Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

LI NI U
Cng vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca my tnh, CAD (Computer Aided Design) ngy cng hon thin v c ng dng trong hu ht cc lnh vc ca khoa hc k thut. i vi chuyn ngnh in t, nhiu phn mm CAD cho php v mch, m phng mch in v chuyn sang mch in mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu nh: OrCAD/PSPICE, EAGLE, Mutisim Workbench, MicroSim, Altium Designer, Altium Designer, phin bn trc kia c tn gi quen thuc l Protel DXP, l mt trong nhng cng c v mch in t mnh nht hin nay. c pht trin bi hng Altium Limited, Altium Designer (Altium) mang li cho ngi dng mt mi trng lm vic ht sc chuyn nghip. Nhng cng chnh l mt tr ngi ln cho nhng ngi mi lm quen vi phn mm ny.

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Chng 1: V S NGUYN L
Trc ht chng ta cng lm quen vi mi trng lm vic ca Altium Designer. Cho n thi im cun Ebook ang vit th Altium Dsigner ra n phin bn 6.8. Nhng cun Ebook c thc hin trn bn 6.7. Bn v u tin l mch n nh tc ng c, c s nh sau:

Khi ng chng trnh t shortcut trn destop mn hnh nn hoc t Menu Start >> All programs >>Altium Designer 6 >> Altium Designer 6. Khi ca s lm vic ca Altium Designer c dng nh sau:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

to s nguyn l trc ht ta cn to 1 project (D n) mi: T menu File >> New >> Project >> PCB Project Hoc bng cc phm tt: F, N, J, B. Vic s dng phm tt s gip bn thit k nhanh hn. Cc phm tt ca menu tng ng c gch chn di menu hoc lnh tng ng:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

y ta chn PCB Project: D n mch in phc v cho vic chuyn t s nguyn l sang mch in cc chng sau ny, PCB (Printed Circuit Board): mch in. By gi trn ca s Projects ca Bn lm vic bn pha tri s xut hin tn 1 project mi c tn mc nh l: PCB_Project1.PrjPCB v pha bn di xut hin thng bo No Documents Added: Do cha c ti liu, bn v no trong d n. Ta c th lu li Project ny vi tn mi: bm phi chut vo PCB_Project1.PrjPCB mt menu mi xut hin, chn Save project ti ca s hin ra chn ni lu gi project v t tn mi cho project ti mc File name l: Baitap1.PrjPCB.

Ta s thy ca s project s c tn mi l: Baitap1.PrjPCB. By gi ta thm bn v s nguyn l mch in vo project: bm phi chut vo Baitap1.PrjPCB ti menu xut hin chn: Add New to Project, ti menu con hin ra chn tip Schematic (S nguyn l). Cn nu bn v c t trc ta c th chn Add Existing to Project (tt nhin chng ta cha c bn v no s dng la chn ny).

Hng dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation. Trn ca s Project bn di Baitap1.PrjPCB xut hin bo cho ta bit ti liu ngun mi c tn mc nh l: Sheet1.SchDoc, ng thi c 2 biu tng xut hin cng Baitap1.PrjPCB v Sheet1.SchDoc l biu tng 2 t giy: t giy bo rng c s thay i trong project va to (ta va thm vo s nguyn l) nhng cha lu li s thay i ny vo project. T giy trng bo rng ti liu Schematic cha c s thay i g (do ta cha v g). Ta lu li bn v ny vi tn mi bng cch bm phi vo Sheet1.SchDoc ti menu hin ra chn Save, chn ni lu bn v v t tn mi cho bn v ti mc File name, y ti t l: Nguyenly1.SchDoc. Tn mi ny tng t cng c th hin li ca s qun l project. Mi trng lm vic ca Altium t ng chuyn sang mi trng v mch nguyn l. Phn tch mch nguyn l u bi cho ta thy: Mch gm 5 din tr, 1bin tr, 2 t in, 1 cun dy, 3 diode, 1 triac, 2 transistor npn, 1 cng tc chuyn mch 3 chu, 6 chn ngun ni mass. Ta tin hnh ly cc linh kin ny t th vin ca Altium. y l mi trng v mch nguyn l:

Hng dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation. tin hnh ly linh kin ta di chuyn chut n menu Libraries gc phi, nu khng thy menu ny th vo menu: Designe> Browse Library (n phm tt: D, B), sau ko th ca s ny vo gc phi ca chng trnh (n v gi chut tri, ri th vo gc phi), hoc n vo nt , khung Libraries s ch t ng Nn, menu Libraries xut hin bn gc phi cho ta d thao tc. Ca s Libraries xut hin.

