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LI M U
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Lun vn tt nghip
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Lun vn tt nghip
CHNG I
C S L LUN CHUNG V VN LU NG V HIU
QU S DNG VN LU NG
1.1. Tng quan v vn lu ng trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh
1.1.1. Khi nim, c im vn lu ng
1.1.1.1. Khi nim
Vn lu ng l biu hin bng tin ca ton b ti sn lu ng nhm
m bo cho qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh c din ra thng xuyn lin tc.
Trong doanh nghip thng mi, vn lu ng thng th hin qua nhng hnh
thi: Tin v cc khon u t ti chnh ngn hn, cc khon phi thu ngn hn,
hng ho tn kho v ti sn lu ng khc.
1.1.1.2. c im
c im th nht: Vn lu ng ca doanh nghip thng xuyn
chuyn ha qua nhiu hnh thi khc nhau to thnh s tun hon ca vn lu
ng.
+ Trong doanh nghip sn xut, vn lu ng c vn ng v chuyn
ha qua 3 giai on:
Giai on 1: Giai on d tr vt t. Vn bng tin c chuyn ha
thnh vn d tr.
Giai on 2: Giai on sn xut. Vn lu ng c chuyn ha t
vn d tr thnh sn phm d dang, bn thnh phm v kt thc qu trnh sn
xut chuyn thnh phm.
Giai on 3: Giai on lu thng. Vn lu ng t hnh thi thnh
phm hng ha chuyn li thnh tin nh hnh thi ban u ca n v kt thc
k chu chuyn.
Ni chung s vn ng ca vn lu ng trong doanh nghip sn xut
c m t nh sau:
T H ... SX ... H- T
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Lun vn tt nghip
Tu theo loi hnh doanh nghip thuc cc thnh phn kinh t khc nhau m
vn ch s hu c ni dung c th ring: S vn lu ng c ngn sch nh
nc cp (i vi cc doanh nghip nh nc); s vn do cc thnh vin (i
vi loi hnh doanh nghip cng ty) hoc do ch doanh nghip t nhn b ra; s
vn lu ng tng thm t li nhn b sung; s vn gp t lin doanh lin kt;
s vn lu ng huy ng c qua pht hnh c phiu.
+ N phi tr: L cc khon c hnh thnh t vn i vay cc Ngn
hng thng mi hoc cc t chc ti chnh khc, vn vay thng qua pht hnh
tri phiu, cc khon n khch hng cha thanh ton. Doanh nghip ch c
quyn s dng cc khon ny trong mt thi gian xc nh.
Cch phn loi ny cho thy kt cu vn lu ng ca doanh nghip
c hnh thnh t vn ca bn thn doanh nghip hay t cc khon n. T
doanh nghip c cc quyt nh trong huy ng v qun l, s dng vn lu
ng hp l hn, m bo an ninh ti chnh trong s dng vn ca doanh
nghip.
Mi cch phn loi u t c nhng yu cu nht nh trong cng tc
qun l v s dng vn lu ng, gip cho doanh nghip xc nh ng trng
im, qun l vn hiu qu hn, ph hp vi iu kin kinh doanh c th ca
doanh nghip.
1.1.3. Vai tr ca vn lu ng trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh
ca doanh nghip
tin hnh sn xut, ngoi ti sn c nh nh my mc, thit b, nh
xng... doanh nghip phi b ra mt lng tin nht nh mua sm hng
ha, nguyn vt liu... phc v cho qu trnh sn xut. Nh vy, vn lu ng l
iu kin u tin doanh nghip i vo hot ng hay ni cch khc vn lu
ng l iu kin tin quyt ca qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh.
Mc khc trong doanh nghip, s vn ng ca vn m ch yu l vn
lu ng phn nh s vn ng ca vt t, do vn lu ng cn l cng c
phn nh v kim tra qui trnh vn ng ca vt t. Ngha l trong doanh nghip
vn lu ng nhiu hay t th hin s lng vt t hay hng ho d tr cc
khu nhiu hay t, hoc l vn lu ng lun chuyn nhanh hay chm th phn
nh vt t c s dng c tit kim hay khng, thi gian nm cc khu trong
sn xut v lu ng sn phm c hp l hay khng. V vy qua tnh hnh lun
SVTH: Bi Th L Thy_Lp 33K15
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Lun vn tt nghip
VL auky+ VL cuoiky
2
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Lun vn tt nghip
VL authang
1
VLBQ nam=
+ VL authang
+ . . . + VL authang
+
2
12
VL cuoithang
12
2
12
n gin trong tnh ton ta s dng cng thc tnh VLBQ gn ng:
VLBQ nam=
VL aunam+ VL cuoinam
2
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Lun vn tt nghip
DTKD0
-
VL0
VL0
VL
DTKD1
-
VL1
SVL =
Nh vy:
VL0
DTKD
VL
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LNST0
-
VL0
VL0
LNST1
VL
VL1
Nh vy:
DVL =
LNST1
LNST
VL0
VL
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Lun vn tt nghip
Ch tiu
ngha
1. S vng quay
hng tn kho
(HTK)
Gi vn hng bn
2. S ngy 1
vng quay hng
tn kho
4. S ngy 1
360
Cho bit s ngy cn thit thu hi
vng quay n
cc khon phi thu trong k. Ch tiu
S vng quay khon phi
phi thu
ny cng nh, tc thu hi cng n
thu
phi thu cng nhanh.
Cc ch tiu phn tch ny s c tnh ton v nh gi phn c cu
vn lu ng ca cng ty.
Tm li c nhiu ch tiu nh gi hiu qu s dng vn lu ng, tuy
nhin nh gi ng, chnh xc th cc nh qun l phi c trnh chuyn
mn vng vng, da trn c s phn tch cc nhn t nh hng n hot ng
sn xut kinh doanh v thc trng nn ti chnh ca doanh nghip c th ra
nhng quyt nh cn thit i vi vic s dng vn ca doanh nghip.
1.2.3. Phn tch tnh hnh qun l v s dng vn lu ng nh hng
n cn bng ti chnh ca cng ty
nh gi cn bng ti chnh ta thng dng cc ch tiu sau:
+ Vn lu ng rng (VLR):
VLR = Ti sn ngn hn - N ngn hn
+ Nhu cu vn lu ng rng (NCVLR):
NCVLR = Hng tn kho + N phi thu ngn hn N phi tr ngn hn
(khng k n vay)
SVTH: Bi Th L Thy_Lp 33K15
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Lun vn tt nghip
CHNG II
THC TRNG HIU QU S DNG VN LU NG
TI CNG TY TNHH MTV VT LIU XY DNG - XY
LP V KINH DOANH NH NNG
2.1. Khi qut chung v cng ty TNHH MTV Vt liu Xy dng
Xy lp v Kinh doanh nh Nng
2.1.1. S lc v lch s hnh thnh v pht trin
2.1.1.1. Qu trnh hnh thnh
- Cng ty TNHH MTV Vt liu Xy dng Xy lp v Kinh doanh nh
Nng l mt doanh nghip nh nc c tr s ng ti 158 Nguyn Ch
Thanh Nng, c thnh lp vo ngy 20/01/1976 do Ch tch y ban
Cch Mng Qung k theo quyt nh s: 427/Q/CTUB vi tn gi l cng
ty Vt liu Xy dng Qung .
