Thi Thu DH Mon Hoa Hoc Lan 3 2013 PDF

thi th i hc mn Ha hc, ln 3, 2013 M BM.3.
13

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M thi: BM.3.13

P N CHNH THC

Cu 1. Cho cc dung dch (mi dung dch u cha 1 mol cht tan) tc dng vi nhau theo tng cp sau:
BaCl
2
v NaHSO
4
; Ba(HCO
3
)
2
v KHSO
4
; Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
v KOH; Na
3
PO
4
v NaH
2
PO
4
. S cp dung dch c
phn ng xy ra l:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Gii.
Chn p n D.
Lu : C th xem
- + 2-
4 4
HSO H +SO
Cu 2. Hidrat ha hn hp etilen v propilen c t l mol 1:3 khi c mt axit H
2
SO
4
long thu c hn hp
ru C. Ly m gam hn hp ru C cho tc dng ht vi Na thy bay ra 448 ml kh (ktc). Oxi ha m gam
hn hp ru C bng O
2
khng kh nhit cao v c Cu xc tc c hn hp sn phm D. Cho D tc
dng vi AgNO
3
trong NH
3
d thu c 2,808 gam bc kim loi. Phn trm s mol ru propan-1-ol trong
hn hp l:
A. 75% B. 7,5% C. 25% D. 12,5%
Gii.
Tng s mol ru trong hn hp: n
ancol
=
2
H
2.n 0,04 = (mol). Suy ra tng s mol ru propan-1-ol v
propan-2-ol l: .n
ancol
=0,03 (mol)
S mol andehit to ra t ru: n
andehit
=.n
Ag
=0,013 (mol).Suy ra s mol ru propan-2-ol l: n
propan-2-ol
=n
ancol
n
andehit
=0,04 0,013 =0,027 (mol) n
propan-1-ol
=0,03 0,027 =0,003
Vy %n
propan-1-ol
=0,003:0,04.100% =7,5%.
Cu 3. Cho hn hp dng bt hai kim loi Mg v Al vo dung dch cha c mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
v d mol AgNO
3
.
Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu c cht rn c cha 2 kim loi v dung dch D. Nh vy, trng hp no
sau y c th xy ra:
A. Mg v AgNO
3
ht, hoc l Al d hoc l Cu(NO
3
)
2
d.
B. AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
phn ng ht; Mg, Al cng phn ng ht.
C. Hai kim loi Mg, Al ht; AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
d.
D. Mt trong hai kim loi l Ag, kim loi cn li l Cu hoc Al.
Gii.
Nu Al d th s thu c 3 kim loi, vy A v D sai. Hai kim loi chc chn l Ag v Cu, v vy khng
th d AgNO
3
c. Chn p n B.
Cu 4. A v B l 2 nguyn t cng mt phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong h thng tun hon.
Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn nguyn t A v B bng 32. Tng s phn lp s ca hai nguyn t A, B l:
A. 7 B. 5 C. 4 D. 6
Gii.
DIN N BOXMATH
www.boxmath.vn
THI TH I HC MN HA HC
LN 3, NM 2012-2013
Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht
( thi gm 50 Cu)
thi th i hc mn Ha hc, ln 3, 2013 M BM.3.13


Gi Z
A
v Z
B
l s proton trong ht nhn A v B, gi s Z
B
>Z
A
, nh vy Z
A
<
32
16
2
= , ngha l nguyn
t A phi thuc chu k 2 hoc 3. Do A, B phi nm phn nhm chnh v cch nhau 8 hoc 18 nguyn
t.
*Nu Z
B
Z
A
=8, suy ra Z
A
=12; Z
B
=20. Hai nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t A v B s c 7 phn lp s.
*Nu Z
B
Z
A
=18, suy ra Z
B
=25, Z
A
=7. A, B cch nhau 2 chu k (loi).
Chn p n A.
Cu 5. Hn hp A gm 2 ru u c cng thc phn t dng C
m
H
2m+2
O. Khi un nng p gam A 170
o
C
(c mt H
2
SO
4
c ) c V lt kh hn hp 2 olefin l ng ng k tip nhau. t chy p gam A thu c
y lt kh CO
2
. Biu thc lin h gia y, p v V l:
A. 7y = 11,2p 9V B. 14y =22,4p +18V C. 11,2p =7y 9V D. y =22,4.
14 18
p
V +

Gii.
Gi s C
m
H
2m+2
O l cng thc phn t trung bnh ca hai ancol.
Gi x l tng s mol 2 ancol, x = V/22,4 (1)
C
m
H
2m+2
O +3m/2O
2
mCO
2
+(m+1)H
2
O
Suy ra y =22,4.n
CO2
=22,4.m.x m =
22,4
y y
x V
= (2)
Ta li c x(14m + 18) = p (3)
Thay (1)(2) vo (3) suy ra:
11,2 9
14. 18
22,4 7
V y p V
p y
V
| |
+ = =
|
\ .

Lu : Cch gii khc l th cng thc C
m
H
2m+2
O vi mt ru no bt k, v d C
2
H
5
OH!
Cu 6. Dy cht no sau y c th bng 1 phn ng to ra CH
3
COOH?
A. CH
3
CHO, CH
3
OH, CH
3
CN, C
2
H
5
Cl. B. C
3
H
8
, CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
CN, Glucoz.
C. C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO, (CH
3
CO)
2
O, CH
3
CN. D. C
4
H
8
, Glucoz, CH
3
CO, CH
3
COOC
2
H
3
.
Gii.
Cu 7. Chn pht biu sai.
A. S n v in tch ht nhn bng s proton v bng s electron.
B. S khi lun l s nguyn.
C. S obitan trong lp electron th n l n
2
.
D. Tnh baz ca dy cc hidroxit LiOH, KOH, RbOH gim dn.
Gii.
Cu 8. t chy hon ton hn hp X gm amoniac, metyl amin, imetylamin, etylmetylamin bng mt
lng khng kh va sau dn ton b sn phm qua bnh ng P
2
O
5
d th thy khi lng bnh tng
ln 11,51 gam v thot ra 75,264 lt kh (ktc). Nu ly ton b X trn tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
d th khi lng
mui to ra l:
A. 50,00 gam B. 60,00 gam C. 16,16 gam D. 24,00 gam
Gii.
X c CTPT chung l: C
n
H
2n+3
N:
Phn ng chy:


2 3 2 2 2 2
2 3 2 3 1
4 2 2
n n
n n
C H N n O nCO H O N
+
+ + | |
+ + + +
|
\ .

