiep cc doi tuong can sap xep hoac nhan Enter ket thc lua
chon.
Specify first source point: Chon diem nguon th nhat.
Specify first destination point: Chon diem di den th nhat.
Specify second source point: Chon diem nguon th hai.
Specify second destination point: Chon diem di den th hai.
Specify third source point or <continue>: Chon diem nguon th ba.
Specify third destination point: Chon diem di den th ba.

Sao chp theo Rectangular Sao chp theo Polar
Truc quay
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - 1.
V. Ghi kch thuoc v to mat cat cc mo hnh 3D
e ghi kch thuc hoac to mat cat cua cc doi tuong trong mo hnh 3D, ta thay doi he toa
do UCS sau d cho doi tuong can ghi kch thuc nam trong mat phang lm viec (mat
phang XY) cua UCS hien hnh v ghi kch thuc hoac to mat cat tuong tu nhu ghi trong
ban v 2D.









VI. In mo hnh 3D
` Cm cc bc c bn sau:
B1: Chuyn h trc ta d quy c cho hinh v (UCS --~ X, Y, Z).
B2: Click chn Layout cn in.
B3: To cac khung nhin cn thit bng lnh Vports --~ Chn cac khung nhin cn
thit. (Nu cn).
B4: iu chnh cac di tng cn thit --~ Ghi kich thc, Chen Block, Khung
tn cn thit. (Nu cn).
B5: Cai dt trang in (Page Setup): File --~ Plot.--~ Thit lp trang in, May in,
Giy in, Vung in, Ch d mau in, Cac t l cn thit.

Sau khi chn cc thng s thich hp ta click chn Ok.

h Lu : Trong chng trinh AutoCAD nn tp k nng nhin trc khi v.
Nhin khai quat di tng v, nn v bt du t dau ?, kt thuc t dau ? va
dung nhng lnh nao la dn gin nht, nhanh nht ?...
Truc khi Align Sau khi Align
P1`
P2`
P3`
P1
P2
P3
Ghi kch thuc Gach mat cat
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - 1
CHUONG IX:
TO BNG MO HNH KHOI RAN 3D

I. Phu mu len mo hnh khoi ran (Shade)
Lenh Shade phu len doi tuong 3D bng cua mu goc v che giau cc nt khuat. N khong
anh huong cua nh sng. Ban v Shade thung dng de xem, khong dng de in ra giay.
* Cc cch goi lenh:
Cch 1: View\ Shade\ Chon cch to tuong ng.
Cch 2: Kch chon cch to tuong ng tren thanh cong cu Shade.
Cch 3: Command: Shademode\ Nhap chon cch to tuong ng.

* Thanh cong cu Shade:









II. Lenh to bng khoi ran (Render)
Lenh Render dng de to bng doi tuong 3D ty theo diem chieu sng, cung do sng v
loai snglm cho anh c an tuong nhu that.

* Thanh cong cu Render:




1. Tao nguon sng (Lenh Light):
Khi to bng mo hnh chng ta nen tao ngun sng de hnh
anh trong giong nhu that v hap dan hon.
* Cc cch goi lenh:
Cch 1: View\ Render\ Light
Cch 2: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong ng tren thanh Render.
Cch 3: Command: Light
Dang khung day.

Dang khung day nhung che khuat cc nt ben trong.
Dang bng sac canh.
Dang bng min.
Dang bng sac canh c dung lui bao quanh.
Dang bng min c dung lui bao quanh.

.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - 11
* Sau khi goi lenh xuat hien hop thoai:
New: Tao nguon sng mi.
Lights: Danh sch nguon sng.
Cc kieu nguon sng:
Point light : Nguon sng diem.
Spot light : Nguon sng cuc bo .
Distant light : Nguon sng song song.
Dac diem chung cho cc kieu roi sng:
Intensity : ieu chinh cung do sng.
Color : Thay doi mu sac nguon sng.
Modify : Thay doi lai mot nguon sng
cu d chon.
Select : Chon diem gn nh sng.
Delete : Dng de xa nh sng khong dng den na.
North location : Neu chon th ta phai xc dinh lai hung Bac.