- Vo nm 1986, cng ty c i tn l X nghip lin hip sn xut vt
liu xy dng v xut khu theo quyt nh s 758/Q-UB ngy 03/03/1986
ca y ban nhn dn tnh Qung Nam Nng.
- Ngy 05/11/1992, y ban nhn dn tnh Qung Nam Nng ra quyt
nh s 3162/Q-UB i tn l Cng ty Vt liu xy dng v xut khu
Qung Nam Nng do S Xy dng Qung Nam Nng qun l.
- Ngy 02/11/1994, Cng ty gii tn hot ng khai thc v ch
bin xut khu do khng mang li hiu qu. Mt khc m nhn thm chc
nng xy lp v kinh doanh nh nn i tn l Cng ty Vt liu Xy dng - Xy
lp v Kinh doanh nh Nng theo quyt nh s 2072/Q-UB.
- Ngy 11/07/2010, cng ty chnh thc i tn thnh cng ty TNHH
MTV Vt liu Xy dng - Xy lp v Kinh doanh nh Nng v hot ng
cho n nay.
2.1.1.2. Qu trnh pht trin
Thi gian u mi i vo hot ng vic t chc cng tc ti n v cha
c n nh. Thi gian ny n v kinh doanh t mt hng, ch yu l cc vt
liu xy dng nh: xi mng, st thp, gch ngi, ct, cung ng cho cc
a phng trong tnh.
SVTH: Bi Th L Thy_Lp 33K15
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Lun vn tt nghip
PH GIM
C
Phng ti
chnh k
ton
Nh
my
gch
Tuynen
Tam
Phc
X
nghip
xy
lp v thi
cng
c gii
Phng k
hoch
X
nghip
B tng
v xy
lp Ha
Khnh
Phng t
chc hnh
chnh
X
nghip
Gch
Qung
Thng
Cc
ca
hng
vt liu
xy
dng
Phng kinh
doanh vt
liu xy dng
Phng xy
lp v kinh
doanh
Cc
i
xy
dng
Ch thch:
: Quan h ch o
: Quan h phi hp chc nng
SVTH: Bi Th L Thy_Lp 33K15
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i
nhm
knh
Lun vn tt nghip
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Lun vn tt nghip
K ton
vn bng
tin, tin
gi ngn
hng
K ton
vt t
hng ha,
cng n
K
ton
tin
lng
K ton
TSC v
thanh
ton ni
b
Th
qu
K ton cc n v
Ch thch:
Quan h ch o
Quan h phi hp chc nng
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Lun vn tt nghip
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Lun vn tt nghip
Nm 2008
Gi tr
VN
92,155,288,949
21,944,811
92,133,344,138
4. Gi vn hng bn
83,521,830,917
5. Li nhun gp v bn hng v cung cp dch v 8,611,513,221
6. Doanh thu hot ng ti chnh
1,436,163,162
7. Chi ph hot ng ti chnh
2,179,592,318
Trong: Chi ph li vay
8. Chi ph bn hng
9. Chi ph qun l doanh nghip
10. Li nhun thun t hot ng kinh doanh
11. Thu nhp khc
12. Chi ph khc
13. Li nhun khc
14. Tng li nhun k ton trc thu
15. CP thu TNDN hin hnh
16. CP thu TNDN hon li
SVTH: Bi Th L Thy_Lp 33K15
1,453,061,560
185,327,025
816,565,110
6,866,191,930
328,845,134
228,075,903
100,769,231
6,966,961,161
1,950,749,125
0
Nm 2009
Tng so
Gi tr
2008 (%)
VN
157,458,293,16
5
70.86
26,857,629
22.39
157,431,435,53
6
70.87
140,285,992,00
7
67.96
17,145,443,529
99.10
1,046,611,070
-27.12
4,259,376,761
95.42
146.5
3,582,813,960
7
196,020,352
5.77
918,173,626
12.44
12,818,483,860
86.69
107.4
682,279,680
8
190.0
661,524,305
5
20,755,375
-79.40
12,839,239,235
84.29
3,209,809,809
64.54
0
Nm 2010
Gi tr
VN
183,762,854,93
5
25,246,212
183,737,608,72
3
164,312,930,62
1
19,424,678,102
2,137,203,102
3,503,951,822
Tng so
2008 (%)
16.71
-6.00
16.71
17.13
13.29
104.20
-17.74
2,382,932,740
201,346,785
997,246,530
16,859,336,067
-33.49
2.72
8.61
31.52
537,894,473
-21.16
519,135,360
18,759,113
16,878,095,180
4,219,523,795
0
-21.52
-9.62
31.46
31.46
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Lun vn tt nghip
17. Li nhun sau thu TNDN
9,629,429,426
91.97
12,658,571,385
31.46
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Lun vn tt nghip
Triu ng
2009
2010
Nm
Trang 34
Lun vn tt nghip
Trang 35
Lun vn tt nghip
Ch tiu
I. Tng ti sn
A. Ti sn ngn hn
1. Tin v cc khon tng ng tin
2. u t ti chnh ngn hn
3. N phi thu ngn hn
4. Hng tn kho
5. Ti sn ngn hn khc
B. Ti sn di hn
1. N phi thu di hn
2. Ti sn c nh
3. u t ti chnh di hn
4. Ti sn di hn khc
II. Ngun vn
A. N phi tr
1. N ngn hn
VN
51,468,239,20
2
39,857,776,97
9
3,347,736,904
126,015,219
16,373,683,78
7
19,109,317,28
7
901,023,782
11,610,462,22
3
16,781,974
11,353,021,90
4
240,658,345
268,170,412
51,468,239,20
2
30,069,198,97
7
25,898,812,45
7
Nm 2009
Gi tr
T
trng
(%)
100
77.4
4
6.50
0.24
31.8
1
37.1
3
1.75
22.5
6
0.03
22.0
6
0.47
0.52
100
58.4
2
50.3
2
VN
65,163,252,58
7
50,594,828,05
7
6,400,150,379
208,456,012
19,424,812,25
6
23,728,510,38
4
832,899,026
14,568,424,52
9
13,963,745
14,323,778,84
2
230,681,942
243,186,707
65,163,252,58
7
35,000,249,48
4
29,793,074,43
4
T
trng
(%)
Nm 2010
Tng
so
2008
(%)
100
77.6
4
26.61
9.82
0.32
29.8
1
36.4
1
1.28
22.3
6
0.02
21.9
8
0.35
0.37
91.18
65.42
100
53.7
1
45.7
2
26.94
18.63
24.17
-7.56
25.48
-16.79
26.17
-4.15
-9.32
26.61
16.40
15.04
Gi tr
VN
65,889,419,61
2
48,606,278,80
5
12,581,006,26
8
216,305,508
18,587,730,13
1
16,250,857,92
4
970,378,974
17,283,140,80
7
10,132,852
16,980,969,18
9
292,038,766
300,086,481
65,889,419,61
2
29,833,214,80
4
24,224,021,59
2
T
trng
(%)
100
73.7
7
19.0
9
0.33
28.2
1
24.6
6
1.47
26.2
3
0.02
25.7
7
0.44
0.46
100
45.2
8
36.7
6
Trang 36
Tng
so