Gi a l s mol ca C
n
H
2n+3
N:
2 3 3
0,64 0,64 (1)
2 2
n
a an a
+ | |
= + =
|
\ .

Kh thot ra gm c oxi v nit, suy ra:
2 3 7
4 3,36 7 3,36(2)
4 2 2
n a
a n an an a
+ | |
+ + + = + =
|
\ .

Gii h gm (1) v (2) suy ra: a =0,16 v an =0,4; suy ra n =2,5.
Phn ng vi axit sunfuric:
C
n
H
2n+1
NH
2
+H
2
SO
4
C
n
H
2n+1
NH
3
HSO
4
(V axit d nn to mui axit).
Khi lng mui l: m =0,4.52 +0,4.98 =60 (gam).
Cu 9. in phn dung dch NaOH vi cng dng in l 10A trong thi gian 268h. Sau khi in phn
cn li 100g dung dch NaOH c nng 24%. Nng ca dung dch NaOH trc in phn l:
A. 4,2% B. 2,4% C. 1,4% D. 4,8%
Gii.
(dzitxiem)
V khi in phn dd NaOH th ch c nc in phn cn khi lng NaOH l khng i nn tnh
nng ca dung dch NaOH trc in phn ta ch cn tnh khi lng nc b in phn l xong.
Ta c 100.0,24 24 .
NaOH
m g = = V 100 .
e
It
n mol
F
= =
Suy ra s mol nc b in phn
2
50 .
H O
n mol =
Suy ra khi lng nc b in phn
2
50.18 900 .
H O
m g = =
T C% = 24/(900+100) = 2,4 %.
Cu 10. phn bit 5 l mt nhn cha cc cht kh ring bit sau: HCl, NH
3
, H
2
S, C
2
H
2
v SO
2
; thuc
th duy nht cn dng l:
A. Nc brom B. Qu tm C. Dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
D. Dung dch Ba(OH)
2

Gii.
Ch cn dng nc brom.
*NH
3
: nc brom nht mu, thot kh khng mu khng mi
*H
2
S: nc brom nht mu, c kt ta mu vng
*C
2
H
2
: nc brom nht mu, to cht lng phn lp
*SO
2
: nc brom nht mu; dung dch trong sut ng nht
*HCl: nc brom khng nht mu.
Cu 11. C 1 lt dung dch hn hp Na
2
CO
3
0,1M v (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
0,25M. Cho 43 gam hn hp batri clorua
v canxi clorua vo dung dch . Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 39,7 gam kt ta A v dung dch
B. un nng dung dch B ri thm t t 540 ml dung dch C cha Ba(OH)
2
0,2M vo. Hi tng khi lng
ca 2 dung dch B v C gim ti a bao nhiu gam?
Gii.


C mt mol BaCl
2
hoc CaCl
2
bin thnh BaCO
3
hoc CaCO
3
th khi lng mui gim 71 60 =11
gam. Vy tng s mol kt ta cacbonat l:
43 39,7
0,3
11
= (mol). Tng s mol

2
3
CO

c trong dung dch
ban u l: 0,1 +0,25 =0,35 (mol). Vy
2
3
CO

d 0,35 0,3 =0,05 mol.
Trong dung dch B c cha 0,05 mol
2
3
CO

, 0,5 mol
+
4
NH v cc ion Na
+
, Cl
-
.
Dung dch Ba(OH)
2
cha 0,108 mol Ba
2+
v 0,216 mol OH
-
.
*V s mol
2
3
CO

<s mol Ba
2+
nn
2
3
3
BaCO
CO
n =n =0,05 m 9,85
+
= (gam)
*V s mol OH
-
<s mol
+
4
NH nn
3
NH
OH
n =n 0,216 0,216.17 3,672 m
|
= = = (gam)
Tng khi lng hai dung dch gim ti a: 9,85 + 3,672 = 13,522 (gam)
Cu 12. Dy cht no sau y c sp xp theo chiu nhit si ca cc cht tng dn?
A. ancol isoamylic <1-clo-butan <kali axetat <axit butiric
B. kali axetat <1-clo-butan <ancol isoamylic <axit butiric
C. 1-clo-butan <axit butiric <kali axetat <ancol isoamylic
D. 1-clo-butan < ancol isoamylic < axit butiric < kali axetat
Gii.
Cu 13. t chy hon ton 2,72 gam hn hp hai ankan A, B hn km nhau 2 nguyn t cacbon th thu
c 8,36 gam kh CO
2
. Trong s cc ng phn c th c ca A v B, s ng phn khi tc dng vi Cl
2

theo t l mol 1:1 ch cho mt sn phm duy nht l:
A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D. Khng c ng phn no.
Gii.
Ta c n
C
=n
CO2
=0,19 mol;
H2O
2,72 0,19.12
n 0,22
2
= = mol. Vy s mol ankan l: n