a. Hop hoi thoai nguon sng point light:
Light name : Ten nguon sng.
Intensity : Cung do sng, neu ga tri
ny bang 0 th nguon sng bi tat.
Position :
Modify: Xc dinh vi tr nguon sng.
Enter light location <current>: Chon
diem chieu sng.
Show: e hien vi tr nguon sng.
Color: Chon mu nguon sng qua 2 nt:
Select Colorv Select Indexed
Attenuation: inh cch thc giam cung
do sng theo khoang cch.
None : Khong giam theo khoang cch.
Inverse linear : Cung do ty le nghich vi khoang cch.
Inverse square : Cung do ty le nghich vi bnh phuong khoang cch.
Shadow: ieu khien viec to bng vat the qua nt Shadow Options

b. Hop hoi thoai nguon sng spot light:
* Iuong tu nguon sang point light.
* Khc biet:
Hotspot : Vng sng.
Falloff : Vng sng m.
Modify : Xc dinh vi tr nguon sng.
Enter light target <current>: Vi tr
muc tieu.
Enter light location <current>: Vi
tr nguon sng.
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - 1
c. Hop hoi thoai nguon sng distant light:
* Iuong tu nguon sang point light.
* Khc biet :
Enter light direction TO <current>:
Vi tr muc tieu.
Enter light direction FROM <current>:
Vi tr nguon sng.
Nt Sun angle calculator : Anh sng mat
tri.
* Khi chon xuat hien hop hoi thoai:
Date : Ngy
Clock time : Gi, xc dinh theo kieu gi
trong hop thoai ben dui.
Nt geographic location : Chon vng
tren ban do the gii.












2. Phoi hop canh v nguon sng (Lenh Scene):
Muc dch l gip ngui su dung nhn cc doi tuong da dinh san vi nhung vng nh
sng khc nhau.
* Cc cch goi lenh:
Cch 1: View\ Render\ Scene
Cch 2: Kch chuot vo bieu tuong ng tren thanh Render.
Cch 3: Command: Scene
Chon New roi dat ten trong muc Scene name.
Chon ten tam nhn trong cua so Views (Current: Vng nhn hien hnh).
Chon ten nguon sng tong ng vi tam nhn njy (ALL: Chon tat ca nguon sng).
Chon xong --> OK.
.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - 1c
3. Lenh Rmat (Materials):
Khi ta thiet ke mot mo hnh v trnh dien n o dang mo hnh phoi canh , neu muon
thiet phuc ngui xem th chng ta nen chon mau vat lieu de gn cho cc doi tuong.
Cch 1 : View\ Render\ Materials
Cch 2 : Kch chuot vo bieu tuong ng tren thanh Render.
Cch 3 : Command: Rmat

Vat lieu mac dinh l GLOBAL.
Modify : Sua doi tnh chat cua vat
lieu dang chon.
New : Tao vat lieu mi.
Duplicate : Tao vat lieu mi t vat
lieu c san.
Standard : Cc kieu vat lieu.
Select : Chon mot vat lieu c san
de gn cho doi tuong.
Attach : Chon doi tuong muon gn vat lieu.
By ACI : Chon doi tuong theo mu.
By layer : Gn theo lp.
Material Library: Thu vien cc vat
lieu c san.
Preview : Xem truc vat lieu.
Import : Chon vat lieu.
Export : Bo xung vat lieu vo thu
vien.
Current Drawing : Danh sch vat lieu.
Current Library : Kieu vat lieu.

Tao chat lieu moi: New --> Xuat hien hop thoai:
(Dng chung cho Modify v Duplicate)
Material name : Ten chat lieu.
Color/Pattern : Mu cua vat lieu.
Ambient : Thay doi cung do
nh sng moi trung.
Reflection : Thay doi cung do
sng phan xa.
Roughness : Thay doi do nhm.
Transparency : Thay doi do trong
suot.
Refraction : Thay doi do phan
chieu (Chi tc dung vi kieu Photo
Raytrace).
Bump map : Gn mot anh Bitmap vo vat lieu, chi the hien khi Render kieu to
bng l Photo Real, Photo Raytrace.
Value : Chi so cua cc tnh chat.
Find file : Chon anh Bitmap.