Theo mc nh th vin Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib t ng xut hin. Th vin ny cha hu ht cc linh kin dn gin nh: in tr, t in, transistor, . ly in tr: ta g Res1 vo khung tn linh kin. Hnh dng trong s nguyn l v chn cm (footprint) s xut hin bn di. Nhp Place Res1 ly in tr. Lc ny

bn cnh con tr chut c si tc hnh ch thp (crosshair) ng thi linh kin Res1 di chuyn theo con tr ny. Nhng hy khoan n chut tri 1 ln na t res1 vo mch nguyn l: bm phm Tab xut hin hp thoi Component Properties cha cc thng s v ty chn v linh kin.

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Ti mc Properties, khung Designator thay R? bng tn linh kin ny l R1 k hiu. T ny v sau mi khi ly Res1 k hiu ca linh kin s t ng tng ln 1: R2, R3, . Ti khung Comment miu t linh kin ta c th cho Nn i bng cch b chn mc Visible. Gi tr ca in tr ny bng 39K, Nhng theo mc nh gi tr ny l1K, do ta phi nhp li gi tr ny ti mc Parameter for R?-Res1, khung Value thay 1Kbng gi tr tng nag l 39K. V cn m bo du tch mc ny c xut hin. ( cho gi tr ny th hin trn bn v). Sau khi nhp xong nhn OK. Lc ny trn con tr chut R? c thay bng R1, nhng nh ta thy th hnh dng ny rt b, phng to hnh v bm phm Page Up trn bn phm 1 hoc nhiu ln n khi no thy hnh v ph hp th thi. thu nh bn v ta c th bm phm Page Down trn bn phm. Chn v tr ph hp trn bn v, nu mun quay linh kin c th bm phm X, hoc Y, ri bm chut tri t linh kin in tr ny ln bn v. Nh vy l R1 c t trn bn v. Sau khi t xong ta thy trn con tr chut vn xut hin linh kin in tr R2 ( c t ng tng ln), do vn trong ch t Res1. Ta c th ly lun 4 in tr cn li bng cch chn nhng v tr trn bn v ri t lin tip 4 in tr ny. kt thc ly Res1 ta bm phm ESC. C 1 im cn lu l: cc gi tr in tr trong bn v l khc nhau do ta phi t li cc gi tr ny bng cch trc khi t R2, R3, R4, R5 ta bm phm Tab t li cc gi tr ny (hoc c th khng cn thay i ngay, ta s t li cc thng s ny sau). Tng t, ly 2 t in: vo menu Libraries vn ti th vin Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib ta g Cap v bm chut vo Place Cap, v trc khi t t in ny vo

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

bn v ta cng bm phm Tab hin hp thoi Component properties: ti khung Designator thay C? bng C1, b chn mc Visible khung Comment. Theo mc nh gi

tr t ny l 100pF, ta c th chnh li gi tr ny (hoc b qua sau ny chnh li) thay 100pF bng 0.1uF Khung Value ca mc Parameters for C?-Cap (ch u thay cho k t micro). Nhn OK v chn 2 v tr khc nhau trn mn hnh lm vic t 2 t ny.

Tip theo, ly Diode: ti menu Libraries, vn ti th vin Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib ta g Diode vo khung tn linh kin. Theo mc nh mt cu diode s xut hin u tin. Ta ko xung v chn ng Diode nh hnh v bn.