ankan
=0,22 0,19
=0,03 (mol). Gi n l s nguyn t C trung bnh ca ankan:
2,72
14 2 90,67 6,33
0,03
n n + = = =
Li gi n l s nguyn t C ca A (M
A
<M
B
). Ta c n n 2 n < < + , suy ra 4,33 <n <6,33. Vy n c hai
gi tr l 5, 6. Vy c hai cp cht tha mn A, B: (C
5
H
12
v C
7
H
16
) hoc (C
6
H
14
v C
8
H
18
). Trong cc
ng phn ca A, B; ch c neopentan v 2,2,3,3-tetrametylbutan cho sn phm duy nht khi tc dng vi
Cl
2
theo t l 1:1.
Cu 14. Cht X l mt andehit mch h cha n s nguyn t cacbon, a nhm chc andehit v b lin kt
C C = gc hidrocacbon. Tng s lin kt trong phn t X (theo n, a, b) l:
A. 3 2 2 n a b B. 3 2 2 n a b + C. 3 1 2 n a b + D. 3 2 n a b
Gii.
Cng thc andehit:
2 2 2 2 n n a b a
C H O
+

S lin kt trong cc lin kt CH, C=O, CC
+CH: 2 2 2 2 n a b +
+C=O: a
+CC: 1 n
Suy ra tng s lin kt : 3 1 2 n a b +

Lu : Cch khc l th vi andehit bt k, v d nh HCHO!
Cu 15. Chn pht biu sai.


A. Ru etylic c nhit si cao hn hn so vi dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon c khi lng phn
t xp x.
B. un nng ancol metyl vi H
2
SO
4
c 170
o
C khng thu c ete.
C. Mt s hidrocacbon no c th phn ng cng vi halogen.
D. Cc dn xut halogen hu nh khng tan trong nc, tan tt trong cc dung mi khng phn cc.
Gii.
D thy cc cu A, D ng. Cu C ng do phn ng ca mt s ankan no cha vng 3 cnh (v d
xilcopropan, metylxiclopropan,). Cu B sai, do phn ng CH
3
OH +CH
3
OH CH
3
OCH
3
+H
2
O.
Cu 16. Ha gan 50 gam tinh th CuSO
4
.5H
2
O vo 600 ml dung dch HCl 0,2M ta c dung dch A. Cho
5,4 gam nhm vo dung dch A. Sau mt thi gian c 1,344 lt kh (ktc), dung dch B v cht rn C. Cho
dung dch B tc dng vi xt d ri ly kt ta nung nhit cao th thu c 4 gam cht rn. Tnh khi
lng cht rn C.
A. 9,60 gam. B. 11,22 gam. C. 12,30 gam. D.
Gii.
Ta c n(CuSO
4
) =0,2 (mol), n(HCl) =0,12 (mol), n(H
2
) =0,06 (mol) =1/2n(HCl). Suy ra HCl tc dng
ht vi Al theo phn ng 2Al +6HCl 2AlCl
3
+3H
2
.
Do B tc dng vi xt d cn kt ta nn Al tc dng vi mt phn CuSO
4
. Cht rn sau khi nung l
CuO. S mol CuO: n
CuO
=0,05, vy n
CuSO4

d
= 0,05. Lng CuSO
4
tc dng vi Al l: 0,2 0,05 =0,15
v to ra 0,15.64 = 9,6 gam Cu.
Lng Al cn li l: n
Al

d
=
5,4 2 0,12
.0,15 0,06
27 3 3
= (mol).
Khi lng C l: 9,6 +0,06.27 =11,22 (gam).
Cu 17. Cho mgam hn hp X gm
2 3 3 4
, , FeO Fe O Fe O tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl
0,16M v H
2
SO
4
2M thu c dung dch Y cha hai mui st vi t l mol
2 3
: 1:2 Fe Fe
+ +
= . Dung dch Y
c th lm mt mu ti a 180 ml dung dch KMnO
4
0,2M. Gi tr ca m l:
A.46,40 B. 41,76 C.34,80 D. 23,20
Gii.
T t l cc mui st, ta quy hn hp ban u v Fe
3
O
4
.
S mol H
+
cn dng trong phn ng vi KMnO
4
l: n
H+
=8.n
KMnO4
=0,288 (mol).
Vy ti a c th c:
2
4 max
5. 0,18( )
KMnO
Fe
n n mol
+
= = . Vy s mol H
+
tham gia phn ng vi oxit t hn:
3 4 max
8. 8. 1,44( )
Fe O FeO
H
n n n mol
+
= = = . S mol H
+
d sau phn ng vi oxit ti thiu l:
min
2,075 1,44 0,635( ) 0,288( )
H du
n mol mol
+
= = > . Vy H
+
lun d cho phn ng vi KMnO
4
.
Bo ton electron ta c:
2 2
4
5 0,1( )
KMnO
Fe Cl Fe
n n n n mol
+ +
+ = = 0,1.232 23,2( ) m g = = . Chn p n D
Cu 18. Khng nh ng l
A. Trong pin in ha catot l ni xy ra s kh, cn anot l ni xy ra s oxi ha.
B. Nguyn tc chung iu ch kim loi l oxi ha ion kim loi thnh kim loi.
C. Khi hai kim loi tip xc vi nhau th kim loi yu hn s b n mn in ha.
D. Lin kt kim loi l lin kt gia cc ion dng v electron c nh cc nt mng tinh th.
Gii.
Cu 19. t chy hon ton hp cht hu c A thu c hn hp kh gm CO
2
, hi nc v N
2
c t khi
hi so vi H
2
l 13,75. Cho hn hp kh ln lt i qua ng 1 ng P
2
O
5
v ng 2 ng KOH rn thy t


l tng khi lng ca ng 2 so vi ng 1 l 1,3968. S mol O
2
cn t chy hon ton A bng mt na
s mol CO
2
v H
2
O to thnh. Bit M
A
<M
anilin
. Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C
2
H
7
O
2
N B. C
2
H
8
O
3
N
2
C. C
2
H
8
O
2
N
2
D. C
3
H
7
O
2
N.
Gii. Gi cng thc ca A l: C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t

