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I. Cu to C 2 lin kt i trong phn t. Cc ni i c th: v tr lin nhau: - C = C = C v tr cch bit: - C = C - C - C = C H lin hp: - C = C - C = C Quan trng nht l cc ankaien thuc h lin hp. Ta xt 2 cht tiu biu l: Butaien : CH2 = CH - CH = CH2 v
II. Tnh cht vt l Butaien l cht kh, isopren l cht lng (nhit si = 34oC). C 2 cht u khng tan trong nc, nhng tan trong mt s dung mi hu c nh: ru, ete. III. Tnh cht ho hc Quan trng nht l 2 phn ng sau: 1. Phn ng cng a) Cng halogen lm mt mu nc brom
c) Cng hirohalogenua.
2. Phn ng trng hp
IV. iu ch 1. Tch hiro khi hirocacbon no Phn ng xy ra 600oC, xc tc Cr2O3 + Al2O3, p sut thp.
BI TP V ANKAIEN
1. 2.
3.
CH 2 = CH CH = CH 2 + Br2 CH 2 CH 2 CH = CH 2
| |
Br
Br
CH 2 CH = CH CH 2 hay CH 2 = CH CH = CH 2 + Br2 | | Br Br
CH 2 CH CH CH 2 4. CH 2 = CH CH = CH 2 + 2 Br2 | | | | Br
Na
Br
Br
Br
[ CH 2 CH = CH CH 2 ] n 5. nCH 2 = CH CH = CH 2 + 2 Br2
CH 2 = CH CH = CH 2 6. CH 2 = CH C CH 2 + H 2
Pd
4 CH 2 = CH C CH 7. 2CH CH Phng trnh 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 cc bn t vit
CuCl , NH Cl
Na = CH CH = CH 2 [ CH 2 CH = CH CH 2 ] n to
to , p CH 2 = CH 18. nCH = CH xt | | CH = CH 2 CH = CH 2 n
Br
Theo t l 1 : 1
Br
cong1,4 CH 2 = CH CH = CH 2 + Br2 CH 2 CH = CH CH 2 | |
Br
Theo t l 1 : 1
Br
CH 2 = CH CH = CH 2 + Br2 CH 2 CH = CH CH 2
| | | |
Br
Theo t l 1 : 2
Br
Br
Br
CH 2 CH 3 CH 2 = C CH = CH 2 + 2H 2 21. CH 3 CH | | CH 3 CH 3
to , p CH 2 C = CH CH 2 22. nCH 2 = C CH = CH 2 xt | | CH 3 CH 3 n
Cl | CH 2 C CH 2 CH 2 23. CH 2 C = CH CH 2 + nHCl | | CH 3 CH 3 n n
24. C5 H12
Cracking C3 H 6 + C2 H 6
CH CH 2 25. nCH 3 CH = CH 2 | CH 3 n