Nhn Place Diode tr v mn hnh lm vic. n phm Tab v t li tn cho diode ny l D1 thay v D? ti hp thoi n phm Tab hin hp thoi Component Properties nh phn trn hng dn. Nhp OK v t 3 diode ln bn v. Nhn ESC kt thc ly diode.

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Tin hnh ly bin tr, cng ti th vin trn, g Rpot vo khung tn linh kin. Nhn Place RPot quay v mn hnh lm vic.

n phm Tab hin hp thoi Component Properties:

Thay R? bng R6, b chn mc Visible khung Comment, nhp li gi tr 100K khung Value ca mc Parameters for R?-Rpot, sau n OK v mn hnh lm vic, chn v tr thch hp v t bin tr vo. Nhn ESC kt thc ly bin tr. Tip theo, ly Triac, vn ti th vin Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib ta g Triac vo khung tn linh kin:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Chn ng Triac nh hnh v trn. Ri n Place Triac quay v mn hnh lm vic. n phm Tab hin hp thoi Component Properties:

Thay Q? bng Q1 ti khung Designator. Ri nhn OK v chn v tr trn mn hnh t Q1. n ESC kt thc ly Triac. ly Transistor NPN, vn ti th vin trn ta g 2N3904 vo khung tn linh kin ri nhn vo Place 2N3904:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Trc khi t vo bn v n phm Tab hin hp thoi Component Properties, thay Q? bng Q2 khung Designator, sau nhn OK quay v mn hnh lm vic v t 2 transistor vo bn v. n ESC that ch ly transistor.

ly cun dy, vn ti th vin trn, g Inductor Iron vo khung tn linh kin ti menu Libraries. n Place Inductor Iron t cun dy vo bn v. Trc khi t n Tab v thay k hiu L? bng L1 ti khung Designator ca hp thoi Component Properties. Nhn OK v Dt cun dy ti v tr thch hp trn bn v. Nhn ESC that ch ly cun dy.

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Nh vy l ch cn 2 chn cm cho linh kin ngun 220V v ng c. Chn cm ny khng nm trong th vin Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib m nm trong th vin Miscellaneous Conectors.IntLib do ta cn thm th vin ny vo bng cch t menu Libraries nhp vo nt Libraries, ca s Avaiable Libraries xut hin trong bo cho ta bit cc th vin c l:

Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib, nhn vo nt

Hng dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation. Install thm th vin. Ca s Open hin ra, ko chut xung cui v chn th vin Miscellaneous Connectors.IntLib:

(Cc th vin ny thng nm trong ng dn: C:\Program Files\Altium Designer 6\Library). Sau nhn Open thm th vin ny. Tip nhn Close ng ca s.

Tr v menu Libraries, lc ny th vin hin ti l Miscellaneous Connectors.IntLib, g Header 2 vo khung tn linh kin. n Place Header 2 t chn cm ny vo bn v.

n Tab hin hp thoi Component Properties: thay P? khung Designator bng P1, thay Header 2 khung Comment bng 220V v m bo du tch 2 mc ny l c.

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Nhn OK v t chn cm cho ngun vo v tr thch hp. Nh vy ta cn chn cm ng c, trc khi t chn cm ny n Tab hin hp thoi Component Properties, tng t thay 220V mc Designator bng ng C.

n OK v t chn cm vo v tr thch hp trn bn v. n ESC kt thc ly chn cm. ly cng tc 3 chu: ti menu Libraries ta nhp vo mi tn khung th vin, cc th vin ca bn v ta ci t vo s hin ra, ko chut ln v chn li th vin l Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib, ti khung tn linh kin g SW-SPDT, Nhp Place SWSPDT, trc khi t linh kin vo bn v ta cng nhn phm Tab t li tn cho cng tc 3 chu ny bng cch thay S? bng S1 mc Designator ca hp thoi Component Properties.