Phn ng t chy:
C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t

+( x +
4
y
-
2
z
) O
2
xCO
2
+
2
y
H
2
O +
2
t
N
2

ng 1 hp th hi nc
ng 2 : CO
2
+2KOH K
2
CO
3
+H
2
O
Theo u bi tng khi lng ng 1, 2 ta c t l:
x :
2
y
=
1 . 44
18 . 3968 , 1

y
x
=
7
2

Mt khc theo lng O
2
ta c:
x +
4
y
-
2
z
=
2
1
( x +
2
y
) x =z
Nh vy: x : y : z = 2 : 7 : 2 v CTG ca A l C
2
H
7
O
2
N
t
(v khi lng nhm C
2
H
7
O
2
l 63 m khi
lng anilin l 93)
Phn ng t chy c vit li l:
2C
2
H
7
O
2
N
t

+
2
11
O
2
4CO
2
+ 7H
2
O + tN
2
t
t
+ +
+ +
7 4
. 28 7 . 18 4 . 44
=13,75.2 rt ra t =1 CTPT l: C
2
H
7
O
2
N

Cu 20. Cho mt s nhn xt v dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon:
(1) Lin kt trong phn t dn xut halogen khng phn cc nn chng hu nh khng tan trong nc.
(2) Dn xut phenyl halogenua b thy phn ngay trong khi un si vi dung dch kim.
(3) Bt Magie d dng tan trong dietyl ete khan.
(4) Dng lm thuc gy m, ha cht dit su b, s dng trong my lnh l mt s ng dng ca cc
dn xut halogen.
(5) Sn phm chnh khi mono brom ha propan l dn xut brom bc II.
S nhn xt ng l:
A. 3 B. 2 C. 4 D. 1
Gii.
Cu 21. Aspirin (axit axetyl salixilic, CH
3
COO-C
6
H
4
-COOH) l axit yu n chc K
a
=10
-3,49
. tan trong
nc nhit phng l 3,55g/dm
3
. Tnh pH ca dung dch Aspirin bo ha nhit phng.
A. 2,37 B. 2,63 C. 1,97 D. 1,71
Gii.
Cng thc Aspirin CH
3
COO-C
6
H
4
-COOH vy KLPT = 180. K hiu: Aspirin = HAp
Nng dung dch bo ha: HAp =
180
55 , 3
=1,97.10
-2
M
HAp H
+
+Ap
-


Ta c: 10
-3,49
=
HAp
Ap H
] [
] ][ [
+
=
] [ 10 . 97 , 1
] [
2
2
+
+
H
H

Gii ra [H
+
] =2,37.10
-3
M v pH =2,63
Cu 22. M l mt kim loi c ha tr khng i. phn ng vi a mol kim loi M cn ka mol H
2
SO
4

trong dung dch v sinh ra kh Y (sn phm kh duy nht, v l hp cht ca lu hunh). k khng th
nhn gi tr no sau y:
A.
15
8

B.
4
3

C.
5
4

D. 2
Gii.
Gi n l ha tr ca M, n = 1, 2 hoc 3. (1)
Y c th l H
2
S hoc SO
2
.
M M
+n
+ne; S
+6
+me S
6-m

(SO
2
hoc H
2
S, suy ra m =2 hoc 8 (2))
a an
Bo ton e: n
Y
=
an
m
; s mol SO
4
2-
to mui: n
SO4
=
2
an

Bo ton S: S mol H
2
SO
4

cn dng l:
2 4
2 2
H SO
n n n n
n a k
m m
| |
= + = +
|
\ .

T (1) v (2), ta c th tnh c cc gi tr ca k l:
5 5 15
1, ,2, ,3,
8 4 8
.
Chn p n B.
Ch : k = 4/3 khi M l kim loi ha tr 2 v sn phm kh l S.
Cu 23. Cho cc cht: O
2
(khng kh), Zn, CuO, Cl
2
, HCl, AgCl, CrO
3
. S cht phn ng vi kh NH
3
hoc
dung dch NH
3
to ra sn phm cha n cht l:
A. 3 B. 5 C. 6 D. 4
Gii.
O
2
, Zn, CuO, Cl
2
, CrO
3
.
Cu 24. Hn hp X gm 2 este c t l mol 1:3. Cho a gam hn hp X vo dung dch NaOH th sau phn
ng thu c 5,64 gam mui ca 1 axit hu c n chc v 3,18 gam hn hp 2 ancol mch thng. t chy
ht 3,18 gam hn hp 2 ancol ny thu c 3,36 lt CO
2
(ktc). Bit 2 ancol ny khi tch nc u c th
to olefin. CTCT ca 2 este l:
A. C
2
H
3
COOCH
3
v C
2
H
3
COOC
3
H
7
. B. C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
v C
2
H
5
COOC
4
H
9
.
C. CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
3
H
7
. D. C
2
H
3
COOC
2
H
5
v C
2
H
3
COOC
4
H
9
.
Gii.
Hai ancol tch nc u c th to anken nn hai ancol khc CH
3
OH v c CTPT trung bnh l:
n 2n+1
C H O.
T phn ng chy suy ra:
3,18 18
. 0,15 14 21,2 2,5.
14 18
n n
n n
= + = =
+

Vy mt ancol l C
2
H
5
OH. T t l mol 1:3 d dng suy ra ancol cn li l: C
4
H
9
OH.
S mol mui cng chnh l s mol ancol:
0,15
n 0,06
muoi
n
= =


Vy
5,64
M 94
0,06
muoi
= = , suy ra mui l: C
2
H
3
COONa.
Chn p n D.