2009
(%)
1.11
-3.93
96.57
0.00
-4.31
-31.51
16.51
18.63
-27.43
18.55
26.60
23.40
1.11
-14.76
-18.69
Lun vn tt nghip
2. N di hn
B. Ngun vn ch s hu
1. Vn ch s hu
2. Ngun kinh ph v qu khc
8.10
41.5
8
41.4
3
0.14
5,207,175,050
30,163,003,10
3
30,040,285,75
8
122,717,345
7.99
46.2
9
46.1
0
0.19
24.86
40.95
40.87
66.24
5,609,193,212
36,056,204,80
9
35,854,628,49
9
201,576,310
8.51
54.7
2
54.4
2
0.31
Trang 37
7.72
19.54
19.36
64.26
Lun vn tt nghip
Anh
Triu ng
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
T i sn di hn
20,000
T i sn ngn hn
10,000
0
2008
2009
2010
Nm
Triu ng
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
Vn ch s hu
20,000
N phi tr
10,000
0
2008
2009
2010
Nm
Trang 38
Lun vn tt nghip
Anh
VT
Triu ng
1. Vn lu ng
Triu ng
2. Tng ti sn
3. T trng vn lu ng
4. Mc tng vn lu ng
5. Tc tng vn lu ng
6. Mc tng ti sn
7. Tc tng ti sn
%
Triu ng
%
Triu ng
%
2008
39,85
8
51,46
8
77.44
2009
50,59
5
65,16
3
77.64
10,73
7
26.94
13,69
5
26.61
2010
48,606
65,889
73.77
-1,989
-3.93
726
1.11
Trang 39
Lun vn tt nghip
Anh
Ch tiu
Tng vn lu ng
Vn bng tin
u t ti chnh ngn
hn
Khon phi thu
Hng tn kho
Ti sn lu ng khc
126 0.32
208 0.41
82 65.42
216 0.45
8 3.77
16,374 41.08 19,425 38.39 3,051 18.63 18,588 38.24 -837 -4.31
19,109 47.94 23,729 46.90 4,619 24.17 16,251 33.43 -7,478 -31.51
901 2.26
833 1.65
-68 -7.56 970.38 2.00
137 16.51
Biu 4: C cu vn lu ng ca cng ty
C CU VN LU NG
60,000
T i sn lu ng khc
50,000
Hng tn kho
40,000
30,000
u t ti chnh ngn hn
20,000
Vn bng tin
10,000
0
2008
2009
2010
Nm
Trang 40
Lun vn tt nghip
Anh
Trang 41
Lun vn tt nghip
Nm 2008
Gi tr
T trng
VN
(%)
Tng vn lu ng
39,857,776,979
1. Vn bng tin
3,347,736,904
- Tin mt ti qu
1,492,086,338
- Tin gi ngn hng
1,855,650,566
2. Cc khon u t ti chnh ngn hn 126,015,219
- u t ngn hn
131,672,755
- D phng gim gi u t ngn hn
(5,657,536)
3. Khon phi thu
16,373,683,787
- Phi thu khch hng
10,943,944,418
- Tr trc cho ngi bn
4,031,259,702
- Phi thu ni b
942,902,152
- Cc khon phi thu khc
461,973,540
- D phng phi thu kh i
(6,396,025)
4. Hng tn kho
19,109,317,287
- Nguyn liu, vt liu tn kho
7,696,977,792
- Cng c, dng c tn kho
4,867,801,230
6,463,142,893
- Chi ph sn xut kinh doanh d dang
- Thnh phm tn kho
81,395,372
6. Ti sn lu ng khc
901,023,782
- Tm ng
352,018,700
- Chi ph tr trc
304,258,159
- K cc, k qu ngn hn
244,746,923
SVTH: Bi Th L Thy_Lp 33K15
100
8.40
3.74
4.66
0.32
0.33
(0.01)
41.08
27.46
10.11
2.37
1.16
(0.02)
47.94
19.31
12.21
16.22
0.20
2.26
0.88
0.76
0.61
Nm 2009
Nm 2010
Gi tr
T trng Tng so 2008
Gi tr
T trng Tng so 2009
VN
(%)
(%)
VN
(%)
(%)
50,594,828,05
48,606,278,80
7
100
26.94
5
100
-3.93
6,400,150,379
12.65
91.18 12,581,006,268
25.88
96.57
2,940,062,031
5.81
97.04 5,144,755,516
10.58
74.99
3,460,088,348
6.84
86.46 7,436,250,752
15.30
114.92
208,456,012
0.41
65.42
216,305,508
0.45
3.77
211,552,135
0.42
60.67
216,305,508
0.45
2.25
(3,096,123)
(0.01)
-45.27
0
0.00
-100
19,424,812,256
38.39
18.63 18,587,730,131
38.24
-4.31
13,857,080,985
27.39
26.62 12,798,022,566
26.33
-7.64
3,928,257,235
7.76
-2.56 4,180,254,428
8.60
6.41
958,411,391
1.89
1.64
953,854,135
1.96
-0.48
685,097,164
1.35
48.30
659,618,154
1.36
-3.72
(4,034,519)
(0.01)
-36.92
(4,019,152)
(0.01)
-0.38
23,728,510,384
46.90
24.17 16,250,857,924
33.43
-31.51
9,865,493,000
19.50
28.17 7,030,214,520
14.46
-28.74
4,296,123,605
8.49
-11.74 3,825,208,184
7.87
-10.96
9,470,877,896
18.72
46.54 5,290,781,250
10.88
-44.14
96,015,883
0.19
17.96
104,653,970
0.22
9.00
832,899,026
1.65
-7.56
970,378,974
2.00
16.51
294,260,000
0.58
-16.41
369,023,650
0.76
25.41
317,159,320
0.63
4.24
385,921,000
0.79
21.68
221,479,706
0.44
-9.51
215,434,324
0.44
-2.73
(Ngun: Bng cn i kt qu kinh doanh nm 2008, 2009, 2010)
Trang 42
Lun vn tt nghip
Trang 43
Lun vn tt nghip
Trang 44
Lun vn tt nghip
ng nhng t trng khon phi thu li gim xung, ch cn chim 38.39% tng
vn lu ng. iu ny l do mc tng ca khon phi thu nh hn mc tng
ca tng vn lu ng (tng vn lu ng tng 26.94% so vi nm 2008). n
nm 2010, cc khon phi thu gim xung, tc gim khong 4.31% nn t
trng cc khon phi thu ch cn chim 38.24%. Nghin cu thnh phn ca cc
khon phi thu, ta thy:
Khon phi thu trong 2009 tng l do:
- Phi thu ca khch hng trong nm 2009 tng 26.62% so vi nm 2008,
tng ng 2,913 triu ng. Trong nm 2009 kinh t th gii dn phc hi, sc
mua tng, chnh sch tn dng c ni lng nn vic tiu th hng c y
mnh. Cc khon phi thu khch hng v th m tng ln cng vi vic nhng
khon n ca nm trc cha thu hi c lm cho khon phi thu khch
hng tng ln. Trong phi thu khch hng nm ny th phn ln l do cng ty
tin hnh bn chu tng lng hng bn ra nhm tng doanh thu, mt b phn
nh l do cng ty cha thu c tin. Tuy nhin cng tc thm nh tn dng
khch hng trc khi tin hnh bn chu ti cng ty cn nhiu hn ch: Cha c
tiu chun r rng, thng tin khch hng cn thiu, khng kp thi.