Nh vy l ta kt thc vic ly linh kin. Trn mn hnh lm vic lc ny cc linh kin sp xp nh sau:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

By gi ta tin hnh sp xp li v ni dy cho mch in. di chuyn linh kin no ta no ta nhp chut vo linh kin , lc ny bao quanh linh kin l vung mu xanh, nhn v gi chut tri di chuyn n v tr thch hp ri th chut. xoay linh kin nhp phm Space Bar (du cch), linh kin s xoay theo chiu kim ng h mt gc 90 . C nh vy sp xp nh s nguyn l sao cho hp l nht. Nhp nt Save trn thanh cng c lu bn v (Khuyn co: sau mi bc quan trng nn lu ngay bn v, phng

Hng dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation. trng hp hay mt in nh hin nay). Di y hnh v sp xp linh kin:

By gi ta ni dy cc linh kin vi nhau. Nhp chut vo biu tng Place Wire trn thanh cng c: Hoc t menu Place >> Wire (phm tt P,W), lc ny ta ang ch ni dy, con tr chut by gi hnh ch thp v c 2 si tc ch x, nu di chuyn n chn linh kin ch x s c mu . ni 2 chn linh kin vi nhau, nhp chut vo chn th nht, di chuyn n chn th hai v nhp chut ln na. ly mass ta nhp vo biu tng GND Power Port trn thanh cng c, hoc t menu Place >> Power Port (phm tt P, O). Sau ni mass vi cc linh kin. Nu trong qu trnh ni dy c ni sai dy, nhp trc tip vo on dy v nhn phm Delete trn bn phm. xa b thao tc trc, nhn Undo trn thanh cng c, Redo tc dng ngc li. di chuyn nguyn linh kin, nhp chut linh kin v ko n v tr mi. di chuyn c linh kin c dy ni, hoc cc thnh phn ni lin quan n n, nhn gi chut v nhn gi ng thi phm Ctrl trn bn phm, ko n v tr mi, ri th chut.

Hng dn Altium Designer Mch sau khi ni dy hon chnh:

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Aqua Corporation.

Ta thy rng cc gi tr in tr ca R2, R3, R4, R5 khng ng nh mch cho, tuy ta khng m phng mch nn cc gi tr ny khng quan trng nhng ta c th chnh li chng bng cch: nhp p chut vo cc gi tr , hp thoi Parameter Properties xut hin, ta thay gi tr mc nh bng gi tr thch hp trong khung Value.

Hng dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation. Nhn Save trn thanh cng c lu bn v. Bn v hon chnh nh sau:

Nh vy l kt thc vic v s nguyn l. Chuyn sang chng sau chuyn t s nguyn l ny sang mch in.

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Chng 2: THIT K MCH IN

By gi ta chuyn sang giai on thit k mch in ca Mch iu chnh tc ng c m ta v chng trc. Quay li bn v nguyn l Nguyenly1.SchDoc xem li cc chn cm mc nh cho cc linh kin, c th thy rng Altium Designer cung cp kh nng linh hot chuyn qua li gia cc bn v, cc loi ti liu khc nhau trong mt chng trnh duy nht. Ti bn v nguyn l, xem chn cm ca linh kin no, ta nhp p vo linh kin , hp thoi Components Properties s xut hin, chng hn nh xem chi tit v linh kin transistor Q2, nhp p linh kin ny, khi hp thoi Components Properties:

Ti khung Models for Q2 2N3904, ta thy kiu chn cm mc nh ca linh kin ny l TO-92, ta cn chn li chn cm ny l TO-220AB, bng cch, kch p vo Footprint, ca s PCB Model xut hin, ti khung PCB Library, b chn mc Use footprint from component Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib, v chn mc Any. Sau , ti khung Footprint model, ti mc Name, c th g trc tip TO-220AB thay cho TO-92, hoc nhn nt Browse chn chn cm t danh sch cc chn cm ti th vin Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Gi s nhp Browse, khi ca s Browse Libraries xut hin, vi th vin hin ti vn l Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib, ta ko xung v chn TO-220AB, sau nhp OK:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Sau nhp OK 2 ln tr v bn v. thay i chn cho transistor Q3, ta tin hnh tng t. Nhp p chut vo t C1 hin hp thoi Component Properties, ti khung Models for C1-Cap, mc RAD-0.3, ko mi tn bn cnh xung v chn li chn cho t C1 l VP32-3.2, sau nhp OK:

Tng t thay i chn cho C2. Thay i chn cho D1, D2, D3 li l AXIAL-0.3. Cn cc chn ca linh kin khc c nh mc nh: chn cm cho P1 v P2 l HDR1X2, cho L1 l AXIAL-0.9, cho in tr l AXIAL-0.3, cho bin tr l VR5, cho Triac Q1 l 369-03, cho cng tc S1 l TL36WW15050. Ta cn kim tra li ca bn v. Vn t mi trng v mch nguyn l, m Project Baitap1.PrjPCB, m ti liu Nguyenly1.SchDoc m ta v chng trc. Ti ca s Project, bm phi vo Baitap1.PrjPCB, ti menu hin ra bm chn Compile PCB Project Baitap1.PrjPCB, (hoc t menu Project >> Compile PCB Project Baitap1.PrjPCB):

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Xem li ca bn v bng cch: t menu System cui gc phi bn v, chn Messages. Ta thy rng bn v khng c li nn hp thoi bo li khng c g nn ta c th chuyn sang mch in c. chuyn sang mch in, t ca s qun l Workspace Panel bn tri, nhp vo Tab Files, nhp chn PCB Board Wizard ti menu New from template:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Hng dn Altium Designer Ca s hin ra bm Next.

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Aqua Corporation.

Ca s tip theo, ta chn n v o di cho bo mch. C 2 la chn l: Imperial v Metric: trong ta cn ch , nu chn Imperial th n v o l mil, 1000mil = 2.57cm , y l n v hay dng trong thit k mch (cc khong cch chn ca linh kin thng l bi c ca 100mil). Cn nu chn Metric th n v dng l milimet. y chn theo Imperial. Sau nhn Next:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Ca s tip theo ta chn 1 bo mch mu c sn, c nh mc nh ri bm Next:

Ca s tip theo cung cp thng tin c th v bo mch: chn Outline shape l Rectangular (bo hnh ch nht), Board Size ln lt nhp li l 3000 mil v 3000 mil ( di rng ca bo mch). Sau nhn Next.

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Ca s tip theo chn mch in my mt, mc nh 2 mt, ri nhn Next:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Ca s tip theo chn kiu chn, ta cng nh mc nh ri nhn Next:

Ca s tip nh mc nh ri nhn Next:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Ca s tip theo, ta c th chn: 1. Minimum Track Size: rng nh nht ca ng mch in. 2. Minimum Via Size: ung knh nh nht ca l cm ngoi linh kin. 3. Minimum Via Holesize: ng knh nh nht l cm trong linh kin. Ta c th nh mc nh hoc chn li. Sau nhn Next:

Ca s tip theo chn Finish:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Nh vy l ta chuyn sang mi trng v mch in:

Mt bn v dng mch in c tn PCB1.PcbDoc xut hin ca s qun l cc bn v. Ta thy rng bn v ny cha nm trong Project Baitap1.PrjPCB, m nm di dng Free Documents. Do vy ta cn chuyn bn v ny vo project Baitap1.PrjPCB bng cch, ti ca s qun l, ko v th (nhp v gi chut ri di chuyn) tn bn v PCB1.PcbDoc mc Free Documents ln project Baitap1.PrjPCB. Mc Free Documents mt i, bn v PCB1.PcbDoc c add vo project Baitap1.PrjPCB, nhn nt Save trn thanh cng c lu li (hoc t menu File, chn Save All). Lc ny mn hnh lm vic c dng nh sau:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

By gi ta c th lu bn v ny vi tn khc bng cch: ti ca s qun l project, nhp chut phi vo tn bn v PCB1.PcbDoc, ti menu xut hin chn Save As, nh hnh di:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Sau chn ni lu bn v v t tn mi cho bn v ti mc File name, sau nhn Save. y, t tn l Mach_in1.PcbDoc

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Nhn phm Page up phng to bn v, ko mch in n v tr ng mu :