Cu 25. C 3 dung dch ring bit : glucoz, fructoz, glixerol. Thuc th cn dng phn bit 3 dung
dch ny l:
A. nc brom v dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
. B. dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
v Cu(OH)
2
/OH
.
C. dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
v dung dch HCl. D. Cu(OH)
2
/OH
v H
2
.
Gii.
Cu 26. Cho V lt (ktc) kh CO
2
tan hon ton trong dung dch cha 0,15 mol Ca(OH)
2
thu c kt ta.
Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch thu c kt ta li tng ln, tng khi lng kt ta hai ln l
24,85 gam. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 2,24 B. 3,36 C. 11,2 D. 4,48
Gii.
Cc phn ng
CO
2
+Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+H
2
O (1)
2CO
2
+Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+Ba(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+BaCO
3
+2H
2
O (3)
t s mol CO
2
tham gia cc phn ng (1)(2) ln lt l x v y ta c
0,15
2
0,1
100 197. 24,85
2 2
y
x
x y
y y
x
+ =
= =
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
(mol)
Suy ra n
CO2
=x +y =0,2 (mol). V =4,48 lt.
Cu 27. Cn t nht bao nhiu phn ng ha hc iu ch HClO
4
t Cl
2
?
A. 1 B. 4 C. 2 D. 3
Gii.
Cn 3 phn ng.
3Cl
2
+6NaOH
o
t
5NaCl +NaClO
3
+3H
2
O
4NaClO
3

o
t
NaCl +3NaClO
4

NaClO
4
+H
2
SO
4
NaHSO
4
+HClO
4
.
Cu 28. Ba ng phn X, Y v Z c thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t l: 40,45% C; 7,86% H
15,73% N cn li l O, bit rng t khi hi ca X so vi hidro bng 44,5. Khi cho cc ng phn ny phn
ng vi NaOH, X cho mui C
3
H
6
O
2
NNa, Y cho mui C
2
H
4
O
2
NNa, cn Z cho mui C
3
H
3
O
2
Na.Trong iu
kin thng, nhn xt no sau y l ng:
A. X, Y trng thi rn; Z trng thi lng. B. Y, Z trng thi rn, X trng thi lng.
C. X, Z trng thi rn, Y trng thi lng. D. X, Y trng thi lng, Z trng thi rn
Gii.
Ta xc nh c cc mui ln lt l:
2 3 3 2 3 2 3 4
( ) ; ; NH CH CH COONa HCOONH C H C H COONH


T d dng suy ra cc cht X, Y, Z. Chn p n C.
Cu 29. Hn hp X gm andehit Y, axit cacboxylic Z, este n chc T. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X cn
dng va 0,625 mol
2
O , thu c 0,525 mol
2
CO v 0,525 mol
2
. H O S mol ca andehit Y trong 25,1 gamX l:
A. 0,075 B. 0,15 C. 0,1 D. 0,25
Gii.
Gi s mol ca cc cht l: Andehit :
x y
C H O a (mol)
Axit v este
2
: b (mol)
x y
C H O
' '

*Ta c 0,525.62 0,625.32 12,55
hh
m = =
*S mol oxi trong hn hp: 2 0,525.3 0,625.2 0,325 a b + = =
T ta c h phng trnh:
2 0,325
0,2
a b
a b
+ =
+ =
0,075 a =
Vy trong 25,1 g hn hp, s mol andehit:
25,1
0,075. 0,15
12,55
=
Cu 30. Hai hp cht X v Y l hai ancol, trong khi lng mol ca X nh hn Y. Khi t chy hon
ton mi cht X, Y u to ra n(CO
2
) <n(H
2
O). t chy hon ton hn hp Z gm nhng lng bng nhau
v s mol ca X v Y th thu c n(CO
2
):n(H
2
O) =2:3. S hp cht tha mn tnh cht ca Y l:
A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6
Gii.
Hai ancol u no, c th n chc hoc a chc.
Gi CTPT trung bnh ca hai ancol l C
m
H
2m+2
O
k
, suy ra (2m+2):m =6:2 m =2.
V s mol ca hai ancol bng nhau nn:
*Nu X l CH
3
OH th Y l ancol no c 3 C: CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH (1); CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
OH (2);
CH
2
(OH)CH
2
CH
2
(OH) (3); Glyxerol (4)
*Nu X l C
2
H
5
OH th Y l etylen glicol (5)
Vy c 5 cht tha mn
Cu 31. Thy phn hon ton 1 mol tetrapeptit X thu c 2 mol Gly, 2 mol Ala. S ng phn cu to ca
X l:
A. 24 B. 12 C. 6 D. 8
Gii.
S ng phn cu to l: n =
4!
6
2!.2!
=
C th k ra: Gly-Gly-Ala-Ala, Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala, Gly-Ala-Ala-Gly, Ala-Ala-Gly-Gly, Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly,
Ala-Gly-Gly-Ala.
Cu 32. Ha tan 10,65 gam hn hp A gm mt oxit ca kim loi kim v mt oxit ca kim loi kim th
bng dung dch HCl ta thu c dung dch B. C cn dung dch B v in phn nng chy hon ton hn
hp mui th thu c anot 3,396 lt kh C ( 27,3
o
C v 1 atm) v hn hp kim loi D catot. Khi lng
ca D l:
A. 15,45 B. 5,85 C. 8,25 D. 13,05
Gii.
S dng tng gim khi lng, d dng tm ra m =8,25 gam.