.+m . |1c ic ' |.h! |c .|m| |+'c|| |
||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - 1
4. Lenh to bng (Render):
Dng de gn nh sng da duoc thiet lap san hoac cc mau vat lieu, mu nncho cc
doi tuong da ch dinh.
* Cc cch goi lenh:
Cch 1 : View\ Render\ Render
Cch 2 : Kch chuot vo bieu tuong
ng tren thanh Render.
Cch 3 : Command: Render
Trong cua so Scene to Render
chon kieu Scene muon Render.
Nhan render.

* Hieu chnh lenh Render (Lenh Preferences):
(Hop thoai tuong tu nhu hop thoai Render)
Render type: Kieu Render (Render, Photo Real, Photo Raytrace).
Render option:
Smooth Shade: Lm lng min
cc be mat.
Apply Materials: Gn vat lieu
neu c.
Shadow: Tao bng (Kieu Photo
Real, Photo Raytrace).
Render Cache: Cc thong tin ve
Render duoc ghi vo Cache file
dia cng.
Light Icon Scale : o phng dai
cua cc bieu tuong nguon sng.
Smoothing Angle: 45 - Gc cuc dai
lm cho cc be mat tron lng l 45
O
.
More Options: Ty chon to bng.
Rendering procedure:
Query for Selections: Xuat hien dng nhac Select object cho php chon cc doi
tuong khi thuc hien lenh Render.
Crop Window: Pick crop window to render: Chon vng xc dinh bang mot hnh
ch nhat de Render.
Skip Render Dialog: Khong xuat hien hop hoi thoai khi goi lenh Render.
Destination: Chon noi ket xuat de to bng.
Viewports: Hnh to bng nam trong cua so hien hnh.
Render window : Hnh to bng nam trong cua so rieng, c the in hnh to bng
hoac luu thnh tap tin .bmp.
File: C the chon luu thnh kieu tap tin .tga, .bmp, .pcx, .tiff qua muc More
Options.
Sub Sampling: Chon ti le, ti le cng cao th thi gian to bng cng nhanh nhung
chat luong to bng giam.

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||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - 1S
Background: Hau canh.
Solid : Phong mu.
Gradient: Nhng dai mu nam ngang.
Image : Phong l mot nen anh.
Merge : Dng hnh AutoCAD hien tai lm phong.
Lenh Fog (View\ Render\ Fog...): Tao canh xa m cho hnh to bng.

* Chn hnh vo ban ve:
9 Lenh Lsnew (View\ Rrender\ Landscape
New): Chn hnh ngui , cay co...vo ban
v. Khi chn th doi tuong Landscape l
hnh tam gic hoac hnh ch nhat. Hnh
chn s hien ra khi ta to bng kieu Photo
Real hoac Photo Raytrace.
9 Lenh Lsedit (View\ Render\ Landscape
Edit): Hieu chinh doi tuong Landscape.
9 Lenh Lslib (View\ Render\ Landscape
Library) : Thu vien cc doi tuong
Landscape, c the thay doi tao mi cc
doi tuong Landscape.



















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Bi tap: Tien hnh cc thao tc da hoc v ve cc hnh sau:






















Hnh 6.1
Hnh 6.2
Hnh 6.3
Hnh 6.5 Hnh 6.4
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||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - C






















Hnh 6.6
Hnh 6.7
Hnh 6.8
Hnh 6.9
Hnh 6.10
Hnh 6.11
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||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - '
Hnh 6.13
Hnh 6.12
Hnh 6.14 Hnh 6.15
Hnh 6.16
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||`m cim \1 ||m| -1i . |` \m .|`+ .im - .
Mo Hnh Cau Thang:

































Bi Tap Tong Hop 2
Bi Tap Tong Hop 1
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Muc Luc

