Bi 4: im chp chy cc h- HYDROMETER

A.im chp chy: I.Mc ch: Xc nh im chp chy cc h ca mu nhin liu biodiesel II.C s l thuyt: - ASTM D92 l phng php xc nh im chp chy cc h ca tt c cc sn phm du m c im chp chy cao hn 79 0C v thp hn 400 0C ( tr FO ) bng thit b manual hoc thit b t ng - im chp chy ( flash point ) ca sn phm du m l nhit thp nht c hiu chnh p sut 101.3 kPa ( 760 mmHg ), ti hi ca mu th chp la khi c mi la di iu kin th nghim. III.Dng c v ha cht: 1.Dng c:

- Nhit k thy ngn 250 0C - B thit b gia nhit - Cc t mu bng thp khng g -Ngn la mi bng LPG

2. Ha cht - Du biodiesel IV.Phng php th nghim: - mu vo cc th ti vch chun - Gn nhit k v tr thng ng sao cho du khc trn nhit k thp hn 2mm so vi ming cc. Thp ngn la, iu chnh kch thc ca n bng vi kch thc ht so snh. - Tc t mu ban u l (14 17 )0C/ pht. Khi nhit mu xp x 56 0C di im chp chy d on, gim tc t nng xung ( 5 6 ) 0C / pht - Khi nhit mu ln n 28 0C di im chp chy d on, bt u th bng cch cho ngn la di chuyn nhanh qua tm cc th ( khong 1 giy ). Lp li vic th nghim ny sau mi 2 0C - Ghi nhn im chp chy khi s bt la xut hin ti bt c im no trn b mt mu - Ngng th nghim. Tt ngun nhit, mu lau sch cc loi b bt c vt du jay cn cn bm li V. Kt qu:

t1 t 2 162 161 161.5 0C 2 2

VI. Bn lun: 1. Ti sao im chp chy ca diesel nh hn ca biodiesel trong khi nht ca 2 loi du gn bng nhau?

Diesel c thnh phn ch yu l hydrocarbon v cha cc cu t d bay hi nhiu hn trong khi biodesel c thnh phn chnh l metylester, c nhiu kin kt RO-C=CO rt kh bay hi. Hi nhin liu tip xc vi ngn la s gy ra hin tng chp chy. 2. C th o im chp chy cc h ca diesel c hay khng? Khng. V im chp chy ca diesel nh nn im chp chy cc h cng gn vi im bc chy ca nhin liu 3. Chp chy khc bc chy nh th no? Khc nhau thi gian duy tr ngn la. Bc chy c thi gian trn 5 giy v chp chy c thi gian di 5 giy.

B.o t trng bng HYDROMETER I. Nguyn tc:

- Theo tiu chun ASTM D1298, p dng cho du th v cc sn phm du kh dng lng, t trng c xc nh bng t trng k thy tinh.Phng php xc nh ny da trn nguyn tc cu sc y Archimede. II. Dng c v ha cht: 1. Dng c: - t trng k thy tinh - ng ong - Nhit k 2. Ha cht: - Du biodesel III. Phng php th nghim: - Rt nh nhng mu th, trnh to bt kh vo ng ong vi lng thch hp sao cho t trng k ni khi th vo v c c s. Nu c bt kh tp trung b mt mu, dng ming giy lc ly chng ra. - Cm pha trn t trng k ri th t t vo ng ong ng mu. Trnh mu thm t phn khng chm ca t trng k - Dng nhit k khuy mu lin tc. Khi nhit t cn bng, ghi nhit ca mu v ly nhit k ra - Ko t trng k ln khi cht lng khi 2 vch v sau th xung. cho t trng k ni t do, trnh chm vo thnh ng ong. - Khi t trng k ng yn, t mt v tr thp hn mc cht lng v a ln t t cho n khi ngang bng vi mt thong ca cht lng ri ghi gi tr c c trn thang chia ca t trng k. - Ngay sau , dng nhit k khuy cn thn ri ghi nhit ca mu th. Nu nhit ny khc vi nhit trc hn 0.5 0C, o li t trng - Tin hnh th nghim 2 ln

Ch : Nhit ca ng ong, t trng k v mu th phi gn nh nhau Nhit mi trng trong 2 ln o khng thay i qu 2 0C IV. Kt qu:

t t 20 - T trng tiu chun: d 420 d 4

Trong :

t nhit ca mu th khi o h s hiu chnh ( tra bng )

- Mu biodiesel:

V. 1. 2. -

3.
-

Bn lun: ngha ca t trng: c trng cho nng nh ca nhin liu, th hin mi quan h gia th tch v khi lng, c s dng trong tn tr, vn chuyn, bun bn, l con s n gin nhng c th nh gi khi qut sn phm. Nu 2 nhin liu c cng gii hn nhit si th nhin liu no c t trng cao hn th thng c hm lng hydrocacbon thm v napthenic cao hn, t trng thp thng cha nhiu parafins. Nhit tr (trn 1 n v khi lng) ca nhin liu c xu hng gim khi t trng tng. Ti sao phi quy i t trng v iu kin tiu chun? Do t trng l thng s ban u nh gi cht lng sn phm phc v cho qu trnh tn tr, vn chuyn, mua bn. T trng ph thuc ch yu vo nhit , v vy phi chuyn v iu kin tiu chun c th nh gi cht lng sn phm, giao dch, mua bn c thun li hn Ti sao khi thao tc trnh mu thm t phn khng chm ca t trng k: V nu iu xy ra s lm tng khi lng ca t trng k (do phn dnh t ny ngoi phn cht lng nn khng chu sc y Archimede), dn n t trng k s chm su hn v gy sai bit trong th nghim.

Trong qu trnh thao tc, nh hng ca sc cng b mt lm t trng k chm su hn v gy sai s trong th nghim. Do , trc khi tin hnh c kt qu, ta phi ko t trng k ln khi cht lng 1 on gim nh hng ca hin tng trn i vi sai s ca kt qu th nghim 4. S dng phng php ny o BO v DO th ci no gy sai s nhiu hn? Ti sao? - BO gy sai s nhiu hn DO.BO c nht cao hn nn bm dnh trn b mt t trng k nhiu hn v to sc cng b mt lm kt qu th nghim c sai s ln
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