- Khon tr trc cho ngi bn gim nh cho thy phn no uy tn ca
cng ty vi cc nh cung cp.
- Phi thu ni b v phi thu khc cng tng nhng cc khon mc ny
chim t trng nh; D phng gim gi n phi thu kh i gim.
Nh vy nguyn nhn chnh lm cc khon phi thu ca cng ty tng l
do phi thu ca khch hng tng mc cao v bi v khon phi thu ny chim
t trng ln nht trong tng s cc khon thu. Vic tng cc khon thu ngn hn
trn chng t n c cha thu ht pht sinh thm n mi, v th hin s vn
ca cng ty b chim dng tng ln. Nhng phn ln l cc khon phi thu u
cha n hn thanh ton do chnh sch tn dng ca cng ty trong nm nn vic
tng ln ca khon mc l kh hp l.
Khon phi thu trong nm 2010 gim so vi nm 2009 l do:
- Phi thu ca khch hng gim 1,059 triu ng vi t l gim 7.64%,
trong khi doanh thu vn tng. iu ny chng t cng ty lm tt cng tc thu
hi n, gip cho ng vn cng ty c quay vng nhiu hn, tng hiu qu s
Trang 45
Lun vn tt nghip
dng vn. Chnh s st gim ca khon phi thu ca khch hng gp phn
ng k lm gim khon phi thu ca cng ty.
- Phi thu ni b v cc khon phi thu khc gim hn 30 triu ng. Cn
khon tr trc cho ngi bn hng so vi nm 2009 tng 251.997 triu ng
vi t l tng 6.41%. y l im khng tt bi khi cng ty cha ly c hng
m phi chi tr trc mt s tin. iu ny chng t cng ty ang b n v
khc chim dng vn. V vy cng ty nn c gii php tt hn na trong hot
ng mua hng nh: Khi giao hng th cng ty mi tr tin, hay tin cng ty tr
trc cho khch hng th phi c tnh li cho n khi cng ty nhn c hng;
lm c iu ny cng ty cn th hin uy tn ca mnh i vi ngi bn
Cc khon phi thu, c bit l n phi thu khch hng gim l do trong
nm 2010, cng ty c nhiu n lc nhm gim n phi thu m bo duy tr
vn cho hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. Cc gii php thc hin nh cng ty
quy nh li sut pht trong trong trng hp khch hng thanh ton chm, li
sut pht cng tng nu thi gian n cng di, iu ny thc y khch hng
thanh ton nhanh hn. ng thi, cng ty da trn bo co ti chnh ca
khch hng, xem xt nhng ln tr n trc ca khch hng, t a ra nhng
chnh sch thanh ton ph hp i vi tng khch hng, hn ch c kh ln
vic hp tc vi cc khch hng c du hiu dy da n, xu hng pht trin
khng vng chc, gp phn gim tn tht do n khng th thu hi c.
Vic khon phi thu gim xung trong khi doanh thu bn hng v cung
cp dch v tng cao l tn hiu ng mng cho cng ty v n chng t cng ty
ang tch cc thu hi n, trnh gy ng vn cng nh s n lc v c gng
trong vic nng cao hiu qu kinh doanh. Cc khon phi thu gim c minh
chng bng ng cong i xung biu sau:
Biu 5: S bin ng khon phi thu
19600
19400
19425
19378
19200
19000
18800
18600
18,587
18400
18200
18000
2008
2009
2010
Nm
Trang 46
Lun vn tt nghip
n v
VN
2008
2009
92,133,344,13
8 157,431,435,536 183,737,608,723
VN
VN
2010
993,102,481
805,319,867
17,899,248,022 19,006,271,194
Vng
8.851
9.710
Ngy
41
37
Qua bng phn tch trn ta thy hiu sut s dng khon phi thu c xu
hng tng. Trong c hai nm 2009, 2010 th hn mt thng cng ty mi c th
thu hi c cc khon tn dng. Tuy nhin, s ngy 1 vng quay n phi thu
gim dn. Nm 2009, cng ty phi mt 41 ngy mi quay c 1 vng n phi
thu, tng ng vi 8.851 ln thu hi n phi thu. Sang nm 2010, s vng
quay n phi thu tng 0.859 vng nn ch cn 37 ngy th quay c 1 vng.
S vng quay n phi thu t 9.710 vng, tng ln so vi nm 2009, l
do s d bnh qun cc khon phi thu ch tng 6.18% trong khi doanh thu thun
v thu gi tr gia tng u ra tng 16.49%. Vic khon phi thu bnh qun tng
nh so vi mc tng ln ca doanh thu thun th hin c s n lc v c
gng ca ban lnh o cng ty trong cng tc qun l v s dng cc khon phi
thu, cng nh cc nhn vin ca cng ty trong vic thc thi cc chnh sch tn
dng, y mnh qu trnh thu hi cc khon cng n phi thu. Thi gian ti
cng ty cn phi tip tc ch trng tm bin php thu hi nhanh cc khon b
chim dng nhm y nhanh vng quay cc khon phi thu, gim s ngy ca
k thu tin, nng cao hiu qu s dng vn lu ng.
2.3.2.4. Hng tn kho
i vi bt k mt doanh nghip sn xut no th khon vn ny cng
chim t trng ln, nhng vn l phi ln mc hp l, tc m bo
cho qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh din ra thng xuyn lin tc khng nhiu
qu gy ng vn, khng thiu gy gin on qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh
hoc lm mt c hi kinh doanh. Trong c cu ti sn lu ng ca cng ty nm
SVTH: Bi Th L Thy_Lp 33K15
Trang 47
Lun vn tt nghip
Trang 48
Lun vn tt nghip
tc, to cng n vic lm cho cn b cng nhn vin ton cng ty. Tuy nhin
cng phi nhn nhn mt iu l cng ty cng c mt s hn ch trong qun l
v s dng hng tn kho cn khc phc: Cng ty cha xy dng c h thng
kim sot ni b hng tn kho tht hon thin v cht ch; cha thc hin dt
im cc hng mc cng trnh, tnh ng b trong sn xut cha cao nn chi ph
sn xut kinh doanh d dang cn nhiu.