Cu 33. Cng thc n gin nht ca mt axit hu c A l (CHO)
n
. t chy 1 mol A thu c di 6 mol
CO
2
. S cht tha mn A l:
A. 2 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3
Gii.
V A l mt axit nn n trong cng thc (CHO)
n
phi c gi tr chn; li c n < 6 (do t 1 mol A thu c
di 6 mol CO
2
) nn n =2 hoc n = 4.
*Nu n = 2 th CTPT ca A l C
2
H
2
O
2
, khng c cng thc cu to ph hp
*Nu n = 4 th CTPT ca A l C
4
H
4
O
4
. Cc cng thc cu to tha mn l: HOOC-CH=CH-COOH (cis-
trans) hoc CH
2
=C(COOH)
2
.
Vy c 3 cht tha mn A.
Cu 34. Cho phn ng sau: KMnO
4
+C
6
H
12
O
6
+H
2
SO
4
MnSO
4
+K
2
SO
4
+CO
2
+H
2
O. Tng h s ti
gin ca cc cht tham gia khi cn bng phn ng l:
A. 101 B. 107 C. 95 D. p n khc.
Gii.
24KMnO
4
+5C
6
H
12
O
6
+72H
2
SO
4
24MnSO
4
+12K
2
SO
4
+30CO
2
+66H
2
O
Cu 35. Cht no sau y khng phi l mt loi thuc n:
A. hn hp kali nitrat, than ci, lu hunh. B. trinitrobenzen.
C. xenluloz triaxetat. D. trinitroglyxerol.
Gii.
Cu 36. Cho 10,62 gam hn hp gm Fe, Zn vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp X gm NaNO
3
0,45 M v
H
2
SO
4
0,9M. un nng cho phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y v 3,584 lt kh NO (sn phm kh
duy nht, o ktc). Dung dch Y ha tan ti a m
1
gambt Cu v thu c V lt kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh
duy nht ca NO
3
-
). Gi tr ca m
1
l:
Gii.
*Ta c n(NaNO
3
) =0,36 mol; n(H
2
SO
4
) =0,72 mol n(H
+
) =1,44 mol
Ta c cc bn phn ng:
NO
3
-
+4H
+
+3e NO + 2H
2
O (1)
mol 0,16 0,16 0,16 0,16
n
NO
=0,16 (mol) H
+
v NO
3
-
d, kim loi phn ng ht.
n
NO3- phn ng
=0,16 (mol); n
H+phn ng
=0,64 (mol)
Fe Fe
3+
+3e(1)
Zn Zn
2+
+2e(2)
*Gi s mol Fe l x mol, s mol Zn l y mol
Theo khi lng hn hp ban u ta c phng trnh
56 x +65 y =10,62 (I)
Theo nh lut bo ton electron ta c phng trnh
3x +2y =0,16.3 (II)
Gii h phng trnh (I), (II) ta c: x =0,12 v y =0,06 mol
*Dung dch Y c 0,2 mol NO
3
-
; 0,8 mol H
+
; 0,12 mol Fe
3+
; 0,06 mol Zn
2+
, khi thm bt Cu vo dung
dch Y:
3Cu +8H
+
+2NO
3
-
3Cu
2+
+2NO +4H
2
O (3)
0,3 0,8 0,2


2Fe
3+
+Cu 2Fe
2+
+Cu
2+
(4)
0,12 0,06
T phn ng (3), (4) c tng s mol Cu = 0,36 mol m
1
=0,36.64 =23,04 gam
Cu 37. Thc hin cn bng sau: CO
2
(k) +C (r) 2CO (k) trong bnh phn ng c dung tch 1 lt. thi
im m s mol ca CO
2
v C u gim xung bn ln th s mol ca CO thay i nh th no?
A. Tng 2 ln B. Tng 4 ln C. Gim 2 ln D. Gim 4 ln
Gii.
Ta c
| |
| |
( )
2
2 2
2
CO
C
CO
CO n
K
CO n
= = do dung tch ca bnh l 1 lt. Do K
C
khng i nn nu s mol ca CO
2

gim xung bn ln th s mol ca CO phi gim 2 ln.
Cu 38. Trng hp no sau y khng xut hin kt ta?
A. Cho dung dch NH
3
vo dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
B. Sc kh H
2
S vo dung dch FeCl
3
.
C. Cho dung dch Na
2
S vo dung dch AlCl
3
.
D. Thm HCl vo dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
d.
Gii.
Cc th nghim A, B, C ln lt to ra kt ta l: Al(OH)
3
, S, Al(OH)
3
. Chn p n D.
Cu 39. Thm dung dch NH
3
ti d vo dung dch cha 0,5 mol AgNO
3
ta c dung dch M. Sc t t 3
gam kh X (X l hp cht hu c) vo dung dch M ti phn ng hon ton, c dung dch N v 43,2 gam
kt ta Q. Thm t t dung dch HI ti d vo dung dch N thu c 23,5 gam kt ta mu vng v V lt kh
Y (ktc). Tm cng thc ca X.
A. C
2
H
2
B. C
3
H
4
C. HCHO D. CH
3
CHO
Gii.
Cho NH
3
d vo dd AgNO
3
c phn ng
AgNO
3
+dd NH
3
d [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]NO
3
(dd M) (1)
0,5 0,5 0,5 (mol)
Cho X +dd(M) dd (N) +43,2 gam kt ta Q
Cho dd HI d + dd(N) 23,5 gam kt ta vng
Trong dd(N) cn d [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]NO
3
, kt ta vng l AgI
Phn ng: [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]NO
3
+2HI AgI + +NH
4
NO
3
+NH
4
I (2)
(2) S mol [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]NO
3

d
=S mol AgI =23,5/235 =0,1mol
S mol [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]NO
3

p
=0,5 0,1 =0,4 mol
Trong Q cha 0,4.108 =43,2 gam Ag =m
Q.
Vy trong Q ch cha Ag.
Vy X l anht, X l cht kh nn X ch c th l HCHO hoc CH
3
CHO
+Nu l CH
3
CHO 2Ag =>
Ag
n =
3
CH CHO
2n =
2.3
0,136
44
= <0,4. Loi
+Nu l HCHO: S mol =3/30 =0,1mol
HCHO +4[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]NO
3
+H
2
O (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+4Ag +4NH
4
NO
3
+2NH
3
(3)
0,1 0,4 0,1 0,4 (mol)
4 4.0,1 0,4
Ag HCHO
n n = = = mol. Ph hp vi bi.Vy X l HCHO
Cu 40. Chn nhn xt ng.
A. Este l dn xut ca axit cacboxylic.