Nhp chut vo ng mu ny, con tr chut n khi no thnh hnh mi tn 4 hng, ko ng ny ra ht bo mch mu en. Lm tng t vi c 3 ng cn li, bo mch c bao va bi 4 ng ny:

C 4 gc bo mch nh hnh bn trn l c. Chuyn t mch nguyn l Nguyenly1.SchDoc sang mch in Mach_in1.PcbDoc bng cch, ta tr li bn v Nguyenly1.SchDoc, t menu Design >> Update PCB Document Mach_in1.PcbDoc:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Hp thoi Engeneering Change Order xut hin, xc nhn yu cu chuyn cc ng, cc linh kin mch nguyn l sang mh in, nhn vo nt Validate Changes, nu khng c li g th ct Check s l cc du mu xanh:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Nhn tip nt Execute Changes, tt c cc du tch bn ct Done c mu xanh tng t ct Check l c. Sau ng hp thoi ny li. Chuyn sang bn v mch in Mach_in1.PcbDoc, lc ny cc chn cm cho tt c cc linh kin xut hin, nm bn ngoi bo mch mu en:

Do Altium designer h tr mi trng lm vic thng minh, c th chuyn qua li gia cc bn v mt cch linh hot, ta c th thy th ti liu pha trn c 2 bn v c lit k: Nguyenly1.SchDoc v Mach_in1.PcbDoc: . Ta c th xem 2 bn v cng lc bng cch nhp chut phi vo th ti liu trn, menu hin ra chn Split Vertical: cc ti liu cng xut hin t tri sang phi theo chiu ngang, cn nu chn Split Horizontal: cc ti liu cng xut hin t trn xung di theo chiu dc:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Sau khi chn Split Vertical, ta s thy 2 bn v cng lc:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Chuyn sang bn v Mach_in1.PcbDoc, ta cn thit lp li li Snap grid cho ph hp: t menu Design >> Board Options m hp thoi Board Option, (phm tt D,O):

mc Snap Grid v Component Grid ta ln lt ko xung v chn 25 mil khung X v Y. Sau nhp OK. Chn s lp mch in: T menu Design >> Layer Stack Manager (phm tt D,K) hin hp thoi Layer Stack Manager:

Theo mc nh s c 4 lp, ta cn xa i 2 lp gia, mch in ca ta ch cn 2 mt: 1 mt cm linh kin v 1 mt i dy. Nhp chut vo Internal Plane 1 (No Net), nhn nt Delete gc phi xa lp ny i. Tng t, nhp vo Internal Plane 2 (No Net), nhn nt Delete xa lp ny. Ch cn li 2 lp l Top Layer v Bootom Layer. Sau nhp OK. By gi ta ko tt c cc linh kin ny vo bo mch mu en, v tin hnh sp xp. ko chn linh kin no ta nhp vo chn linh kin , chn ny lp tc c mu trng

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

bc, tr chut vo chn thy n bin thnh hnh mi tn 4 hng, ko chn linh kin vo bo mch mu en. Hoc ta c th chn linh kin, nhm nhiu linh kin t bn v nguyn l bng cch: chuyn sang bn v Nguyenly1.SchDoc, nhp chn linh kin hoc nhm nhiu linh kin m ta mun chn, (thng dng la chn nhiu linh kin khi ta mun xp cc linh kin thy 1 khi chung), chn nhiu linh kin: nhp chut tri v gi ng thi phm Shift. Sau khi chn linh kin xong, vo menu Tools >> Select PCB Component,(phm tt T,S). Gi s ta nh xp tt c in tr vo 1 nhm, ta chn linh kin t R1 n R5, sau ta vo menu nh trn hng dn:

Lc ny Altium Designer s t ng chuyn sang mi trng v mch in Mach_in1.PcbDoc, cc chn cm tng ng cho R1 n R5 c chn, chuyn sang mu bc, ta ko nhm linh kin ny vo bo mch:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Sau khi ko vo bo mch xong, ta thy khong cch gia chng kh xa nhau, ta cn sp xp li, nhp chut ra ch khc, nhp chut tng linh kin v ko chung li gn nhau vi khong cch hp l. Sau , chn 5 chn cm ny bng cach gi ng thi phm Shift v nhp chut tri vo 5 chn cm ny, hoc dng chut khoanh chn trc tip 5 chn cm ny. Sau nhp cng c Alignment Tools trn thanh cng c v mch, ri chn Make Horizontal Spacing of Components Equal, (phm tt Ctrl+Shift+H), cc chn cm t R1 n R5 s c dn cch u chiu ngang, nhp chn tip cng c ny ln na v chn Align Component by Top Edges, (phm tt Ctrl+Shift+T), cc chn linh kin ny s c sp thng hng trn:

Kt qu sau khi thc hin, R1 n R5 c sp thng hng v dn cch u:

Sp xp cc linh kin khc theo v tr thch hp. Mun xoay linh kin trong khi gi v ko chn linh kin nhn phm SpaceBar trn bn phm, chn cm s xoay ngc chiu kim ng h mt gc 90 . Hnh bo mch sau khi sp xp chn cm linh kin hon chnh:

Nhn nt Save lu bn v. chn dy ng mch in v cc thit lp khc, vo menu Design > Rules (phm tt D,R) hin hp thoi PCB Rules and Constraints Editor:

Hng dn Altium Designer

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Aqua Corporation.

Chn Design Rules, chn tip Routing >> Width >>Width, bn pha phi, ti khung Constraints ln lt in 20mil vo cc mc Min Width, Preferred Width, Max Width, ri nhn Apply. Tip theo, chuyn sang mc Electrical >> Clearance >>Clearance: bn pha phi, khung Constraints, mc Minimum Clearance nhp li gi tr 20mil vo:

Sau nhp Apply. Chuyn sang mc Routing Layers >> Routing Layers, pha bn phi, mc Constraints, ta thy c tu chn Enable Layers: ty chn nhng lp mch in, do ta thit lp mch in 2

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Aqua Corporation.

mt, nn s thy c 2 lp: Top layer v Bottom layer, lp Top layer ta s ch dng cm linh kin, v s cho i dy mt di, nn ta b chn ct Allow Routing i vi Top Layer:

Chuyn sang mc Routing>> Routing Vias Style >> Routing Vias, bn pha phi, khung Constrants, mc Via Diameter, nhp li 70mil, 70mil, 70mil ln lut vo gi tr Minimum, Maximum, Preferred. Mc Via Hole Size, nhp li c 3 gi tr l 30mil:

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Aqua Corporation.

Nhp OK ng hp thoi ny li.Ta ko ng bao trn bo mch xung sao cho va cc chn cm:

Ta c th cho dng ch m t mch in t ln mch in: click chut vo Place String trn thanh cng c v mch, dng ch String xut hin, n phm Tab trn bn phm hin hp thoi String:

in dng ch mun cho ln mch vo Text, chn lp t dng ch ny Layer l Bottom Layer. Sau nhp OK v t dng ch vo v tr thch hp:

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Aqua Corporation.

By gi ta tin hnh cho mch t ng chy thnh mch in: t menu Auto Route >> All, (phm tt A,A), hp thai Situs Routing Stragety xut hin, ta nhn vo nt Rout All:

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Aqua Corporation.

Lc ny mch s t ng chy thnh mch in: ca s Massages ng thi xut hin, cha cc thng tin v qu trnh chy mch in. Khi no mch chy xong s c thng bo xem c li g khng:

Cn ch vo 2 mc cui cng: 1.Routing Status: s thng bo cc linh kin c c ni v ng vi nhau nh bn v nguyn l khng. Nu ni ng s c thng bo l: 100% nh trn hnh v. 2.Situs Event: thng bo s kt ni li m n khng t ng ni c. Nh vy l mch ca ta khng c li g, mch in sau khi t ng chy:

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Aqua Corporation.

cho mch in p hn, ta c th tin hnh ph cc khong trng trn mch. T menu Place > Polygon Pour (phm tt P,G) hp thoi Polygon Pour xut hin :

Mc Properties, Layer chn l Bottom Layer, mc Net Options Connect to Net bn c th chn l No net, nu mun cc ng ph ny khng ni vi dy no, hoc chn GND nu mun ni cc ng ny vi mass. Sau nhp OK. Sau nhp vo 4 gc bo mch: 4 im nh du bng mi tn hnh di:

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Aqua Corporation.