V nh chng ta bit, nng cao tc lun chuyn ca vn lu
ng cn thit phi y nhanh tc lun chuyn hng tn kho. V vy nh
gi hiu qu s dng vn lu ng, chng ta nn xem xt mt s ch tiu lin
quan sau:
Ch tiu
1. Gi vn hng bn
n v
2008
2009
2010
21,418,913,836 19,989,684,154
6.550
8.220
55
44
Qua bng phn tch trn ta thy tc lun chuyn hng tn kho ca
cng ty t nm 2008 n nm 2010 c xu hng tng dn. Nm 2009, hng tn
kho ch quay c 6.55 vng nn mi vng quay ht 55 ngy. Nguyn nhn la
do cng ty d oan nhu cu tiu thu cho cac cng trinh trung thu vao nm
2009 tng ln nn mua d tr nguyn vt liu nhiu dn n hiu sut s dung
hang tn kho cao. Sang nm 2010, s tng ln ca gi vn hng bn (17.13%,
tng ng 24,027 triu ng) v s st gim ca gi tr hng tn kho bnh
qun (1,429 triu ng) khin s vng quay hng tn kho tng 1.67 vng so
vi nm 2009, t 8.22 vng. Nguyn nhn chnh khin gi vn tng mnh l
gi c nguyn vt liu u vo ngoi nhng nguyn vt liu cng ty t cung
cp c nh gi in, than, xng v mt s loi vt t khc tip tc tng mnh
trong nm. Thm , doanh thu trong nm c s gia tng, tc l hng ha,
thnh phm tiu th nhiu hn, ko theo l s gia tng ca gi vn hng
bn. S vng quay hng tn kho tng nn h qua tt yu la s ngay 1 vong
quay hng tn kho giam xung, sang nm 2010 cng ty chi cn cn 44 ngay
quay 1 vong gia tri hng tn kho trung binh, gim 11 ngy so vi nm 2009.
iu o cho thy hiu qua quan ly v s dng hng tn kho cua cng ty qua
SVTH: Bi Th L Thy_Lp 33K15
Trang 49
Lun vn tt nghip
Trang 50
Lun vn tt nghip
60,000
Triu ng
50,000
40,000
Vn ch s hu
30,000
N di hn
20,000
N ngn hn
10,000
0
2008
2009
2010
Nm
Trang 51
Lun vn tt nghip
Triu ng
30,000
25,000
20,000
N ngn hn khc
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
Vay v n ngn hn
2008
2009
2010
Nm
Trang 52
Lun vn tt nghip
n v
Nm 2008
Nm 2009
Nm 2010
VN
3. Vn lu ng bnh qun
VN
45,226,302,518 49,600,553,431
4. S vng quay VL
(4)=(1)/(3)
Vng
3.504
3.747
Ngy
103
96
6. H s m nhim ca
VL (6)=(3)/(1)
0.285
0.267
7. H s sinh li ca VL
(7)=(2)/(3)
0.213
0.255
VN
-3,444,209,867
Trang 53
Lun vn tt nghip
185,874,811,825
185,874,811,825
= -0.363
45,226,302,518
49,600,553,431
* nh hng ca nhn t doanh thu kinh doanh: Nu gi s vn lu ng
bnh qun khng thay i, doanh thu kinh doanh gy nn s thay i:
DTKD =
185,874,811,825
158,478,046,606
45,226,302,518
45,226,302,518
= +0.606
Trang 54
Lun vn tt nghip
doanh thu bn chu nn vn ca cng ty b chim dng t hn, lng khon phi
thu khc gim).
+ Doanh thu kinh doanh trong nm 2010 tng 27,397 triu ng so
vi nm 2009 lm s vng quay vn lu ng quay tng 0.606 vng. C th thy
vic tng c doanh thu kinh doanh gip cng ty c th y nhanh c s
vng quay vn lu ng. Vic tng doanh thu kinh doanh ny c c l do
cng ty c chnh sch kinh doanh hp l, nng cao cht lng sn phm,
gim lng hng bn b tr li... Tng doanh thu kinh doanh c nh gi l
mt phn thnh tch ca cng ty trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh.
Nh vy, s vng quay vn lu ng tng ln l do tc tng ca doanh
thu kinh doanh ln hn tc tng ca vn lu ng bnh qun. S vng quay
vn lu ng ca nm 2010 c xu hng tng ln th hin hiu qu s dng vn
lu ng c nng cao. Tuy nhin cng ty c s vng quay vn lu ng
khng cao mc d s vng quay vn lu ng c tng ln. Hin trng ny l do
c th hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty: (1) Trong hot ng xy
dng nh, thi gian thi cng ko di, sau khi hoan thanh cng trinh phai co thi
gian theo doi cht lng cng trinh do vy bn i tac cha thanh toan ngay ht
gia tri cua cng trinh nn mt phn gy ko di thi gian lun chuyn vn lu
ng, gim vng quay vn. (2) Cng ty sn xut v kinh doanh vt liu xy
dng, tc lun chuyn ca hng tn kho v n phi thu khng cao.
V thi gian lun chuyn vn lu ng (S ngy 1 vng quay vn
lu ng)
Ngc vi s vng quay ca vn lu ng, nu thi gian lun chuyn vn
lu ng c xu hng gim xung phn nh hiu qu s dng vn lu ng gia
tng ln v ngc li. Da vo bng tnh ton ta thy: Nm 2009, cng ty phi
mt 103 ngy hon thnh mt vng quay vn lu ng th n nm 2010 ch
mt 96 ngy thc hin mt vng quay vn lu ng. y l mt s ci thin
ng k trong hiu qu s dng vn lu ng, tuy nhin trong iu kin nn kinh
t th trng cnh tranh t do, cng ty cn n lc hn na nhm nng cao tc
lun chuyn vn lu ng, nng cao hiu qu hot ng ch c th mi m bo
c mt ch ng vng chc v mt s pht trin lu di ca cng ty.
Biu 8: Tc lun chuyn vn lu ng
Trang 55
Lun vn tt nghip
Vng
3.8
3.75
3.7
3.65
3.6
3.55
3.5
3.45
3.4
3.35
103
Ngy
104
3.747
102
100
\
3.504
96
98
96
S vng quay vn lu
ng
S ngy mt vng quay
VL
94
92
2009
2010
Nm
Mc tit kim vn lu ng
Qua bng trn ta thy, nm 2010, cng ty tit kim c
3,444,209,867 ng vn lu ng so vi nm 2009. Nh vy, cng ty tit kim
c lng vn lu ng kh cao, iu ny l do cng ty tng c tc
lun chuyn vn lu ng, vng quay vn lu ng nhanh hn. Kt qu ny
phn nh hiu qu s dng vn lu ng ca cng ty l kh tt v cn c pht
huy nhiu hn na.
Tm li, nm 2010 so vi nm 2009 th tc lun chuyn ca vn lu
ng tng ln, cng ty tit kim c mt lng vn lu ng kh cao.
Nguyn nhn chnh l do cng ty c chnh sch kinh doanh hp l, cht lng
sn phm vt liu xy dng c nng cao nn tng c doanh thu thun v
doanh thu ti chnh, t tng c doanh thu kinh doanh, gip y nhanh tc
lun chuyn vn lu ng.
Kin ngh: Trong k kinh doanh ti y nhanh tc lun chuyn vn
lu ng th cng ty cn phi y mnh hn na vic tng doanh thu thun (c
th bng cch tng sn lng hng bn, c chnh sch gi c hp l, chnh sch
bn hng hp l v s dng vn tit kim, hiu qu... ).