B. Este c nhit si thp hn axit nhng cao hn ancol c khi lng phn t tng ng.
C. Ngi ta dng C
2
H
5
OH v X iu ch este etyl axetat, X phi l axit axetic.
D. Cho cht X c CTPT l C
3
H
4
O
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c mt mui v Y. Y l nc
hoc andehit.
Gii.
D sai v nu X l HCOOCH=CH
2
th Y phi l hn hp ca nc v andehit!
Cu 41. Cho s chuyn ha sau: metan axetilen acrilonitrin poliacrilonitrin. Phi dng 296,9
m
3
(ktc) kh thin nhin (bit rng metan chim 80% v th tch) iu ch c 35,1125 kg t nitron vi
hiu sut mi giai on u bng nhau th hiu sut mi giai on l:
A. 57,24% B. 50,00% C. 75,00% D. 53,13%
Gii.
S hp thc:
4 2
2 ( ) CH CH CHCN
Gi hiu sut mi giai on l x%, d tnh c
4
169,6( )
CH
m kg = ,ta c:
3
6
3
169,6.53.
10
35,1125 125000 50
32
x
x x = = = .Chn p n B.
Cu 42. Hp cht hu c A mch h, phn ng c vi kim nng; ch to CO
2
v hi nc khi t chy
trong khng kh. T khi hi ca A so vi metan l 5,375. un nh 0,01 mol A trong dung dch H
2
SO
4

long, sau phn ng dng NaOH trung ha lng axit d ri thc hin phn ng trng gng c kh nng
thu c 4,2 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca A l:
A. HCOOCH=CHCH
3
B. HCOOCH
2
CH=CH
2
C. HCOOC(CH
3
)=CH
2
D. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2

Gii.
Cng thc tng qut ca A l C
x
H
y
O
z
(z > 1). Ta c 12x +y +16z =86. Hay 12x +y =86 16z. Th z =
1,2,3,4. Ta tm c cc CTPT ph hp l: C
5
H
10
O, C
4
H
6
O
2
, C
3
H
2
O
3
. A phn ng c vi dung dch
kim, sau phn ng thy phn, sn phm c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng nn A l este. Cc
CTCT m A c th nhn l: HCOOCH=CHCH
3
(1); HCOOCH
2
CH=CH
2
(2); HCOOC(CH
3
)=CH
2
(3);
CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
(4).
*Nu A l este (2)(3)(4) th n
Ag
=2n
A
=0,02 mol, suy ra m
Ag (max)
=0,02.108 =2,16 <4,2. Vy A khng
th l cc este (2)(3)(4).
*Nu A l este (1): HCOOCH=CHCH
3
+H
2
O HCOOH + CH
3
CH
2
CHO.
Khi lng Ag cc i m
Ag max
=0,01.4.108 =4,32 gam >4,2. Vy A l HCOOCH=CHCH
3
.
Cu 43. bo qun Na, ngi ta dng cch no sau y:
A. Ngm trong ru. B. Ngm trong nc.
C. Bo qun trong bnh kn cha khng kh kh. D. Ngm trong du ha.
Gii.
Cu 44. Cho 4 hp cht hu c A, B, C, D c cng thc tng ng l C
x
H
2x
, C
x
H
2y
, C
y
H
2y
, C
2x
H
2y
. Tng
khi lng phn t ca chng l 286 vC. Bit A mch h v c khng qu 2 ni i, C mch vng, D l
dn xut ca benzen. Kt lun no sau y l ng:
A. C 2 cht tha mn D. B. C 3 cht tha mn B.
C. C 5 cht tha mn C. D. C 2 cht tha mn A.
Gii.
Tng khi lng mol cc cht: 49x + 18y = 286 Cp nghim (x;y) = (4;5) l thch hp.
Cng thc cu to ca cc cht:


*A: CHCCH=CH
2

*B: (1) CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3

(2) CH
3
CHCH
3

|
CH
3

*C: (1)
3
CH-CH
2 3
CH -CH-CH
(2) C
2 3
2 3
CH CH
CH CH
(3)
2
CH
2 2 5
CH -CH-C H
(4)
2
2 2
2 2
CH
CH CH
CH CH
(5)
2 2
2 3
CH -CH
CH -CH-CH

*D: (1) etyl benzen; (2) o-xilen; (3) m-xilen; (4) p-xilen.
Vy p n ng l C.
Cu 45. Trn 300 ml hn hp X gm mt hidrocacbon A v N
2
vi 600 ml O
2
thu c hn hp Y. t
chy hon ton hn hp Y thu c 800 ml hn hp kh Z. Lm lnh hn hp kh Z thu c 600ml hn
hp kh. Cho R i qua bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 200ml hn hp kh T. Cc th tch
o cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. X tham gia c phn ng trng gng.
B. X khng lm mt mu dung dch brm.
C. T X khng th iu ch c cao su.
D. Phn t X c cha 3 lin kt xch ma.
Gii.
2 2 2 2
200( ), 400( ) 500( ) 100( ) 200( )
pu
H O CO O N X
V ml V ml V ml V ml V ml = = = = = .
n y d dng tm c X l
2 2
C H . Chn D.
Cu 46. Cho cc phn ng:
(1) Anilin +CH
3
I (2) Benzen +Br
2

Fe
(3) CH
3
CH=CHCH
2
Br +H
2
O
o
t

(4) CH
2
=CHCl +KOH
ancol
(5) CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
Cl +H
2
O
o
t