CHUONG I: Mot so thao tc co ban trong AutoCAD 3D
9 Gii thieu ve AutoCAD.
9 ac diem cua phan mem AutoCAD.
9 Khoi dong v thot khoi AutoCAD.
9 Cc thnh phan v cau trc cua mn hnh do hoa.
9 Mot so phm chon.
9 Cc lenh thao tc tren ban v.
9 Lenh thiet lap ban v co ban v he toa do.
1. Lenh tao kho giay Mvsetup.
2. Ihiet lap gioi han ban ve bng lenh Limits.
3. He toa do.
9 Mot so cong cu thung su dung trong CAD3D, Cch chuyen t 2D sang 3D v
nguoc lai.
9 inh diem trong mo hnh khong gian 3 chieu (Lenh Vpoint).
9 Tao cc khung nhn tinh (Lenh Vports).
9 Cc phuong php nhap toa do cua mot diem trong khong gian 3 chieu.
CHUONG II: He toa do v cc phuong php nhap diem chnh xc
9 Cc he toa do trong ban v AutoCAD.
9 Mot so lenh ve toa do.
1. Lenh UCS/COA.
2. Lenh UCS (Iao he toa do moi).
9 Cc phuong thc truy bat diem doi vi doi tuong 3D.
CHUONG III: Mo hnh 3D dang khung day
1. Da tuyen 3D (Lenh 3Dpoly).
2. \e dung cong bng lenh Spline.
3. Hieu chinh da tuyen 3D (Lenh Pedit).
4. Ko cac doi tuong 2D thnh mt 3D (Elevation, Ihickness).
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CHUONG IV: 3Dface v cc mat 3D chuan
9 Mat phang 3D (3Dface).
9 Cc doi tuong mat 3D (3D objects, lenh 3D).
1. Lenh tao mt hop ch nhat Box.
2. Mt non Cone.
3. Mt nua cau duoi Dish.
4. Mt nua cau tren Dome.
5. Hinh da dien Pyramid.
6. Mt luoi Mesh.
7. Mt cau.
8. Mt xuyen Iorus.
9. Mt hinh nem Bedge.
CHUONG V: Mat luoi da gic (3D Polygon meshes)
9 Lenh Edgesurf (Mat dang tam tham bay).
9 Lenh Revsurf (Mat trn xoay).
9 Lenh Rulesurf (Mat ke).
9 Lenh Tabsurf (Mat tru).
CHUONG VI: Tao mo hnh 3D khoi ran(Solids)
9 Tao cc mien (Region).
9 Khoi hop ch nhat (Lenh Box).
9 Khoi hnh nem (Lenh Wedge).
9 Khoi nn (Lenh Cone).
9 Khoi tru (Lenh Cylinder).
9 KHoi cau (Lenh Sphere).
9 Khoi xuyen (Lenh Torus).
9 Ko di doi tuong 2D thnh khoi ran 3D (Lenh Extrude).
9 Khoi trn xoay (Lenh Revolve).
9 Mot so php ton dai so cho khoi ran: Cong khoi ran (Union), tr khoi ran
(Subtract), giao khoi ran (Intersection).
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CHUONG VII: Hieu chnh mo hnh khoi ran
9 Vt mp canh khoi ran (Lenh Chamfer).
9 Tao gc luon tai giao tuyen gia cc mat cua khoi ran (Lenh Fillet).
9 Cat khoi ran thnh hai phan (Lenh Slice).
CHUONG VIII: Cc lenh ho tro thiet ke mo hnh 3D
9 Php xoay cc doi tuong chung quanh mot truc (Lenh Rotate3D).
9 Php lay doi xng cc doi tuong qua mot mat phang (Lenh Mirror3D).
9 Sao chp dy cc doi tuong trong khong gian 3 chieu (Lenh 3Darray).
9 Sap xep cc doi tuong trong khong gian 3 chieu (Lenh Align).
9 Ghi kch thuc v to mat cat cc mo hnh 3D.
9 In mo hnh 3D.
CHUONG IX: To bng mo hnh hhoi ran 3D

9 Phu mu len mo hnh khoi ran (Shade).
9 Lenh to bng khoi ran (Render).
1. Iao nguon sang (Lenh Light).
2. Phoi hop canh v nguon sang (Lenh Scene).
3. Lenh Rmat (Materials).
4. Lenh to bong (Render).