2.3.4.2. Ch tiu h s m nhim ca vn lu ng
Nhn li bng 5 ta thy h s m nhim vn lu ng ca cng ty qua
cc nm c s bin ng gim dn, nm 2009 cng ty phi mt 0.285 ng vn
lu ng mi to ra c mt ng doanh thu kinh doanh nhng n nm 2010
cng ty ch cn mt 0.267 ng to c mt ng doanh thu kinh doanh. H
s m nhim vn lu ng ca cng ty ang gim phn nh hiu qu s dng
vn lu ng c ci thin ng k. V y thc s l mt du hiu tt ni ln
Trang 56
Lun vn tt nghip
0.285
0.28
H s m
nhim ca vn
lu ng
0.275
0.27
0.27
0.265
0.26
2009
2010
Nm
Biu 9: H s m nhim ca vn lu ng
2.3.4.3. Ch tiu h s sinh li ca vn lu ng
Nhn chung, thng qua s phn tch cc ch tiu chng ta thy hiu qu s
dng vn lu ng ca cng ty xt trn tc lun chuyn vn lu ng v h
s m nhim ca vn lu ng th hiu qu s dng vn lu ng nm sau tt
hn nm trc. Tuy nhin c mt nhn xt y hn chng ta cn phi xem
xt ti ch tiu phn nh mc li nhun do vn lu ng mang li. l ch tiu
h s sinh li vn lu ng.
Ta thy kh nng sinh li ca vn lu ng nm sau cao hn so vi nm
trc vi mc tng 19.86%. C th l:
+ Nm 2009, 1 ng vn lu ng to ra 0.213 ng li nhun sau thu.
+ Nm 2010, 1 ng vn lu ng to ra 0.255 ng li nhun sau thu.
Nh vy doanh li vn lu ng nm 2010 tng gp 1.2 ln (0.2550.213)
so vi nm 2009. iu ny cho thy hiu qu ca vic s dng vn lu ng
nm 2010 cao hn nm 2009.
Nguyn nhn ca s bin ng ny l do li nhun sau thu vn lu ng
bnh qun nm 2010 u tng ln so vi nm 2009 nhng mc tng ca li
nhun sau thu (31.457%) l cao hn so vi mc tng ca vn lu ng bnh
qun (9.671%). Ta s i vo phn tch c th nh hng ca 2 nhn t n doanh
li vn lu ng.
* i tng phn tch:
SVTH: Bi Th L Thy_Lp 33K15
Trang 57
Lun vn tt nghip
VL =
12,658,571,385
45,226,302,518
49,600,553,431
= -0.025
LNST =
9,629,429,426
45,226,302,518
45,226,302,518
= +0.067
0.25
0.24
0.23
H s sinh
li ca vn
lu ng
0.22
0.21
0.213
0.2
0.19
2009
2010
Nm
Trang 58
Lun vn tt nghip
Nm 2008
Nm 2009
Nm 2010
832,899,026
970,378,974
9,392,307,423
9,254,168,673
9,025,632,825
3,771,678,951
Trang 59
Lun vn tt nghip
Trang 60
Lun vn tt nghip
CHNG III
MT S GII PHP NHM NNG CAO HN NA
HIU QU S DNG VN LU NG TI CNG TY
TNHH MTV VT LIU XY DNG - XY LP V KINH
DOANH NH NNG
3.1. nh gi chung v cng tc s dng vn lu ng ti cng ty
3.1.1. Nhng kt qu t c
Cng ty ngy cng s dng hp l, hiu qu hn vn lu ng ca mnh
cng vi s gia tng v quy m sn xut. iu ny c nh gi qua cc ch
tiu phn tch trn. Chng ta cng nhn li nhng kt qu m cng ty t
c trong cng tc qun l v s dng vn lu ng:
- Th nht, gi tr vn lu ng rng u dng v tng kh quan qua cc
nm, chng t n di hn v vn ch s hu khng ch ti tr cho ti sn di
hn m cn ti tr mt phn cho ti sn ngn hn, cng ty c xem l cn bng
ti chnh trong di hn, p lc hon tr n thp. Ngn qu rng tng dn qua 3
nm v t c gi tr dng nm 2010, chng t cng ty bc u t c
cn bng ti chnh trong ngn hn.
- Th hai, ngun ti tr cho vn lu ng ca cng ty l ngun vn vay
ngn hn v v mt phn nh t ngun di hn (vn ch s hu v vay di hn).
iu ny m bo nguyn tc ti tr vn lu ng v n mang li cho cng ty
nhng thun li nht nh nh c th huy ng mt cch nhanh chng s vn
cn thit, vic huy ng vn li n gin, tin li, tit kim chi ph s dng vn
so vi vic s dng ngun vn vay di hn; ng thi cch thc ti tr ny lun
mang li s n nh v an ton v mt ti chnh ca cng ty.
- Th ba, doanh nghip c chnh sch qun l vn bng tin v c cu
tng i tt. Tin gi ngn hng lun chim mt t trng ln trong c cu vn
bng tin. iu ny khng nhng gip cho cng ty gi tin an ton, t b tht
thot m tn dng c c hi sinh li cho tin lc s tin ny cha u t vo
SVTH: Bi Th L Thy_Lp 33K15
Trang 61
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Trang 62
Lun vn tt nghip
Trang 63
Lun vn tt nghip
lu ng ni ring, nng cao i sng cho cn b cng nhn vin ca cng ty,
tng tch lu m rng sn xut kinh doanh.
3.2. Gii php nhm nng cao hn na hiu qu s dng vn lu
ng ti cng ty
Vic s dng vn tt s lm cho cng ty ngy cng lm n c hiu qu.
V vy vic tng nhanh hiu qu s dng vn lu ng lun l mc tiu phn
u ca cng ty TNHH MTV Vt liu xy dng Xy lp v Kinh doanh nh
Nng. thc hin nhng mc tiu ny th cng ty cn tm ra nhng phng
php mi s dng vn sao cho c hiu qu nht.
Sau y l mt s gii php nhm nng cao hn na hiu qu s dng
vn lu ng ca cng ty:
3.2.1. K hoch ha vn lu ng
3.2.1.1. Xc nh nhu cu vn lu ng
Trc mi nm k hoch, cng ty lun lp ra nhng ch tiu k hoch
thc hin da trn nhng cn c c khoa hc nh k hoch sn xut kinh doanh,
tiu chun kinh t k thut, nh mc tiu hao vt liu, gi c v trnh nng
lc qun l... Nhng vic xc nh chnh xc nhu cu vn lu ng cho sn xut
kinh doanh l kh khn. V vy, xc nh chnh xc hn nhu cu vn lu
ng th cn phi thc hin mt cch c khoa hc:
+ Bc 1: Cng ty tnh ton cc ch gi tr sn xut kinh doanh, doanh thu
d kin. Nhng ch tiu ny c lp cn c vo bn k hoch sn xut, nhng
hp ng k kt cho nm ti. Nh vy, cc xc nh nhng ch tiu ny l
tng i chnh xc v hp l.