S phn ng to ra hidro halogenua l:
A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 4
Gii.
(1) to HI. (2) to HBr.
(3) to HBr. ( xy ra phn ng cng vo ni i cn xc tc axit)
(4) to KBr. (5) khng xy ra phn ng.
Cu 47. Nhng mt thanh nhm vo dung dch cha 0,8 mol Fe(NO
3
)
3
v 0,05 mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
sau mt thi
gian ly ra thanh kim loi v cn li th khi lng thanh nhm tng 10,3 gam so vi lc u. Khi lng
nhm phn ng l:
A. 15,3 B. 14,4 C. 8,1 D. 14,0
Gii.
Th t phn ng:
*Al +3Fe
3+
Al
3+
+3Fe
2+
(1)
*2Al +3Cu
2+
2Al
3+
+3Cu (2)
*2Al +2Fe
2+
2Al
2+
+3Fe (3)
S dng mc so snh:


*Nu ch xy ra phn ng (1): Am =
0,8
.27 7,2
3
= (gam)
*Nu Cu
2+
va ht phn ng (2): Am =
0,8 0,05
.27 (3.64 2.27) 4,9
3 3
+ = (gam)
*Nu Fe
2+
va ht phn ng (3): Am =
0,8 0,05 0,8
.27 (3.64 2.27) (3.56 2.27) 25,5
3 3 3
+ + = (gam)
Ta thy 4,9 <10,3 <25,5. Vy phn ng (3) xy ra. Gi x l s mol Fe
2+
phn ng (3).
0,8 0,05
.27 (3.64 2.27) (3.56 2.27) 10,3 0,4
3 3 3
x
m x A = + + = = (<0,8; tha mn)
Khi lng Al phn ng: m =
0,8 0,4.2 0,05.2
.27 15,3
3 3 3
| |
+ + =
|
\ .
(gam). Chn p n A.
Cu 48. Nung hn hp X gm N
2
v H
2
trong mt bnh kn vi bt Fe thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi
hi i vi H
2
l 3,75. Dn hn hp kh Y i qua ng s cha CuO nhit cao, sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton th thy khi lng chn rn gim i 12,8 gam ng thi thu c 20 gam hn hp kh T. Hiu
sut tng hp NH
3
l:
A. 10% B. 15% C. 20% D. 25%
Gii.
Gi s mol ban u ca
2
N v
2
H ln lt l , x y ,s mol
3
NH sinh ra l z .
2 2 3
3 2
0,5 1,5
N H NH
x y
z z z
+

T cc d kin, ta c:
12,8
08
0,2
16
0,02
28 18 20 0,8 .100 10%
0,1
28 2 0,04
3,5.2 7,5
y
x
x y y H
x y z
x y z
= =

+ = = = =

+ =
= =
+
. Chn A.
Cu 49. Cho s phn ng sau:
o
2 2
o
H du O ,xt CuO,t
Ni,t
X Y Z Axitisobutiric
Bit X, Y, Z l cc hp cht hu c khc nhau v X cha no. Cng thc cu to ca X l cht no sau y?
A. . B. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CHO.
C. (CH
3
)
2
C=CH-CHO. D. CH
3
-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
OH.
Gii.
Cu 50. Cho m gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch hn hp
3 2
( ) Cu NO v
2 4
H SO , un nng, khuy u n
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch A;0,896lt hn hp kh B (ktc) gm hai kh khng
mu, trong c mt kh ha nu ngoi khng kh v 1,76gam hn hp hai kim loi c cng s mol. Bit
rng t khi hi ca B i vi H
2
l 8 v khi lng mui to thnh trong dung dch A l 19,32 gam. Gi
tr ca m l:
Gii.


V kim loi d trn trong dung dch A ch cha cc ion
2 2
4 4
, , Mg SO NH
+ +
(c th c).
T d kin bi ta xc nh c hai kh l NO, H
2
.
Gi s mol
2 2
4 4
, , Mg NH SO
+ +
ln lt l , , x y z ,ta c:
-Bo ton e:
2
4
2 2 3 2 8 2 0,14 8
Mg Cu NO H
NH
n n n n n x y
+
= + + + = +
-BTKL:
2 2
4 4
19,32 24 18 96 19,32
Mg NH SO
m m m x y z
+ +
+ + = + + =
-BTT:
2 2
4 4
2 2 2 2
Mg NH SO
n m n x y z
+ +
+ = + =
T cc phng trnh trn ta gii c:
0,15
0,02 (0,15 0,02).24 4,08
0,16
x
y m
z
=
= = + =
(g). Chn A.

TNG KT
BoxMath xin chc mng bn phovang101 t s im cao nht vi thi th Ha hc s 3 ln ny.
Top 5 ca t thi theo th t im s l: phovang101: 78, th122: 74, SuBaSa2012: 72, quanchuon31: 72,
tunga2minhha: 72.
BoxMath cng xin cm n cc thnh vin nhit tnh ng gp bi tp cho thi c bit l cc bn:
tkboxmath v votanhuyNQD_12T.
Ngoi ra, BoxMath cng v cng hoan nghnh cc bn sau y tch cc ng gp nhng cch gii
hon thin li gii chi tit ny: hochoikienthuc, tvl_08, dzitxiem, quaybutnghethuat, phammai, nhatqny.
Rt mong s hp tc ca cc bn trong nhng thi th tip theo ca BoxMath.
Mc d ht sc c gng nhng chc chn thi v li gii vn cn nhng thiu st. V vy, box Ha
hc rt mong s gp ca bn c, mi kin xin gi vo email hoahoc.boxmath@gmail.com. Chng ti
xin chn thnh cm n.

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thi th i hc mn Ha hc, ln 3, 2013 M BM.3.

= (mol). Tng s mol

= = mol. Vy s mol ankan l: n

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