Sau nhp ESC. Ta s thy mch in ca ta c ph t:

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Aqua Corporation.

Ta thy rng tn ca cc linh kin nh R1, R2 xut hin trong bn v trng rt ri. Ta c th cho Nn cc tn linh kin ny i bng cch: click vo tn 1 linh kin bt k trong bn v, chng hn nh tn R1, sau nhp chut phi, menu hin ra chn Find Similar Objects. Ca s Find Similar Objects xut hin, tm dch l tm kim nhng i tng ging nhau:

Ti mc Object Specific, khung String Type bn s thy dng ch Designator (tn linh kin), bn hy nhp chut tri vo c ch Any, ko mi tn xug v chn li l Same, tc l ta s tm kim tt c tn linh kin trong bn v, nhp OK. Ca s PCB Inspector xut hin, v bo cho ta rng c 18 i tng ny trong bn v, ko rng ca s ny ra v nh du tch vo Hide, ri ng ca s ny li. Tt c tn ca cc linh kin ny c Nn i. Sau nhn nt Clear gc phi pha di mn hnh tr v ch bnh thng:

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Aqua Corporation.

Altium Designer h tr xem mch in ch 3D, rt ging vi bo mch tht trn thc t. Ta c th xem bo mch ch 3D, phin bn ti ang dng l 6.7 cc phin bn trc c th khng h tr tnh nng ny. T menu View > Board in 3D (phm tt V,3), tuy nhin transistor khng c trong th vin 3D do s c thng bo hin ra, bn c nhp OK b qua, 1 bo mch 3D xut hin:

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Aqua Corporation.

Tuy nhin, do ta chn kch thc bo mach to hn kch thc cn thit nn trng n rt to. y l mt trn, ta c th dng chut tri xoay bo mch xem mi gc , vi tnh nng ny cho php ta xem sn phNm ca mnh thit k.

y l bo mch pha mt di. Mt s ch : Nu thy mch in cha hp l hay bn mun sp xp li linh kin, bn c th quay li bn v mch in: Mach_in1.PcbDoc, menu Tools > Un-Route > All (phm tt T,U,A), sau tin hnh thay i li theo mun. Ri bn cho chy li mch in nh hng dn. Altium Designer cn cung cp 1 chc nng kh hay khc l chuyn cc bn v ra nh dng pdf c th in n c d dng. Vi tnh nng ny bn c th mang bn v ca mnh sang cc my tnh khc xem v in n m my khng nht thit phi ci phn mm Altium Designer. Vo menu File > Smart PDF (phm tt F,M), ca s Smart PDF hin ra, nhn Next, ca s tip theo hin ra Choose Export Target c 2 la chn: Current Project: la chn ny cho php file pdf to ra tt c cc bn v trong Project Baitap1.PrjPCB Current Document: la chn ny th file pdf to ra ch c bn v ca ti liu hin thi, bn v m bn chn. y chn Current Project. Phn Output File Name t tn file pdf s to ra v ni lu file ny,sau nhn Next hin ca s tip theo vi cc la chn c th tip theo. Hoc ta c th nhn Finish kt thc:

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Aqua Corporation.

My tnh cn ci sn phn mm c file pdf nh: Adobe Acrobat, Foxit Reader th file pdf s c t ng m ra sau khi to xong.

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Aqua Corporation.

Nh vy l ta kt thc vic v mch in t s nguyn l. Tt nhin, vic v mch khng ch c th. Cn rt nhiu vn khc na nh: to th vin linh kin cng nh chn linh kin mi. V Altium Designer cng khng ch c vy: khng ch c thit k mch in, m cn thit k h thng nhng, thit k FPGA