+ Bc 2: Cng ty d kin vng quay vn lu ng trong nm ti trn c
s hot ng ca cc nm trc v trin vng pht trin ca Cng ty.
+ Bc 3: Vn lu ng bnh qun c xc nh bng cng thc:
Doanh thu kinh doanh d kin
Vn lu ng bnh qun =
Trang 64
Lun vn tt nghip
= 53,125,000,000 ng
Trang 65
Lun vn tt nghip
Trang 66
Lun vn tt nghip
Tn KH
Tng
gi tr
n
N
trong
hn
N qu hn
1 - 15
ngy
15 - 30 30 - 60 60 - 90 Trn 90
ngy
ngy
ngy
ngy
1. Cng ty X
2. Cng ty Y
Tng
Vi bng phn tch ny, cng ty c th d dng kim sot c cc khon
n n hn v qu hn, t lm th tc thu hi n.
SVTH: Bi Th L Thy_Lp 33K15
Trang 67
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Lun vn tt nghip
ngay. Nu khch hng thanh ton tin ngay cng ty c th gi vo ngn hng, tr
n vay hay ti u t...
V thc hin c nhng yu cu trn th cn c nhng bin php nh
lp bng theo di v phn loi nhng khch hng truyn thng v kh nng chi
tr ng thi tm hiu kh nng ca khch hng mi c chnh sch tn dng
ph hp. Ngoi ra cn phi theo di v thu hi cc khon n ti hn. V cng
ty cn thng xuyn thu thp thng tin v chnh sch tn dng ca cc i th
cnh tranh v vn, gi c, cht lng hng ha... a ra thi hn tn dng v
t l chit khu ph hp vi tng i tng khch hng.
Tm li, vi chnh sch tn dng v chnh sch chit khu nh trn, mt
mt s c tc dng thu ht sc mua ca khch hng, mt mt s gim bt lng
vn cng ty b chim dng t nng cao hiu sut s dng vn lu ng,
nng cao li nhun nhm gp phn nng cao hn na hiu qu hot ng chung
ca cng ty.
3.2.3. Bin php gim thiu lng hng tn kho
Thng qua vic phn tch c cu vn lu ng trong cng ty ta thy
lng hng tn kho chim t trng ln trong c cu vn lu ng, iu ny lm
gim hiu qu s dng vn. Trong c cu hng tn kho, nguyn vt liu tn kho
chim t trng ln nht trong tng hng tn kho. Do vy, nng cao hiu qu
s dng vn lu ng cng ty cn gim lng hng tn kho, c bit l phi
gim lng nguyn vt liu tn kho mc hp l.
+ y mnh tiu th, m rng th trng ra khp cc tnh thnh trn c
nc nh thit lp cc i l, chi nhnh mi vng ca t nc. C chnh sch
tch cc tm kim nhng n t hng ln. Phi tm hiu r nhng ri ro c
th xy ra ca n t hng v nhng ri ro m xy ra s gy thit hi rt ln cho
cng ty, ng thi cng l nguyn nhn gy ra s ng ca hng tn kho.
+ i vi cc phn xng sn xut: Cn nm r k hoch sn xut trong
tng giai on c k hoch d tr nguyn liu, thnh phm mc hp l.
+ i vi mng li bn hng: Cn thay i chnh sch bn hng nh p
dng nhng t khuyn mi, gim gi nhm y mnh tiu th ni a ng thi
khng ngng tm kim nhng th trng mi c trong v ngoi nc.
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ty phi tng bc xy dng h thng nhiu ca hng phn phi ca ring mnh
cng vi cc i l hin nay y nhanh tc bn hng. Lm c nh vy chc
chn kh nng tiu th ca cng ty s tng ln, t gp phn nng cao hiu qu s
dng vn lu ng ca mnh.
C tm mt th trng lu di, n nh cho sn phm th cng ty mi y
mnh vic tiu th sn phm, tng tc lun chuyn vn lm cho hiu qu s
dng vn lu ng khng ngng tng ln, t ci thin i sng cn b cng
nhn vin, m rng quy m sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty.
3.2.6. Thng xuyn nh gi hiu qu s dng vn lu ng
hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip thc s c hiu qu th
doanh nghip phi bit c ng vn mnh b ra s em v bao nhiu ng li
nhun. Vic thng xuyn nh gi hiu qu s dng vn lu ng ca cng ty s
gip cng ty c ci nhn ch thc v nm bt chnh xc tnh hnh ti chnh ca
mnh, t a ra cc gii php kp thi v c hiu qu gii quyt pht huy cc
mt tch cc, hn ch cc mt tiu cc trong vic s dng ca mnh.
3.2.7. Nng cao cht lng i ng cn b qun l v cht lng ca
i ng lao ng, to ng lc lm vic
Trong giai on hin nay, th trng vt liu xy dng, xy lp, kinh doanh
nh c tnh cnh tranh ht sc khc lit. Do , nng cao hiu qu sn xut kinh
doanh ni chung, nng cao hiu qu qun l v s dng vn lu ng ni ring, cn
kin ton b my qun l v nng cao hn na ht lng ca i ng lao ng.
Cng ty v ang tip tc kin ton v xy dng b my qun l iu hnh thng
qua cc hnh thc sau:
- Thnh lp b phn kim ton ni b, b phn php ch kim tra tnh hp
php trong k kt hp ng tng cng cng tc kim tra, kim sot chi ph u
vo ti cc cng trnh nhm nng cao hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh;
- Trao quyn t ch trong sn xut kinh doanh cho cc b phn sn xut
di s iu tit ca cng ty bng cc quy ch qun l ph hp;
- Trit thc hnh tit kim, chng lng ph trong ton b c quan cng
nh cc b phn i, xng sn xut
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LI KT
Vn kinh doanh ni chung, vn lu ng ni ring l yu t m bo cho
qu trnh sn xut ca doanh nghip c din ra thng xuyn v lin tc. Tuy
nhin, vic s dng vn nh th no mang li hiu qu l mt vn khng
n gin. ng vn s dng khng hiu qu s ko theo s tr tr ca hot ng
sn xut kinh doanh. Mi hot ng ca doanh nghip s l khng hiu qu nu
nh l vn kinh doanh khng c m bo. ng vn c hiu qu i hi
phi c nhng quyt nh ng n v phng thc s dng vn.
Nng cao hiu qu s dng vn l nhim v thng xuyn, lu di ca
cc doanh nghip. Trong s nghip i mi hin nay ca t nc v tnh trng
trong nc v khu vc c nhiu bin ng, vic nng cao hiu qu s dng vn
lu ng l mt thch thc i vi cc doanh nghip ni chung v doanh nghip
nh nc ni ring.
Vi thi gian thc tp qu bu ti cng ty TNHH MTV Vt liu xy dng
Xy lp v Kinh doanh nh Nng, bng nhng kin thc hc c, em
nh gi kh c th v thc trng hiu qu s dng vn lu ng ti cng ty.
C th thy cng ty s dng vn lu ng tng i hiu qu trong nhng nm
gn y. iu ny phn nh s quan tm v nhng bin php hu hiu m cng
ty a ra nhm nng cao hiu qu s dng vn lu ng. Tuy nhin, kt qu
phn tch cng cho thy nhng hn ch m cng ty cn mc phi lm gim hiu
qu s dng vn lu ng. V vy, nng cao hn na hiu qu s dng vn
lu ng ca mnh, cng ty cn c nhng gii php khc phc nhng tn ti ny.
Mt ln na, em xin chn thnh cm n C gio TS.V Thy Anh cng tp
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MC LC
LI M U....................................................................................................................1
CHNG I........................................................................................................................3
C S L LUN CHUNG V VN LU NG V HIU QU S DNG VN
LU NG.......................................................................................................................3
1.1. Tng quan v vn lu ng trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh..............................3
1.1.1. Khi nim, c im vn lu ng.......................................................................3
1.1.1.1. Khi nim.......................................................................................................3
1.1.1.2. c im........................................................................................................3
1.1.2. Phn loi vn lu ng.........................................................................................4
1.1.2.2. Cn c theo cc hnh thi biu hin...............................................................7
1.1.2.3. Theo ngun hnh thnh ca vn lu ng.....................................................8
1.2. Hiu qu s dng vn lu ng v s cn thit phi nng cao hiu qu s dng vn
lu ng............................................................................................................................10
1.2.1. Khi nim hiu qu s dng vn lu ng.........................................................10
1.2.2. Cc ch tiu nh gi hiu qu s dng vn lu ng........................................11
1.2.2.1. Tc lun chuyn vn lu ng ..............................................................11
1.2.2.2. H s m nhim ca vn lu ng............................................................14
1.2.2.3. H s sinh li ca vn lu ng..................................................................14
1.2.2.4. Mt s ch tiu phn tch lin quan..............................................................15
1.2.3. Phn tch tnh hnh qun l v s dng vn lu ng nh hng n cn bng
ti chnh ca cng ty.....................................................................................................16
1.2.4. S cn thit phi nng cao hiu qu s dng vn lu ng...............................17
1.3. Cc bin php nng cao hiu qu s dng vn lu ng .........................................18
1.3.1. Cc nhn t nh hng n hiu qu s dng vn lu ng..............................18
1.3.1.1. Nhn t khch quan.....................................................................................18
1.3.1.2. Nhng nhn t ch quan ............................................................................19
1.3.2. Cc bin php c bn nng cao hiu qu s dng vn lu ng trong doanh
nghip...........................................................................................................................21
1.3.2.1. K hoch ho vn lu ng.........................................................................21
1.3.2.2. T chc qun l vn lu ng c k hoch v khoa hc.............................22
1.3.2.3. Rt ngn chu k sn xut kinh doanh, gim gi thnh sn xut thng qua
vic p dng cc tin b khoa hc k thut vo sn xut ........................................22
1.3.2.4. T chc tt cng tc qun l ti chnh trn c s khng ngng nng cao
trnh cn b qun l ti chnh..............................................................................23
CHNG II.....................................................................................................................24
THC TRNG HIU QU S DNG VN LU NG TI CNG TY TNHH
MTV VT LIU XY DNG - XY LP V KINH DOANH NH NNG....24
2.1. Khi qut chung v cng ty TNHH MTV Vt liu Xy dng Xy lp v Kinh
doanh nh Nng..........................................................................................................24
2.1.1. S lc v lch s hnh thnh v pht trin........................................................24
2.1.1.1. Qu trnh hnh thnh....................................................................................24
2.1.1.2. Qu trnh pht trin......................................................................................24
2.1.2. c im hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty.......................................26
2.1.2.1. c im ngnh ngh kinh doanh...............................................................26
2.1.2.2. c im t chc sn xut...........................................................................27
2.1.3. T chc b my qun l ca cng ty..................................................................28
2.1.3.1. S b my qun l ca cng ty...............................................................28
2.1.3.2. Chc nng v nhim v ca tng b phn...................................................29
2.1.4. B my k ton ca cng ty................................................................................30
2.1.4.1. S b my k ton .................................................................................30
2.1.4.2. Chc nng, nhim v ca cc phng ban....................................................30
SVTH: Bi Th L Thy_Lp 33K15
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2.2. Khi qut tnh hnh ti chnh ca cng ty TNHH MTV Vt liu xy dng Xy lp
v Kinh doanh nh Nng.............................................................................................31
2.2.1. Khi qut hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty.......................................31
2.2.2. C cu ti sn - ngun vn ca cng ty..............................................................35
2.3. Phn tch hiu qu s dng vn lu ng ti cng ty................................................38
2.3.1. Phn tch chung...................................................................................................39
2.3.2. C cu vn lu ng ca cng ty.......................................................................40
2.3.2.1. Vn bng tin...............................................................................................43
2.3.2.2. Cc khon u t ti chnh ngn hn...........................................................44
2.3.2.3. Cc khon phi thu .....................................................................................44
2.3.2.4. Hng tn kho ...............................................................................................47
2.3.2.5. Ti sn lu ng khc..................................................................................50
2.3.3. Ngun hnh thnh vn lu ng ........................................................................51
2.3.4. Phn tch hiu qu s dng vn lu ng ..........................................................53
2.3.4.1. Tc lun chuyn vn lu ng...............................................................53
2.3.4.2. Ch tiu h s m nhim ca vn lu ng................................................56
2.3.4.3. Ch tiu h s sinh li ca vn lu ng.....................................................57
2.3.5. Phn tch tnh hnh qun l v s dng vn lu ng nh hng n cn bng
ti chnh ca cng ty.....................................................................................................59
CHNG III...................................................................................................................61
MT S GII PHP NHM NNG CAO HN NA HIU QU S DNG VN
LU NG TI CNG TY TNHH MTV VT LIU XY DNG - XY LP V
KINH DOANH NH NNG...................................................................................61
3.1. nh gi chung v cng tc s dng vn lu ng ti cng ty.................................61
3.1.1. Nhng kt qu t c.....................................................................................61
3.1.2. Nhng vn cn tn ti ...................................................................................62
3.2. Gii php nhm nng cao hn na hiu qu s dng vn lu ng ti cng ty........64
3.2.1. K hoch ha vn lu ng................................................................................64
3.2.1.1. Xc nh nhu cu vn lu ng ..................................................................64
3.2.1.2. Tm kim, la chn ngun to lp vn lu ng.........................................65
3.2.2. Qun l cht ch cc khon phi thu..................................................................66
3.2.3. Bin php gim thiu lng hng tn kho..........................................................69
3.2.4. Qun l vn lu ng khc.................................................................................70
3.2.5. T chc tt vic tiu th nhm y nhanh tc lun chuyn vn lu ng ...71
3.2.6. Thng xuyn nh gi hiu qu s dng vn lu ng....................................72
3.2.7. Nng cao cht lng i ng cn b qun l v cht lng ca i ng lao
ng, to ng lc lm vic..........................................................................................72
3.3. Nhng kin ngh vi c quan hu quan....................................................................73
3.3.1. i vi cc ngn hng........................................................................................74
3.3.2. i vi Nh nc...............................................................................................74
LI KT .........................................................................................................................76
DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO.........................................................................77
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